JP2011244555A - Charging method and secondary battery - Google Patents

Charging method and secondary battery Download PDF

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JP2011244555A
JP2011244555A JP2010112730A JP2010112730A JP2011244555A JP 2011244555 A JP2011244555 A JP 2011244555A JP 2010112730 A JP2010112730 A JP 2010112730A JP 2010112730 A JP2010112730 A JP 2010112730A JP 2011244555 A JP2011244555 A JP 2011244555A
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Yasuhiro Komo
康博 戸毛
Masato Yatsuda
正人 谷田
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Panasonic Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charging method capable of charging, with a first charge voltage value and charging with a second charge voltage value lower than the first charge voltage value, a secondary battery by using a common battery charger.SOLUTION: The charging method for charging the secondary battery capable of being charged with the first charge voltage value having the same voltage as a prescribed output voltage value of the battery charger, performs a constant current charge and constant voltage charge with the prescribed output current value and output voltage value of the battery charger in the case of charging the secondary battery to the first charge voltage value, and performs the constant current charge with a prescribed output current value C of the battery charger in the case of charging the secondary battery to a second charge voltage value D, and when a battery voltage reaches the second charge voltage value D, performs a low constant current charge with a current value F smaller than that of the constant current charge by switching from the constant current charge to the low constant current charge.

Description

本発明は、例えば電動アシスト自転車等に搭載されるリチウムイオン電池等の二次電池の充電方法および二次電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for charging a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery mounted on, for example, an electric assist bicycle, and a secondary battery.

従来、リチウムイオン電池を充電する場合、リチウムイオン電池に対応した専用の充電器を用いている。この場合、充電器には規定の出力電流値と規定の出力電圧値とが設定されており、リチウムイオン電池の充電電圧上限値が充電器の規定の出力電圧値に一致している。   Conventionally, when charging a lithium ion battery, a dedicated charger corresponding to the lithium ion battery is used. In this case, a specified output current value and a specified output voltage value are set in the charger, and the charging voltage upper limit value of the lithium ion battery matches the specified output voltage value of the charger.

充電の際には、先ず、充電器の規定の出力電流値で定電流充電(CC充電)を行い、電池電圧が充電電圧上限値に達すると、定電流充電から定電圧充電(CV充電)に切り替え、上記規定の出力電圧値で定電圧充電を行う。充電が進行して、充電電流が規定の出力電流値よりも小さな閾値以下になると、充電を停止する。これにより、リチウムイオン電池は、充電器の出力電圧値と同じ充電電圧上限値で満充電される。   When charging, first, constant current charging (CC charging) is performed at the specified output current value of the charger. When the battery voltage reaches the charging voltage upper limit value, the constant current charging is changed to the constant voltage charging (CV charging). Switching is performed, and constant voltage charging is performed at the output voltage value specified above. When the charging progresses and the charging current falls below a threshold value smaller than the specified output current value, the charging is stopped. Thereby, the lithium ion battery is fully charged with the same charging voltage upper limit value as the output voltage value of the charger.

尚、上記のように定電流充電と定電圧充電とを組み合わせてリチウムイオン電池を充電する方法は、例えば下記特許文献1に記載されている。   A method for charging a lithium ion battery by combining constant current charging and constant voltage charging as described above is described in, for example, Patent Document 1 below.

特開2002−78223JP 2002-78223 A

しかしながら上記の従来型式では、リチウムイオン電池を充電電圧上限値で満充電し、この満充電状態で保存しておくと、リチウムイオン電池に大きな負荷がかかり、寿命の短縮を招くという問題がある。   However, in the above conventional type, when the lithium ion battery is fully charged at the upper limit of the charging voltage and stored in this fully charged state, there is a problem that a large load is applied to the lithium ion battery and the life is shortened.

この対策として、リチウムイオン電池を充電電圧上限値よりも低い低充電電圧値で充電することが考えられる。しかしながら、この場合、上記低充電電圧値を規定の出力電圧値として出力する別の充電器が必要になるという問題がある。   As a countermeasure, it is conceivable to charge the lithium ion battery at a low charge voltage value lower than the charge voltage upper limit value. However, in this case, there is a problem that another charger that outputs the low charging voltage value as a specified output voltage value is required.

本発明は、共通の充電器を用いて、二次電池を、第1の充電電圧値で充電することと、第1の充電電圧値よりも低い第2の充電電圧値で充電することとができる充電方法および二次電池を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention uses a common charger to charge a secondary battery at a first charging voltage value and to charge at a second charging voltage value lower than the first charging voltage value. An object of the present invention is to provide a charging method and a secondary battery.

上記目的を達成するために、本第1発明は、充電器の規定の出力電圧値と同じ第1の充電電圧値で充電可能な二次電池を充電する充電方法であって、
二次電池を第1の充電電圧値まで充電する場合、充電器の規定の出力電流値で定電流充電を行い、電池電圧が第1の充電電圧値に達すると、定電流充電から定電圧充電に切り替え、上記規定の出力電圧値で定電圧充電を行い、充電電流が規定の出力電流値よりも小さな所定の閾値以下になると、充電を停止し、
二次電池を第1の充電電圧値よりも低い第2の充電電圧値まで充電する場合、充電器の規定の出力電流値で定電流充電を行い、電池電圧が第2の充電電圧値に達すると、定電流充電から低定電流充電に切り替え、上記定電流充電よりも小さい電流値で低定電流充電を行ない、この低定電流充電過程において、電池電圧が第2の充電電圧値に達すると、充電を停止するものである。
In order to achieve the above object, the first invention is a charging method for charging a secondary battery that can be charged at the same first charging voltage value as a prescribed output voltage value of a charger,
When charging the secondary battery to the first charging voltage value, constant current charging is performed at the specified output current value of the charger, and when the battery voltage reaches the first charging voltage value, the constant current charging is performed from the constant current charging. Switch to, perform constant voltage charging at the specified output voltage value, stop charging when the charging current is below a predetermined threshold value smaller than the specified output current value,
When the secondary battery is charged to a second charging voltage value lower than the first charging voltage value, constant current charging is performed at a specified output current value of the charger, and the battery voltage reaches the second charging voltage value. Then, switching from constant current charging to low constant current charging, low constant current charging is performed at a current value smaller than the constant current charging, and when the battery voltage reaches the second charging voltage value in the low constant current charging process. The charging is stopped.

これによると、共通の充電器を用いて、二次電池を、第1の充電電圧値まで満充電することと、第1の充電電圧値よりも低い第2の充電電圧値まで充電することとができる。尚、二次電池を第1の充電電圧値よりも低い第2の充電電圧値まで充電し、この状態で二次電池を保存しておくことにより、二次電池にかかる負荷が低減され、二次電池の寿命短縮が抑制される。   According to this, using a common charger, the secondary battery is fully charged to the first charging voltage value, and is charged to the second charging voltage value lower than the first charging voltage value. Can do. In addition, by charging the secondary battery to a second charging voltage value lower than the first charging voltage value and storing the secondary battery in this state, the load applied to the secondary battery is reduced. The shortening of the life of the secondary battery is suppressed.

本第2発明は、請求項1に記載の充電方法で充電可能な二次電池であって、
第1の充電電圧値まで充電される第1充電モードと第1の充電電圧値よりも低い第2の充電電圧値まで充電される第2充電モードとを選択する充電モード選択手段が設けられているものである。
The second invention is a secondary battery that can be charged by the charging method according to claim 1,
Charging mode selection means is provided for selecting a first charging mode for charging up to the first charging voltage value and a second charging mode for charging up to a second charging voltage value lower than the first charging voltage value. It is what.

これによると、充電モード選択手段で第1充電モードを選択した場合、二次電池が第1の充電電圧値まで充電される。また、充電モード選択手段で第2充電モードを選択した場合、二次電池が第1の充電電圧値よりも低い第2の充電電圧値まで充電される。   According to this, when the first charging mode is selected by the charging mode selection means, the secondary battery is charged to the first charging voltage value. When the second charging mode is selected by the charging mode selection unit, the secondary battery is charged to a second charging voltage value lower than the first charging voltage value.

以上のように本発明によると、共通の充電器を用いて、二次電池を、第1の充電電圧値まで充電することと、第1の充電電圧値よりも低い第2の充電電圧値まで充電することとができる。尚、二次電池を第2の充電電圧値まで充電し、この状態で二次電池を保存しておくことにより、二次電池にかかる負荷が低減され、二次電池の寿命短縮が抑制される。   As described above, according to the present invention, using a common charger, the secondary battery is charged to the first charging voltage value, and to the second charging voltage value lower than the first charging voltage value. It can be charged. In addition, by charging the secondary battery to the second charging voltage value and storing the secondary battery in this state, the load on the secondary battery is reduced and the shortening of the life of the secondary battery is suppressed. .

本発明の実施の形態における二次電池と充電器とのブロック図The block diagram of the secondary battery and charger in embodiment of this invention 同、充電器を用いて二次電池を充電する充電方法のフローチャートSame as above, a flowchart of a charging method for charging a secondary battery using a charger 同、充電方法の第1充電モードの充電時間と充電電圧および充電電流との関係を示すグラフThe graph which shows the relationship between the charge time of the 1st charge mode of a charge method, a charge voltage, and a charge current similarly 同、充電方法の第2充電モードの充電時間と充電電圧および充電電流との関係を示すグラフThe graph which shows the relationship between the charge time of the 2nd charge mode of a charge method, a charge voltage, and a charge current similarly

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1に示すように、10は電動自転車等に搭載されるリチウムイオン電池(二次電池の一例)である。このリチウムイオン電池10は複数のセルからなり、リチウムイオン電池10は例えばセル当り4.2Vの充電電圧上限値A(第1の充電電圧値の一例)を有している。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a lithium ion battery (an example of a secondary battery) mounted on an electric bicycle or the like. The lithium ion battery 10 includes a plurality of cells, and the lithium ion battery 10 has, for example, a charging voltage upper limit A (an example of a first charging voltage value) of 4.2 V per cell.

また、20はリチウムイオン電池10を充電する充電器である。充電器20には規定の出力電圧値Bと規定の出力電流値Cとが設定されている。規定の出力電圧値Bは、充電電圧上限値Aと同一の値であり、例えば4.2Vに設定されている。また、規定の出力電流値Cは例えば2Aに設定されている。   Reference numeral 20 denotes a charger for charging the lithium ion battery 10. A prescribed output voltage value B and a prescribed output current value C are set in the charger 20. The specified output voltage value B is the same value as the charging voltage upper limit value A, and is set to 4.2 V, for example. The prescribed output current value C is set to 2A, for example.

充電器20は、リチウムイオン電池10に対して、定電流充電(以下、CC充電と記載)と定電圧充電(以下、CV充電と記載)とを行うCC−CV充電実行部22と、低定電流充電(以下、低CC充電と記載)を行う低CC充電実行部23と、上記各充電実行部22,23による充電を停止する充電停止実行部24と、充電表示用LED25(充電表示手段の一例)と、電池電圧を検出する電池電圧検出部27と、上記各実行部22〜24と充電表示用LED25のオン・オフとを制御する制御部26を有している。   The charger 20 includes a CC-CV charge execution unit 22 that performs constant current charging (hereinafter referred to as CC charging) and constant voltage charging (hereinafter referred to as CV charging) to the lithium ion battery 10; A low CC charge execution unit 23 that performs current charging (hereinafter referred to as low CC charge), a charge stop execution unit 24 that stops charging by each of the charge execution units 22 and 23, and a charge display LED 25 (of charge display means) An example), a battery voltage detection unit 27 for detecting the battery voltage, and a control unit 26 for controlling each of the execution units 22 to 24 and the charging display LED 25 on / off.

リチウムイオン電池10は、電池電圧を検出する電池電圧検出部11と、充電電流を検出する充電電流検出部15と、充電モード選択ボタン12(充電モード選択手段の一例)と、上記充電モード選択ボタン12によって選択された充電モードを充電器20の制御部26に指示する充電モード指示部13と、充電モード表示用LED14(充電モード表示手段の一例)とを有している。   The lithium ion battery 10 includes a battery voltage detection unit 11 that detects a battery voltage, a charging current detection unit 15 that detects a charging current, a charging mode selection button 12 (an example of charging mode selection means), and the charging mode selection button. 12 includes a charging mode instructing unit 13 that instructs the control unit 26 of the charger 20 to select the charging mode selected by 12, and a charging mode display LED 14 (an example of charging mode display means).

充電モード選択ボタン12を押す毎に、充電電圧上限値Aまで充電される第1充電モードと、充電電圧上限値Aよりも低い所定の充電電圧値D(第2の充電電圧値の一例であり、例えば4.1V)まで充電される第2充電モードとに切換えられる。また、第1充電モードが選択されている場合、充電モード表示用LED14は消灯し、第2充電モードが選択されている場合、充電モード表示用LED14は点灯する。   Each time the charging mode selection button 12 is pressed, the first charging mode is charged to the charging voltage upper limit value A, and the predetermined charging voltage value D (second charging voltage value lower than the charging voltage upper limit value A is an example). , For example, 4.1V) is switched to the second charging mode. When the first charging mode is selected, the charging mode display LED 14 is turned off, and when the second charging mode is selected, the charging mode display LED 14 is lit.

リチウムイオン電池10の充電モード選択ボタン12により第1充電モードが選択された場合、第1充電モードが充電モード指示部13から充電器20の制御部26に指示され、制御部26はCC−CV充電実行部22と充電停止実行部24と充電表示用LED25とを制御する。   When the first charging mode is selected by the charging mode selection button 12 of the lithium ion battery 10, the first charging mode is instructed from the charging mode instructing unit 13 to the control unit 26 of the charger 20, and the control unit 26 performs CC-CV. The charge execution unit 22, the charge stop execution unit 24, and the charge display LED 25 are controlled.

また、リチウムイオン電池10の充電モード選択ボタン12により第2充電モードが選択された場合、第2充電モードが充電モード指示部13から充電器20の制御部26に指示され、制御部26はCC−CV充電実行部22と低CC充電実行部23と充電停止実行部24と充電表示用LED25とを制御する。   When the second charging mode is selected by the charging mode selection button 12 of the lithium ion battery 10, the second charging mode is instructed from the charging mode instruction unit 13 to the control unit 26 of the charger 20, and the control unit 26 Control the CV charge execution unit 22, the low CC charge execution unit 23, the charge stop execution unit 24, and the charge display LED 25.

以下に、上記充電器20を用いてリチウムイオン電池10を充電する充電方法を説明する。
図1に示すようにリチウムイオン電池10を充電器20に接続し、図2に示すように、リチウムイオン電池10を充電電圧上限値Aまで充電する場合、充電モード選択ボタン12により第1充電モードを選択する(ステップ−1)。これにより、充電モード表示用LED14が消灯し(ステップ−2)、図3に示すように、充電器20のCC−CV充電実行部22が規定の出力電流値C(例えば2A)でCC充電を行なう(ステップ−3)。
Below, the charging method which charges the lithium ion battery 10 using the said charger 20 is demonstrated.
When the lithium ion battery 10 is connected to the charger 20 as shown in FIG. 1 and the lithium ion battery 10 is charged to the charging voltage upper limit value A as shown in FIG. Is selected (step-1). As a result, the charging mode display LED 14 is turned off (step-2), and the CC-CV charging execution unit 22 of the charger 20 performs CC charging at a specified output current value C (for example, 2A) as shown in FIG. Perform (Step-3).

充電器20の電池電圧検出部27で検出される電池電圧が充電電圧上限値A(例えば4.2V)に達すると(ステップ−4)、CC充電からCV充電に切り替えられ(ステップ−5)、充電電圧上限値Aを超えないように電流を絞って、規定の出力電圧値B(例えば4.2V)でCV充電を行う。充電電流検出部15で検出される充電電流が規定の出力電流値Cよりも小さな所定の閾値E(例えば150mA)以下になると(ステップ−6)、充電停止実行部24が充電を停止する。   When the battery voltage detected by the battery voltage detector 27 of the charger 20 reaches a charging voltage upper limit A (for example, 4.2 V) (step-4), the CC charging is switched to the CV charging (step-5), The current is reduced so as not to exceed the charging voltage upper limit value A, and CV charging is performed at a specified output voltage value B (for example, 4.2 V). When the charging current detected by the charging current detection unit 15 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold E (eg, 150 mA) smaller than the specified output current value C (step-6), the charging stop execution unit 24 stops charging.

尚、上記のような第1充電モードにおいて、充電中は充電表示用LED25が点灯し、充電が停止すると充電表示用LED25が消灯する。
また、リチウムイオン電池10を充電電圧上限値Aよりも低い所定の充電電圧値Dまで充電する場合、充電モード選択ボタン12により第2充電モードを選択する(ステップ−1)。これにより、充電モード表示用LED14が点灯し(ステップ−7)、図4に示すように、充電器20のCC−CV充電実行部22が規定の出力電流値C(例えば2A)でCC充電を行なう(ステップ−8)。リチウムイオン電池10の電池電圧検出部11で検出される電池電圧が所定の充電電圧値D(例えば4.1V)に達すると(ステップ−9)、CC充電から低CC充電に切り替えられる(ステップ−10)。
In the first charging mode as described above, the charging display LED 25 is turned on during charging, and when charging is stopped, the charging display LED 25 is turned off.
When the lithium ion battery 10 is charged to a predetermined charging voltage value D lower than the charging voltage upper limit value A, the second charging mode is selected by the charging mode selection button 12 (step -1). As a result, the charging mode display LED 14 is turned on (step -7), and the CC-CV charging execution unit 22 of the charger 20 performs CC charging at a specified output current value C (for example, 2A) as shown in FIG. Perform (Step-8). When the battery voltage detected by the battery voltage detection unit 11 of the lithium ion battery 10 reaches a predetermined charging voltage value D (for example, 4.1 V) (step-9), the CC charging is switched to the low CC charging (step−). 10).

切り替え時、電池電圧は所定の充電電圧値Dよりも僅かに低下するが、充電器20の低CC充電実行部23が上記CC充電よりも小さい電流値F(例えば165mA)で低CC充電を行なうため、電池電圧は上昇する。この低CC充電過程において、リチウムイオン電池10の電池電圧検出部11で検出される電池電圧が所定の充電電圧値Dに達すると(ステップ−11)、充電停止実行部24が充電を停止する。   At the time of switching, the battery voltage is slightly lower than the predetermined charging voltage value D, but the low CC charging execution unit 23 of the charger 20 performs low CC charging with a current value F (for example, 165 mA) smaller than the CC charging. Therefore, the battery voltage rises. In this low CC charging process, when the battery voltage detected by the battery voltage detection unit 11 of the lithium ion battery 10 reaches a predetermined charging voltage value D (step-11), the charging stop execution unit 24 stops charging.

尚、上記のような第2充電モードにおいて、充電中は充電表示用LED25が点灯し、充電が停止すると充電表示用LED25が消灯する。
また、図3に示すように、第1充電モードにおいて充電開始時から充電完了時までの充電時間をTとすると、図4に示すように、第2充電モードにおいて、充電開始時から充電時間Tが経過したとき、充電表示用LED25を消灯してもよい。
In the second charging mode as described above, the charging display LED 25 is turned on during charging, and when charging is stopped, the charging display LED 25 is turned off.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, if the charging time from the start of charging to the completion of charging is T in the first charging mode, the charging time T from the start of charging in the second charging mode as shown in FIG. When the battery has elapsed, the charging display LED 25 may be turned off.

上記実施の形態では、二次電池の一例としてリチウムイオン電池を挙げたが、リチウムイオン電池以外のものであってもよい。
上記実施の形態中に記載された電圧や電流の数値は一例であり、これら各数値に限定されるものではない。
In the said embodiment, although the lithium ion battery was mentioned as an example of a secondary battery, things other than a lithium ion battery may be sufficient.
The numerical values of the voltage and current described in the above embodiment are examples, and are not limited to these numerical values.

本発明は、電動自転車以外の機器に搭載される電池の充電方法にも適用可能である。   The present invention is also applicable to a method for charging a battery mounted on a device other than an electric bicycle.

10 リチウムイオン電池(二次電池)
12 充電モード選択ボタン(充電モード選択手段)
20 充電器
A 充電電圧上限値(第1の充電電圧値)
B 規定の出力電圧値
C 規定の出力電流値
D 所定の充電電圧値(第2の充電電圧値)
E 所定の閾値
F 定電流充電よりも小さい電流値
10 Lithium ion battery (secondary battery)
12 Charging mode selection button (charging mode selection means)
20 Charger A Charge voltage upper limit (first charge voltage value)
B Specified output voltage value C Specified output current value D Predetermined charging voltage value (second charging voltage value)
E Predetermined threshold F Current value smaller than constant current charging

Claims (2)

充電器の規定の出力電圧値と同じ第1の充電電圧値で充電可能な二次電池を充電する充電方法であって、
二次電池を第1の充電電圧値まで充電する場合、充電器の規定の出力電流値で定電流充電を行い、電池電圧が第1の充電電圧値に達すると、定電流充電から定電圧充電に切り替え、上記規定の出力電圧値で定電圧充電を行い、充電電流が規定の出力電流値よりも小さな所定の閾値以下になると、充電を停止し、
二次電池を第1の充電電圧値よりも低い第2の充電電圧値まで充電する場合、充電器の規定の出力電流値で定電流充電を行い、電池電圧が第2の充電電圧値に達すると、定電流充電から低定電流充電に切り替え、上記定電流充電よりも小さい電流値で低定電流充電を行ない、この低定電流充電過程において、電池電圧が第2の充電電圧値に達すると、充電を停止することを特徴とする充電方法。
A charging method for charging a secondary battery that can be charged at the same first charging voltage value as a prescribed output voltage value of the charger,
When charging the secondary battery to the first charging voltage value, constant current charging is performed at the specified output current value of the charger, and when the battery voltage reaches the first charging voltage value, the constant current charging is performed from the constant current charging. Switch to, perform constant voltage charging at the specified output voltage value, stop charging when the charging current is below a predetermined threshold value smaller than the specified output current value,
When the secondary battery is charged to a second charging voltage value lower than the first charging voltage value, constant current charging is performed at a specified output current value of the charger, and the battery voltage reaches the second charging voltage value. Then, switching from constant current charging to low constant current charging, low constant current charging is performed at a current value smaller than the constant current charging, and when the battery voltage reaches the second charging voltage value in the low constant current charging process. A charging method characterized by stopping charging.
請求項1に記載の充電方法で充電可能な二次電池であって、
第1の充電電圧値まで充電される第1充電モードと第1の充電電圧値よりも低い第2の充電電圧値まで充電される第2充電モードとを選択する充電モード選択手段が設けられていることを特徴とする二次電池。
A rechargeable battery that can be charged by the charging method according to claim 1,
Charging mode selection means is provided for selecting a first charging mode for charging up to the first charging voltage value and a second charging mode for charging up to a second charging voltage value lower than the first charging voltage value. A secondary battery characterized by comprising:
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101479399B1 (en) 2013-04-30 2015-01-05 세방전지(주) Energy storage system capable of charging by one or more mode and control method thereof
CN104362402A (en) * 2014-09-19 2015-02-18 杭州浙畅电力设备有限公司 Stepped constant current charging-discharging method

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JPH09233707A (en) * 1996-02-21 1997-09-05 Ricoh Co Ltd Charging device
JP2008167642A (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-07-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Charging system, charging device, and battery pack

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09233707A (en) * 1996-02-21 1997-09-05 Ricoh Co Ltd Charging device
JP2008167642A (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-07-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Charging system, charging device, and battery pack

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101479399B1 (en) 2013-04-30 2015-01-05 세방전지(주) Energy storage system capable of charging by one or more mode and control method thereof
CN104362402A (en) * 2014-09-19 2015-02-18 杭州浙畅电力设备有限公司 Stepped constant current charging-discharging method

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