JP2011178859A - Biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus that enables efficient, low-cost, and quick continued production of high-quality hydrocarbon from biomass raw materials including oil and fat. <P>SOLUTION: The biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus includes: a kneading part 2; a reaction part 3; an inert gas supply means 37; and a gas recovery means 5. The kneading part 2 performs conveyance while performing kneading of the biomass raw material with a catalyst raw material inside of a first tubular cylinder 20 including an injection opening 21 at the upstream border side thereof through which the biomass raw material and the catalyst raw material are injected. The reaction part 3 is provided with a stirring screw conveyor 32, which includes paddles 33 inside of a second tubular cylinder 30 including a receiving opening 31 at the upstream border side thereof and a plurality of gas releasing apertures 34 at the outer periphery thereof, and a high-frequency induction heating means 40 or a microwave irradiation heating means for heating inside the second tubular cylinder 30. The reaction part 3 performs conveyance downstream while performing thermochemical decomposition and gasification. The inert gas supply means 37 supplies inert gas into the second tubular cylinder 30. The gas recovery means 5 recovers decomposition gas released from the gas releasing apertures 34 of the second tubular cylinder 30. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus that can extract hydrocarbon oil from biomass raw materials (including oil residue and animal property) containing fats and oils with high efficiency and low cost.

  In recent years, attempts to extract liquid fuels from various biomass raw materials of animal and plant origin in place of fossil fuels have been actively carried out as one of the measures corresponding to carbon dioxide emission regulations. Thermochemical systems are known as energy conversion techniques for extracting liquid fuel from biomass raw materials. For example, fermentation technology for extracting bioethanol from carbohydrate-based raw materials and biomass raw materials (Patent Literatures 1 and 2), esterification technology for obtaining biodiesel by methyl esterifying animal and vegetable oils and waste cooking oil (see Patent Literatures 3 and 4), A bio-oil conversion technology (see Patent Document 5), in which a woody biomass raw material is reacted at a high temperature and a high pressure, and on the contrary, a kerosene / light oil to heavy oil fraction is obtained under mild reaction conditions at a relatively low pressure, is known.

  However, bioethanol obtained by fermentation technology has a smaller amount of heat than gasoline of the same amount, and when it is burned in an internal combustion engine, there is a possibility that more NOx or the like is emitted than gasoline combustion. In addition, infrastructure needs to be developed and may compete with food. On the other hand, the esterification technology can be used for pretreatment of raw material animal and vegetable oils such as degumming treatment, waste edible oils with large oxidation and moisture mixing, and the mixture of animal fats and vegetable oils. The cost is high, and the post-treatment such as the washing of the catalyst after the reaction and the generated glycerin is also expensive. Further, since the quality of the produced oil is generally low, problems such as filter clogging and component deterioration occur when used in a general internal combustion engine. Furthermore, it is difficult to secure a large amount of raw materials stably, and the esterification reaction takes time.

  Bio-oil technology is mainly made by thermally decomposing woody biomass at high temperature and high pressure to produce bio-oil-like bio-oil, which is mixed with fossil heavy oil in boilers as an alternative fuel for heavy oil, It is also possible to modify the bio-oil to light oil by FT distillation using GTL technology. However, the yield of bio-oil, which is the product oil, is very low, the manufacturing process is complicated, and the equipment is expensive. Therefore, it cannot be said that it has been well established as a fuel manufacturing technology that is cheap, stable and mass-produced. .

  In addition, there is also known a technique for producing fuel oil by thermally decomposing and vaporizing fats and oils and bringing the generated gas into contact with an aluminosilicate catalyst (see, for example, Patent Documents 6 and 7). However, in this method, since the pyrolysis tank and the catalyst tank are separated, the size of the manufacturing apparatus tends to be large, and the oil gas heated to a high temperature is in contact with the aluminosilicate catalyst. In addition, the gas components tend to undergo a radical reaction and polycondensate to form a complex hydrocarbon compound, which makes it difficult to obtain a high-quality fuel.

JP 2008-278825 A JP 2009-100713 A JP 2009-203346 A JP 2009-235313 A JP 2006-063310 A JP 2009-35678 A JP 2009-179785 A

  Therefore, in view of the above-described situation, the present invention intends to solve a biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus that can quickly and continuously produce high-quality hydrocarbons efficiently and at low cost from biomass raw materials containing fats and oils. Is to provide

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention has a first cylindrical cylinder having an inlet for supplying biomass raw material and catalyst raw material on the upstream end side, and depending on the conveying teeth and raw materials, crushing teeth, kneading teeth, etc. A kneading unit that provides a rotating shaft having a paddle appropriately disposed, kneads the biomass material and catalyst material charged into the cylinder by the rotating paddle, and conveys the raw material to the downstream end side while roughly crushing depending on the material And a paddle for carrying and stirring in a second cylindrical cylinder having a receiving port for receiving the raw material prepared in the kneading part on the upstream end side and having a plurality of cracked gas discharge holes on the outer peripheral part. A high-frequency induction heating means or microwave irradiation heating means for heating the inside of the second cylindrical cylinder, and the prepared raw material in the cylinder is stirred by the paddle. A reaction portion that is conveyed to the downstream side while being thermally and chemically decomposed and gasified, an inert gas supply means for supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium into the second cylindrical cylinder, and the entire reaction portion A biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus comprising a gas recovery means for recovering cracked gas discharged to the outside through the cracked gas discharge hole of the second cylindrical cylinder. (Claim 1).

  Here, it is preferable that the stirring screw conveyor is formed by passing a stirring member between pitches of screw paddles adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the non-axial screw conveyor.

  The cracked gas discharge hole is provided only on the upper surface side of the outer peripheral part of the second cylindrical cylinder, and an activated carbon filter layer or solid having the purpose of selectively adsorbing carbon dioxide outside the cracked gas discharge hole What provided the catalyst layer is preferable (Claim 3).

  Furthermore, it is preferable that a sensor for sensing the temperature and pressure in the second cylindrical cylinder is provided, and a control monitor device for precisely managing the temperature and pressure is provided.

  Further, the downstream end of the first cylindrical cylinder and the upstream end of the second cylindrical cylinder are connected via a connecting portion that blocks heat conduction from the second cylinder to the first cylinder. The biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus is a connected and integrated apparatus, and the reaction part axis is positioned below the kneading part axis. (Claim 5).

  According to the biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus according to claim 1, the biomass material and the catalyst material are conveyed while being kneaded in the first cylindrical cylinder in the kneading unit. It is a prepared raw material in a state in which it is homogeneously contacted and is efficiently subjected to thermal decomposition of fat and oil components in the biomass raw material and catalytic catalytic reaction (gasification and) decarboxylation reaction (thermochemical decomposition reaction) in the subsequent reaction part. . That is, the raw material is adjusted by uniform kneading in order to increase the contact efficiency between the raw oil and fat and the catalyst. Next, the prepared raw material is efficiently and rapidly heated by the high frequency induction heating means or the microwave irradiation heating means while being transported and stirred in the second cylindrical cylinder of the reaction section, and the fat and oil components in the prepared raw material are thermally decomposed. The decarbonization reaction occurs rapidly by instantaneously contacting with the catalyst in the prepared raw material that is in contact with the biomass raw material. Such rapid heating suppresses the generation of tar.

  As described above, in the present invention, the oil and fat component of the biomass raw material can be heated instantaneously and uniformly, and the contact portion between the raw material and the catalyst is selectively concentrated instead of heating the entire reaction furnace or the entire raw material all the time. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently perform pyrolysis gasification and decarbonation and decarbonization reaction of fats and oils in biomass raw materials, improve production efficiency, and at the same time, high quality hydrocarbon oil that is used as fuel oil Can be obtained. That is, the gas obtained by this device is cooled and condensed into crude oil, and various hydrocarbon oils can be obtained by fractionating the crude oil. Therefore, high-quality hydrocarbon oil can be produced efficiently and continuously at low cost.

  According to the second aspect of the invention, the stirring screw conveyor is formed by passing the stirring member between the pitches of the screw paddles adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the non-axial screw conveyor, so that the prepared raw material inside the cylinder is scraped. Stirring is repeated while moving between the pitches, and the mixture is pushed forward. By appropriately stirring the prepared raw material in the reaction process, the reaction time is further shortened, and the generated cracked gas can be easily recovered.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since the activated carbon filter layer or the solid catalyst layer is provided outside the cracked gas discharge hole of the second cylindrical cylinder, the activated carbon filter layer allows carbon dioxide in the cracked gas to be removed. Adsorption can be performed more selectively and efficiently, and the thermochemical decomposition reaction can be more reliably performed in the solid catalyst layer.

  According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the sensor for sensing the temperature and pressure in the second cylindrical cylinder is provided, the environment inside the reaction unit is electrically connected based on the feedback of the detected temperature and pressure data. It is possible to monitor in real time and control the raw material supply amount and rotation speed, the heating temperature by the heating means, the supply amount of inert gas, and the like based on the measurement result.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the first cylindrical cylinder constituting the kneading part and the second cylinder constituting the reaction part are integrated so as to operate with one power, so that the reaction from the kneading part. The prepared raw material is directly passed to the part, piping in the middle can be omitted, the entire apparatus can be miniaturized, and production can be performed more efficiently and at low cost. The axis of the reaction part was positioned below the axis of the kneading part. This is because the shaft of the reaction part has a crank that holds the non-axial screw conveyor, but the position of the axis of the reaction part is far below in order to provide a gear box at the connecting part and provide the crank of the non-axial screw conveyor. Located in. As a result, a crank operation occurs, the reactant does not block the upper pores (decomposed gas discharge holes), and the heat of the reaction part can be blocked from being transmitted to the kneading part.

Schematic which shows the biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Schematic which similarly shows the modification of a biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus. Schematic which shows the biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Schematic which shows the biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration of a biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus according to the present invention. FIGS. 1 and 2 are a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a second embodiment, and FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus, 2 denotes a kneading section, 3 denotes a reaction section, 4 denotes a heating means, and 5 denotes a gas recovery means.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus 1 of the present invention comprises a kneading part 2 for kneading a biomass raw material and a catalyst raw material to prepare a raw material, and a gasification and decarboxylation reaction by heating the prepared raw material. (Thermochemical decomposition reaction) is a device that is continuously provided with a reaction section 3 that does not require any work after the raw material is charged, such as insertion and removal into a separate reactor, and is a high-quality fuel oil. This is an apparatus that makes it possible to obtain hydrocarbon oil efficiently. The thermochemical decomposition reaction referred to in the present invention means that the raw oil (fatty acid) is thermally decomposed by heating at around 300 degrees Celsius and a β-cis-type elimination reaction occurs. As a result, a free fatty acid and a glycerin decomposition product are produced, Further, it refers to a reaction in which decarboxylation is promoted by a catalytic catalytic reaction with a catalyst activated at around 400 degrees Celsius and dehydrated and polymerized to form hydrocarbon oil (decomposed bra).

  Biomass raw materials can be used for both solid and liquid biomass as long as they contain fats and oils. From the viewpoint of being inexpensive, easy to obtain, and easy to handle, fats and oils (fatty acids) are stored as nutrients in seeds. Preferred is a biomass raw material of the oil plant. Among such oil plants, jatropha (Nanyo aburagiri), sunflower, sesame, rapeseed, camellia, palm palm, coconut and the like can be mentioned. Of these, it is preferable to use jatropha, palm palm, palm palm oil residue, etc. that are not food and can be produced in large quantities. Moreover, although the difference in the oil quality of the cracked oil produced | generated, the biomass raw material containing animal fats and oils, a seed coat, a fruit skin, a branch, and a leaf part may be sufficient. By drying the raw material in the shade for several days before use, excess moisture is removed, reducing energy consumption and reducing the internal pressure of the cylinder in the reaction section, saving material costs, and efficient thermochemical decomposition of fats and oils. It can be carried out. By exchanging the paddles in the kneading part, the reaction is carried out smoothly even if the raw material used is hard seed.

  The catalyst raw material should just be a catalyst which can decarboxylate the fats and oils gas from a biomass raw material. Examples thereof include sea salt, dead powder, and a catalyst in which these carbon salts are supported on activated carbon or porous silica. In particular, when an activated carbon catalyst supporting a carbon salt is used, the activated carbon portion becomes an efficient heat medium, and the heating rate to the biomass raw material is improved. Specifically, what contains CaO and / or MgO and activated carbon is preferable. Furthermore, the thing containing KOH is preferable. Moreover, since activated carbon has higher carbon dioxide selectivity than porous silica, it is effective for carbon dioxide adsorption by decarboxylation. The catalyst raw material may be charged with these components separately, or may be charged with CaO and / or MgO supported on activated carbon, for example. Furthermore, you may throw in what CaO and / or MgO, and the activated carbon raw material were carry | supported by baking beforehand. Even those before firing are fired and supported at around 300 degrees by being heated in the reaction part. Since the kneading part paddle / cylinder clearance is preferably 0.5 mm or less, the particle size of the catalyst raw material is preferably 0.5 mm or less in order to achieve a uniform phase between the biomass raw material and the catalyst raw material. .

  First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The kneading part 2 can adopt the same structure as that of a known kneader, and is provided inside the first cylindrical cylinder 20 having an inlet 21 (quantitative hopper) for feeding biomass raw material and catalyst raw material on the upstream end side. The rotary shaft 22 having the paddle 23 is provided, and the biomass raw material and the catalyst raw material introduced into the cylinder 20 by the rotating paddle 23 are kneaded and conveyed to the downstream end side. The paddle 23 is, for example, a combination of feeding screw teeth, breaking / crushing teeth, kneading teeth, and feeding screw. When the raw material is liquid, crushing teeth are not necessary. The kneading part 2 can be a single-axis type, a biaxial type, or a multi-axis type higher than that. For example, in the case of the biaxial type, it is possible to employ a configuration in which two parallel rotation shafts are provided in the axial direction, and teeth or blades having different shapes such as elliptical sections are attached to each rotation shaft. The raw material introduced into the cylinder from the introduction port 21 is conveyed in the forward direction (downstream side) while being kneaded by friction mixing between the two rotating shafts and between the cylinder inner peripheral surface. .

  At the downstream end of the first cylindrical cylinder 20 of the kneading part 2, a heat insulating material made of ceramics (ceramic wool coating or the like) is sandwiched between the upstream end side of the second cylindrical cylinder 30 constituting the reaction part 3. A connecting portion 7 to which the receiving port 31 is attached is provided, and the cylinders 20 and 30 are connected to each other through the connecting portion 7 in a state where the heat is shut off. This is to prevent the thermal decomposition reaction from occurring at the stage of insufficient kneading when the temperature is raised to the kneading part by heat conduction. The connecting part 7 has a first door on the kneading part 2 side and a second door on the reaction part 3 side. The first door is opened and closed when the raw material is loaded, and the second door is opened. Have

  The reaction unit 3 includes the receiving port 31 on the upstream end side, a discharge port 36 for discharging residues on the downstream end side, a gas supply port 37 for supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium, and a plurality of cracked gases on the outer peripheral portion. A second cylindrical cylinder 30 having a discharge hole 34 is provided, and an agitating screw conveyor 32 including a screw paddle 33 having a conveying / stirring function is provided inside the cylindrical cylinder 30. Even if the cracked gas discharge hole 34 is provided in the lower part of the cylinder, it is clogged with the reactants, so that only the upper surface is formed. The clearance between the screw paddle 33 and the inner wall of the lower part of the cylinder is 0.5 mm or less, but the upper part is to prevent the reactant attached to the paddle from blocking the gas discharge hole and to further suppress the increase in internal pressure due to the generated gas. In addition, an extra space is required, and a sufficient volume is given to the upper part of the cylinder. This can also prevent the heat capacity from increasing and the temperature of the kneading part from rising.

  And the prepared raw material discharged | emitted from the downstream end part of the 1st cylindrical cylinder 20 of the said kneading part 2 is received from the receiving port 31 via the connection part 7, and while the prepared raw material is stirred by rotation of the paddle 33, a shaft Conveyed in the direction. In other words, the raw material moves substantially continuously inside the first cylindrical cylinder 20 and the second cylindrical cylinder 30, and a series of reactions such as kneading preparation, thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere, decarboxylation, and gasification The treatment is continuously and automatically performed, and the residue is discharged from the discharge port 36. The inert gas adjusts the oxygen concentration in the internal atmosphere to near zero to prevent the raw material from burning. The discharge port 36 is provided with a spring-biased pressure valve, and when the residue accumulates over a certain amount, the valve is pushed open by pressure to discharge the residue. Thereby, the gas leak from the discharge port 36 is prevented.

  The agitating screw conveyor 32 has an agitating member 38 as shown in the figure interposed between the pitches of screw paddles 33 made of stainless steel plates adjacent to each other in the axial direction of a non-axial screw conveyor whose both ends are held by a crankshaft. The structure has a stirring function. By making the shaftless screw conveyor, heat conduction to the kneading part through the shaft can be reduced, and if the slight heat conduction is 60 degrees Celsius or less, the raw material viscosity of the kneading part is increased and workability is improved. Furthermore, heating efficiency can be improved at low cost.

  In this example, the stirring member 38 is a stirring plate having a length equal to the dimension between pitches, and is attached in a radial direction from the paddle outer peripheral edge (the peak of the mountain) to the rotation center. The width of the stirring plate is set to about half of the screw paddle width. In this example, the stirring member 38 has its end aligned with the paddle outer periphery, but a part of the stirring member may be provided in the middle of the paddle as shown in FIG. Further, the stirring member 38 may be a rod-like or linear shape other than the plate-like stirring plate, for example, one or a plurality of piano wires stretched between pitches. Such a stirring member 38 scrapes the prepared raw material in the lowermost part inside the cylinder and repeatedly stirs it while moving between the pitches and pushes it forward. The prepared raw material (substance to be heated) is basically put into the reaction section in a slurry state in which solids such as oil and fat, catalyst, etc. and seed coat and pericarp are kneaded, so by appropriately stirring the prepared raw material during the reaction process The reaction time is further shortened, and the generated cracked gas can be easily recovered.

  Further, a high frequency induction heating means 40 is provided as the heating means 4 for heating the second cylindrical cylinder 30. In this example, the upper and lower parts or the left and right parts of the cylinder wall itself are electrodes. In addition, it can also be comprised from the coil-shaped conducting wire and the power supply electrically connected to this. The cylinder wall may be a metal having a large electric resistance, and stainless steel is desirable. The prepared raw material is directly and rapidly heated by high-frequency induction heating means, resulting in gasification of fats and oils contained in the biomass raw material. In this example, since the activated carbon is kneaded as a catalyst carrier and a separate heat medium, the heating efficiency is further improved. For example, when 60 kg of raw material is subjected to a production method using a conventional ester reaction, it takes about 8 hours to produce oil, but according to the apparatus of the present invention, it takes about several minutes. Processing time can be reduced. In this reaction part 3, since rapid, high temperature, and uniform thermal decomposition is performed, tar is hardly generated from the biomass raw material, or very little. Therefore, the trouble of collecting tar can be saved and the maintenance of the apparatus becomes easy.

  The connecting portion 7 connecting the cylinders is further provided with an electromagnetic wave trap for preventing electromagnetic wave leakage. In addition, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are provided in the cylindrical cylinder 30 constituting the reaction unit 3, and the environment inside the reaction unit is electrically real-time based on feedback of the detected temperature / pressure data. Based on the measurement results, the raw material supply amount and rotation speed, the heating temperature by the heating means 4, the inert gas supply amount, and the like are adjusted.

  The rotating shaft 22 for kneading of the first cylindrical cylinder 20 and the crankshaft of the stirring screw conveyor 32 of the second cylindrical cylinder 30 are connected through a heat insulating part in the connecting part 7, and a common drive motor 90 are configured to rotate in conjunction with each other. If the rotating shaft 22 is a single shaft, it may be connected to each other with an insulating material made of ceramics or the like. In the case of a biaxial kneading rotating shaft, it is converted from two to one through a gear box, The converted output shaft and crankshaft may be connected to each other with a heat insulating material interposed therebetween. If the kneading part 2 is a biaxial type, uniform kneading is possible, and if it is a uniaxial type, the cost can be reduced. One rotating shaft itself can be made of a heat insulating material. Note that it is not always necessary to link the rotary shaft 22 and the crankshaft in this way, and it is also preferable that the rotating shaft 22 and the crankshaft are independently supported by separate bearings and the stirring screw conveyor is driven by a separate drive motor. In such a structure, since the agitating screw conveyors are separated from each other, heat is blocked between the two, and a simple structure in which the heat insulating portion is omitted can be achieved.

  On the outer peripheral surface side of the cylindrical cylinder 30, an activated carbon filter layer 35 through which gas flows in contact from the inside toward the outside is further packaged. The activated carbon filter layer 35 adsorbs carbon dioxide in the cracked gas more selectively and efficiently. The activated carbon filter layer 35 may have a cylindrical shape or may be wound with a sheet shape. Instead of the activated carbon filter layer 35, a solid catalyst layer made of the same components as the catalyst raw material described above can be used. For example, what contains CaO and / or MgO, activated carbon, and KOH is suitable. Such a solid catalyst layer can be made into a filter-like filter cloth member in which the above components are uniformly dispersed and adhered onto a carbon fiber non-woven fabric, and the catalyst component is spray-coated on the filter material and dried. Alternatively, it can be produced by immersing the filter medium in a liquid in which the catalyst component is dispersed in an aqueous solution and drying it.

  On the outer peripheral side of the second cylinder 30 constituting the reaction unit 3, the cracked gas discharged from the cracked gas discharge hole 34 of the cylinder 30 and passed through the activated carbon filter layer 35 is contained and recovered from the recovery port 81. An airtight chamber 8 is provided. The airtight chamber 8 is a container that surrounds the space on the outer peripheral side of the cylinder 30 with the activated carbon filter layer 35 and the high frequency induction heating means 40 of the heating means 4 inside, and is released to the outside of the activated carbon filter layer 35. A gas recovery means 5 for recovering the cracked gas is configured. As with the second cylindrical cylinder 30 described above, an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium is supplied from the gas supply port 82 to the hermetic chamber 8, and the oxygen concentration in the internal atmosphere is adjusted to close to zero to obtain a raw material. Prevents burning. The airtight chamber 8 is made of a material such as stainless steel that reflects high frequency from the viewpoint of the safety of the operator, and is provided with an infrared temperature sensor and a pressure sensor in the same manner as the cylindrical cylinder 30, and based on the measurement result. The heating temperature by the heating means 4 is adjusted and the supply amount of the inert gas is adjusted.

  The cracked gas recovered from the recovery port 81 can be made into crude oil by cooling and condensing. Cooling condensation may be performed according to a conventional method. For example, it is possible to rapidly cool and condense by bringing a cracked gas into contact with a refrigerant at 5 degrees Celsius, or to condense and liquefy by providing a deep cold trap of about 80 degrees below zero. The condensate is separated into an oil layer containing a hydrocarbon oil and an aqueous layer in a desired container, and a crude oil can be obtained by taking out the oil layer. The crude oil is various aliphatic hydrocarbon oils having 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Next, the crude oil is provided with a distillation apparatus and subjected to fractional distillation, whereby a hydrocarbon oil can be obtained. The fractionation method may be carried out according to a conventional method. By this fractionation, hydrocarbon oil such as kerosene and light oil can be obtained from heavy oil close to heavy oil.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG.

  In this embodiment, a microwave irradiation heating means 41 is provided as the heating means 4 instead of the high frequency induction heating means. The cylindrical cylinder 30 of this example is made of heat resistant glass so that the microwave can heat the prepared raw material in the cylinder. According to this microwave irradiation heating means 41, the prepared raw material is directly and rapidly heated as in the high-frequency induction heating means. Since the prepared raw material is kneaded with a catalyst carrier and a separate heat medium, the heating efficiency is further improved. The connecting portion 7 is provided with an electromagnetic wave trap to adsorb radio waves and eliminate radio interference. Other configurations and operational effects are basically the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same structures are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG.

  In this embodiment, the cylindrical cylinder 20 of the kneading unit 2 and the cylindrical cylinder 30 of the reaction unit 3 are separated without being connected, and the rotating shaft of the kneading unit 2 and the crank of the stirring screw conveyor 32 of the reaction unit 3 are separated. The shaft is driven to rotate independently by mutually independent drive motors 90 and 91, and the cylinder and the rotating shaft are completely shielded from heat. The raw material kneaded and prepared in the kneading unit 2 is discharged from the cylindrical cylinder 20 through the discharge port 25 and is introduced into the cylindrical cylinder 30 from the receiving port 31 (hopper) of the cylindrical cylinder 30 of the reaction unit 3. Similarly to the connecting portion 7 of the first embodiment, the receiving port 31 is provided with a door that closes when the raw material is carried in and prevents gas leakage. The raw material continuously moves between the discharge port 25 and the input port 31, preferably via a hose or a belt conveyor, and a series of processes of kneading preparation, gasification, and decarboxylation reaction as in the first embodiment. It is preferable to automatically improve the production efficiency. Other configurations and operational effects are basically the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same structures are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and can of course be implemented in various forms without departing from the gist of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Biomass thermochemical decomposition gasifier 2 Kneading part 3 Reaction part 4 Heating means 5 Gas recovery means 7 Connection part 8 Airtight chamber 20 Cylindrical cylinder 21 Input port 22 Rotating shaft 23 Paddle 25 Outlet port 30 Cylindrical cylinder 31 Receiving port 32 Stir screw conveyor 33 Screw paddle 34 Decomposition gas discharge hole 35 Activated carbon filter layer 36 Discharge port 37 Gas supply port 38 Stirring member 40 High frequency induction heating means 41 Microwave irradiation heating means 81 Recovery port 82 Gas supply port 90 Drive motor 91 Drive motor

Claims (5)

A rotating shaft having a paddle is provided inside a first cylindrical cylinder having an inlet for supplying biomass material and catalyst material on the upstream end side, and the biomass material and catalyst introduced into the cylinder by the rotating paddle A kneading part for conveying the raw material to the downstream end side while kneading the raw material;
It has a receiving port for receiving the raw material prepared in the kneading section on the upstream end side, and a paddle for carrying and stirring inside a second cylindrical cylinder having a plurality of cracked gas discharge holes on the outer peripheral section. A stirring screw conveyor is provided, a high-frequency induction heating means or a microwave irradiation heating means for heating the inside of the second cylindrical cylinder is provided, and the prepared raw material in the cylinder is stirred and thermochemically decomposed and gasified by the paddle. A reaction section transported downstream;
An inert gas supply means for supplying an inert gas into the second cylindrical cylinder;
A gas recovery means comprising an airtight chamber covering the entire reaction section, and recovering cracked gas released to the outside through the cracked gas discharge hole of the second cylindrical cylinder;
A biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus comprising:   The biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the agitation screw conveyor is provided with an agitation member between pitches of screw paddles adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the axisless screw conveyor.   An activated carbon filter layer or a solid catalyst layer having the purpose of selectively adsorbing carbon dioxide outside the cracked gas discharge hole, wherein the cracked gas discharge hole is provided only on the upper surface side of the outer peripheral portion of the second cylindrical cylinder. The biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:   The biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a sensor for sensing temperature and pressure in the second cylindrical cylinder.   The downstream end of the first cylindrical cylinder and the upstream end of the second cylindrical cylinder are connected via a connecting portion that blocks heat conduction from the second cylinder to the first cylinder. The biomass thermochemical decomposition gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reaction unit shaft is positioned below the kneading unit shaft.

Images