JP2011216427A - Vegetable factory lighting system - Google Patents
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013308 plastic optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、植物工場照明装置の改良、詳しくは、自然エネルギーを利用した人工光・太陽光併用(ハイブリッド)方式の採用によって省エネルギー化を図ることができ、また、植物の生育に最適な光環境も実現可能で、しかも、空調費用の軽減も図れる植物工場照明装置に関するものである。 The present invention is an improvement of the plant factory lighting device, and more specifically, energy saving can be achieved by adopting a combination of artificial light and sunlight (hybrid) system using natural energy, and an optimal light environment for plant growth. The present invention also relates to a plant factory lighting device that can reduce air conditioning costs.
近年、植物工場において採用されている照明システムは、蛍光灯やＬＥＤ、ＨＩＤ、白熱電球などの人工光を利用するタイプと、自然エネルギーである太陽光を利用するタイプとに大きく分けることができ、多くの植物工場ではそれぞれのタイプの照明システムが単独で使用されている。 In recent years, lighting systems employed in plant factories can be broadly divided into types that use artificial light such as fluorescent lights, LEDs, HID, and incandescent bulbs, and types that use sunlight, which is natural energy, Many plant factories use each type of lighting system independently.
しかしながら、前者の人工光を利用した照明システムを単独で採用する場合には、照明装置を２４時間３６５日稼働し続けなければならないため、照明装置の電気代が嵩んで工場運営者のコスト負担が大きくなる。また、照明装置による電力の浪費は省エネルギーの観点からも好ましくない。 However, when the former lighting system using artificial light is employed alone, the lighting device must be operated 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. growing. Further, waste of electric power by the lighting device is not preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving.
しかも、照明装置を栽培室内の植物近傍に配置した場合には、照明装置の発熱により熱伝達や熱対流が生じて植物や室内雰囲気が暖められてしまうため、温度調節に必要な冷房等の空調費用も増大し易い。また、照明装置が栽培室内に分散配置されていると、光源の経年劣化の点検や部品の交換のために室内を歩き回らなければならないため、保守作業も大変になる。 Moreover, if the lighting device is placed near the plant in the cultivation room, heat generation or heat convection occurs due to the heat generated by the lighting device, and the plant and the room atmosphere are warmed. Therefore, air conditioning such as cooling required for temperature adjustment Costs are likely to increase. In addition, if the lighting devices are distributed in the cultivation room, it is necessary to walk around the room in order to check the deterioration of the light source over time and replace the parts.
ところで、宇宙ステーションや閉鎖系実験においては、照明装置を透明なボックス体で覆うなど照明装置を熱的に隔離して、植物の栽培領域に照明装置の熱が伝わらないようにする方法も採用されているが、この方法では可視光と共に赤外線もボックス体を透過してしまうため輻射熱の影響を排除することはできない。また、各照明装置をボックス体で覆うとなると保守作業は更に面倒なものとなる。 By the way, in the space station and closed system experiments, a method of thermally isolating the lighting device such as covering the lighting device with a transparent box body so that the heat of the lighting device is not transmitted to the plant cultivation area is also adopted. However, this method cannot eliminate the influence of radiant heat because infrared rays as well as visible light pass through the box body. Further, if each lighting device is covered with a box body, the maintenance work becomes even more troublesome.
一方、後者の太陽光を利用した照明システムを単独で採用する場合には、太陽光からの採光量が天候や時間帯によって大きく変化するため、曇天雨天降雪などの悪天候時や夜間時には充分なエネルギー量の光が得られなくなって、その分だけ植物の生育に遅れが生じてしまう。 On the other hand, when the latter lighting system using sunlight alone is adopted, the amount of light collected from sunlight varies greatly depending on the weather and time of day, so sufficient energy is available during bad weather such as cloudy rain and snowfall and at night. The amount of light cannot be obtained, and the growth of the plant is delayed accordingly.
また、開放された天井や透明な天井から直接的に太陽光を採り込む方式では、植物の生育に必要なエネルギー量を遙かに超えた光が入射するため、室内の床や壁などが太陽光によって温められて室内に大量の熱が発生し、この熱を外部に排出するために大型で高価な空調設備が必要となる。 In addition, when sunlight is taken directly from an open or transparent ceiling, light that far exceeds the amount of energy necessary for plant growth is incident, so indoor floors and walls are exposed to sunlight. A large amount of heat is generated in the room by being heated by the air, and a large and expensive air conditioning facility is required to discharge this heat to the outside.
そこで、従来においては、昼間の晴天時には太陽光を利用し、夜間時や悪天候時など太陽光の採光が充分でないときにのみ人工光を利用して消費電力の節減を図る(照明装置の一日の稼働時間が約１３〜２４時間で１３時間程度のときは太陽光の利用が大きくなり有利で、２４時間のときは人工光の利用が大きくなる。)と共に、太陽光及び人工光の採光部を植物工場の外側に設けて、これらの採光部から栽培室内に光ファイバで光を引き込むことにより、栽培室内に余計な熱量を発生させずに間接的に照明を行えるようにした照明システムも提案されている(特許文献１参照)。 Therefore, in the past, sunlight was used during daytime clear weather, and artificial light was used only when sunlight was not sufficient, such as during nighttime or bad weather, to reduce power consumption. When the operating time is about 13 to 24 hours and is about 13 hours, the use of sunlight is advantageous, and when it is 24 hours, the use of artificial light is large.) Proposing a lighting system that can be indirectly illuminated without generating extra heat in the cultivation room by installing light outside the plant factory and drawing light from these lighting parts into the cultivation room with an optical fiber. (See Patent Document 1).
ところが、上記従来の照明システムでは、光伝送ファイバに融点の低いプラスチック製の光ファイバが使用されていたことから、レンズなどで集光した高エネルギーの太陽光を入射して伝送することが構造上極めて困難であるだけでなく、伝送時の光損失も大きかったため人工光源からの光供給が余計に必要になって消費電力の無駄が生じ易かった。 However, in the conventional illumination system described above, a plastic optical fiber having a low melting point is used as the optical transmission fiber. Not only is it extremely difficult, but also the loss of light during transmission is large, so that an extra light supply from the artificial light source is required, and power consumption is easily wasted.
本発明は、上記の如き問題に鑑みて為されたものであり、その目的とするところは、人工光照明システムと自然エネルギーを利用した太陽光照明システムとの併用により省エネルギー化を図ることができ、また同時に、植物の生育に最適な光環境も実現可能で、しかも、空調設備の導入コスト及び運用コストの低減も図れる植物工場照明装置を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to save energy by using an artificial light illumination system and a solar light illumination system using natural energy. At the same time, it is an object of the present invention to provide a plant factory lighting device that can realize an optimal light environment for plant growth and that can reduce the introduction cost and the operation cost of air conditioning equipment.
本発明者が上記課題を解決するために採用した手段を添付図面を参照して説明すれば次のとおりである。 Means employed by the present inventor for solving the above-described problems will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
即ち、本発明は、外光の直接入射が遮断された栽培室Ｃを有する植物工場Ｆの照明装置であって、
前記植物工場Ｆの外部に配置され、太陽光の集光器11を備えた太陽光採光部１と；同じく前記植物工場Ｆの外部に配置され、人工光源21を備えた人工光採光部２と；石英系光ファイバが使用され、かつ、前記太陽光採光部１および人工光採光部２に配置された入射端部31で受光した光を配線先である植物工場Ｆの栽培室Ｃ内に導入可能な光伝送ライン３と；前記植物工場Ｆの栽培室Ｃ内の植物近傍に設けられ、前記光伝送ライン３の出射端部32が配置されて伝送された光を植物Ｐに照射可能な室内照明部４とを含んで構成し、
前記太陽光採光部１及び人工光採光部２で発生する熱を植物工場Ｆの外部に隔離して工場内の発生熱を抑制可能とした点に特徴がある。
That is, the present invention is an illumination device for a plant factory F having a cultivation room C in which direct incidence of external light is blocked,
A daylighting unit 1 provided outside the plant factory F and provided with a solar concentrator 11; and an artificial light daylighting unit 2 also provided outside the plant factory F and provided with an artificial light source 21; A silica-based optical fiber is used, and the light received by the incident end portion 31 disposed in the sunlight daylighting unit 1 and the artificial light daylighting unit 2 is introduced into the cultivation room C of the plant factory F as a wiring destination. A possible light transmission line 3; a room which is provided in the vicinity of the plant in the cultivation room C of the plant factory F and in which the plant P can be irradiated with the light transmitted by the emission end 32 of the light transmission line 3 being arranged. Including the illumination unit 4,
It is characterized in that the heat generated in the sunlight daylighting unit 1 and the artificial light daylighting unit 2 can be isolated outside the plant factory F to suppress the heat generated in the factory.
また本発明では、上記技術的手段に加えて、太陽光採光部１において集光器11と光伝送ライン３の入射端部31との間に分散素子を設置すると共に、前記光伝送ライン３の入射端部31の位置を調節可能なファイバ位置調節機構を設けて、前記分散素子を通過した入射光の分光スペクトルにおける任意波長域の可視光の光路上に入射端部31を配置できるようにするという技術的手段を採用することもできる。 In the present invention, in addition to the technical means described above, a dispersive element is installed between the light collector 11 and the incident end 31 of the light transmission line 3 in the sunlight collecting unit 1, and A fiber position adjustment mechanism capable of adjusting the position of the incident end portion 31 is provided so that the incident end portion 31 can be arranged on the optical path of visible light in an arbitrary wavelength region in the spectral spectrum of incident light that has passed through the dispersion element. It is also possible to adopt the technical means.
一方、本発明においては、上記技術的手段に代えて、太陽光採光部１において集光器11に一枚の放物面鏡11a、又は一乃至二枚の球面鏡11b・11bから成る縮小投影光学系を架台に支持したものを用いると共に、光伝送ライン３の入射端部31の位置を調節可能なファイバ位置調節機構を設けて、任意波長域の可視光の焦点位置に入射端部31を配置可能にするという技術的手段を採用することもできる。 On the other hand, in the present invention, instead of the technical means described above, a reduction projection optical system comprising a single parabolic mirror 11a or one or two spherical mirrors 11b and 11b in the concentrator 11 in the sunlight daylighting unit 1. A system supporting the system is used, and a fiber position adjusting mechanism is provided that can adjust the position of the incident end 31 of the optical transmission line 3, and the incident end 31 is arranged at the focal position of visible light in an arbitrary wavelength range. The technical means of making it possible can also be adopted.
また本発明では、光伝送ライン３の入射端部31に、複数の光ファイバを纏めたファイバ束、或いは複数の光ファイバが融着接合された大径ファイバ、或いは内面或いは外面が鏡面の石英テーパ棒または管を使用することにより、太陽光採光部１の集光器11によって集光された高エネルギーの入射光を分岐された複数の光ファイバに分散して照射光の光量を調節できるようにするという技術的手段を採用することもできる。 Further, in the present invention, a fiber bundle in which a plurality of optical fibers are bundled, a large-diameter fiber in which a plurality of optical fibers are fusion-bonded, or a quartz taper whose inner surface or outer surface is a mirror surface at the incident end 31 of the optical transmission line 3. By using a rod or tube, the amount of incident light can be adjusted by dispersing high-energy incident light collected by the collector 11 of the solar light collecting unit 1 into a plurality of branched optical fibers. It is also possible to adopt the technical means of doing.
更にまた本発明では、室内照明部４の近傍に照射光の波長分布と光強度を検出できる光検出器５を設けることにより、赤外線の熱負荷を最小とする植物Ｐの生育に最適な波長分布及び光強度となるように照射光を調整可能にするという技術的手段を採用することもできる。 Furthermore, in the present invention, by providing the photodetector 5 capable of detecting the wavelength distribution and light intensity of the irradiation light in the vicinity of the indoor illumination unit 4, the wavelength distribution optimal for the growth of the plant P that minimizes the infrared thermal load. Further, it is possible to adopt a technical means for making it possible to adjust the irradiation light so as to obtain the light intensity.
また本発明では、太陽の運行位置を計算し予測してミラー部材の仰角及び方位角を粗く調整する太陽追尾機構を設けると共に、光検出器５からの出力が最大または最適となるように一つのミラー部材の位置角度を緻密に制御できるミラー位置調節機構を設けて、採光量の増減の微調節を効率良く行えるようにするという技術的手段を採用することもできる。 Further, in the present invention, a solar tracking mechanism that roughly adjusts the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the mirror member by calculating and predicting the operating position of the sun is provided, and the output from the photodetector 5 is maximized or optimized. It is also possible to employ a technical means for providing a mirror position adjustment mechanism capable of precisely controlling the position angle of the mirror member so that fine adjustment of increase / decrease in the amount of light extraction can be performed efficiently.
本発明では、人工光及び太陽光の採光部と栽培室の照明部とを光伝送ラインで繋いで構成したことにより、昼間の晴天時には自然エネルギーである太陽光を照明に利用できるため、その間人工光源の使用を控えることで照明にかかる消費電力を節減することが可能となる。 In the present invention, the artificial light and sunlight daylighting unit and the illuminating unit of the cultivation room are connected by an optical transmission line, so that sunlight, which is natural energy, can be used for illumination during daylight weather. By refraining from using a light source, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of lighting.
一方、夜間時や悪天候時については、利用光源を太陽光から人工光に切り替えればよいため、植物の生育速度に遅れが生じることもない。ちなみに、人工光のエネルギー量を採光された太陽光のエネルギー量に合わせて適宜調節すれば植物の生育に最適な波長分布及び強度の光を常時供給することも可能となる。 On the other hand, at nighttime or in bad weather, the light source used may be switched from sunlight to artificial light, so that there is no delay in the growth rate of plants. By the way, if the amount of artificial light energy is appropriately adjusted according to the amount of sunlight collected, it is possible to always supply light having the optimum wavelength distribution and intensity for plant growth.
また、上記光伝送ラインには高融点で伝送損失の極めて小さい石英光ファイバを使用しているため、集光された太陽光によって熱損傷等が生じないことに加え損失が少ない石英ファイバであるので光エネルギーを効率的に照明に利用できる。 In addition, since the optical transmission line uses a quartz optical fiber with a high melting point and extremely low transmission loss, it is a quartz fiber with low loss in addition to heat damage caused by the concentrated sunlight. Light energy can be used efficiently for illumination.
そしてまた、上記人工光及び太陽光の採光部は、植物工場内と熱的に遮断できるように工場の外部に設置しているため、照明装置や太陽光の直接照射による余計な熱量が工場内に発生することはなく、これによって初期投資の大きい大型の空調設備が不要となる上に空調機器の稼働を減らして電気代の軽減も図れる。 Moreover, since the artificial light and the daylighting unit for sunlight are installed outside the plant so as to be thermally cut off from the plant factory, the extra heat generated by the direct illumination of the lighting device and sunlight is generated in the factory. This eliminates the need for large air-conditioning equipment with a large initial investment and reduces the cost of electricity by reducing the operation of air-conditioning equipment.
しかも、人工光の採光部を栽培室の外部に配置すれば、照明装置を一箇所に纏めて配置することも可能となるため、部品の点検や交換を行う保守作業も非常に効率的かつ迅速に行うことができる。 Moreover, if the daylighting unit for artificial light is arranged outside the cultivation room, it is also possible to arrange the lighting devices in one place, so that maintenance work for checking and replacing parts is also very efficient and quick. Can be done.
したがって、本発明により、植物の生育に適した光環境を作出する機能性に優れるだけでなく、環境面では照明機器及び空調機器による電力消費を抑えて省エネルギー化を図ることができ、また工場運営者にとっては設備投資や施設維持費、人件費等のコスト削減が可能な植物工場照明装置を提供できることから、本発明の実用的利用価値は頗る高い。 Therefore, according to the present invention, not only is it excellent in the functionality to create a light environment suitable for plant growth, but also in terms of the environment, it is possible to save energy by suppressing power consumption by lighting equipment and air conditioning equipment, and to operate the factory For a person, since the plant factory lighting device capable of reducing costs such as capital investment, facility maintenance costs, and labor costs can be provided, the practical utility value of the present invention is very high.
『実施例１』
本発明の実施例１は、図１から図５に示される。同図において、符号１で指示するものは、太陽光採光部であり、符号２で指示するものは、人工光採光部である。符号３で指示するものは、光伝送ラインであり、符号４で指示するものは、室内照明部である。また、符号５で指示するものは、光検出器である。
“Example 1”
Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown in FIGS. In the figure, what is indicated by reference numeral 1 is a sunlight daylighting unit, and what is indicated by reference numeral 2 is an artificial light daylighting unit. What is indicated by reference numeral 3 is an optical transmission line, and what is indicated by reference numeral 4 is an interior illumination unit. What is indicated by reference numeral 5 is a photodetector.
次に、実施例１の構成を以下から説明する。まず実施例１では、断熱性外壁で覆われた建物であり、外光を遮断可能な栽培室Ｃを内部に備えた植物工場Ｆの外部に、集光器11を備えた太陽光採光部１と人工光源21を備えた人工光採光部２を設けている(図１参照)。ちなみに実施例１では、太陽光採光部１を植物工場Ｆの屋上に配設し、人工光採光部２を植物工場Ｆに並設した施設内に配設することにより両者を植物工場Ｆから熱的に隔離している。 Next, the configuration of the first embodiment will be described below. First, in Example 1, it is a building covered with a heat insulating outer wall, and a solar light collecting unit 1 provided with a condenser 11 outside a plant factory F provided with a cultivation room C capable of blocking external light. And an artificial light daylighting section 2 provided with an artificial light source 21 (see FIG. 1). By the way, in Example 1, the sunlight lighting unit 1 is disposed on the roof of the plant factory F, and the artificial light lighting unit 2 is disposed in a facility juxtaposed with the plant factory F, whereby both are heated from the plant factory F. Isolated.
そして、上記太陽光採光部１及び人工光採光部２には、光ファイバから成る光伝送ライン３の入射端部31・31…を配置すると共に、この光電送ライン３を植物工場Ｆの栽培室Ｃ内に配線し、出射端部32・32…を植物近傍に配置して室内照明部４を設けている。 In the sunlight daylighting unit 1 and the artificial light daylighting unit 2, incident end portions 31, 31... Of an optical transmission line 3 made of an optical fiber are arranged, and the photoelectric transmission line 3 is used as a cultivation room of the plant factory F. The interior illumination unit 4 is provided by wiring in C and arranging the emission end portions 32, 32... In the vicinity of the plant.
なお実施例１では、上記太陽光採光部１の集光器11に、微小焦点を結べる一枚の放物面鏡11aを使用し、また前記集光器11には、太陽の運行位置を予測して放物面鏡11aの仰角及び方位角を粗く調整できる太陽追尾機構を設けている。 In the first embodiment, a single parabolic mirror 11a capable of forming a micro focus is used for the concentrator 11 of the solar light collecting unit 1, and the solar operation position is predicted for the concentrator 11. Thus, a sun tracking mechanism that can roughly adjust the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the parabolic mirror 11a is provided.
そして、上記太陽光採光部１には、光伝送ライン３の入射端部31の位置を上下方向に調節できるファイバ位置調節機構を設けることにより、入射端部31を太陽光の焦点位置に合わせて配置できるようにしている。 The sunlight lighting unit 1 is provided with a fiber position adjusting mechanism that can adjust the position of the incident end 31 of the light transmission line 3 in the vertical direction, so that the incident end 31 is aligned with the focal position of sunlight. It can be arranged.
一方、実施例１では、人工光採光部２の人工光源21に蛍光灯21aを使用し、この蛍光灯21aから放射される光を集光機構22によって光伝送ライン３の入射端部31に集めて低損失で室内照明部４に伝送可能である。 On the other hand, in the first embodiment, a fluorescent lamp 21 a is used as the artificial light source 21 of the artificial light collecting unit 2, and the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp 21 a is collected at the incident end 31 of the light transmission line 3 by the condensing mechanism 22. Therefore, it can be transmitted to the indoor lighting unit 4 with low loss.
また、光伝送ライン部３に関しては、光ファイバに可視域及び赤外域で最も光損失が小さく、かつ、太陽光の焦点部の温度である2000度程度まで融解しない石英光ファイバを使用している。なお、熱損失が大きく融点が低いプラスチック製光ファイバなどは、太陽光採光部１に使用することができない。 As for the optical transmission line unit 3, a quartz optical fiber that has the smallest light loss in the visible region and the infrared region and that does not melt to about 2000 degrees, which is the temperature of the focal point of sunlight, is used for the optical fiber. . Note that a plastic optical fiber or the like having a large heat loss and a low melting point cannot be used for the solar light collecting unit 1.
そして実施例１では、太陽光採光部１に配置する光伝送ライン３の入射端部31を、複数の光ファイバを纏めたファイバ束として、集光器11によって集光された高エネルギーの入射光を所定本数に分岐させた各光ファイバに分散させることにより、太陽光の光エネルギーを照明に適した光量に調節可能としている。ちなみに、前記ファイバ束は、複数の光ファイバを融着接合した大径ファイバや内面或いは外面が鏡面の石英テーパ棒又は管であってもよい。 And in Example 1, the incident end part 31 of the optical transmission line 3 arrange | positioned in the sunlight lighting part 1 is made into the fiber bundle which put together the some optical fiber, and the high energy incident light condensed by the collector 11 is collected. Is distributed to each optical fiber branched into a predetermined number, so that the light energy of sunlight can be adjusted to a light amount suitable for illumination. Incidentally, the fiber bundle may be a large-diameter fiber in which a plurality of optical fibers are fusion-bonded, or a quartz taper rod or tube having an inner surface or outer surface as a mirror surface.
また、光伝送ライン３については、人工光採光部２と室内照明部４・４…とを１対１に対応させて並列的に配線することも可能であり、また各太陽光採光部１・１…や人工光採光部２・２…から引き出した複数の光ファイバを入射側で結合器を用いて一本に統合した後、それを出射側で室内照明部４の数に合わせて分配器により再度分岐させる構造であってもよい。 In addition, for the optical transmission line 3, the artificial light lighting unit 2 and the indoor lighting units 4, 4,... Can be wired in parallel in a one-to-one correspondence. 1... And a plurality of optical fibers drawn out from the artificial light daylighting units 2, 2... Are integrated into one using a coupler on the incident side, and then distributed to the number of indoor lighting units 4 on the emission side. May be branched again.
他方また、室内照明部４には、光伝送ライン３の出射端部32が配置されるが、照射中の出射端部32は虫眼鏡の焦点のように触れると非常に危険であるため、作業時における安全性を確保するために出射端部32の端面に保護カバー材41を設けている。ちなみに実施例１では、保護カバー材41に耐熱性と透光性を有するガラス板を使用している。 On the other hand, the exit end 32 of the light transmission line 3 is arranged in the room illumination unit 4, but the exit end 32 during irradiation is very dangerous if touched like the focal point of a magnifying glass. In order to ensure safety, a protective cover material 41 is provided on the end surface of the emission end portion 32. Incidentally, in Example 1, a glass plate having heat resistance and translucency is used for the protective cover material 41.
また、安全対策としては、太陽光採光部１の集光器11付近も上記室内照明部４と同様に太陽光の焦点部が非常に危険な状態となるため人体各部が容易に近付けないように距離を離して金網を設けている。 As a safety measure, the sunlight focusing part of the solar light collecting part 1 is also in a very dangerous state in the same way as the indoor lighting part 4, so that the human body parts are not easily approached. A wire mesh is provided at a distance.
そして上記のように構成したことにより、図２に示すように、晴天時には太陽光採光部１からの入射光を光源として照明を行うことができ、また曇天時においても、図３に示すように太陽光採光部１の入射光を光源として利用しながら光量の不足分のみを人工採光部２から供給すればよいため、人工光源21の使用を抑えて省エネを図ることができる。 And by having comprised as mentioned above, as shown in FIG. 2, it can illuminate with the incident light from the sunlight daylighting part 1 as a light source at the time of fine weather, and also at the time of cloudy weather as shown in FIG. Since only the shortage of the light amount needs to be supplied from the artificial daylighting unit 2 while using the incident light of the sunlight daylighting unit 1 as a light source, the use of the artificial light source 21 can be suppressed to save energy.
一方、夜間時や悪天候時には、図４に示すように室内照明部４への光の供給を太陽光採光部１から人工光採光部２に切り替えて照明を行えばよいため、植物Ｐの生育に遅れが生じることもない。 On the other hand, during nighttime or bad weather, as shown in FIG. 4, it is sufficient to switch the light supply to the indoor lighting unit 4 from the sunlight lighting unit 1 to the artificial light lighting unit 2, so that the plant P grows. There is no delay.
また、室内照明部４の近傍には光検出器５の検知部を配置して、照射光の光量および波長分布をモニタ可能としているため、太陽光採光部１から伝送された光の波長分布及び強度に合わせて人工光の光量を適宜調節すれば植物Ｐの生育に最適な光を常時供給することが可能である。 Moreover, since the detection part of the photodetector 5 is arrange | positioned in the vicinity of the indoor illumination part 4, and the light quantity and wavelength distribution of irradiated light can be monitored, the wavelength distribution of the light transmitted from the sunlight lighting part 1 and If the amount of artificial light is appropriately adjusted in accordance with the intensity, it is possible to always supply light optimal for the growth of the plant P.
また実施例１では、太陽光採光部１の集光器11に一つのミラー部材(本実施例では、放物面鏡11a)の位置角度を緻密に制御できるミラー位置調節機構を設けているため、上記光検出器５からの出力が最大または最適となるように採光量の微調節を効率良く行うことができる。 Moreover, in Example 1, since the collector 11 of the sunlight lighting part 1 is provided with a mirror position adjusting mechanism capable of precisely controlling the position angle of one mirror member (in this embodiment, the parabolic mirror 11a). Thus, fine adjustment of the amount of light extraction can be performed efficiently so that the output from the photodetector 5 is maximized or optimized.
そしてまた、太陽光採光部１や人工光採光部２については、植物工場Ｆの外部に設けたことによって工場内の発熱を抑えて空調費用を節減することができ、具体的に実験した結果、蛍光灯を栽培室Ｃ内に配置して植物Ｐに直接照射する場合と比較して、工場内で発生する熱量が90％程度減少して熱負荷が9％程度となり、空調費用を１／10程度に抑えることができた。 In addition, for the sunlight daylighting unit 1 and the artificial light daylighting unit 2, by providing outside the plant factory F, it is possible to reduce heat generation in the factory and reduce air conditioning costs. Compared to the case where a fluorescent lamp is placed in the cultivation room C and the plant P is directly irradiated, the amount of heat generated in the factory is reduced by about 90%, the heat load becomes about 9%, and the air conditioning cost is reduced to 1/10. It was able to be suppressed to the extent.
また実施例１では、ファイバ位置調節機構によって入射端部31を任意の波長域の可視光の焦点位置に配置できるようにしているため、植物の生育に不必要な赤外線や紫外線を除去することができ、これらの波長域の光が照射されることによって栽培室Ｃ内に余計な熱が発生することも防止できる。 Moreover, in Example 1, since the incident end part 31 can be arrange | positioned in the focus position of the visible light of arbitrary wavelength ranges with the fiber position adjustment mechanism, the infrared rays and ultraviolet rays which are unnecessary for plant growth can be removed. It is possible to prevent generation of extra heat in the cultivation room C by irradiation with light in these wavelength ranges.
他方また、人工光採光部２については、植物工場Ｆの外部に設けたことで人工光源21を有する照明装置を一箇所にかためて配置することが可能となるため、部品の点検等の保守作業も非常に容易となる。 On the other hand, since the artificial light daylighting unit 2 is provided outside the plant factory F, it is possible to arrange the lighting device having the artificial light source 21 in one place. Work becomes very easy.
『実施例２』
次に実施例２について図５に基いて以下に説明する。実施例２では、太陽光採光部１の集光器１に大小二枚の球面鏡11b・11bから成る縮小投影光学系を使用すると共に、人工光採光部２の人工光源21にＬＥＤ21b(発光ダイオード)を使用している(図５参照)。
“Example 2”
Next, Example 2 will be described below with reference to FIG. In the second embodiment, a reduction projection optical system composed of two large and small spherical mirrors 11b and 11b is used for the condenser 1 of the sunlight collecting unit 1, and an LED 21b (light emitting diode) is used as the artificial light source 21 of the artificial light collecting unit 2. Is used (see FIG. 5).
そして上記の構成で工場を稼働した結果、ＬＥＤ21bを栽培室Ｃ内に配置して直接照射する場合と比べて、植物工場Ｆ内の発生熱量を71％程度減らして熱負荷を29％程度に抑えることができた。 And as a result of operating the factory with the above configuration, compared to the case where the LED 21b is placed in the cultivation room C and directly irradiated, the amount of heat generated in the plant factory F is reduced by about 71% and the heat load is suppressed to about 29%. I was able to.
また実施例２では、太陽光採光部１の縮小投影光学系と光伝送ライン３の入射端部31との間に分散素子(本実施例では、「プリズム」)を配置すると共に、ファイバ位置調節機構によって光伝送ライン３の入射端部31の位置を調節して、分散素子を通過した入射光の分光スペクトルにおける任意波長域の可視光の光路上に入射端部31を配置できるようにしている。 In the second embodiment, a dispersive element (“prism” in the present embodiment) is disposed between the reduction projection optical system of the sunlight daylighting unit 1 and the incident end 31 of the light transmission line 3, and the fiber position is adjusted. The position of the incident end 31 of the optical transmission line 3 is adjusted by the mechanism so that the incident end 31 can be disposed on the optical path of visible light in an arbitrary wavelength region in the spectral spectrum of the incident light that has passed through the dispersion element. .
これによって、赤外線や紫外線などの余計な波長域の光が入射しないようにすることができるだけでなく、個々の植物Ｐの生育に適した波長域の可視光を選択することも可能となる。 This not only prevents light in an extra wavelength region such as infrared rays and ultraviolet rays from entering, but also makes it possible to select visible light in a wavelength region suitable for the growth of individual plants P.
本発明は、概ね上記のように構成されるが、本発明は図示の実施形態に限定されるものでは決してなく、「特許請求の範囲」の記載内において種々の変更が可能であって、例えば、人工光採光部２に使用する人工光源21には、蛍光灯やＬＥＤでなくとも、例えば、ＨＩＤ(放電電灯)やＬＤ(レーザダイオード)、白熱電球などを使用することも可能である。 The present invention is generally configured as described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims. For example, As the artificial light source 21 used in the artificial light daylighting unit 2, for example, an HID (discharge lamp), an LD (laser diode), an incandescent bulb, or the like can be used instead of a fluorescent lamp or LED.
また、太陽光採光部１の集光器11には、一枚の放物面鏡又は１〜２枚の球面鏡から成る縮小投影光学系を使用することもでき、また分散素子に関しても、プリズム以外の回折格子やグリズム等を使用することができ、上記何れのものも本発明の技術的範囲に属する。 Further, the condensing unit 11 of the sunlight collecting unit 1 can use a reduction projection optical system composed of one parabolic mirror or one or two spherical mirrors. Any of the above-mentioned diffraction gratings, grisms, and the like can be used, and any of the above belongs to the technical scope of the present invention.
近年、「食」の問題が重要視されるようになったことにより、見た目や安全性に優れた野菜を季節や天候に左右されず狭い土地で効率良く大量生産できる植物工場の開発が進められている。一方、植物工場を実用化するためには導入・運営コストの低減および省エネルギー化の要請にも対応する必要がある。 In recent years, with the emphasis on the problem of “food”, the development of plant factories that can efficiently mass-produce vegetables with excellent appearance and safety in a small land, regardless of the season or weather. ing. On the other hand, in order to put a plant factory into practical use, it is necessary to respond to requests for reduction in introduction and operation costs and energy saving.
そのような中で、本発明の植物工場照明装置は、空調設備などの導入コストおよび照明や空調にかかる電気代や人件費などの運営コストを削減でき、同時に省エネルギー化も図れる有用な技術であるため、市場における需要は大きく、その産業上の利用価値は非常に高い。 Under such circumstances, the plant factory lighting device of the present invention is a useful technology that can reduce the introduction cost of air conditioning equipment and the like, and the operation cost such as the electricity bill and labor cost for lighting and air conditioning, and at the same time energy saving. Therefore, the demand in the market is large and its industrial utility value is very high.
１ 太陽光採光部
11 集光器
11a 放物面鏡
11b 球面鏡
２ 人工光採光部
21 人工光源
21a 蛍光灯
21b ＬＥＤ
22 集光機構
３ 光伝送ライン
31 入射端部
32 出射端部
４ 室内照明部
41 保護カバー材
５ 光検出器
Ｆ 植物工場
Ｃ 栽培室
Ｐ 植物
1 sunlight lighting department
11 Concentrator
11a Parabolic mirror
11b Spherical mirror 2 Artificial light collection unit
21 Artificial light source
21a Fluorescent light
21b LED
22 Condensing mechanism 3 Optical transmission line
31 Incident end
32 Outlet end 4 Indoor lighting
41 Protective cover 5 Photodetector F Plant factory C Cultivation room P Plant
Claims (6)
前記植物工場Ｆの外部に配置され、太陽光の集光器11を備えた太陽光採光部１と；同じく前記植物工場Ｆの外部に配置され、人工光源21を備えた人工光採光部２と；石英系光ファイバが使用され、かつ、前記太陽光採光部１および人工光採光部２に配置された入射端部31で受光した光を配線先の前記植物工場Ｆの栽培室Ｃ内に導入可能な光伝送ライン３と；前記植物工場Ｆの栽培室Ｃ内の植物近傍に設けられ、前記光伝送ライン３の出射端部32が配置されて伝送された光を植物Ｐに照射可能な室内照明部４とを含んで構成され、
前記太陽光採光部１及び人工光採光部２で発生する熱を植物工場Ｆの外部に隔離して工場内の発生熱を抑制可能としたことを特徴とする植物工場照明装置。 A lighting device of a plant factory F having a cultivation room C in which direct incidence of external light is blocked,
A daylighting unit 1 provided outside the plant factory F and provided with a solar concentrator 11; and an artificial light daylighting unit 2 also provided outside the plant factory F and provided with an artificial light source 21; A silica-based optical fiber is used, and the light received at the incident end 31 arranged in the solar light collecting unit 1 and the artificial light collecting unit 2 is introduced into the cultivation room C of the plant factory F as a wiring destination. A possible light transmission line 3; a room which is provided in the vicinity of the plant in the cultivation room C of the plant factory F and in which the plant P can be irradiated with the light transmitted by the emission end 32 of the light transmission line 3 being arranged. And the illumination unit 4.
A plant factory lighting device characterized in that the heat generated in the sunlight daylighting unit 1 and the artificial light daylighting unit 2 is isolated outside the plant factory F so that the heat generated in the factory can be suppressed.
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| JP2014209863A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-11-13 | 住友林業株式会社 | Wall surface greening structure using reflector |
| CN103299840A (en) * | 2013-06-15 | 2013-09-18 | 张进 | Intelligent full spectrum plant supplementary lighting system |
| WO2020204858A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | Bogazici Universitesi | A lighting system for multi-layer greenhouses |
| CN114206098A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2022-03-18 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Lighting device and lighting method for at least one plant |
| US11982413B2 (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2024-05-14 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Lighting device and lighting method for at least one plant |
| IT202100015074A1 (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-09 | Germina S R L | System for the cultivation of photosynthetic living beings, such as plants or similar |
| WO2022259120A1 (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-15 | Germina S.r.l. | System for the cultivation of photosynthetic organisms, such as plants or the like |
| KR102450779B1 (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-10-06 | 한경대학교 산학협력단 | Solar lighting control system for underground park creation |
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