JP2011234565A - Non-contact power supply system - Google Patents

Non-contact power supply system Download PDF

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JP2011234565A
JP2011234565A JP2010104206A JP2010104206A JP2011234565A JP 2011234565 A JP2011234565 A JP 2011234565A JP 2010104206 A JP2010104206 A JP 2010104206A JP 2010104206 A JP2010104206 A JP 2010104206A JP 2011234565 A JP2011234565 A JP 2011234565A
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power
antenna
power transmission
switching element
circuit
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Naoki Ushiki
直樹 牛来
Hiroyuki Yamakawa
博幸 山川
Yasuo Ito
泰雄 伊藤
Satoshi Miyagi
慧 宮城
Toshio Nojima
俊雄 野島
Takashi Hikage
隆 日景
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Hokkaido University NUC
Equos Research Co Ltd
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Hokkaido University NUC
Equos Research Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/36—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a non-contact power supply system for reducing a switching loss of an amplifier that generates AC power.SOLUTION: A non-contact power supply system comprises a power reception antenna for receiving power and a power transmission antenna for transmitting power to the power reception antenna. When an AC power that vibrates with a resonance frequency is transmitted by electromagnetic coupling between antennas,the power transmission antenna allows the power to transmit through the resonance frequency of the antenna itself and reflects a harmonic wave of the resonance frequency onto the AC power driver. Consequently, a switching loss is reduced by alternating a short circuit state and an open state of the AC power driver load impedance between an odd-order harmonic wave and an even-order harmonic wave.

Description

本願に開示の技術は、電気エネルギーを動力源として利用する機器に非接触で給電する技術に関するものである。   The technology disclosed in the present application relates to a technology that supplies power to a device that uses electrical energy as a power source in a contactless manner.

近年、自動車車両の新たな走行駆動技術として、電気エネルギーを動力源として電動機により駆動力を発生する電気自動車や、内燃機関と電動機との補完により駆動力を発生する、いわゆるハイブリッド自動車車両の開発が進められ実用化されてきている。   In recent years, the development of so-called hybrid vehicle vehicles that generate driving force by complementing an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, and electric vehicles that generate driving force by an electric motor using electric energy as a power source, as a new driving technology for automobile vehicles. It has been advanced and put into practical use.

電気エネルギーは車両に搭載されている蓄電装置により車両内に蓄積される。蓄電装置にはニッケル水素電池やリチウムイオン電池などの再充電可能な二次電池が使用されており、二次電池への充電は車両外部の電源からの給電により行われることが一般的である。給電の方法として、車両外部の電源と二次電池を含む蓄電装置との間をケーブルで接続する場合の他、非接触状態で給電する方法が注目されている。   Electrical energy is stored in the vehicle by a power storage device mounted on the vehicle. A rechargeable secondary battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery is used for the power storage device, and charging to the secondary battery is generally performed by power supply from a power source outside the vehicle. As a power feeding method, attention is focused on a method of feeding power in a non-contact state in addition to a case where a power source outside the vehicle and a power storage device including a secondary battery are connected by a cable.

車両外部の電源から非接触状態で充電電力を電動車両へ送電するために、高周波電力ドライバと、一次コイルと、一次自己共振コイルとを備える車両用給電装置が開示されている。高周波電力ドライバにより電源からの電力が高周波電力に変換され、一次コイルによって一次自己共振コイルに与えられる。一次自己共振コイルは車両にある二次自己共振コイルとの間で磁気的に結合され、非接触状態で車両に電力が送電される（特許文献１）。   A vehicle power supply device including a high-frequency power driver, a primary coil, and a primary self-resonant coil is disclosed in order to transmit charging power from an external power source to the electric vehicle in a non-contact state. The power from the power source is converted into high frequency power by the high frequency power driver and is given to the primary self-resonant coil by the primary coil. The primary self-resonant coil is magnetically coupled with the secondary self-resonant coil in the vehicle, and electric power is transmitted to the vehicle in a non-contact state (Patent Document 1).

また、コイルまたはアンテナを利用して非接触給電を行う技術として、特許文献２、非特許文献１が開示されている。   Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 1 are disclosed as techniques for performing non-contact power feeding using a coil or an antenna.

特開２００９−１０６１３６号公報JP 2009-106136 A 特表２００９−５０１５１０号公報Special table 2009-501510

アリステディス カラリス（Aristeidis Karalis）、他２名、「エフィシェント ワイヤレス ノンラディエイティブ ミッドレンジ エネルギー トランスファ（Efficient wireless non-radiativemid-range energy transfer）」、[online]、2007年4月27日、アニュアル オブ フィジックス（Annals of Physics）323 (2008) p.34-48、[平成21年11月20日検索], インターネット＜URL:www.sciencedirect.com＞Aristeidis Karalis and two others, “Efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer”, [online], April 27, 2007, Annuals of Physics (Annals) of Physics) 323 (2008) p.34-48, [searched on November 20, 2009], Internet <URL: www.sciencedirect.com>

しかしながら、背景技術は、アンテナにより非接触状態で送電を行うための回路構成を例示するに過ぎない。回路構成の中で高周波の交流電力を発生させる増幅器について開示はない。該増幅器においてスイッチング動作によるスイッチング損失が大きい場合には消費電力が大きくなってしまい問題である。スイッチング損失とは、スイッチング時のスイッチング素子における電圧と電流の重なりによって生じる。これを低減するための１つの方法としてＦ級増幅器が知られている。しかしながら、従来から知られているＦ級増幅器の構成では、回路構成が複雑になり、回路規模が大きくなってしまう。そのため高価である。また、調整も複雑であるといった課題がある。   However, the background art only exemplifies a circuit configuration for performing power transmission in a non-contact state using an antenna. There is no disclosure of an amplifier that generates high-frequency AC power in a circuit configuration. When the switching loss due to the switching operation is large in the amplifier, the power consumption becomes large, which is a problem. Switching loss is caused by the overlap of voltage and current in the switching element during switching. A class F amplifier is known as one method for reducing this. However, the conventional class F amplifier configuration complicates the circuit configuration and increases the circuit scale. Therefore, it is expensive. There is also a problem that adjustment is complicated.

そこで、送信用および受信用のアンテナの周波数特性を調整し、高調波成分を交流電力ドライバに、また特に、交流電力ドライバ内に備えられたスイッチング素子に、反射させるような動作を持たせることにより、アンテナを含んだ系によりＦ級動作をさせる。偶数次高調波と奇数次高調波とで、スイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンス特性が、短絡と開放とで互いに異なる構成とする。   Therefore, by adjusting the frequency characteristics of the transmitting and receiving antennas, the harmonic component is made to reflect in the AC power driver, and in particular, the switching element provided in the AC power driver. The class F operation is performed by a system including an antenna. The even-order harmonics and the odd-order harmonics are configured so that the load impedance characteristics of the switching elements are different between short-circuit and open-circuit.

本願に開示される技術に係る非接触送電システムは、電気エネルギーを動力源として利用する機器に対して非接触状態で送電を行う非接触送電システムである。機器に搭載され、電磁的結合により受電する受電側アンテナと、受電側アンテナに対して電磁的結合により送電するともに高周波成分の高調波を交流電力ドライバ側に反射させる特性を有する送電側アンテナと、送電側アンテナに接続され、送電時に所定周波数の交流電力を供給する交流電力ドライバと、とを備えることを特徴とする。   The contactless power transmission system according to the technology disclosed in the present application is a contactless power transmission system that performs power transmission in a contactless manner to a device that uses electrical energy as a power source. A power receiving antenna mounted on the device and receiving power by electromagnetic coupling; a power transmitting antenna having a characteristic of transmitting power to the power receiving antenna by electromagnetic coupling and reflecting harmonics of high frequency components to the AC power driver side; And an AC power driver connected to the power transmission side antenna and supplying AC power of a predetermined frequency during power transmission.

本願に開示される技術に係る非接触送電システムによれば、送電側アンテナ及び受電側アンテナが有する共振周波数で交流電力ドライバから交流電力を供給するとともに、送電側アンテナと受電側アンテナとを含んだ系において周波数特性を調整して、高調波を交流電力ドライバ側に反射させる。これにより、交流電力ドライバに備えられたスイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスの短絡状態と開放状態とを、反射する奇数次高調波と偶数次高調波とで互いに異ならせてスイッチング損失の低減を図る、いわゆるＦ級増幅動作を行わせる。すなわち、送電側アンテナと充電側アンテナとを含んでＦ級増幅動作を行わせる。これにより、交流電力ドライバにおける電圧及び電流の時間波形が重なっていない状態を作り出すことができ交流電力ドライバで消費する電力を低減することができ、内部損失を抑えることで、効率よく電力を供給することができる。   According to the non-contact power transmission system according to the technology disclosed in the present application, the AC power is supplied from the AC power driver at the resonance frequency of the power transmission side antenna and the power reception side antenna, and the power transmission side antenna and the power reception side antenna are included. The frequency characteristics are adjusted in the system to reflect the harmonics to the AC power driver side. Thus, the short-circuit state and the open state of the load impedance of the switching element provided in the AC power driver are made different from each other between the odd-order harmonics and the even-order harmonics that are reflected, so that switching loss is reduced. Class amplification operation. That is, the class F amplification operation is performed including the power transmission side antenna and the charging side antenna. As a result, it is possible to create a state in which the time waveforms of voltage and current in the AC power driver do not overlap, reduce the power consumed by the AC power driver, and efficiently supply power by suppressing internal loss. be able to.

非接触送電システムを示す図である。It is a figure which shows a non-contact power transmission system. 送電装置の回路ブロック図である。It is a circuit block diagram of a power transmission device. 受電装置の回路ブロック図である。It is a circuit block diagram of a power receiving apparatus. アンテナの一例としてダイポールアンテナを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the dipole antenna as an example of an antenna. 図４に例示したアンテナの周波数特性を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating frequency characteristics of the antenna illustrated in FIG. 4. 第１の組み合わせ（２倍高調波に対して短絡、３倍高調波に対して開放）に対応するシミュレーションを行うための等価回路図を示す。The equivalent circuit diagram for performing the simulation corresponding to the 1st combination (short circuit with respect to a 2nd harmonic, and open with respect to a 3rd harmonic) is shown. 第２の組み合わせ（３倍高調波に対して開放）に対応するシミュレーションを行うための等価回路図を示す。The equivalent circuit diagram for performing the simulation corresponding to the 2nd combination (open | released with respect to a 3rd harmonic) is shown. 図６、７によるシミュレーション結果である。It is a simulation result by FIG. 送電装置の動作時のフローである。It is a flow at the time of operation | movement of a power transmission apparatus. 受電装置の動作時のフローである。It is a flow at the time of operation | movement of a power receiving apparatus. アンテナの一例として、円形パッチアンテナを示す図である。It is a figure which shows a circular patch antenna as an example of an antenna. 図１１に例示したアンテナの周波数特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the antenna illustrated in FIG.

図１は非接触送電システムを電気自動車あるいはハイブリッド自動車への送電に適用する場合のシステム構成図である。車両２が電気自動車あるいはハイブリッド自動車である。車両２が送電エリア１に入庫している状態を示す。送電エリア１には送電装置１０が埋設されており、車両２に搭載されている受電装置２０との間で、非接触送電が行われる。   FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram when a contactless power transmission system is applied to power transmission to an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. The vehicle 2 is an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. A state in which the vehicle 2 is in the power transmission area 1 is shown. A power transmission device 10 is embedded in the power transmission area 1, and non-contact power transmission is performed with the power reception device 20 mounted on the vehicle 2.

非接触送電では、送電装置１０の送電側アンテナ１１から受電装置２０の受電側アンテナ２１への電磁波による電磁的結合により電力の送電が行われる。送電側アンテナ１１は、送電エリア１の地表面に沿って、電磁的結合がなされる結合面１１Ａが配置される。受電側アンテナ２１は、車両２の下面に沿って、電磁的結合がなされる結合面２１Ａが配置される。送電側アンテナ１１は、所定周波数の交流電力を給電する交流電力ドライバを含む送電部１２により駆動される。送電部１２は制御回路１３により制御される。また、受電側アンテナ２１にて受電された交流電力は受電部２２により整流されて蓄電池等に蓄積される。受電部２２は制御回路２３により制御される。   In non-contact power transmission, power is transmitted by electromagnetic coupling by electromagnetic waves from the power transmission side antenna 11 of the power transmission device 10 to the power reception side antenna 21 of the power reception device 20. The power transmission antenna 11 has a coupling surface 11 </ b> A that is electromagnetically coupled along the ground surface of the power transmission area 1. The power receiving antenna 21 has a coupling surface 21 </ b> A that is electromagnetically coupled along the lower surface of the vehicle 2. The power transmission antenna 11 is driven by a power transmission unit 12 including an AC power driver that supplies AC power having a predetermined frequency. The power transmission unit 12 is controlled by the control circuit 13. Further, the AC power received by the power receiving antenna 21 is rectified by the power receiving unit 22 and stored in a storage battery or the like. The power receiving unit 22 is controlled by the control circuit 23.

図２は送電装置１０の回路ブロック図である。制御回路１３、発振器１４、駆動回路１２Ａ、整合回路１２Ｂ、定在波比（Ｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ Ｗａｖｅ Ｒａｔｉｏ、以下、ＳＷＲと略記する）計１２Ｃ、および送電側アンテナ１１を備える。更に、送電エリア１にはエリア内検出センサ１５を備える。   FIG. 2 is a circuit block diagram of the power transmission device 10. A control circuit 13, an oscillator 14, a drive circuit 12 </ b> A, a matching circuit 12 </ b> B, a standing wave ratio (hereinafter abbreviated as SWR) total 12 </ b> C, and a power transmission side antenna 11 are provided. Further, the power transmission area 1 includes an in-area detection sensor 15.

発振器１４から出力されるクロック信号は、制御回路１３へ入力され、制御回路１３内の動作クロックおよび駆動回路１２Ａの交流電力の給電などの周期制御に用いられる。   The clock signal output from the oscillator 14 is input to the control circuit 13 and used for period control such as feeding of the operation clock in the control circuit 13 and the AC power of the drive circuit 12A.

制御回路１３は、発振器１４、ＳＷＲ計１２Ｃ、エリア内検出センサ１５から受信した信号をもとに、駆動回路１２Ａ、整合回路１２Ｂを制御する。   The control circuit 13 controls the drive circuit 12A and the matching circuit 12B based on signals received from the oscillator 14, the SWR meter 12C, and the in-area detection sensor 15.

駆動回路１２Ａはインバータや増幅器などで構成される交流電力ドライバを含み、整合回路１２ＢおよびＳＷＲ計１２Ｃを通じて送電側アンテナ１１に交流電力を供給する。該交流電力は制御回路１３により所定周波数の交流電力として周期制御される。   The drive circuit 12A includes an AC power driver composed of an inverter, an amplifier, and the like, and supplies AC power to the power transmission side antenna 11 through the matching circuit 12B and the SWR meter 12C. The AC power is periodically controlled by the control circuit 13 as AC power having a predetermined frequency.

整合回路１２Ｂは、駆動回路１２Ａから供給される交流電力を送電側アンテナ１１へ効率よく供給するために、制御回路１３からの制御により、送電側アンテナ１１と駆動回路１２Ａとのインピーダンス整合をとる。   The matching circuit 12B performs impedance matching between the power transmission side antenna 11 and the drive circuit 12A under the control of the control circuit 13 in order to efficiently supply the AC power supplied from the drive circuit 12A to the power transmission side antenna 11.

ＳＷＲ計１２Ｃは駆動回路１２Ａから送電側アンテナ１１へと送られる交流電力についてのＳＷＲ値を計測し制御回路１３に結果を送信する。交流電力の伝搬による反射波の有無を検出する。   The SWR meter 12 </ b> C measures the SWR value for the AC power sent from the drive circuit 12 </ b> A to the power transmission side antenna 11 and transmits the result to the control circuit 13. The presence or absence of a reflected wave due to the propagation of AC power is detected.

送電側アンテナ１１はインダクタンス成分とキャパシタンス成分とを有するＬＣ共振コイルであり、後述する受電装置２０の受電側アンテナ２１との間で電磁的に結合され、受電側アンテナ２１へ電力を送電する。   The power transmission side antenna 11 is an LC resonance coil having an inductance component and a capacitance component, and is electromagnetically coupled to a power reception side antenna 21 of the power reception device 20 described later, and transmits power to the power reception side antenna 21.

エリア内センサ１５は送電エリア１に車両２が進入したか否かを検出し、その結果を制御回路１３に送信する。   The in-area sensor 15 detects whether or not the vehicle 2 has entered the power transmission area 1 and transmits the result to the control circuit 13.

図３は、受電装置２０の回路ブロック図である。受電装置２０は、制御回路２３、発振器２４、受電側アンテナ２１、受電検出回路２２Ａ、切替回路２２Ｂ、整合回路２２Ｃ、整流平滑回路２２Ｄ、および充電回路２２Ｅを備える。   FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram of the power receiving device 20. The power receiving device 20 includes a control circuit 23, an oscillator 24, a power receiving antenna 21, a power receiving detection circuit 22A, a switching circuit 22B, a matching circuit 22C, a rectifying / smoothing circuit 22D, and a charging circuit 22E.

発振器２４から出力されるクロック信号は、制御回路２３に入力され、制御回路２３内の動作クロックとして用いられる。   A clock signal output from the oscillator 24 is input to the control circuit 23 and used as an operation clock in the control circuit 23.

制御回路２３は、発振器２４、および受電検出回路２２Ａから受信した信号をもとに、切替回路２２Ｂ，および充電回路２２Ｅを制御する。   The control circuit 23 controls the switching circuit 22B and the charging circuit 22E based on the signals received from the oscillator 24 and the power reception detection circuit 22A.

受電検出回路２２Ａは、例えば、電流センサを備え、受電側アンテナ２１に流れる電流を検出する。送電装置１０からの交流電力の送電が行われているか否かを検出する。   The power reception detection circuit 22A includes, for example, a current sensor, and detects a current flowing through the power reception antenna 21. It is detected whether or not AC power is being transmitted from the power transmission device 10.

切替回路２２Ｂは、制御回路２３から受信した信号により、受電側アンテナ２１を閉ループ状態にするか、充電回路２２Ｅに接続するか、開ループ状態にするかを切替える。   Based on the signal received from the control circuit 23, the switching circuit 22B switches whether the power receiving antenna 21 is in a closed loop state, connected to the charging circuit 22E, or in an open loop state.

整合回路２２Ｃは、受電側アンテナ２１に受電された交流電力が反射されずに整流平滑回路２２Ｄを通じて充電回路２２Ｅへと供給されるように、受電側アンテナ２１から整流平滑回路２２Ｄに至る系のインピーダンス整合をとる。   The matching circuit 22C has a system impedance from the power receiving side antenna 21 to the rectifying / smoothing circuit 22D so that the AC power received by the power receiving side antenna 21 is not reflected and supplied to the charging circuit 22E through the rectifying / smoothing circuit 22D. Align.

整流平滑回路２２Ｄは、受電側アンテナ２１から供給される交流電力を直流電力に変換および平滑化し、充電回路２２Ｅに供給する。   The rectifying / smoothing circuit 22D converts and smoothes the AC power supplied from the power receiving antenna 21 into DC power, and supplies the DC power to the charging circuit 22E.

充電回路２２Ｅは、整流平滑回路２２Ｄから供給される電力をバッテリー等の蓄電装置（不図示）に充電する回路である。ここで、蓄電装置とは、たとえばリチウムイオンやニッケル水素などの二次電池や大容量のキャパシタから成る。制御回路２３から制御され充電制御を行う。   The charging circuit 22E is a circuit that charges the power supplied from the rectifying / smoothing circuit 22D to a power storage device (not shown) such as a battery. Here, the power storage device includes, for example, a secondary battery such as lithium ion or nickel metal hydride or a large capacity capacitor. It is controlled by the control circuit 23 and performs charge control.

受電側アンテナ２１は、インダクタ成分とキャパシタンス成分とを有するＬＣ共振コイルであり、送電側アンテナ１１との間で電磁的に結合され、送電側アンテナ１１より交流電力を受電する。   The power reception side antenna 21 is an LC resonance coil having an inductor component and a capacitance component, and is electromagnetically coupled to the power transmission side antenna 11 to receive AC power from the power transmission side antenna 11.

送電側アンテナ１１は、駆動回路１２Ａより周期的に矩形波状にスイッチングされる交流電力を送電側アンテナ１１に出力する。スイッチングの周波数が共振周波数（Ｆ＝Ｆ０）である。送電側アンテナ１１は受電側アンテナ２１と電磁的に結合して共振周波数の基本波を受電側アンテナ２１に透過させると共に、矩形波状にスイッチングすることに伴って発生する高調波成分を駆動回路１２Ａ側に反射させる特性を有している。この特性は、送電装置１０と受電側アンテナ２１とを含む回路の周波数特性を調整することにより得られる。   The power transmission side antenna 11 outputs AC power that is periodically switched to a rectangular wave shape from the drive circuit 12 </ b> A to the power transmission side antenna 11. The switching frequency is the resonance frequency (F = F0). The power transmission side antenna 11 is electromagnetically coupled to the power reception side antenna 21 to transmit the fundamental wave of the resonance frequency to the power reception side antenna 21 and also generates harmonic components generated by switching to a rectangular wave shape on the side of the drive circuit 12A. It has the property of reflecting. This characteristic is obtained by adjusting the frequency characteristic of a circuit including the power transmission device 10 and the power receiving antenna 21.

ここで、駆動回路１２Ａに備えられるスイッチング素子では、その負荷インピーダンスが、偶数次高調波に対し短絡であり奇数次高調波に対し開放である負荷特性、またはその逆である、偶数次高調波に対し開放であり奇数次高調波に対し短絡である負荷特性を有する。   Here, in the switching element provided in the drive circuit 12A, the load impedance is a short circuit with respect to the even-order harmonics and a load characteristic that is open with respect to the odd-order harmonics, or vice versa. On the other hand, it has a load characteristic that is open and short-circuited with respect to odd harmonics.

送電装置１０と受電側アンテナ２１とを含む回路の周波数特性および駆動回路１２Ａのスイッチング素子におけるインピーダンス特性の組み合わせは以下の場合が考えられる。   The combinations of the frequency characteristics of the circuit including the power transmission device 10 and the power receiving antenna 21 and the impedance characteristics of the switching element of the drive circuit 12A are considered as follows.

第１の組み合わせは、スイッチング素子において、偶数次高調波（特に２倍波）に対して短絡、且つ奇数次高調波（特に３倍波）に対して開放となるインピーダンス特性である。送電側アンテナ１１または／および受電側アンテナ２１のパラメータを調整することにより、この特性を得ることができる。スイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスを短絡、あるいは開放のいずれか適切な設定になるようにアンテナ形状を決定すればよい。   The first combination is an impedance characteristic that is short-circuited with respect to even-order harmonics (especially the second harmonic) and open with respect to odd-order harmonics (especially the third harmonic) in the switching element. This characteristic can be obtained by adjusting the parameters of the power transmission side antenna 11 and / or the power reception side antenna 21. The antenna shape may be determined so that the load impedance of the switching element is appropriately set to either short circuit or open circuit.

第１の組み合わせを実施すると、駆動回路１２Ａのスイッチング素子における電圧の時間波形は、共振周波数である基本波と奇数次高調波成分を主たる波形成分とする矩形波で表され、また電流の時間波形は、共振周波数である基本波と偶数次高調波成分を主たる波形成分とする半波形で表される。その結果、電圧および電流の時間波形が重ならない状態を作り出すことができ、スイッチング損失による消費電力を低減することができる。駆動回路１２Ａの損失を抑えることができる。スイッチング素子における電圧波形と電流波形との重なりが低減しスイッチング損失が低減して送電効率が向上する。   When the first combination is implemented, the time waveform of the voltage in the switching element of the drive circuit 12A is represented by a rectangular wave having a fundamental wave that is a resonance frequency and an odd-order harmonic component as main waveform components, and a time waveform of the current. Is represented by a half waveform having a fundamental wave as a resonance frequency and even harmonic components as main waveform components. As a result, a state where voltage and current time waveforms do not overlap can be created, and power consumption due to switching loss can be reduced. Loss of the drive circuit 12A can be suppressed. The overlapping of the voltage waveform and the current waveform in the switching element is reduced, the switching loss is reduced, and the power transmission efficiency is improved.

第２の組み合わせは、スイッチング素子において、奇数次高調波（特に３倍高調波）に対して開放となるインピーダンス特性である。送信側アンテナ１１または／および受電側アンテナ２１のパラメータを調整することにより、この特性を得ることができる。スイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスを奇数次高調波（特に３倍高調波）に対して開放になるようにアンテナ形状を決定すればよい。   The second combination is an impedance characteristic that is open to odd harmonics (particularly third harmonics) in the switching element. This characteristic can be obtained by adjusting the parameters of the transmitting antenna 11 and / or the power receiving antenna 21. What is necessary is just to determine an antenna shape so that the load impedance of a switching element may become open | released with respect to odd-order harmonics (especially 3rd harmonic).

第２の組み合わせを実施すると、駆動回路１２Ａのスイッチング素子における電圧の時間波形は、共振周波数である基本波と奇数次高調波成分を主たる波形成分とする半波形で表され、また電流の時間波形は、共振周波数である基本波を主たる波形成分とする矩形波で表せる。その結果、電圧及び電流の時間波形が重ならない状態を作り出すことができ、スイッチング損失による消費電力を低減することができる。駆動回路１２Ａの損失を抑えることができる。スイッチング素子における電圧波形と電流波形との重なりが低減しスイッチング損失が低減して送電効率が向上する。   When the second combination is implemented, the time waveform of the voltage in the switching element of the drive circuit 12A is represented by a half waveform having a fundamental wave that is a resonance frequency and an odd-order harmonic component as main waveform components, and a time waveform of current. Can be represented by a rectangular wave having a fundamental wave as a resonance frequency as a main waveform component. As a result, a state where voltage and current time waveforms do not overlap can be created, and power consumption due to switching loss can be reduced. Loss of the drive circuit 12A can be suppressed. The overlapping of the voltage waveform and the current waveform in the switching element is reduced, the switching loss is reduced, and the power transmission efficiency is improved.

第３の組み合わせは、スイッチング素子において、偶数次高調波（特に２倍高調波）に対して開放、且つ奇数次高調波（特に３倍高調波）に対して短絡となるインピーダンス特性である。送信側アンテナ１１または／および受電側アンテナ２１のパラメータを調整することにより、この特性を得ることができる。スイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスを偶数次高調波（特に２倍高調波）に対して開放、且つ奇数次高調波（特に３倍高調波）に対して短絡になるようにアンテナ形状を決定すればよい。   The third combination is an impedance characteristic that is open to the even-order harmonics (particularly the second harmonic) and short-circuited to the odd-order harmonics (particularly the third harmonic) in the switching element. This characteristic can be obtained by adjusting the parameters of the transmitting antenna 11 and / or the power receiving antenna 21. The antenna shape may be determined so that the load impedance of the switching element is open to even-order harmonics (particularly the second harmonic) and short-circuited to odd-order harmonics (particularly the third harmonic).

第３の組み合わせを実施すると、駆動回路１２Ａのスイッチング素子における電圧の時間波形は、共振周波数である基本波と偶数次高調波成分を主たる波形成分とする半波形で表され、また電流の時間波形は、共振周波数である基本波と奇数次高調波成分を主たる波形成分とする矩形波で表される。その結果、電圧及び電流の時間波形が重ならない状態を作り出すことができ、スイッチング損失による消費電力を低減することができる。駆動回路１２Ａの損失を抑えることができる。スイッチング素子における電圧波形と電流波形との重なりが低減しスイッチング損失が低減して送電効率が向上する。   When the third combination is implemented, the time waveform of the voltage in the switching element of the drive circuit 12A is represented by a half waveform having a fundamental wave as the resonance frequency and an even harmonic component as the main waveform components, and a time waveform of the current. Is represented by a rectangular wave having a fundamental wave as a resonance frequency and an odd-order harmonic component as main waveform components. As a result, a state where voltage and current time waveforms do not overlap can be created, and power consumption due to switching loss can be reduced. Loss of the drive circuit 12A can be suppressed. The overlapping of the voltage waveform and the current waveform in the switching element is reduced, the switching loss is reduced, and the power transmission efficiency is improved.

第４の組み合わせは、スイッチング素子において、偶数次高調波（特に２倍高調波）に対して開放となるインピーダンス特性である。送電側アンテナ１１または／および受電側アンテナ２１のパラメータを調整することにより、この特性を得ることができる。スイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスを偶数次高調波（特に２倍高調波）に対して開放になるようにアンテナ形状を決定すればよい。   The fourth combination is an impedance characteristic that is open to even-order harmonics (particularly the second harmonic) in the switching element. This characteristic can be obtained by adjusting the parameters of the power transmission side antenna 11 and / or the power reception side antenna 21. What is necessary is just to determine an antenna shape so that the load impedance of a switching element may become open | released with respect to an even-order harmonic (especially 2nd harmonic).

第４の組み合わせを実施すると、駆動回路１２Ａのスイッチング素子における電圧の時間波形は、共振周波数である基本波と偶数次高調波成分を主たる波形成分とする矩形波で表され、また電流の時間波形は、共振周波数である基本波を主たる波形成分とする半波形で表される。その結果、電圧および電流の時間波形が重ならない状態を作り出すことができ、スイッチング損失による消費電力を低減することができる。駆動回路１２Ａの損失を抑えることができる。スイッチング素子における電圧波形と電流波形との重なりが低減しスイッチング損失が低減して送電効率が向上する。   When the fourth combination is performed, the time waveform of the voltage in the switching element of the drive circuit 12A is represented by a rectangular wave having a fundamental wave that is a resonance frequency and an even-order harmonic component as main waveform components, and a time waveform of the current. Is represented by a half waveform having a fundamental wave as a resonance frequency as a main waveform component. As a result, a state where voltage and current time waveforms do not overlap can be created, and power consumption due to switching loss can be reduced. Loss of the drive circuit 12A can be suppressed. The overlapping of the voltage waveform and the current waveform in the switching element is reduced, the switching loss is reduced, and the power transmission efficiency is improved.

図４に示すように送電側と受電側でダイポールアンテナを用いる場合を例示する。送電側アンテナ１１の長さ（ｌｓ）をλ／６４，受電側アンテナ２１の長さ（ｌｒ）をλ／１２８とし、アンテナ間の距離（ｄ）を２ｍとした場合である。尚、送電側アンテナ１１の中点、および受電側アンテナ２１の中点が、各々、給電点１１Ａ、２１Ａである。   A case where dipole antennas are used on the power transmission side and the power reception side as illustrated in FIG. 4 is illustrated. This is a case where the length (ls) of the power transmission side antenna 11 is λ / 64, the length (lr) of the power reception side antenna 21 is λ / 128, and the distance (d) between the antennas is 2 m. Note that the midpoint of the power transmission side antenna 11 and the midpoint of the power reception side antenna 21 are feed points 11A and 21A, respectively.

図４に例示した構成では、図５に示すように２倍高調波が反射される。ここで、λは基本波の波長、導線の半径は２ｍｍとしている。
図１１に例示した構成では、図１２の実線に示すように２倍高調波と３倍高調波が反射される。ここではρ０／ａ＝０．４、Φｓ＝１５０°である。また図１２点線は、スリットのない場合を示している。
図１１に示すように送電側と受電側ともに同じ形状の円形パッチアンテナを用いる場合を例示する。円形パッチアンテナ（半径ａ）には、２つのスリットを入れることで望む特性が得られる。 In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 4, the second harmonic is reflected as shown in FIG. Here, λ is the wavelength of the fundamental wave, and the radius of the conducting wire is 2 mm.
In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 11, the second harmonic and the third harmonic are reflected as indicated by the solid line in FIG. Here, ρ0 / a = 0.4 and Φs = 150 °. Moreover, the dotted line in FIG. 12 shows the case where there is no slit.
As shown in FIG. 11, a case where circular patch antennas having the same shape are used on both the power transmission side and the power reception side is illustrated. The circular patch antenna (radius a) has the desired characteristics by inserting two slits.

図６に、２倍高調波に対して短絡であり３倍高調波に対して開放である第１の組み合わせに対応するシミュレーションを行うための等価回路図を示す。また、図７に、３倍高調波に対して開放である第２の組み合わせに対応するシミュレーションを行うための等価回路図を示す。また、図６、７には、シミュレーションに必要なその他のパラメータも合わせて記載する。   FIG. 6 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for performing a simulation corresponding to the first combination that is short-circuited with respect to the second harmonic and open with respect to the third harmonic. FIG. 7 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for performing a simulation corresponding to the second combination that is open to the third harmonic. 6 and 7 also describe other parameters necessary for the simulation.

図８にシミュレーション結果を示す。第１の組み合わせ、および第２の組み合わせにおいて損失が低減され効率が向上することが判った。   FIG. 8 shows the simulation result. It has been found that the loss is reduced and the efficiency is improved in the first combination and the second combination.

次に、送電装置１０と受電装置２０の動きについてフローチャートを用いて説明する。   Next, movements of the power transmission device 10 and the power reception device 20 will be described using flowcharts.

送電装置１０の動作時のフローチャートを図９に示す。送電装置１０の動作開始（ＳＴ０）後、送電装置１０はエリア内検出センサ１５により受電装置２０の進入が検知されるまで待機する（ＳＴ２）。エリア内検出センサ１５により受電装置２０の進入を検出されるまで待機し、受電装置２０の進入を検出した後、周波数走査及び送電を行うことで、消費電力を低減することが可能となる。   FIG. 9 shows a flowchart when the power transmission device 10 operates. After the operation start of the power transmission device 10 (ST0), the power transmission device 10 waits until the in-area detection sensor 15 detects the entry of the power reception device 20 (ST2). It is possible to reduce power consumption by performing frequency scanning and power transmission after waiting for the in-area detection sensor 15 to detect the entry of the power receiving device 20 and detecting the entry of the power receiving device 20.

エリア内検出センサ１５により受電装置２０の進入が検知された後、駆動回路１２Ａは受電側の受電側アンテナ２１に電流が流れる程度の低電力で電流を出力し始め（ＳＴ４）、受電装置の準備が整うまで（ＳＴ６：Ｎｏ）まで低電力での出力を維持する。これにより、消費電力を低減することが可能となる。   After the in-area detection sensor 15 detects the entry of the power receiving device 20, the drive circuit 12A starts outputting current with low power that allows current to flow through the power receiving side antenna 21 on the power receiving side (ST4), and preparation of the power receiving device The output at low power is maintained until the time is satisfied (ST6: No). Thereby, power consumption can be reduced.

この間、制御回路１３は、交流電力の周波数が、送電側アンテナ１１あるいは受電側アンテナ２１が有する固有の共振周波数（ｆ＝ｆ０＝１／２π（ＬＣ）１／２）となるように、駆動回路１２Ａを制御する。 During this time, the control circuit 13 is configured so that the frequency of the AC power becomes a specific resonance frequency (f = f0 = 1 / 2π (LC) 1/2 ) that the power transmission side antenna 11 or the power reception side antenna 21 has. 12A is controlled.

受電装置の準備が整うと（ＳＴ６：Ｙｅｓ）、送電装置１０から受電装置２０に送電を行うため、駆動回路１２Ａは制御回路１３の制御により、出力を増大させる（ＳＴ８）。
ここで、受電装置の準備が整うことの確認は、受電装置２０において受電側アンテナ２１と充電回路２２Ｅとを接続することに伴い送電される電力量が増加することを捉えて確認される。例えば、電流増大を検出することで確認される。 When the power receiving device is ready (ST6: Yes), in order to transmit power from the power transmitting device 10 to the power receiving device 20, the drive circuit 12A increases the output under the control of the control circuit 13 (ST8).
Here, the confirmation that the power receiving device is ready is confirmed by capturing that the amount of transmitted power increases as the power receiving device 20 connects the power receiving antenna 21 and the charging circuit 22E. For example, it is confirmed by detecting an increase in current.

受電装置２０は、充電回路２２Ｅへの充電が終わると受電側アンテナ２１のループを開く。これにより、送電装置１０のＳＷＲ計１２Ｃにより計測されるＳＷＲ値が変化する。これにより、受電装置２０において充電回路２２Ｅへの充電が完了されたことが検出され、送電装置１０は充電終了を検知する（ＳＴ１０：Ｙｅｓ）。充電終了を検知した送電装置１０の制御回路１３は駆動回路１２Ａの出力を停止させる（ＳＴ１２）。送電装置１０は動作を終了する（ＳＴ１４）。   The power receiving device 20 opens the loop of the power receiving antenna 21 when the charging of the charging circuit 22E is completed. As a result, the SWR value measured by the SWR meter 12C of the power transmission device 10 changes. Thereby, it is detected that the charging to the charging circuit 22E is completed in the power receiving device 20, and the power transmitting device 10 detects the end of charging (ST10: Yes). The control circuit 13 of the power transmission device 10 that has detected the end of charging stops the output of the drive circuit 12A (ST12). The power transmission device 10 ends the operation (ST14).

次に受電装置２０の動作時のフローチャートを図１０に示す。動作開始（ＳＲ０）時において受電装置２０の切替回路２２Ｂは受電側アンテナ２１を閉ループ状態にするように接続する（ＳＲ２）。これにより、充電回路２２Ｅに接続した場合に比べて、負荷が下がり、消費電力を低減することができる。受電検出回路２２Ａは送電装置１０から電力が供給され受電側アンテナ２１に電力が流れるまで待機する（ＳＲ４）。   Next, a flowchart of the operation of the power receiving device 20 is shown in FIG. At the start of operation (SR0), the switching circuit 22B of the power receiving device 20 is connected so as to place the power receiving antenna 21 in a closed loop state (SR2). Thereby, compared with the case where it connects to the charging circuit 22E, a load falls and it can reduce power consumption. The power reception detection circuit 22A waits until power is supplied from the power transmission device 10 and power flows to the power receiving antenna 21 (SR4).

受電側アンテナ２１に電力が流れた後、即ち、送電装置１０が存在することを確認できた後、受電側アンテナ２１から充電回路２２Ｅまでを接続するように、受電装置２０の制御回路２３は切替回路２２Ｂを制御する（ＳＲ６）。   After power flows into the power receiving antenna 21, that is, after confirming that the power transmitting device 10 exists, the control circuit 23 of the power receiving device 20 is switched so as to connect from the power receiving antenna 21 to the charging circuit 22E. The circuit 22B is controlled (SR6).

これにより、受電側アンテナ２１に接続された充電回路２２Ｅはバッテリーの充電を開始する（ＳＲ８）。バッテリーの充電が終了するまで以上の状態が保持される（ＳＲ１０：Ｎｏ）。バッテリーの充電が終了すると（ＳＲ１０：Ｙｅｓ）、制御回路２３は切替回路２２Ｂを制御し、受電側アンテナ２１と充電回路２２Ｅの接続を切断した上で、受電側アンテナ２１のループを開く（ＳＲ１２）。これにより、受電終了後の電力消費を低減することができる。受電装置２０は動作を終了する（ＳＲ１４）。   As a result, the charging circuit 22E connected to the power receiving antenna 21 starts charging the battery (SR8). The above state is maintained until the charging of the battery is completed (SR10: No). When the charging of the battery is completed (SR10: Yes), the control circuit 23 controls the switching circuit 22B, disconnects the connection between the power receiving side antenna 21 and the charging circuit 22E, and opens the loop of the power receiving side antenna 21 (SR12). . Thereby, the power consumption after the end of power reception can be reduced. The power receiving apparatus 20 ends the operation (SR14).

送電可能エリア内に受電側アンテナが存在すると判断された場合には、駆動回路１２Ａの出力する交流電力の出力周波数Ｆを共振周波数Ｆ０とすることで効率よく電力を供給できる。   When it is determined that the power receiving side antenna exists in the power transmission possible area, the power can be efficiently supplied by setting the output frequency F of the AC power output from the drive circuit 12A to the resonance frequency F0.

また送電側アンテナまたは／および受電側アンテナが、発生する高調波成分（特に２倍高調波と３倍高調波）を反射する特性を持ち、且つスイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスの短絡と開放の状態が、偶数次高調波（特に２倍高調波）および奇数次高調波（特に３倍高調波）の各々に対して互いに逆特性とすることで、駆動回路１２Ａのスイッチング損失を低減することができる。   Moreover, the power transmission side antenna and / or the power receiving side antenna has a characteristic of reflecting the generated harmonic components (particularly the second harmonic and the third harmonic), and the state of short-circuiting and opening of the load impedance of the switching element is The switching loss of the drive circuit 12A can be reduced by making the characteristics opposite to each other of the even-order harmonics (particularly the second harmonic) and the odd-order harmonics (particularly the third harmonic).

ここで、駆動回路１２Ａは交流電力ドライバの一例であり、ＳＷＲ計１２Ｃは反射特性を検出する検出回路の一例である。   Here, the drive circuit 12A is an example of an AC power driver, and the SWR meter 12C is an example of a detection circuit that detects reflection characteristics.

尚、本発明は前記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内での種々の改良、変更が可能であることは言うまでもない。
電気エネルギーを動力源として利用する機器は、本願の実施例における車両でなくとも良く、例えば、携帯電話機、デジタル・カメラ、およびノート・パソコンといった携帯型機器、ならびに、テレビ、ホームシアターおよびデジタル・フォト・フレームといった据え置き型機器でもよい。
反射特性を検出する検出回路は、本願の実施例におけるＳＷＲ計でなくとも良く、例えば、送電部１２から送電側アンテナ１１へと供給される電流量を計測する回路や供給される電圧の波形を計測する回路など、交流電力の反射の多少を検出することができるものであればよい。 Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The device using electric energy as a power source does not have to be the vehicle in the embodiment of the present application. For example, portable devices such as a mobile phone, a digital camera, and a laptop computer, and a television, a home theater, and a digital photo A stationary device such as a frame may be used.
The detection circuit for detecting the reflection characteristics may not be the SWR meter in the embodiment of the present application. For example, a circuit for measuring the amount of current supplied from the power transmission unit 12 to the power transmission side antenna 11 or a waveform of the supplied voltage is used. Any circuit that can detect the amount of reflection of AC power, such as a circuit to be measured, may be used.

１ 送電エリア
２ 車両
１０ 送電装置
１１ 送電側アンテナ
１１Ａ 結合面
１２ 送電部
１３、２３ 制御回路
１２Ａ 駆動回路
１２Ｂ 整合回路
１２Ｃ 定在波比（ＳＷＲ）計
１４、２４ 発振器
１５ エリア内検出センサ
２０ 受電装置
２１ 受電側アンテナ
２１Ａ 結合面
２２ 受電部
２２Ａ 受電検出回路
２２Ｂ 切替回路
２２Ｃ 整合回路
２２Ｄ 整流平滑回路
２２Ｅ 充電回路
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power transmission area 2 Vehicle 10 Power transmission apparatus 11 Power transmission side antenna 11A Coupling surface 12 Power transmission part 13, 23 Control circuit 12A Drive circuit 12B Matching circuit 12C Standing wave ratio (SWR) meter 14, 24 Oscillator 15 In-area detection sensor 20 Power receiving apparatus 21 receiving side antenna 21A coupling surface 22 receiving unit 22A receiving detection circuit 22B switching circuit 22C matching circuit 22D rectification smoothing circuit 22E charging circuit

Claims (7)

電気エネルギーを動力源として利用する機器に対して非接触状態で送電を行う非接触送電システムであって、
前記機器に搭載され、電磁的結合により受電する受電側アンテナと、
前記受電側アンテナに対して前記電磁的結合により送電する送電側アンテナと、
前記送電側アンテナに接続され、前記送電側アンテナから前記受電側アンテナへアンテナ自身が有する共振周波数に合わせるように交流電力を前記送電側アンテナに供給する交流電力ドライバとを備え、
少なくとも前記送電側アンテナはアンテナ自身が有する共振周波数の基本波を透過し且つ共振周波数の高調波を前記交流電力ドライバ側に反射させる特性を有することを特徴とする非接触給電システム。 A non-contact power transmission system that transmits power in a non-contact state to a device that uses electrical energy as a power source,
A power receiving antenna mounted on the device and receiving power by electromagnetic coupling;
A power transmission side antenna for transmitting power by the electromagnetic coupling to the power reception side antenna;
An AC power driver connected to the power transmission side antenna and supplying AC power to the power transmission side antenna so as to match the resonance frequency of the antenna itself from the power transmission side antenna to the power reception side antenna;
At least the power transmission side antenna has a characteristic of transmitting a fundamental wave of a resonance frequency of the antenna itself and reflecting a harmonic of the resonance frequency to the AC power driver side. 前記交流電力ドライバはスイッチング素子を備え、該スイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスが、反射された偶数次高調波に対して短絡、且つ奇数次高調波に対して開放となるインピーダンス特性を有することを特徴とする請求項１記載の非接触給電システム。   The AC power driver includes a switching element, and the load impedance of the switching element has an impedance characteristic that is short-circuited to the reflected even-order harmonic and open to the odd-order harmonic. The contactless power feeding system according to claim 1. 前記交流電力ドライバはスイッチング素子を備え、該スイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスが、反射された奇数次高調波に対して開放となるインピーダンス特性を有することを特徴とする請求項１記載の非接触給電システム。   The contactless power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the AC power driver includes a switching element, and the load impedance of the switching element has an impedance characteristic that is open to the reflected odd harmonics. 前記交流電力ドライバはスイッチング素子を備え、該スイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスが、偶数次高調波に対して開放、且つ奇数次高調波に対して短絡となるインピーダンス特性を有することを特徴とする請求項１記載の非接触給電システム。   The AC power driver includes a switching element, and the load impedance of the switching element has an impedance characteristic that is open to an even-order harmonic and short-circuited to an odd-order harmonic. The non-contact power feeding system described. 前記交流電力ドライバはスイッチング素子を備え、該スイッチング素子の負荷インピーダンスが、偶数次高調波に対して開放になるインピーダンス特性を有することを特徴とする請求項１記載の非接触給電システム。   The contactless power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the AC power driver includes a switching element, and the load impedance of the switching element has an impedance characteristic that is open to even harmonics. 前記機器が送電可能エリア内に進入したことを検出するエリア内検出センサを備え、
前記機器が送電側アンテナの送電可能エリア内に進入したことを検出した場合に電力供給を開始することを特徴とする請求項１乃至５の少なくとも何れか１項に記載の非接触送電システム。 An in-area detection sensor for detecting that the device has entered the power transmission possible area,
6. The contactless power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein power supply is started when it is detected that the device has entered a power transmission area of a power transmission antenna. 6. 前記受電側アンテナの接続先を切り替える切替回路を備え、
前記切替回路は、受電終了時に前記受電側アンテナを負荷の含まない開ループとすることを特徴とする請求項１乃至６の少なくとも何れか１項に記載の非接触送電システム。
A switching circuit for switching the connection destination of the power receiving antenna;
The contactless power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the switching circuit sets the power receiving antenna to an open loop that does not include a load when power reception ends.
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