JP2011179995A - Tunneling system, horizontal direction measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To measure a horizontal direction of a tunneling machine. <P>SOLUTION: A horizontal direction measuring method measures above ground the horizontal direction of the tunneling machine excavating underground in a non-open cut manner. The horizontal direction measuring method includes the steps of installing a transmitting portion in a leading body of the tunneling machine, the transmitting portion generating a magnetic field so that a line of magnetic force is oriented in the horizontal direction different from an advance direction of the leading body by a predetermined angle; and performing a magnetic field measurement step and horizontal direction detection step above ground. The magnetic measurement step horizontally maintains a normal line direction of an interlinkage surface of a receiving coil which detects the line of magnetic force, and measures a voltage generated at the receiving coil, while variably turning the normal line direction of the interlinkage surface. The horizontal direction detection step detects the horizontal direction which is different by the predetermined angle from the horizontal direction perpendicular to the normal line direction of the interlinkage surface when the measured voltage is minimized. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation system comprising a tunnel excavator that excavates underground with no excavation and a horizontal direction measuring device that measures the horizontal direction of the tunnel excavator on the ground, and the horizontal direction of the tunnel excavator in the ground. It is related with the horizontal direction measuring method measured by.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a tunnel excavator, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the tunnel excavator excavating the ground without excavation as seen from the ground side. A conventional tunneling machine 90 includes a leading conductor 95 and a fume pipe 500. The leading conductor 95 includes the excavation unit 100 and the transmission unit 900. FIG. 2 shows a state where the tunnel excavator 90 has moved from the position indicated by the dotted line to the position indicated by the solid line. An alternate long and short dash line indicates a position where a tunnel is designed (planned line 810), and a dotted line indicates a trajectory (trajectory 820) that the tunnel excavator 90 actually travels. When excavating the ground without excavation, there is an influence such as a change in soil quality, and the tunnel excavator 90 does not always travel directly below the planned line 810. Therefore, in order to control the direction of the excavation unit 100 to approach the planned line 810, the horizontal position of the tunnel excavator 90 must be measured by some method. As a method for detecting the position, a laser target method (a method for detecting a position by irradiating a laser beam from a tunnel entrance to a target surface attached to the end of the leading conductor 95), an electromagnetic method (from a transmitter) A method of detecting a position using radio waves), a prism system (a system in which a photoreceiver unit is arranged on a curved portion of a tunnel, and a position of a leading conductor is detected from the entrance of the tunnel) are known.

Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method for measuring the horizontal position of a tunnel machine by an electromagnetic method. 3-5 is a figure for demonstrating the method to measure the horizontal position of the tunnel machine shown by patent document 2. FIG. 3 is a side view of a conventional tunnel excavator, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel excavator along the line AA in FIG. 3, and a configuration of the position measuring device. FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating a principle. Transmitting section 900 generates a magnetic field so that the normal direction of the interlinkage surface of coil 910 in transmitting section 900 is the vertical direction, and magnetic lines of force 920 are directed in the vertical direction. The position measurement device 950 is disposed on the ground surface 800 and includes a first reception coil 951-A, a second reception coil 951-B, a first voltage measurement unit 952-A, and a second voltage measurement unit 952-B. The first receiving coil 951-A and the second receiving coil 951-B are arranged apart by a distance L so that the normal direction of the interlinkage plane is horizontal and coincides (see FIG. 4). When the voltage measured by the first voltage measuring unit 952-A is V _A and the voltage measured by the second voltage measuring unit 952-B is V _B , the transmitting unit 900 of the tunnel machine 90 is From the middle of the receiving coil 951-A and the second receiving coil 951-B (L / 2) × (V _A −V _B ) / (V _A + V _B )
It is measured that the position is shifted by a distance (see FIG. 5).

Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 58-11030 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-59932

  However, the measurement object of the prior art is the horizontal position of the tunnel machine 90, and the measurement interval is about 1.2 m. Moreover, the direction of the tunnel machine could only be predicted from the past horizontal position and the current horizontal position. Therefore, there is a problem that meandering or overrun occurs due to a delay in the trajectory correction. In particular, immediately after the soil change, it is difficult to estimate the behavior of the tunnel excavator 90 (how much the adjustment of the direction is effective), so this problem becomes remarkable. For example, when changing from hard soil to soft soil, the rudder is less effective. Further, when the boundary surface between the hard soil and the soft soil is inclined with respect to the traveling direction, the tunnel excavator 90 is easily bent toward the soft soil side at the boundary surface.

  An object of the present invention is to make it possible to measure the horizontal direction in order to make the correction of the trajectory of the tunnel excavator 90 efficient.

  The horizontal direction measuring method of the present invention measures the horizontal direction of a tunnel machine that excavates underground with non-open cutting. In the horizontal direction measurement method, a transmitter for generating a magnetic field is attached in a leading conductor of a tunnel machine so that magnetic field lines are directed in different horizontal directions with respect to a traveling direction of the leading conductor. Then, a magnetic field measurement step and a horizontal direction detection step are performed on the ground. The magnetic field measurement step measures the voltage generated in the receiving coil while maintaining the normal direction of the interlinkage plane of the receiving coil for detecting the magnetic field to be horizontal and rotating it so that the normal direction of the interlinkage plane changes. . The horizontal direction detecting step detects a horizontal direction that differs by a predetermined angle with respect to a horizontal direction perpendicular to a normal line direction of the interlinkage plane when the measured voltage is minimum. If the predetermined angle is, for example, 0 degrees (the same as the traveling direction) or 90 degrees (a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction), the horizontal direction is easily understood. Moreover, you may also have the horizontal angle measurement step which measures the angle which the direction detected in the horizontal direction detection step and the plan line make.

  According to the tunnel excavation system and the horizontal direction measuring method of the present invention, the current horizontal direction of the tunnel excavator can be known without using the horizontal position information measured in the past. In addition, the effectiveness of the correction amount in the direction given in the previous process can be confirmed. Therefore, the direction of the tunnel machine can be controlled appropriately, and it becomes difficult for meandering and overrun.

The figure which shows the structure of a tunnel machine. The top view which looked at the tunnel digging machine which excavates underground with non-open cutting from the ground side. The figure which looked at the conventional tunnel machine from the side. The figure which showed the cross section of the tunnel excavation machine in the AA line of FIG. 3, and the structure of the position measuring apparatus. The figure for demonstrating the principle of a position measuring apparatus. The figure which looked at the tunnel excavator of Example 1 from the side. Sectional drawing of the tunnel digging machine in the BB line of FIG. The top view which shows a mode that it is measuring using a horizontal direction measuring apparatus. The figure for demonstrating the principle of a horizontal direction measuring apparatus. 3 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of a horizontal direction measuring apparatus according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a processing flow of the horizontal direction measurement method according to the first embodiment. The figure which shows the structure of the prototype transmission coil. FIG. 9 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 of the first embodiment and showing a cross section of a transmission unit. The figure which shows the result of having measured the mode of the magnetic field in 3.5m upper direction which set the transmitting coil stationary in the state without the housing of a transmission part. The figure which shows the relationship between the angle which the tangent direction of the chain | linkage surface of a receiving coil and the direction of a line of magnetic force make, and the voltage which arises in a receiving coil. The figure which shows the relationship between the voltage which arises in a receiving coil, and earth covering. The figure which shows the measurement result at the time of arrange | positioning the transmission coil of FIG. 15 as it is, and arrange | positioning in the housing of a transmission part. The figure which shows the specific example of a horizontal direction measuring apparatus. The figure which shows the cross section of the transmission part corresponded in FIG. The top view which shows a mode that it measures using the horizontal direction measuring apparatus corresponded in FIG. 8 of Example 1. FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, the same number is attached | subjected to the structure part which has the same function, and duplication description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The appearance of the tunnel excavator of the first embodiment is the same as that of FIG. 1, and the plan view of the tunnel excavator excavating the underground without excavation is the same as FIG. 6 is a side view of the tunnel excavator of the first embodiment, FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel excavator along the line BB in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is measured using a horizontal direction measuring device. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the horizontal direction measuring apparatus, FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the horizontal direction measuring apparatus of the first embodiment, and FIG. 11 is a horizontal view of the horizontal direction of the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of a direction measuring method. The tunnel machine 10 includes a transmitter 200 that generates a magnetic field in the leading conductor 15 so that the magnetic field lines 220 are directed in horizontal directions that differ by a predetermined angle with respect to the traveling direction of the leading conductor 15. 6-8, the predetermined angle is 0 degree. That is, in FIGS. 6 to 8, the normal direction of the interlinkage plane of the transmission coil 210 coincides with the traveling direction, and the traveling direction coincides with the direction of the magnetic force lines immediately above the tunnel excavator 10. The horizontal direction measuring apparatus 300 includes a receiving coil 310, a voltage measuring unit 320, a rotating unit 330, and a direction detecting unit 340. The reception coil 310 detects the magnetic field generated by the transmission unit 200. The voltage measuring unit 320 measures an induced electromotive voltage generated in the receiving coil 310. The rotating means 330 rotates the normal direction of the interlinkage plane to change while maintaining the normal direction of the interlinkage plane of the receiving coil 310 to be horizontal. The direction detection unit 340 is configured to change the horizontal direction (the traveling direction of the transmission unit 200) by a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the interlinkage plane when the voltage measured by the voltage measurement unit 320 is minimum. ) Is detected. The horizontal direction measuring apparatus 300 may also include a horizontal angle measuring unit 350 that measures an angle formed by the horizontal direction 222 detected by the direction detecting unit 340 and the planned line 810.

Next, the processing flow of the horizontal direction measuring method will be described with reference to FIGS. First, a transmitter 200 that generates a magnetic field is attached in the leading conductor 15 of the tunnel excavator 10 so that the magnetic field lines are directed in horizontal directions that differ by a predetermined angle with respect to the traveling direction of the leading conductor 15. As described above, the predetermined angle in FIG. 8 is 0 °. Then, a magnetic field measurement step (S330) and a horizontal direction detection step (S340) are performed on the ground. In the magnetic field measurement step (S330), the normal direction of the interlinkage plane of the reception coil 310 that detects the magnetic field is maintained horizontal, and is generated in the reception coil while being rotated so that the normal direction of the interlinkage plane changes. Measure the voltage. FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the angle θ formed between the tangential direction of the interlinkage plane of the receiving coil 310 and the direction of the magnetic force line 220 and the induced electromotive voltage generated in the receiving coil. The horizontal axis indicates the angle θ formed between the tangential direction of the interlinkage surface of the receiving coil 310 and the direction of the magnetic force line 220, and the vertical axis indicates the induced electromotive voltage generated in the receiving coil. The voltage generated in the receiving coil 310 is proportional to the number of magnetic field lines 220 that cross the interlinkage plane of the receiving coil 310. Therefore, the generated voltage _Vθ is V _{(θ = 90)} when the voltage at θ = 90 ° is V _{(θ = 90)} .
V _θ = V _{(θ = 90)} × sin θ
It becomes. When θ = 0 °, the voltage is V _θ = 0. In the horizontal direction detection step (S340), a horizontal direction different from the horizontal direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the interlinkage plane when the measured voltage is minimum is detected by the predetermined angle. In the case of FIG. 8, since the predetermined angle is 0 ° (same as the traveling direction), the horizontal tangential direction of the receiving coil 310 is the traveling direction. Further, as can be seen from FIG. 9, the change amount of the voltage V _θ is large near the angle where the voltage V _θ = 0. Therefore, the horizontal direction of the tunnel machine 10 can be detected with high accuracy. Theoretically, there are two horizontal tangential directions: a forward direction and a backward direction. However, since the rough traveling direction of the tunnel machine is known in practice, it is impossible to make a mistake between the traveling direction and the backward direction. Furthermore, a horizontal angle measuring step (S350) for measuring an angle formed by the direction detected in the horizontal direction detecting step and the planned line may be included.

In the conventional tunnel excavation system, the horizontal direction of the tunnel excavator must be estimated from the past horizontal position 231 and the current horizontal position 221 (see FIG. 2). On the other hand, in the tunnel excavation system according to the first embodiment, the horizontal direction 222 of the tunnel excavator can be obtained only from the current measurement result. Further, the effectiveness of the correction amount in the direction performed based on the horizontal direction 232 measured in the past can be confirmed. Therefore, the direction of the tunnel machine can be controlled appropriately, and it becomes difficult for meandering and overrun.
[Concrete example]
Next, components necessary for the tunnel excavation system of the present invention will be specifically described. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of a prototype transmission coil, and FIG. 13 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 of the first embodiment, and is a diagram showing a cross section of the transmission unit. FIG. 12A is a view as seen from the interlinkage surface side of the transmission coil 211, and FIG. 12B is a view showing a cross section taken along the line CC in FIG. The transmission coil 211 has a structure in which a winding 2112 is wound around a ferrite core 2111.

  FIG. 14 shows the result of measuring the state of the magnetic field above 3.5 m when the transmitter coil 211 is left without the transmitter body. The measurement interval was 300 mm, and measurement was performed at 75 points. As can be seen from FIG. 14, in the range of about ± 0.5 m above the transmission coil 211, the direction of the magnetic lines of force coincides with the normal direction of the linkage surface of the transmission coil 211. Therefore, even if the horizontal direction measuring device cannot be arranged directly above the transmitter, it can be understood that the horizontal direction of the tunnel excavator can be accurately measured if it can be arranged almost directly above.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an angle formed by the tangential direction of the interlinkage plane of the receiving coil and the direction of the magnetic field lines and a voltage generated in the receiving coil. The horizontal axis indicates the angle formed by the tangential direction of the receiving coil linkage surface and the direction of the magnetic field lines, and the vertical axis indicates the voltage generated in the receiving coil. The transmitter coil 211 was used in the same manner as the experiment shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 15, the amount of change in voltage is large near an angle of 0 °. Therefore, the direction in which the angle is 0 ° can be detected with high accuracy. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the voltage generated in the receiving coil and the earth covering. A solid line is a line connecting data measured by experiments, and a dotted line is a predicted characteristic. From this result, it was found that the voltage generated in the receiving coil attenuates in proportion to the third root of the earth covering. FIG. 17 shows the measurement results when the transmitting coil 211 of FIG. 15 is arranged as it is and when it is arranged in the housing of the transmitting unit. The casing of the transmission part is made of stainless steel having high resistance and low magnetic permeability. However, since attenuation of the magnetic field in the housing is inevitable, the voltage is lower when housed in the transmitter as shown in FIG. However, in any case, the error of the angle at which the voltage is the lowest is less than 1 °, and it can be seen that the measurement can be performed with sufficient accuracy.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of a horizontal direction measuring apparatus. This horizontal direction measuring apparatus 300 ′ includes a receiving coil 310, a signal processing unit 301, a stone bump 331, and a marker 341. The winding number and size of the receiving coil 310 may be designed in consideration of the strength of the magnetic field generated by the transmitter 200, the depth of the tunnel formed by the tunnel excavator, and the like. The signal processing unit 301 includes a voltage measurement unit 320 and a horizontal angle measurement unit 350 (not shown) inside. In addition, the signal processing unit 301 confirms that the normal direction of the linkage surface of the display 321 and the receiving coil 310 that displays the output of the voltage measuring unit 320 and the horizontal angle measuring unit 350 is kept horizontal. A bubble tube 332, a handle 333, a battery 322, and the like are also provided. In the horizontal direction measuring apparatus 300 ′, a stone thrust 331, a bubble tube 332, and a handle 333 constitute rotating means. The operator may hold the handle 333 and rotate the receiving coil 310 around the stone bump 331 while confirming the level with the bubble tube 332. In the horizontal direction measuring apparatus 300 ′, the display 321, the marker 341, and the handle 333 constitute a direction detecting unit. The operator holds the handle 333 and confirms on the display 321 the direction in which the generated voltage is minimized while changing the direction of the receiving coil 310. A mark is placed on the road with the marker 341 when the generated voltage is in the minimum direction. In this way, the direction can be detected.
[Modification]
In Example 1, the direction of the magnetic force lines of the magnetic field generated by the transmitter coincides with the traveling direction of the leading conductor. However, it is not always necessary to match. This is because if the difference between the direction of the magnetic field lines and the traveling direction of the leading conductor is set to a predetermined angle, the traveling direction of the leading conductor can be determined. For example, in this modification, the predetermined angle is 90 °. 19 is a diagram illustrating a cross-section of the transmitter corresponding to FIG. 7 of the first embodiment, and FIG. 20 is a plan view illustrating a state in which measurement is performed using the horizontal direction measuring apparatus corresponding to FIG. 8 of the first embodiment. It is. The transmitting unit 200 ″ includes a transmitting coil 210 ″, and generates a magnetic field so that the magnetic lines of force 220 ″ are directed in the horizontal direction of 90 ° with respect to the traveling direction. The voltage generated in the receiving coil 310 of the horizontal direction measuring apparatus 300 The normal direction of the interlinkage surface of the receiving coil 310 when the value is minimized may be the traveling direction.

10, 90 Tunnel excavator 15, 95 Lead conductor 100 Excavator 200, 200 ′, 200 ″, 900 Transmitter 210, 210 ′, 210 ″, 910 Transmitter coil 211 Transmitter coil 300 Horizontal direction measuring device 301 Signal processor 310 Reception Coil 320 Voltage measuring unit 321 Display 322 Battery 330 Rotating unit 332 Bubble tube 333 Handle 340 Direction detecting unit 341 Marker 350 Horizontal angle measuring unit 500 Hume tube 950 Position measuring device 951 Reception coil 952 Voltage measuring unit 2111 Ferrite core 2112 Winding

Claims (4)

A tunnel excavation system comprising a tunnel excavator that excavates underground with non-open cutting and a horizontal direction measuring device that measures the horizontal direction of the tunnel excavator on the ground,
The tunnel machine is
A transmitter that generates a magnetic field in a leading conductor so that the magnetic lines of force are directed in a horizontal direction that differs by a predetermined angle with respect to the traveling direction of the leading conductor,
The horizontal direction measuring device is:
A receiving coil for detecting the magnetic field;
A voltage measuring unit for measuring a voltage generated in the receiving coil;
Rotating means for rotating so that the normal direction of the interlinkage plane changes while maintaining the normal direction of the interlinkage plane of the receiving coil horizontal;
Direction detecting means capable of detecting a horizontal direction different from the horizontal direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the interlinkage plane when the voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit is minimum, by a predetermined angle. A unique tunnel excavation system. The tunnel excavation system according to claim 1,
The horizontal direction measuring device is:
Further, the tunnel excavation system further includes horizontal angle measuring means for measuring an angle formed by the direction detected by the direction detecting means and the planned line. A horizontal direction measuring method for measuring the horizontal direction of a tunnel machine that excavates underground with non-open cutting,
In the leading conductor of the tunnel machine, a transmitter for generating a magnetic field is attached so that the magnetic field lines are directed in different horizontal directions by a predetermined angle with respect to the traveling direction of the leading conductor,
On the ground,
Magnetic field line measurement for measuring the voltage generated in the receiving coil while maintaining the normal direction of the interlinkage plane of the receiving coil for detecting the magnetic field to be horizontal and rotating so that the normal direction of the interlinkage plane changes. Steps,
A horizontal direction detecting step of detecting a horizontal direction different from the horizontal direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the interlinkage plane when the measured voltage is minimized by a predetermined angle;
A horizontal direction measuring method. The horizontal direction measuring method according to claim 3,
The horizontal direction measuring method further includes a horizontal angle measuring step of measuring an angle formed by the direction detected in the horizontal direction detecting step and the planned line.

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