JP2011194324A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher capable of controlling variation of grain sizes of a target material after crushing.SOLUTION: The crusher is for crushing a target material by stirring a mixture of the target material and a medium for crushing and includes a container, a rotation shaft arranged in the container and a stirring member fixed to the rotation shaft and stirring the mixture of the target material and the medium for crushing arranged in the container by moving within the container with the rotation of the rotation shaft. It is equipped with a moving mechanism moving at least a part of the inside wall surface of the container in the radial direction of the container.

Description

  The present invention relates to a pulverizing apparatus and a pulverizing method using the same.

  As an example of an apparatus for adjusting the particle size of a powder, for example, a pulverizing apparatus used for adjusting the size (particle diameter) of a ceramic powder used as a ceramic raw material is described in Patent Document 1 below. .

  FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a pulverizing apparatus 100 described in Patent Document 1 below. The pulverizing apparatus 100 includes a container 101 in which a pulverizing medium such as ceramic beads is disposed, a rotating shaft body 102 disposed in the container 101, and a stirring member 104 fixed to the rotating shaft body 102.

  In the pulverizing apparatus 100, a rotating member 102 is rotated to rotate the stirring member 104 while supplying a fluid in which ceramic powder is mixed with slurry, for example, into a container 101 in which a pulverizing medium is disposed. . In the pulverizer 100, the rotation causes a collision between the powder medium and the object to be pulverized, thereby pulverizing the object to be pulverized to obtain the object to be pulverized in a desired size.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-142481

  In such a pulverizing apparatus, in the pulverizing process, the inner wall 101a of the container of the pulverizing apparatus 100, the pulverizing medium, the stirring member 104, and the like are in contact with the object to be pulverized with a strong pressure. Therefore, in the pulverizing apparatus 100, the inner wall 101a, the pulverizing medium, the stirring member 104, and the like are worn with the passage of time of the process to be processed, and the size of the space inside the container 101 is gradually increased.

  As described above, in a conventional pulverizing apparatus such as the pulverizing apparatus 100, wear progresses with the lapse of time of the pulverizing process. For this reason, with the passage of time in the pulverization process, the space inside the container is deformed and the size of the internal space is increased, and accordingly, the pressure applied to the fluid gradually decreases and is applied to the object to be crushed. Mechanical energy decreases with time. In the conventional pulverization apparatus as described in Patent Document 1, when the material to be pulverized is continuously pulverized, the particle size of the material to be pulverized, for example, the average particle size, is the elapsed time of pulverization. There was a problem of fluctuating with.

  An object of this invention is to provide the grinding | pulverization apparatus which can suppress the fluctuation | variation of the particle size of the to-be-ground material after grinding | pulverization in view of this problem.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a pulverizing apparatus for agitating a mixture of a material to be pulverized and a pulverizing medium to pulverize the material to be pulverized, the container being disposed in the container. The rotating shaft that stirs the mixture of the pulverizing medium and the object to be crushed disposed in the container by moving in the container with the rotation of the rotating shaft body. A moving member for moving at least a part of the inner wall surface of the container and changing a distance between at least a part of the inner wall surface and the axis of the rotary shaft body, and a stirring member fixed to the body, There is provided a crusher characterized by having.

  According to the present invention, fluctuations in the particle size of the pulverized material after pulverization can be suppressed, and a pulverized material having a stable particle size over a long period of time can be obtained. Further, in the pulverizing apparatus, the frequency of replacement of the members accompanying wear can be reduced, and the pulverization can be performed with stable performance over a long period of time.

(A) is sectional drawing of the grinding | pulverization apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a perspective view which shows a part of (a) grinding | pulverization apparatus. (A) is sectional drawing of the part which has a moving mechanism when the grinding | pulverization apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is seen from a rotating shaft direction, (b) is sectional drawing of the part which does not have a moving mechanism. (A) is a perspective view when cutting out and observing a part of crushing device concerning one embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a CC sectional view of (a), and (c) is an inner wall of (b). It is sectional drawing which shows the state which moved. (A) is a perspective view when cutting out and observing a part of crushing device concerning other embodiments of the present invention, (b) is DD sectional view of (a), and (c) is of (b). It is sectional drawing which shows the state which moved the inner wall. The perspective view when a part of crushing device concerning other embodiments of the present invention is cut out and observed, (b) is an EE sectional view of (a). It is a cross section of the grinding | pulverization apparatus which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. (A) is a perspective view of the stirring member used for the grinding | pulverization apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a top view of (a), (c) is sectional drawing of (a). (D) is a perspective view of a stirring member used in a pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, (e) is a plan view of (d), and (f) is a sectional view of (e). (A) is a perspective view of the stirring member used for the grinding | pulverization apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a top view of (a), (c) is sectional drawing of (a). (D) is a perspective view of a stirring member used in a pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, (e) is a plan view of (d), and (f) is a sectional view of (e). (A) is a perspective view of the stirring member used for the grinding | pulverization apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a top view of (a), (c) is sectional drawing of (a). (D) is a perspective view of a stirring member used in a pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, (e) is a plan view of (d), and (f) is a sectional view of (e). It is sectional drawing of the conventional grinding | pulverization apparatus.

  Hereinafter, a pulverizing apparatus and a pulverizing method using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1-3 is a figure explaining the grinding | pulverization apparatus 40 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, respectively. FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the crushing device 40, and FIG. 1B is a schematic perspective view showing a part of the crushing device of FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a part of the crusher 40 (a part corresponding to a moving mechanism described later), and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of another part of the crusher 40. Moreover, Fig.3 (a) is the schematic perspective view which cut out and observed a part of crushing apparatus 40, (b) and (c) are CC sectional drawing of (a).

  The crushing device 40 includes a container 2, a rotating shaft body 4 that rotates in the container 2, a plurality of stirring members 6 that are disposed along the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft body 4 and are fixed to the rotating shaft body 4, A supply port 10 a for supplying the material to be crushed into the container 2, a discharge port 10 b for discharging the material to be crushed from the container 2, and a moving mechanism 34 described later are provided.

  A pulverizing medium 8 is accommodated in the container 2. The grinding medium 8 is made of, for example, ceramic balls. The material of the ceramic balls is preferably alumina, zirconia, or silicon nitride. The size of the ball may be, for example, an average outer diameter of 0.2 to 30 mm.

  The container 2 has fixed walls 14 and 14 a and a movable wall 16, each constituting the inner wall surface of the container 2. The movable wall 16 that is a part of the moving mechanism 34 is movable in a direction approaching the rotary shaft body 4 (first direction D1) and in a direction away from the rotary shaft body 4 (second direction D2). There is a support wall 14 a outside the movable wall 16. The support wall 14 a is fixed to the fixed wall 14. The moving mechanism 34 is configured such that the movable wall 16 is attached to a known moving mechanism that is installed on the support wall 14a and includes, for example, a motor and a ball screw. The movable wall 16 and the fixed wall 14 are in contact with each other so that the airtightness between them is maintained. The fixed wall 14 and the movable wall 16 of the container 2 are not particularly limited with respect to the main components thereof such as resin, metal, ceramics and the like. From the viewpoint of improving wear resistance, the inner wall surface of the container 2 is particularly preferably made of a ceramic having excellent wear resistance.

  A known pressure sensor 22 using, for example, a piezoelectric element or the like is attached to the movable wall 16 of the container 2. The pressure sensor 22 detects the magnitude of pressure that the movable wall 16 receives from the inside of the container 2. The pressure sensor 22 and the moving mechanism described above are connected to a control device (not shown). This control device receives information detected by the pressure sensor 22 in time series, and controls the operation of the moving mechanism according to the received information.

  The rotating shaft body 4 is connected to a motor (not shown), and is configured to be rotatable around the axis C of the rotating shaft body 4 by the motor 30. The material of the rotating shaft 4 is not particularly limited, such as metal or ceramic, but it is preferable that the main component is ceramic from the viewpoint of wear resistance.

  The stirring member 6 is joined to the rotary shaft body 4 and moves inside the container 2 as the rotary shaft body 4 rotates. The stirring member 6 is a plate-like member provided with a shaft hole 32 through which the rotating shaft body 4 is inserted, and a convex portion 24 is provided on the surface of the plate-like member.

The crusher 40 is used as follows, for example. The container 2 is filled with 750 g of a grinding medium 8 made of, for example, an alumina ball having a diameter of 1 mm, and the rotating shaft 4 is rotated at, for example, 2000 rpm, alumina powder having an average particle size of 10 μm (to be ground) The slurry in which water is dispersed in water is supplied from the supply port 10a and discharged from the discharge port 10b. In the container 2, the fluid in which the material to be crushed (alumina powder) and the pulverizing medium 8 are mixed with the slurry moves from the supply port 10a side to the discharge port 10b side. In the pulverizer 40, the fluid is stirred by the stirring member 6 until the slurry introduced from the supply port 10a is discharged from the discharge port 10b, and the pulverizing medium 8 and the object to be crushed mainly collide with each other. Thus, the object to be crushed is pulverized, and the particle size of the object to be pulverized is adjusted.

  The crushing apparatus 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a moving mechanism 34 that changes the distance between at least a part of the inner wall surface of the container 2 and the axis of the rotary shaft body 4. In the pulverizing apparatus 40, the movable wall 16 including a wall surface constituting a part of the inner wall surface of the container 2 can be moved along the radial direction of the container 2 by the moving mechanism 34.

  The moving mechanism 34 is configured to be able to move the movable wall 16 constituting a part of the inner wall of the container 2 in a direction approaching the rotary shaft body 4 (first direction) and a direction away from it (second direction). Yes.

By adjusting the position of the movable wall 16 by the moving mechanism 34, the cross-sectional area of the container 2 at a part corresponding to the movable wall 16 and, by extension, the volume inside the container 2 at this part can be adjusted.

  For example, when the pulverization process is started in a state where the inner wall surface of the movable wall 16 substantially coincides with the position of the inner wall surface of the other part, the position of the movable wall 16 is as shown in FIG. ). When the movable wall 16, the rotating shaft 4, and the stirring member 6 of the container 2 are worn with the lapse of the pulverization time, the size of the internal space of the container 2 gradually increases, and the fluid (slurry) supplied into the container 2 The pressure applied to the object to be pulverized and the pulverizing medium 8 is reduced. In this case, the pressure applied to the inner wall surface of the container 2 is also reduced, and the magnitude of the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 22 provided on the movable wall 16 is also reduced. When detecting the fluctuation of the pressure, the above-described control device moves the movable wall 16 along the direction in which the pressure applied to the inner surface of the movable wall 16 increases, that is, the first direction (FIG. 3C). As a result, the pressure applied to the fluid is increased, and the decrease in internal pressure with the progress of the pulverization process is suppressed, that is, the decrease in pulverization energy applied to the object to be pulverized is suppressed, and the entire pulverization process time is prolonged. In addition, fluctuations in the pulverized particle size can be suppressed small.

  In the pulverizer 40, the pressure applied to the fluid in the container can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the movable wall even if the member is worn. For this reason, even when the size of the space in the container fluctuates due to wear, the magnitude of the pressure applied to the fluid can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the movable wall without replacing the member. it can. As described above, the pulverizing apparatus 40 can reduce the frequency of replacement of the members accompanying wear and perform the pulverization process with stable performance over a long period of time.

  In the pulverization process, the pressure applied to the inner wall from the object to be pulverized is not limited to decrease with time. Conversely, when the viscosity of the slurry increases during pulverization, the movable wall 16 moves from the pulverizing solvent zone and the object to be pulverized. The pressure received is increased, and the pulverized particle size may be reduced. In this case, the pulverizing apparatus 40 can also prevent the pulverized particle size from changing small by moving the movable wall 16 in the second direction D2. The pulverizer 40 adjusts the position of the movable wall 16 so that the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 22 is constant, thereby suppressing a change with time in the pulverized particle size of the pulverized material.

  As shown to Fig.1 (a), it is preferable that the supply port 10a is provided in the one side of the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft body 4, and the discharge port 10b is provided in the other side of the longitudinal direction. By selecting this structure, the object to be crushed is pulverized while moving a long distance from one side to the other side in the longitudinal direction, so that the object to be pulverized can be efficiently pulverized to a small particle size.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the movable wall 16 is disposed at a position closer to the discharge port 10b side than the supply port 10a. The fluid inside the container 2 generally receives a larger pressure (and thus a larger pulverization energy) on the discharge port 10b side than on the supply port 10a side. For this reason, when the moving mechanism 34 is provided at a position close to the discharge port 10b, the amount of pulverization energy received by the object to be pulverized can be adjusted efficiently. Thereby, the fluctuation | variation of the grinding | pulverization particle size of a to-be-ground material can be suppressed efficiently.

  In the pulverization apparatus, it is preferable that the supply port 10a is formed in the direction of gravity and the discharge port 10b is formed in the direction opposite to the gravity. Since the material to be crushed receives greater pulverization energy on the discharge port 10b side than on the supply port 10a side, the material to be crushed can be crushed more efficiently if the pulverization efficiency of the material to be crushed on the supply port 10a side can be increased. . By forming the supply port 10a in the direction of gravity and the discharge port 10b in the direction opposite to the gravity, the pulverization energy received by the object to be crushed increases, so that the fluctuation of the pulverized particle size can be further suppressed while reducing the pulverized particle size. it can.

  4 and 5 are diagrams showing another embodiment of the present invention. 4 and 5, the same configurations as those in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 4 and 5 (a) are schematic perspective views of a part of the pulverizing apparatus cut out and observed, and (b) and (c) are cross-sectional views of (a). The pulverizing apparatus may be configured so that the entire inner surface can move integrally as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of movable walls 16 may be combined, and the movable walls 16 of each part may be formed to be independently movable. When the movable wall 16 is divided into a plurality of pieces as shown in FIG. 5, the pressure received by the movable wall 16 can be controlled for each movable wall, and the pulverized particle size can be adjusted and managed with higher accuracy. When the movable wall 16 is integrally formed as shown in FIG. 4, it is difficult to form a step between the respective movable walls, so that contamination of impurities caused by wear of the step is reduced. When it is desired to reduce impurities, the configuration of FIG. 4 is preferably used.

  The shape of the fixed wall 14 is not limited to the form shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and may be configured to have a partially curved shape as shown in FIG. 6 and a substantially circular cross section, for example. Good. In this case, the grinding medium 8 is easily rotated in the container 2 as the stirring member 6 is rotated, so that the grinding efficiency is improved. The shape of the inner wall of the container 2 is not particularly limited.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the agitation member 6 provided in the crusher 40. (A) is a perspective view of the 1st plate-shaped body 36, (b) is a top view, (c) is sectional drawing. Further, (d) is a perspective view of the second plate-like body 38, (e) is a plan view, and (f) is a sectional view.

  The stirring member 6 of the pulverizing apparatus 40 is a pulverizing apparatus having a structure in which the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft 4 and the main surface direction of the stirring member 6 are substantially orthogonal to each other, and the stirring member 6 has a main surface 18a. , 18b has a plurality of protrusions (convex portions 24), and the stirring member 6 is a first in which a plurality of through holes 20 are formed between the rotating shaft body 4 side and the outer peripheral side of the stirring member 6. It is preferable to have a plate-like body 36 and a second plate-like body 38 in which no through hole is formed. When the supply amount of the material to be pulverized is constant, the longer the path of the material to be crushed from the 10a supply port to the discharge port 10b, the more efficiently the pulverization energy can be transmitted to the material to be pulverized. The particle size becomes smaller. For example, when the first plate-like body 36 and the second plate-like body 38 are alternately attached to the rotary shaft body 4, the fluid that has passed through the through hole 20 of the first plate-like body 36 is A relatively long path is generated that moves around the outer periphery of the second plate-like body and moves so as to pass through the through-hole 20 of the next first plate-like body 36. Thereby, a grinding | pulverization particle size can be made small, suppressing the fluctuation | variation of the grinding | pulverization particle size of a to-be-ground material.

  The stirring member 6 is preferably made of a ceramic body. Since the stirring member 6 contacts the grinding medium 8 and the material to be ground with a strong force, the stirring member 6 is easily worn. If the abrasion of the stirring member 6 is suppressed, it is possible to suppress a decrease in pulverization energy received by the object to be pulverized. For this reason, the fluctuation | variation of the grinding | pulverization particle size of a to-be-ground material can further be suppressed by comprising the stirring member 6 with the ceramic body excellent in abrasion resistance.

  The shape of the stirring member is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, a configuration in which protrusions are provided only on one surface may be used. As shown in FIG. 9, the number of protrusions is other than four. The number of protrusions is not particularly limited. Moreover, as shown to Fig.9 (a)-(c), the structure provided with an oval through-hole may be sufficient, and it does not specifically limit about the shape of a through-hole.

In the pulverization method using the pulverizer, it is preferable to supply the material to be pulverized using the pulverizer 40 to the supply port 10a again. In particular, when the material to be pulverized is difficult to pulverize, if the pulverized material to be pulverized is supplied again to the supply port 10a and repeatedly pulverized, it can be easily pulverized to a desired pulverized particle size. According to this pulverization method, the pulverized particle size of the material to be pulverized is once measured, and the pulverization can be repeated intermittently or continuously until the desired pulverized particle size is obtained. The particle size can be controlled.

(Experimental example 1: inner wall fixation, 1,000 g)
In the wet pulverization apparatus shown in FIG. 1, 750 g of an alumina pulverization medium having a diameter of 1 mm is filled in a container 2 and alumina powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm is added to water in a state where the rotating shaft 4 is rotated at 2000 rpm. 1000 g in terms of alumina powder was passed once at a flow rate of 120 ml / min. As a result, the average particle size after pulverization was 3 μm. In addition, the magnitude | size of the container 2 was made into the internal diameter 84mm and length 120mm. The stirring member 6 was an alumina sintered body having a thickness of 8 mm and an outer diameter of 70 mm. The first plate-like body 36 and the second plate-like body 38 shown in FIG. 9 were alternately arranged.

(Experimental example 2: Inner wall fixing, 10,000 g)
Under the same conditions as in Example 1, 10000 g in terms of alumina powder was passed through the container 2 and pulverized. The pulverized particle size of 1000 g at the beginning of pulverization was an average particle size of 3 μm, but the final 1000 g average particle size was increased to 3.8 μm.

(Experimental example 3: inner wall partial movement, 10,000 g)
Under the conditions of Reference Example 2, during the pulverization, the movable wall 16 was moved 20 μm in the first direction D1 immediately after pulverizing about 5000 g of about half of the alumina powder. As a result, thereafter, the average particle diameter of the alumina powder was constant at 3.1 μm until the end of pulverization.

(Experimental example 4: movement of entire inner wall, 10,000 g)
The movable wall 16 was pulverized under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the structure of FIG. The movable wall 16 was moved 30 μm in the first direction D1. As a result, the average particle diameter of 1000 g before the completion of pulverization in terms of alumina powder was 3.0 μm.

  As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that when the inner wall of the container was moved, fluctuations in the particle size in the pulverization treatment could be suppressed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Container 4 Rotating shaft body 6 Stirring member 8 Crushing medium 10a Supply port 10b Discharge port 12 Movement mechanism 14 Fixed wall 16 Movable wall 18a, 18b: Main surface 20 Through-hole 22 Pressure sensor 24 Convex part 30 Motor 40 Crusher

Claims (9)

A pulverizing apparatus for agitating a mixture of a material to be ground and a grinding medium to grind the material to be ground,
A container,
A rotating shaft disposed in the container;
Stirring fixed to the rotating shaft body that stirs the mixture of the grinding medium and the object to be ground disposed in the container by moving in the container as the rotating shaft body rotates. A member, and
A crushing apparatus comprising: a moving mechanism that moves at least a part of an inner wall surface of the container and changes a distance between at least a part of the inner wall surface and an axis of the rotating shaft body. The container is
A supply port for the object to be crushed;
A discharge port for the object to be crushed, provided at a position separated from the supply port along the axial direction of the rotating shaft body;
The pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: The inner wall surface moved by the moving mechanism is
The pulverization apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pulverization apparatus is closer to the discharge port than the supply port.   The pulverization apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the supply port is disposed vertically further with respect to the discharge port. The container includes two fixed inner walls facing each other,
The moving mechanism has a movable inner wall surface arranged in a gap between the two fixed inner wall surfaces and movable along the fixed inner wall surface, and moving means for moving the movable inner wall surface. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The grinding medium is a grinding ball member;
The pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the object to be pulverized is ceramic powder.   The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an inner wall surface of the container contains ceramic as a main component.   The pulverizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the stirring member contains ceramic as a main component. A pressure measuring unit for detecting pressure applied to the inner wall of the container;
A pulverizing apparatus comprising: adjusting means for controlling a moving state of the inner wall surface by the moving mechanism according to a measurement result by the pressure measuring unit.

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