JP2011217562A - Regenerative braking informing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To promote improvement of a vehicle driver's operation and to improve fuel consumption and power consumption.SOLUTION: A regenerative braking informing device 100 is mounted on the vehicle 1 equipped with rotary electric machines MG 1, MG 2. The regenerative braking informing device has a regeneration amount calculating means 20 for calculating a regeneration amount to time axis when the vehicle is braked, and an information means 30 which informs the contents for correcting the operation of the driver, to the driver based on the actual regeneration amount to the time axis due to the operation of the driver of the vehicle and the calculated regeneration amount. Since the degree of difference between the actual regeneration amount and the calculated regeneration amount is informed in time series by the information means, the driver can recognize relatively easily how an improvement of the operation must be performed, for example, in each of initial intermediate and last stages of braking operation.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technical field of a regenerative braking notification device that notifies a driver of a vehicle, such as an automobile, having a rotating electrical machine, information related to regenerative control.

  As this type of device, for example, by comparing a plurality of driving information of a vehicle and a plurality of reference values set corresponding to the plurality of driving information, at least the degree of influence on the environment or the degree of safe driving A device is proposed that objectively evaluates the good condition of the driving state including the above, notifies the driver of the evaluation result, and displays driving guidance information for a specific driving state (see Patent Document 1).

  Alternatively, a device is proposed in which the difference between the ideal regenerative braking power and the actual regenerative braking power determined based on the actually generated regenerative braking power, the maximum value of the regenerative braking power, and the brake operation amount is shown in the same bar graph. (See Patent Document 2).

  Alternatively, based on the current position of the vehicle, the map information of the required deceleration point located in the traveling direction of the vehicle is extracted, the target vehicle speed at the extracted required deceleration point is set, and the set target speed is determined from the current vehicle speed. Calculate the deceleration distance required when decelerating to the vehicle speed with the regenerative brake, and start the brake operation when the vehicle reaches a point located before the calculated deceleration distance from the required deceleration point Thus, an apparatus for guiding the driver has been proposed (see Patent Document 3).

JP 2000-247162 A JP 2009-189074 A JP 2007-221889 A

  However, according to the background art described above, it is not considered to provide the driver with an ideal amount of regeneration during braking of the vehicle in time series. Then, there is a technical problem that it is difficult to improve the driver's overall braking operation, and it may be difficult to improve fuel consumption.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, for example, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a regenerative braking notification device that can improve the operation of the driver of the vehicle and can improve fuel consumption and power consumption. .

  In order to solve the above-described problem, a regenerative braking notification device according to the present invention is mounted on a vehicle including a rotating electrical machine, and a regenerative amount calculation unit that calculates a regenerative amount with respect to a time axis during braking of the vehicle, and driving of the vehicle Informing means for informing the driver of the content for correcting the driver's operation based on the actual regeneration amount with respect to the time axis based on the driver's operation and the calculated regeneration amount.

  According to the regenerative braking notification device of the present invention, the regenerative braking notification device includes, for example, a rotating electric machine such as various motors / generators capable of powering and power generation (that is, power regeneration). It is installed.

  For example, the regeneration amount calculation means including a memory, a processor, etc. calculates the regeneration amount with respect to the time axis when the vehicle is braked. Specifically, for example, the regeneration amount calculation means considers the operation amount, the start timing of the operation, the change rate of the operation amount, etc. based on the driving operation history of the vehicle driver, various information indicating the driving state of the vehicle, etc. Then, the regeneration amount with respect to the time axis (that is, the time-series change in the regeneration amount) that can improve the regeneration efficiency and the drivability is calculated.

  Note that “when the vehicle is being braked” is not limited to a period during which the driver performs a braking operation to the general driver, but when a predetermined time has elapsed from the end of the period, or a minute time has passed from the start of the period. Up to the point in time.

  For example, the notification means, which is a display device or the like, displays the content for correcting the operation of the driver based on the actual regeneration amount with respect to the time axis based on the operation of the vehicle driver and the calculated regeneration amount. To the person. Specifically, for example, the notifying unit records the time series change of the actual regeneration amount caused by the braking operation performed by the driver, and the regeneration amount calculating unit detects the time series change of the regeneration amount corresponding to the braking operation. After the calculation, the time series change of the actual regeneration amount and the time series change of the calculated regeneration amount are notified to the driver by displaying them on the same screen.

  According to the inventor's research, the following matters have been found. Limit Value Limit Value Limit Value When regenerative power is generated using a rotating electrical machine, there are efficient operating points and operating points that are not so as operating points of the rotating electrical machine. However, it is extremely difficult for the driver to manually select an efficient condition while satisfying the input limit of the battery according to the vehicle speed and deceleration, the torque and output limit of the rotating electrical machine, and the like.

  Although it is possible to indicate ideal braking start points and operation amounts for some braking operations from, for example, map information and environmental information, information is provided for all braking operations performed by the driver. It is extremely difficult.

  However, in the present invention, the content of correcting the driver's operation based on the actual regeneration amount with respect to the time axis based on the operation of the driver of the vehicle and the calculated regeneration amount by the notification means is the driver. Is notified. For this reason, the driver can recognize the degree of deviation between the time series change of the actual regeneration amount and the time series change of the suitable regeneration amount. In particular, since the degree of deviation is reported in time series, for example, the driver can relatively easily recognize what kind of operation should be improved in each period of the braking operation, such as in the early, middle, and late periods. can do.

  As a result of the improvement of the braking operation by the driver, if the degree of deviation between the actual regeneration amount and the suitable regeneration amount is reduced, the power regeneration efficiency is improved, which may improve fuel efficiency and power consumption. it can. Therefore, according to the regenerative braking notification device of the present invention, it is possible to improve the operation of the driver and improve the fuel consumption and the power consumption.

  In one aspect of the regenerative braking notification device of the present invention, the calculated regeneration amount is such that the regeneration amount on the high vehicle speed side is smaller than the regeneration amount on the low vehicle speed side.

  According to this aspect, it is possible to reduce the loss of regenerative power and improve fuel efficiency while suppressing deterioration of drivability.

  According to the study of the present inventor, if the braking force is constant during the braking period, the change in deceleration is small and drivability is good, but for example, the restriction on power regeneration is relatively strong on the high vehicle speed side. It has been found that if the braking force is kept constant over the vehicle speed range, there is a possibility that regenerative electric power may be missed due to the restriction on power regeneration on the high vehicle speed side.

  However, in the present invention, the regeneration amount is calculated so that the regeneration amount on the high vehicle speed side is smaller than the regeneration amount on the low vehicle speed side. In other words, on the high vehicle speed side where the power regeneration restriction is relatively strong, by reducing the regenerative amount, compared to the low vehicle speed side where the power regeneration restriction is relatively weak, the occurrence of regenerative power loss is suppressed. Yes.

  In another aspect of the regenerative braking notification device of the present invention, the regeneration amount calculation means includes acceleration calculation means for calculating acceleration with respect to a time axis, and the notification means further includes a time axis based on the operation of the driver. Based on the actual acceleration with respect to and the calculated acceleration, the driver is notified of the contents for correcting the operation of the driver.

  According to this aspect, the driver can relatively easily recognize, for example, what kind of operation should be improved in each period such as an initial period, a middle period, and a late period of the braking operation.

  The effect | action and other gain of this invention are clarified from the form for implementing demonstrated below.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the vehicle by which the regenerative braking alerting device which concerns on 1st Embodiment is mounted. It is a flowchart which shows the regenerative braking alerting | reporting process which ECU which concerns on 1st Embodiment performs. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the calculation method of an ideal braking force. It is a figure which illustrates the power limit line of a motor generator and the input limit line of a battery comprised by the two-dimensional coordinate which uses a vehicle speed and braking force as a parameter. It is an example of the image which alert | reports an ideal braking line and an actual braking line displayed on a display apparatus. It is an example of the image which alert | reports the ideal acceleration line and real acceleration line which are displayed on a display apparatus. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the operation correction location and the calculation method of an effect. It is an example of the image which alert | reports the operation correction method and correction effect which are displayed on a display apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the vehicle by which the regenerative braking alerting device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment is mounted.

  An embodiment of a regenerative braking notification device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
A first embodiment of a regenerative braking notification device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

  First, the configuration of a vehicle on which the regenerative braking notification device according to the present embodiment is mounted will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a vehicle on which the regenerative braking notification device according to the present embodiment is mounted. In FIG. 1, dotted lines indicate electrical connection, and alternate long and short dash lines indicate signals. In FIG. 1, for convenience of explanation, only members that are directly related to the present embodiment are shown, and other members are not shown.

  In FIG. 1, a vehicle 1 includes an engine (ENG) 11, motor generators MG1 and MG2, a battery (BAT) 12, a PCU (Power Control Unit) 13, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 20, and a display device 30. It is configured.

  For example, the battery 12 such as a lithium ion battery can supply power to the motor / generators MG1 and MG2 via the PCU 13, and the regenerative power of the motor / generators MG1 and MG2 is supplied via the PCU 13. It can be charged.

  The motor generator MG1 has a rotor connected to the drive shaft of the engine 11. The motor / generator MG1 generates electric power when the rotor rotates as the drive shaft of the engine 11 rotates. On the other hand, the motor / generator MG1 can crank the engine 11 when electric power is supplied from the battery 12 via the PCU 13.

  The motor / generator MG2 has a rotor connected to a power transmission mechanism. The motor / generator MG2 is supplied with power from the battery 12 or the motor / generator MG1 via the PCU 13, or is supplied with power from the battery 12 and the motor / generator MG1, via the power transmission mechanism. Driving force is output to the driving wheel 14. On the other hand, the motor / generator MG2 also functions as a regenerative brake.

  The hybrid vehicle 1 is a series-type hybrid vehicle that uses the engine 11 only for power generation and uses the motor / generator MG2 as a drive source of the hybrid vehicle 1.

  The regenerative braking notification device 100 calculates the ECU 20 that calculates an ideal regeneration amount with respect to the time axis, the actual regeneration amount with respect to the time axis, and the calculated ideal regeneration amount when the vehicle 1 is braked. And a display device 30 for informing the driver.

  The “ECU 20”, the “display device 30”, and the “motor / generators MG1 and MG2” according to the present embodiment are examples of the “regeneration amount calculation unit”, “notification unit”, and “rotating electric machine” according to the present invention, respectively. is there. In the present embodiment, a part of the ECU 20 for various electronic controls of the vehicle 1 is used as a part of the regenerative braking notification device 100.

  Next, the regenerative braking notification process executed by the ECU 20 during traveling mainly of the vehicle 1 on which the regenerative braking notification device 100 configured as described above is mounted will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. The regenerative braking notification process is executed regularly or irregularly or continuously while the vehicle 1 is mainly traveling.

  In FIG. 2, first, the ECU 20, for example, information indicated by signals output from the brake position sensor 21, the accelerator position sensor 22, the vehicle speed sensor 23, etc., or information indicating a shift position in a shift operation device (not shown). Etc. are acquired (step S101).

  Next, ECU20 determines whether there exists a deceleration request | requirement based on the information acquired by the process of step S101 (step S102). When it is determined that there is no deceleration request (step S102: No), the process returns to stop and enters a standby state. That is, until the next processing start time that is uniquely determined by a predetermined cycle is reached, the execution of the processing in step S101 is stopped and a standby state is entered.

  When it is determined that there is a deceleration request (step S102: Yes), the ECU 20 is caused by the driver's braking operation, for example, vehicle speed, accelerator operation amount, brake operation amount, regenerative limit braking force, regenerative limit braking power, acceleration. The time change such as is recorded (step S103). In other words, the ECU 20 records, for example, vehicle speed, accelerator operation amount, brake operation amount, regenerative limit braking force, regenerative limit braking power, acceleration, and the like together with time information.

  Next, ECU20 determines whether the deceleration request | requirement was complete | finished based on the information acquired by the process of step S103 (step S104). When it is determined that the deceleration request has not been completed (step S104: No), the ECU 20 executes the process of step S103.

  On the other hand, when it is determined that the deceleration request has been completed (step S104: Yes), the ECU 20 calculates an ideal braking force (step S105). Specifically, for example, the ECU 20 calculates the time change of the vehicle speed and the deceleration (acceleration) that is the time differential value, and maximizes the change in the kinetic energy of the vehicle 1 at the start of deceleration and at the end of deceleration. In addition, a braking force shape that provides smooth braking without sudden change in deceleration is calculated.

  Particularly in the present embodiment, the ECU 20 has an ideal braking force shape such that the braking force on the low vehicle speed side (that is, the late braking stage) is stronger than the high vehicle speed side (that is, the initial braking stage). calculate.

  Here, an ideal braking force calculation method will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of an ideal braking force calculation method. In FIG. 3, the force that acts to increase the speed of the vehicle 1 is represented by a positive value. For this reason, as the value decreases, the braking force and the like increase.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a motor / generator power limit line and a battery input limit line configured in two-dimensional coordinates using vehicle speed and braking force as parameters. In FIG. 4, the regenerative power decreases as it goes to the upper left (that is, approaches the origin), and the regenerative power increases as it goes to the lower right (that is, away from the origin).

  First, the ECU 20 calculates an acceleration that is a time differential value of the vehicle speed information based on the vehicle speed information (see the uppermost stage in FIG. 3) stored in the process of step S103 (see the second stage from the top in FIG. 3). . The acceleration may be obtained by, for example, an acceleration sensor instead of time differentiation of the vehicle speed information.

  Before or after the acceleration calculation, the ECU 20 determines the relationship between the braking operation amount information stored in the process of step S103 (see the third step from the top in FIG. 3) and the predetermined braking operation amount and the braking force. Based on this, the braking force is calculated (see the fourth step from the top in FIG. 3). The amount of braking operation can be estimated from vehicle speed and acceleration, vehicle weight information, and the like. Next, the ECU 20 calculates the braking power based on the calculated braking force and the stored vehicle speed information (see the fifth step from the top in FIG. 3).

  Next, as shown in the third row (regeneration limit braking power) from the bottom of FIG. 3, the ECU 20 determines the braking power based on the calculated braking power (solid line b) and the regenerative braking power limit value th1. Selects a braking power profile (solid line a) that does not exceed the regenerative braking power limit value th1. The regenerative braking power limit value th1 is determined according to the power limit (solid line) of the motor / generator and the input limit (dotted line) of the battery 12 shown in FIG.

  In parallel with the selection of the braking power profile, the ECU 20 calculates the calculated braking force (solid line d) and the regenerative braking force limit value as shown in the second stage (the braking force within the regeneration limit) from the bottom of FIG. Based on th2, a braking force profile (solid line c) is selected so that the braking force does not exceed the regenerative braking force limit value th2.

  The regenerative braking force limit value th2 is determined according to the motor / generator power limit (solid line) and the maximum regenerative braking force (two-dot chain line) in consideration of drivability shown in FIG. Here, as shown in the second row from the bottom in FIG. 3, the regenerative braking force limit value th2 is such that the braking force is greater in the late deceleration period (that is, on the low vehicle speed side) than in the initial deceleration stage (that is, on the high vehicle speed side). It is set to be strong.

  Next, based on the selected braking power profile and braking force profile, the ECU 20 smoothly changes the braking force by back-calculating from the speed of the vehicle 1 after completion of deceleration, and (ii) the regenerative braking force limit value. The braking force is changed within th2, and (iii) a smooth braking force gradient from the start of deceleration is determined. As a result, an ideal braking force shape as shown by the solid line i in the lowermost stage of FIG. 3 is calculated.

  The ECU 20 changes the braking force smoothly by setting a limit value for the rate of change of the braking force in advance.

  2 again, the ECU 20 displays the ideal braking line calculated in the process of step S105 on the display device 30 together with the braking line recorded in the process of step S103 (see FIG. 5) (step S106). FIG. 5 is an example of an image informing the ideal braking line and the actual braking line displayed on the display device.

  In FIG. 5, the area of the region surrounded by the ideal braking line and the time axis (that is, the horizontal axis) and the area of the region surrounded by the actual braking line and the time axis are caused by braking of the vehicle 1. This corresponds to the amount of power generated (that is, the amount of regenerative power). However, of the region surrounded by the actual braking line and the time axis, the regenerative power corresponding to the region above the regeneration upper limit indicated by the two-dot chain line (that is, the region surrounded by the actual braking line and the regeneration upper limit). Is consumed as, for example, heat energy.

  Therefore, by displaying a diagram as shown in FIG. 5 on the display device 30, for example, how much regenerative power the driver has obtained by actual braking operation, and how much regenerative power is wasted. And how much it should be done before starting the deceleration operation can be recognized relatively easily. As a result, according to the regenerative braking notification device 100 according to the present embodiment, information for the driver to correct the operation by himself / herself can be given after the next time.

  The “area of the region surrounded by the ideal braking line and the time axis” and the “area of the region surrounded by the actual braking line and the time axis” according to the present embodiment are respectively “preferred”. This is an example of “regenerative amount” and “actual regenerative amount”.

  Note that the image displayed on the display device 30 is not limited to a diagram in which time and braking power are parameters as shown in FIG. 5, for example, the horizontal axis is divided into stages such as initial braking, middle braking, and late braking. Or a diagram in which the vertical axis represents the brake operation amount, deceleration, acceleration, vehicle speed, etc. (see FIG. 6). FIG. 6 is an example of an image informing the ideal acceleration line and the actual acceleration line displayed on the display device.

  Next, the ECU 20 calculates an operation correction location and calculates an operation correction effect (step S107). Here, the process of step S107 will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of an operation correction location and an effect calculation method.

  The ECU 20 calculates an ideal braking operation amount corresponding to the ideal braking force shape indicated by the solid line i in the lowermost stage of FIG. 3 (see the solid line a in the upper stage of FIG. 7). Next, the ECU 20 superimposes the actual braking operation amount indicated by the solid line b in the upper part of FIG. 7 on the ideal braking line by, for example, the following method.

  That is, in the upper part of FIG. 7, the part indicated by (i) performs braking within the regeneration limit. The step indicated by (ii) eliminates the stepped operation portion. The portion indicated by (iii) alleviates sudden changes. The part indicated by (iv) compensates for the shortage of deceleration by preceding the start of the deceleration operation (that is, by accelerating the deceleration operation start timing).

  In this process, the ECU 20 calculates a portion where the ideal braking operation amount deviates from the actual braking operation amount (that is, the operation correction portion).

Next, the ECU 20 calculates the energy lost in the portion indicated by (i) in the upper part of FIG. 7, converts it into fuel, electric power, etc., and further converts it into the amount of CO ₂ , thereby calculating the effect of the operation correction.

  Further, the ECU 20 determines that each of an ideal acceleration (solid line e) and an actual acceleration (solid line d) as shown in the lower part of FIG. 7, for example, is an acceleration change allowable range (an area between two dotted lines). The smoothness of the acceleration change is calculated by comparing the areas (that is, the integral values) of the regions that are out of the range. Note that the area outside the acceleration change allowable range is, for example, an area indicated by area c in the middle of FIG.

  Returning to FIG. 2 again, the ECU 20 displays the calculated operation correction location and the operation correction effect on the display device 30 in the process of step S107 (see FIG. 8) (step S108). FIG. 8 is an example of an image for notifying the operation correction method and the correction effect displayed on the display device.

  In addition, it replaces with or in addition to alerting | reporting using the display apparatus 30, ECU20 may alert | report with a voice | voice via a speaker etc., for example.

Second Embodiment
A second embodiment of the regenerative braking notification device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the configuration of the hybrid vehicle on which the regenerative braking notification device is mounted is partially different. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the description overlapping with that of the first embodiment is omitted, and common portions in the drawing are denoted by the same reference numerals, and only fundamentally different points are described with reference to FIG. explain.

  A configuration of a hybrid vehicle on which the regenerative braking notification device according to the present embodiment is mounted will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a vehicle equipped with the regenerative braking notification device according to the present embodiment having the same concept as in FIG. 1.

  In FIG. 9, the vehicle 2 includes an engine 11, motor generators MG1 and MG2, a battery 12, a PCU 13, a planetary gear mechanism 15, an ECU 20, and a display device 30.

  The planetary gear mechanism 15 includes, for example, a sun gear S, a pinion gear, a carrier CA that supports the pinion gear so that it can rotate and revolve, and a ring gear R. The sun gear S of the planetary gear mechanism 15 is connected to the rotor of the motor / generator MG1, the carrier CA is connected to the engine 11 and the oil pump (O / P), and the ring gear R is connected to the power transmission mechanism. The motor / generator MG2 is coupled to the rotor.

  In the hybrid vehicle 2, the power of the engine 11 is divided by the planetary gear mechanism 15 and used for power generation by the motor / generator MG <b> 1 and driving of the hybrid vehicle 2. That is, the hybrid vehicle 2 uses at least a part of the motive power of the engine 11 for power generation, and uses a series / parallel system in which the other part of the motive power of the engine 11 and the motor / generator MG2 are used as a drive source of the hybrid vehicle 2. It is a hybrid vehicle.

  The present invention is not limited to a series type hybrid vehicle or a series / parallel type hybrid vehicle. For example, a hybrid vehicle that can switch between a series type and a parallel type, or a series type and a series / parallel type The present invention can also be applied to hybrid vehicles that can be switched to each other.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist or concept of the invention that can be read from the claims and the entire specification. Regenerative braking notification accompanying such a change is possible. The apparatus is also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 ... Vehicle, 11 ... Engine, 12 ... Battery, 13 ... PCU, 20 ... ECU, 30 ... Display device, 100 ... Regenerative braking notification device, MG1, MG2 ... Motor generator

Claims (3)

Mounted on vehicles equipped with rotating electrical machinery,
Regenerative amount calculating means for calculating a regenerative amount with respect to a time axis during braking of the vehicle;
Informing means for informing the driver of the content of correcting the operation of the driver based on the actual regeneration amount with respect to the time axis based on the operation of the driver of the vehicle and the calculated regeneration amount. And a regenerative braking notification device.   The regenerative braking notification device according to claim 1, wherein the calculated regeneration amount is such that the regeneration amount on the high vehicle speed side is smaller than the regeneration amount on the low vehicle speed side. The regeneration amount calculating means includes acceleration calculating means for calculating acceleration with respect to a time axis,
The informing means further informs the driver of contents for correcting the driver's operation based on the actual acceleration with respect to the time axis based on the driver's operation and the calculated acceleration. The regenerative braking notification device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:

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