JP2011193859A - Culture soil soaking system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for warming culture soil, which comprises setting a heater under field crops to promote growth of the field crops planted in the culture soil, wherein the field crops uniform in growth thereof, providing few defective products and high in quality are produced by uniforming the temperature of the culture soil.SOLUTION: There is provided a method for promoting culture of field crops by setting a heater at the under side of the culture soil planted with field crops, wherein a thermally conductive carbon graphite sheet is set to be almost horizontal in the vicinity of the heater to attain horizontal thermal uniformity of the heater.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for promoting the growth of crops by placing a heater in the soil in a method for promoting the growth of crops to warm the vicinity of the roots of the crops.

  Technology that grows crops in a short period of time and technology that cultivates crops out of season brings about increased agricultural efficiency and added value. In particular, if the harvesting time is shifted and the shipping time to the market can be adjusted, the market can be sold at a higher price than usual. The central technology that makes these possible is artificial improvement of breeding and growth environment. The typical method for changing the growth environment is greenhouse cultivation. The growth of crops is controlled by controlling the atmospheric temperature in the greenhouse or by installing a heater in the soil and controlling the temperature in the soil.

  The method of arranging a heater in the soil to which the present invention is applied and controlling the temperature in the soil is particularly effective for a method of planting seeds in the soil and growing them to obtain crop seedlings in a short period of time. In addition, in the cultivation of crops in winter and cold regions, not only the outside air but also the soil becomes cold, and the crops die, which has a great influence on the crops. It is important to control the temperature.

  For example, FIG. 1 shows an example of growing crops in a greenhouse. The soil 4 is cultivated in the cover 2 with the vinyl sheet 1 to make the shape 2 and a sheathed heater 6 for controlling the atmosphere temperature of the greenhouse and heating the culture soil 3 is disposed under the crop 5, and under the sheath A plate-like heat insulating material 7 having a thickness of 20 to 30 mm is embedded substantially horizontally below the sheathed heater 6 so that the heat of the heater 6 is concentrated on the crop 5 and the heat is not diffused downward. By energizing the sheathed heater 6, the temperature of the culture soil 3 is controlled to 20 to 30 ° C., and the cultivation of the crops 5 planted in the culture soil 3 is promoted. Thereby, for example, in the case of growing pepper seedlings from seeds, the growth of seedlings is promoted three times as compared with the case where only the ambient temperature is controlled in the greenhouse. However, since the soil generally has a low thermal conductivity, when the linear heater 6 such as a sheathed heater is embedded at intervals, the temperature in the soil around the sheathed heater 6 is higher than the other portions. Therefore, as a result, a difference in the growth of the crop is caused by the variation in the temperature distribution, and the quality of the crop is lowered. As a result, for example, in the production of seedlings, the length of the seedlings is different, so that there is a problem that short and long ones that cannot be automatically planted by a subsequent machine are generated.

  In addition, in order to improve the temperature distribution in the method of FIG. 1, a method of growing using a seedbed container as shown in FIG. 2 has been proposed. In this, a seed bed container 8 made of a synthetic resin molded body is used to plant a crop 5 in a seed state, a rice husk 9 is laid on the lower side of the seed bed container 8 with a thickness of 20 mm to 30 mm, and a space is provided below the paddle shell 9. The sheathed heater 6 is disposed. The heat of the heater makes the temperature uniform by the convection of the air in the chaff 9, but the movement of the air in the horizontal direction is not sufficient, and a sufficient temperature uniformity is not always obtained. Therefore, it was necessary to take measures to ensure the same growth throughout the entire growing period, such as moving the nursery container many times during the growing period and changing places.

JP 2008-253186 A (Patent Document 1) discloses a crop cropping device and cultivation for uniformly promoting the growth of a desired crop without being affected by the difference in environmental temperature of the four seasons and every day. A method is provided, comprising heating means installed in a cultivation field, and a cultivation pot disposed above the heating means, and a space for soaking is provided between the calorie heat means and the cultivation pot. The soaking space is configured by providing a support member for supporting the cultivation pot and a member surrounding the support member between the support member and the cultivation pot.
Such formation requires a space for soaking between the pot for cultivation and the support member, which has the disadvantage that the thermal efficiency is deteriorated and a space in the height direction is particularly required. Further, a structure for forming a soaking space must be prepared in advance, which has the disadvantage that the facility becomes large.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-82 (Patent Document 2) uses a greenhouse for growing crops such as vegetables. However, the energy supplied for this purpose is large, and energy savings are demanded as the price of crude oil rises. In view of the fact that the roots of crops growing in the greenhouse are spreading, that is, the main part of the medium is intensively heated. A wave tube is buried, a microwave transmitter is connected to one end of the wave tube, and a magnetron is transmitted into the waveguide. The magnetron leaks from the slit antenna, and a dielectric material previously coated around the dielectric material and They hit the soil and heat them. In order to warm the culture medium of this crop, in the present invention, the dielectric constant is increased by, for example, forcing oxidation of the slag generated in the electric furnace, for example, by using a plastic pipe for the waveguide and forcibly oxidizing the medium. By using the crushed material (dielectric material) and the like, the thermal efficiency is improved.
The heating using such a microwave has a disadvantage that a microwave transmitter and a waveguide must be prepared and a special device is required. Moreover, since such an apparatus is expensive, there is a disadvantage that the cost increases.

  In JP 2009-72202 A (Patent Document 3), it is possible to efficiently cultivate and cultivate crops by heating soil such as agricultural fields, and in summer, soil heat disinfection is performed in combination with solar heat. A planting soil heating device that employs a heat pipe that is capable of heat storage, has a large heat radiation area, and can be applied sufficiently even on sloping lands, and a heating device that raises the soil temperature of the plantation is embedded in the soil, and The heating heater is composed of a heating tube filled with a heat accumulator made of iron sand that surrounds the heating heater, the diameter of the heating tube is in the range of 30 to 150 mm, and a predetermined position in the heating tube A heating control device for an electric heater that controls the temperature of the heat storage body within a set temperature range is provided. Such an agricultural soil heating device uses iron sand as a burning means, and therefore iron iron is mixed in the soil, which causes soil contamination, and / or the types of crops to be cultivated thereafter. Inconvenience such as limitation may occur.

JP 2008-253186 A JP 2009-82 A JP 2009-72202 A

The object of the invention of wood wishes is to stabilize the environmental temperature for the cultivation of crops, mainly by equalizing the temperature in the soil in the horizontal direction, and to promote the growth without variation in the growth of the planted crops. A method is provided.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting cultivation that can be easily installed by agricultural workers and contractors by easily equalizing heat without requiring large-scale equipment. .
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting the growth of agricultural products without adding special substances to the soil and thereby preventing soil alteration and contamination.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting the growth of agricultural products, which is inexpensive and has a very advantageous cost. The above-described problems and other problems of the present invention will be made clear by the technical idea of the present invention described below and the embodiments thereof.

The main invention of the present application is a method of accelerating the growth of crops by arranging a heater below the culture soil in which the crops are planted. The present invention relates to a culture soil soaking system characterized in that a graphite sheet is laid almost horizontally and the heat of the heater is made uniform in the lateral direction.
Here, the carbon graphite sheet is obtained by firing a sheet of natural graphite rolled into a sheet or a plastic film such as polyimide in a vacuum or in an inert atmosphere. In addition, since the agricultural work environment involves moisture, a water resistant film may be bonded to the outer surface.
The thermal conductivity of the carbon graphite sheet is 100 to 1600 W / mk (watt / meter kelpin). Further, it is more effective that a heat insulating material is disposed on the lower side of the sheathed heater so that the heat of the sheathed heater does not spread to the lower side of the soil but concentrates on the roots of the crop above the heater.
When a seedbed container is used for growing seedlings, the seedbed container is placed on top of the heat conductive graphite sheet, filled with culture soil, and planted with crops.

  The main invention of the present application is a method for increasing the temperature of the culture soil by placing a heater below the culture soil in which the crop is planted to promote the growth of the crop. A heat conductive carbon graphite sheet is laid almost horizontally on the lower side, the heat of the heater is dispersed in the horizontal direction, and the temperature of the culture soil is made uniform in the horizontal direction. In such a growth promotion method, since a graphite sheet is laid almost horizontally in the vicinity of the heater, almost no manpower is required. Moreover, the heat conductive carbon graphite sheet which rolled natural graphite is very cheap, and installation of an installation is possible at low cost.

It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the culture soil heating method which arrange | positions the sheathed heater in the conventional soil, warms the vicinity of the root of agricultural products, and promotes the growth of agricultural products. In the method of growing using a seedbed container, it is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the conventional culture soil heating method which warms the vicinity of the crop root by combining a seed heater and rice husk and promotes the growth of the crop. It is the principal part longitudinal cross-section men's which shows the culture soil soaking system concerning the 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the state which covered the carbon graphite sheet with the waterproof material. It is sectional drawing of the state which stuck the waterproof sheet on the carbon graphite sheet. It is sectional drawing of the state which bonded together the edge part of the carbon graphite sheet with the waterproof sheet. It is sectional drawing of the state which has arrange | positioned the waterproof sheet on the upper and lower sides of a carbon graphite sheet. It is sectional drawing of the state which added the air convection layer to the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view in case the air convection layer added to this invention is a corrugated cardboard structure. It is the graph which showed the temperature distribution of the conventional culture soil heating method. It is the graph which showed the difference in culture soil temperature distribution in this invention. It is a longitudinal section of a seedbed container. It is sectional drawing of embodiment of this invention which uses a seedbed container. It is sectional drawing of the method of evaluating the conventional cultivation method of rice husk culture soil with a single sheathed heater. It is sectional drawing of the method of evaluating the culture soil heating method of this invention with a single seed heater. It is a graph showing the temperature distribution measurement result of FIG. It is a graph showing the temperature distribution measurement result of FIG.

  The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cultured soil leveling system. In this embodiment, the soil is formed by the soil 4 plowed and filled. The embankment portion for planting crops is culture soil 3. A plate-like heat insulating material 7 formed of a foamable resin, a foamable ceramic or the like is disposed on the lower part of the culture soil 3. A plurality of sheathed heaters 6 are arranged on the heat insulating material 7 at a predetermined interval. Further, a carpon gravite sheet 10 is disposed almost horizontally in the vicinity of the sheathed heater 6. Then, seeds are sown on the culture soil 3 at the top of the carpon graphite sheet 10 or planted with planted seedlings.

  Here, the culture soil 3 is the same soil as the culture soil used for normal crop cultivation, and is appropriately mixed with fertilizer and the like. In addition, about the culture | cultivation soil 3, it is suitable that the optimal thing is used for each crop according to various crops.

  The heat insulating material 7 embedded under the sheathed heater 6 so that the heat of the sheathed heater 6 is concentrated on the crop 5 is, for example, an inexpensive foamed polystyrene resin plate having a thickness of 20 to 30 mm or a ceramic foamed board. Is used. The plate-shaped heat insulating material 7 increases heat efficiency by concentrating the heat from the sheathed heater 6 on the crops located on the upper side by preventing the heat from being diffused downward in the soil. The sheathed heater 6 is generally a metal resistance heating element in a coil shape or a planar shape, and is coated with a resin or rubber material for waterproofing and insulation. For example, the sheathed heater 6 is arranged along the length direction of the straw made of the culture soil 3 on the heat insulating material 7 described above. As the heating element, not only a metal-based linear heater is used, but also a heater using a planar heater or other heating element, for example, a ceramic heater, a quartz heater, an electromagnetic induction heater, or the like. Can do.

Next, the carbon graphite sheet 10 for uniformly dissipating the heat from the sheathed heater 6 in the lateral direction will be described. In general, carbon exists stably in the form of diamond, graphite (graphite), and amorphous coal cord. In particular, graphite is black opaque and has a hexagonal crystal structure, and is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
Such graphite exists in nature. A graphite sheet is obtained by selecting such natural graphite and rolling it with increased purity. Further, when an organic synthetic film such as an acrylic resin or polyimide using acrylonitrile is baked in the absence of oxygen, a sheet-like graphite is obtained.

  Here, a graphite sheet obtained by rolling a cheap naturally occurring graphite into a sheet shape is mainly used. Such an inexpensive kraftite sheet is subjected to flotation processing of raw materials such as natural scaly graphite and further subjected to a chemical treatment and then a swelling treatment. The swelling treatment is achieved by performing high-temperature rapid heating with a burner in the furnace. And after this, it rolls and shape | molds. Thereby, a sheet-like graphite sheet is obtained.

  When using such a cardboard gravite sheet as a thermally conductive graphite sheet for agriculture, the performance may be reduced if water is absorbed in the rain or in a high humidity environment. It is effective to cover with the material 11 of the nature. This material 11 is a film or sheet made of resin, rubber or the like, and is made of vinyl chloride, polyester, polypropylene, butyl rubber, natural rubber, other resin, rubber or the like. In addition, it is also effective to attach a waterproof metal to them, for example, an aluminum sheet, or to deposit aluminum on them. As shown in FIG. 5, the material 11 is directly bonded to the graphite sheet with glue, or heat is applied to melt itself to laminate. Also, as shown in FIG. 6, when laminating a waterproof film or the like on a graphite sheet, in order to prevent moisture from entering from the end of the graphite, the end is made of a structure in which the upper and lower films are directly bonded to each other to completely remove water. There is a case where the intrusion is prevented, or the bag is wrapped in a bag shape as shown in FIG. 3 or simply placed above and below the graphite sheet as shown in FIG. By doing so, the graphite sheet 10 is waterproofed.

Next, as a method for improving FIG. 3, a method of further diffusing heat by providing air convection layers above and below the graphite sheet as shown in FIG. 8 is also effective. In this diffusion layer, a method of forming a space by simply placing a panel having a space as a spacer, a method of disposing an air cap or the like as an inexpensive material, or a panel of a plastic cardboard structure as shown in FIG. Some are arranged vertically and horizontally with the sheathed heater.
Next, a mechanism for promoting the structure shown in FIG. 3 will be described. When the sheathed heater 6 is energized, the sheathed heater 6 generates heat. Since the heat insulating material 7 is disposed below, the heat from the sheathed heater 6 is transmitted upward and reaches the carbon graphite sheet 10 disposed substantially horizontally in the vicinity of the sheathed heater. The carpon graphite sheet 10 transfers the heat from the sheathed heater 6 in the lateral direction, whereby the lateral heat in the culture soil 3 can be made uniform. Therefore, the crop 5 planted in the culture soil 3 is uniformly grown without variations in temperature.

FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show the temperature distribution in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the sheathed heater wire of the culture soil with respect to the difference between the case without the graphite sheet and the case with no graphite sheet.
When the graphite sheet of FIG. 11 is provided, the temperature can be uniformized when the graphite sheet of FIG. 10 is not provided.

Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, the seedbed container 14 of FIG. 12 is used for growing crop seedlings. The nursery container 14 is a tray-like container made of vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene resin, or other resin, and has, for example, concave portions 15 that are partitioned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. It is intended to grow crops by filling with soil.
In the seedling promotion method using such a seedbed container 14, as shown in FIG. 13, the sheathed heater 6 is disposed on the top of the heat insulating material 7. A carbon graphite sheet 10 is laid in the vicinity of the sheathed heater 6. An air convection layer 12 equivalent to that shown in FIG. 8 is provided on the upper side of the carpon gravite sheet 10. The heat that has been made uniform in the horizontal direction by the carbon graph sheet 11 is further diffused in the air convection layer 12 and transferred to the bottom side of the seedbed container 13. Accordingly, the culture soil 3 partitioned by the seedbed container 14 is uniformly heated and kept warm. Therefore, it becomes possible to promote the growth of the seedlings 5 planted in the partitioned culture soil 3 on average.

  Next, FIG. 14 shows the result of testing the heat transfer condition for a single sheathed heater based on the method using the rice husk shown in FIG. For comparison, FIG. 15 shows the results of testing the heat transfer condition for a single sheathed heater based on the method shown in FIG. 7 using a graphite sheet. A sheathed heater 6 is arranged so as to penetrate the lower side of the center of the seedbed container 14 in the lateral direction, and the rice husk 9 is 30 mm thick between the seedbed container 13 and the seeded heater 6 as shown in FIG. Arranged. Further, as shown in FIG. 15, the graphite sheet 10 was disposed between the nursery container 13 and the sheathed heater 6. These were measured using a thermograph device capable of measuring the temperature of the material surface in a non-contact manner. FIG. 16 shows data of temperature distribution on the white wavy line of the nursery container of the apparatus apparatus of FIG. FIG. 17 shows temperature distribution data on the white wavy line of the nursery container of the test apparatus of FIG. As is apparent from the test results, it can be seen that the method shown in FIG. 15 transmits the heat of the sheathed heater to a greater distance than the method shown in FIG. 14, and as a result, the temperature becomes uniform. The measurement was carried out by measuring the temperature of the concave portion at the bottom of the nursery vessel from the upper side of the nursery vessel. In the graph, a narrow large valley that repeatedly appears at the same interval in the entire large temperature curve is the temperature of the top portion of the wall that partitions the nursery vessel. The nursery container is made of resin, and the wall to be divided has a height of 40 mm, so that the heat at the bottom of the nursery container is difficult to be transmitted.

  Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the illustrated embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. For example, various changes can be made to the thickness of the carbon graphite sheet 10 in the above embodiment, the structure of the water-resistant film 11 to be surrounded, and the like. Further, here, the crop 5 grown by the culture soil 3 or the seedbed container 14 can be applied to all plants, and is widely applied to, for example, houseplants such as flowers, grains such as rice, and various crops.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be widely used as a method for promoting the cultivation of crops in which a heater is disposed below the culture soil in order to heat the root portion of the crop.

1 vinyl sheet 2 plowed soil 3 culture soil 4 soil 5 crop 6 seeds heater 7 heat insulating material 8 seedbed container 9 chaff 10 graphite sheet 11 tarpaulin 12 air convection layer 13 corrugated cardboard structure 14 seedbed container 15 Nursery container recess

Claims (7)

  In the method of placing the heater under the culture soil and increasing the temperature of the culture soil to promote the growth of crops, the heat of the heater is dispersed horizontally to make the temperature of the culture soil more uniform. A culture soil soaking system with a heat conductive carbon graphite sheet laid almost horizontally in the vicinity.   In the method of placing culture soil in a seedbed container and planting seeds there to grow seedlings, a heater is placed under the seedbed container, and heat conductive carbon graphite is placed in the vicinity of the heater. system.   The main component of the carbon graphite sheet is carbon, comprising 90% by weight or more of carbon, having a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm and a thermal conductivity of 100 to 1600 W / mk. Culture soil heat system.   The culture soil soaking system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a heat insulating material is disposed on the lower side of the heater in order to prevent the heat of the heater installed in the soil from radiating heat to the lower part of the soil.   The culture soil soaking system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon graphite sheet is formed by rolling natural graphite into a sheet shape.   The culture soil soaking system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon graphite sheet covered with a waterproof film is used to improve the waterproofness of the carbon graphite sheet.   The culture soil soaking system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a convection layer of air is provided in the vicinity of the carbon graphite sheet in order to improve the horizontal thermal diffusivity of the carbon graphite sheet.

Images