JP2011170350A - Spherical surface display, and method of filling spherical surface of rectangle display panel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce area of expanded dead space concentrated locally on a spherical surface display. <P>SOLUTION: A method of filling a rectangle display panel is characterized in that surface dividing is performed on the basis of regular polyhedron or quasi-regular polyhedron in contact with the spherical surface, an interior angle in vertex of at least one part of a region of the surface divided polygon is almost right angle, an angle part of the rectangle display panel 70 is arranged adjusting to a vertex at which the interior angle becomes almost right angle, making the rectangle display panel as a start point, sides of a plurality of rectangle display panel are arranged along a ridge line 40 of the surface divided polygon and a rectangle display panel group of a first column is arranged, a rectangle display panel group of a second column is arranged being adjacent to the first column rectangle display panel group, and then rectangle display panel groups on and after third column are arranged. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a spherical display in which a large number of rectangular display panels are arranged on a three-dimensional curved surface, particularly a spherical surface, and a spherical filling method of the rectangular display panel.

  When a spherical display is used in an environment that is enlarged and / or exposed to external light, the projection projector has insufficient output, so a spherical display in which a large number of rectangular high-brightness LED panels are arranged along the spherical surface is known. Yes. Specifically, it is a spherical display (Non-patent Document 1) of the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation in Tokyo Odaiba. This spherical display is formed by arranging 3,715 rectangular display panels of 192 mm square with high luminance LEDs arranged vertically and horizontally at a pitch of 10 mm along a parallel line, for example, a globe. It has a 5m global shape. According to this global display, since the rectangular LED panels are arranged along the latitude line, if the pixel is planar image information recorded based on the latitude and longitude, this can be displayed on the global display. There is an advantage that data processing is easy.

  National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, symbol exhibition, “Geocosmos” (http://www.miraikan.jst.go.jp/exhibition/geo-cosmos/)

    The “Geocosmos” of Miraikan has a single rectangular LED panel arranged along the latitude of the sphere, so that there are two poles, the South Pole and the North Pole. Since the area of the enlarged dead space where gaps (dead spaces) are concentrated is large, there is a problem that this enlarged dead space becomes conspicuous. An enlarged dead space is a gap larger than a gap (dead space) between rectangular display panels arranged according to this rule when rectangular LED panels are filled into a spherical surface according to the rule that rectangular LED panels are arranged along the latitude. Say.

  Due to the fact that “Geocosmos” has a rectangular LED panel along the latitude, the Earth display using the “Geocosmos”, which is a global display, has a global environment that is ordered according to the latitude. It seems to be, and the expanded dead space that occurs in the vicinity of the South Pole and the North Pole prevents the Earth surface from being reproduced seamlessly.

  When an LED panel having a predetermined shape, that is, a display panel is used for the spherical display, it is practical to adopt a rectangular display panel. From this, it is obvious that it is desirable to reduce the area of the portion where the gap is concentrated as much as possible even though it is unavoidable that the portion where the gap (dead space) between the adjacent LED panels is concentrated appears. . This is true not only for spherical displays such as "Geocosmos", but also for displays with a spherical surface such as a hemisphere or a quarter of a sphere with a part of the whole sphere cut. .

  An object of the present invention is to enlarge a space in which gaps (dead spaces) between adjacent rectangular display panels are locally concentrated when a spherical display is constructed by arranging a large number of rectangular display panels as in “Geocosmos”. It is an object of the present invention to provide a spherical display with a reduced dead space area and a spherical filling method for a rectangular display panel.

  A further object of the present invention is to disperse the enlarged dead space portions where the gaps (dead spaces) between the rectangular display panels, which is a problem of the conventional spherical display, are concentrated in three or more locations. It is an object of the present invention to provide a spherical display capable of reducing the area and a spherical filling method for a rectangular display panel.

According to one aspect of the present invention,
A rectangular display panel filling method in which a spherical display is constructed using a number of rectangular display panels,
The surface is divided by a regular polyhedron or a quasi-regular polyhedron that is in contact with the spherical surface, and the interior angle at least at the apex of the polygonal region obtained by the surface division is substantially a right angle;
The corners of the rectangular display panel are arranged so as to match the vertices whose inner corners are substantially perpendicular,
Starting from the rectangular display panel, a plurality of rectangular display panels are arranged along a polygonal ridge line obtained by dividing the surface, and a first row of rectangular display panels is arranged,
A rectangular display panel group in the second row is arranged adjacent to the rectangular display panel group in the first row,
A rectangular display panel filling method is provided, wherein a rectangular display panel group in the third and subsequent columns is arranged.

  According to this, it is possible to disperse the enlarged dead space in three or more parts more than before while reducing the area of the gap concentration part (enlarged dead space) between the rectangular display panels.

According to another aspect of the present invention,
A spherical display composed of a number of rectangular display panels,
A first rectangular display panel arranged in parallel with a plurality of groups arranged in a row in a polygon divided by a regular polyhedron or a quasi-regular polyhedron contacting a spherical surface;
A second rectangular display panel 1 to 3 filled in an enlarged dead space that could not be filled with the group of rectangular display panels;
The first and second rectangular display panels are equal in size,
The second rectangular display panel filled in the enlarged dead space is filled in the enlarged dead space so that dead spaces generated around the second rectangular display panel are substantially uniform. The technical problem described above is achieved by providing a spherical display.

  First, the basic concept of the present invention will be described. The sum of the interior angles of the triangles in the plane is 180 degrees, but the sum of the interior angles of the spherical triangles is known to be 180 degrees or more and 540 degrees or less. Utilizing this, ideally all the internal angles are 90 degrees, and if a spherical triangle with the sum of the internal angles is 270 degrees is used, the corners of the rectangular display panel are perfectly fitted.

  In addition, the polygonal ridgeline as described above, which serves as a reference for arranging the rectangular display panels, is a part of the graticule, and the rectangular display panels are arranged with no inclination to the graticule, thereby displaying the rectangle. Since the display elements arranged on the panel are aligned along the same latitude or longitude, each pixel of the displayed image can be smoothly sent to the sphere.

  It is a perspective view of the spherical display which has arrange | positioned many rectangular display panels based on a spherical octahedron.   It is a figure which shows 1 surface of the spherical octahedron shown in FIG.   It is explanatory drawing of three examples of the quasi-regular polyhedron which divides into a rectangular area when obeying the filling rule of the rectangular display panel by this invention.   It is a perspective view of a spherical foundation structure based on a filling rule of a rectangular display panel according to the present invention.   It is a figure which shows each member length of the structure shown in FIG.   It is a figure which shows the value of each internal angle around the junction part of the structure shown in FIG.   It is explanatory drawing of the spherical basic structure which comprises the frame | skeleton of the spherical display according to this invention.   It is explanatory drawing of the construction method of a foundation structure.   It is explanatory drawing of the construction method different from FIG. 8 of a spherical foundation structure.   It is detail explanatory drawing of the junction part of the internal structure of a spherical foundation structure.   It is explanatory drawing of two examples from which some internal angles of the polygon which divides | segments a sphere according to the filling rule of the rectangular display panel of the other example of this invention become 90 degree | times.

1st Example ;
An embodiment using a spherical regular octahedron will be described. FIG. 1 shows a spherical display 10 in which a large number of rectangular display panels are arranged based on a spherical octahedron. The spherical display 10 is larger than the conventional one and has a spherical shape with a diameter of about 8.5 m, which corresponds to about 1 / 1.5 million of the actual earth. When the center 20 of the spherical regular octahedron is positioned at the origin, the ridge line 40 of the spherical regular octahedron is arranged along any of the xy plane, the yz plane, and the xz plane, and simultaneously, the equator and two meridians are positioned. be able to. It can be seen that the vertex 21 is arranged on the x, y, and z axes.

  Arcs 41 and 42 are arcs connecting the center 22 of the surface of the spherical regular octahedron, the vertex 21 and the midpoint 23 of the ridge line. These arcs constitute ridge lines of a spherical regular tetrahedron, a spherical cube, and a spherical rhombus dodecahedron. That is, the regular octahedron has a relation in which the relation between the polyhedron and the face, points, and lines is replaced.

  The spherical triangle 31 formed by linking the arc 40 and the arcs 41 and 42 can be expressed by latitude and longitude, for example, an area from 45 degrees to 90 degrees east longitude. In this way, compatibility with a conventional coordinate system that expresses geographic information by latitude and longitude such as cylindrical projection can be achieved.

  One surface of the spherical regular octahedron is extracted and shown in FIG. Here, it can be seen that the inner angle 90 of the first surface 32 of the regular octahedron is a right angle, and the corners of the group 71 of the rectangular display panels in the first row fit perfectly. That is, the rectangular display panel 70 is filled in the corners of the perpendicular inner angle 90 of the one face 32 of the regular octahedron, and the same rectangular display panel 70 is aligned along the ridge line 40 with this as a starting point, so that the first row The eye panel group 71 can be filled without a gap. Here, the rectangular display panel 70 filled in the spherical surface may be a rectangular display panel in which high-brightness LEDs are arranged vertically and horizontally at a pitch of 10 mm at high density, as in the conventional case, or may be an organic EL panel. Good. Further, the size of the rectangular display panel 70 that can be adopted in the embodiment may be 192 mm square as in the conventional case, but is preferably a smaller square.

  Next, the second and subsequent rectangular display panel groups 72 are aligned toward the center of the triangle. The rectangular display panel 73 arranged at the end of the panel group 72 is arranged so that the diagonal line is on the arc 41 (which is also the ridge line of the rhombus dodecahedron).

  The three rectangular display panels 74 in the center of the regular octahedron surface 32 are display panels arranged in an enlarged dead space portion Ds in which a gap (dead space) between adjacent rectangular display panels is enlarged. By distributing the dead space (gap concentration) portions Ds evenly over the entire spherical surface of the entire sphere, the area of the enlarged dead space can be made smaller than that of the above-described prior art. When the display panel 74 having the same rectangular shape as the display panel 70 used for the arrangement according to the rule is adopted for the enlarged dead space Ds, the gap around the three rectangular display panels 74 filled in the enlarged dead space Ds is used. The rectangular display panel 74 is preferably arranged so that (dead space) is uniform. On the other hand, if the shape of the display panel filled in the enlarged dead space Ds is flexible, a single or a plurality of triangular display panels corresponding to the substantially triangular enlarged dead space Ds are separately provided as in the illustrated example. Prepare and fill this expanded display space Ds with this triangular display panel.

  A plurality of panel groups 71 and 72 arranged in a line are arranged along the small arc 42. Since the small arc 42 is parallel to the xy plane, the z coordinate and the elevation angle are unified, which is effective for smooth image transmission. However, the arcs that define the panel arrangement are not necessarily all small circles, and large arcs can be mixed to further reduce the gap between the panels and improve the filling rate.

  At the midpoint 23 of the regular octahedral ridge line 40 shown in FIG. 1, the ridge line 40 and the circular arc 42 that is also the cubic ridge line are orthogonal to each other. By utilizing this, the rectangular display panels 70 may be arranged starting from the middle point 23. Since the midpoints 21, 22, and 23 are congruent right triangles 30 that equally divide the whole ball into 48, it is desirable to use this as one production unit. A rectangular display panel is factory-installed in the unit 30 in advance, and the effect of reducing field work can be expected.

  It is known that a 120-hedron with congruent right triangles can be formed by subdividing the icosahedron surface. Each face of the right triangle may be filled with a rectangular display panel according to this embodiment.

2nd Example (FIG. 3) ;
A plurality of rectangular areas 31 may be set on the basis of the polygonal surfaces of the three polyhedrons shown in FIG. 3, and a group of rectangular display panels aligned with the rectangular areas may be filled. According to this, the rectangular display panel 70 can be installed in the rectangular region 31 with substantially no gap. The polyhedron 100 shown in FIG. 3 is a Rhombic triacontaedron, the polyhedron 110 is a truncated cubehedron, and the polyhedron 120 is a truncated dodecahedron. In these examples, a triangular enlarged dead space Ds is generated adjacent to the rectangular region 31. Therefore, the rectangular display panel 70 is installed in the enlarged dead space Ds in accordance with the rules of the first embodiment described above. A display panel 70 may be installed. Of course, an additional rectangular area may be set in the enlarged dead space Ds. When the last remaining enlarged dead space Ds has an area of a single or a few rectangular display panels 70, this When a single rectangular display panel or a few rectangular display panels 70 are filled in the enlarged dead space Ds, a plurality of enlarged dead spaces Ds generated around each rectangular display panel 70 have the same area as much as possible. In addition, the orientation of the single rectangular display panel 70 may be adjusted and arranged. Of course, if the enlarged dead space Ds is a triangle, a triangular display panel that can fill the enlarged dead space Ds of this triangle substantially without a gap may be formed and filled.

  In order to understand the present invention, explanation based on geometry is necessary. However, when this is applied, an actual manufacturing deformation due to the thickness of the rectangular display panel is naturally accompanied. In addition, in order to simplify the manufacturing process, instead of a smooth spherical surface, when manufacturing as a spherical polyhedron composed entirely of fine triangular planes, in the above description, an internal angle that is a right angle naturally causes an error, but it is changed to a substantially right angle. The rectangular display panel can be installed almost exactly. Therefore, in understanding the present invention, it should be understood that these modifications are included in the scope of the present invention. The error generated when the second example is implemented may be an approximate value as long as it is within a range in which the same effect as the contents of the second example can be obtained. The shape of the target regular polyhedron may be slightly distorted or chipped.

3rd Example (FIG. 4) ;
An efficient filling method of the rectangular display panel based on the filling rule of the rectangular display panel 70 described above will be described as a third embodiment with reference to FIG. The spherical display 130 shown in FIG. 4 has a basic shape of a spherical regular octahedron whose surface is divided around the point 20. One surface is a surface 31. The ridge line 40 of the spherical regular octahedron is composed of a structural member on which a rectangular display panel is installed. Line segments 41 and 42 connecting the midpoint 22E of the regular octahedron plane, the vertex 21A, and the midpoint 23F of the ridge line are also constituted by members of the structure. These members are also members constituting a spherical regular tetrahedron, a spherical cube, and a spherical rhombus dodecahedron. A point on the arc connecting point 21A and point 22E is point 20B, a point on the arc connecting point 22E and point 23F is point 20D, and a point on the arc connecting point 21A and point 23F is point 20C.

  When the point 20B is arranged so as to form eight spherical regular triangles around the point 22E, the remaining area of the spherical surface can be divided into 18 congruent spherical rectangles 32. In particular, when the region 32 is a square, the point 20B forms a vertex of a quasi-regular 26-hedron. 20C and 20D are the midpoints of the sides of the quasi-regular 26-hedron.

  When the rectangular region 32 is a spherical square, the spherical structure is a kind of geodesic structure. Whereas the conventional geodesic structure by Buckminster Fuller is a regular icosahedron divided, the structure disclosed in this project is characterized by the geodesic division of the octahedron. The length of each member is shown in FIG. Table 100 shows the lengths of line segments between the vertices marked with the sphere 130 of FIG. When producing a sphere of about 1 / 1.5 million of the earth, the radius is about 4.3 m, and the length of each side and the length of each side per unit radius are recorded. According to this, it can be seen that there are five types of member lengths, five types of joints, and two types of triangular surfaces constituting the entire sphere.

  FIG. 30 is a development view 30 of one surface of the regular octahedron in FIG. According to this, it can be seen that the interior angles of the triangular surfaces constituting the entire sphere need only be six types.

  In order to understand the present invention, explanation based on geometry is necessary. However, when this is applied, an actual manufacturing deformation due to the thickness of the rectangular display panel is naturally accompanied. In addition, in order to simplify the manufacturing process, instead of a smooth spherical surface, when manufacturing a spherical polyhedron composed entirely of a fine polygonal plane, the internal angle which is a right angle in the above description naturally causes an error, but it is a substantially right angle. There is no change, and the rectangular display panel can be installed almost exactly. Therefore, in understanding the present invention, it should be understood that these modifications are included in the scope of the present invention. The error generated when the third embodiment is implemented may be an approximate value as long as the same effect as the contents of the second embodiment can be obtained. The shape of the target polyhedron may be slightly distorted or chipped.

  Further, the present invention is not limited to the entire globe, and may be applied to a dome structure. That is, the same effect may be obtained based on the above-described embodiment in a hemisphere, a quarter sphere or the like cut out with the great circle 40 and the small circle 42 as a boundary. Further, a rectangular display panel may be arranged inside a sphere like a planetarium so that it can be viewed from inside the spherical surface.

  An example in which a rectangular display panel is arranged based on the divided spherical regular octahedron shown in FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIG. The spherical quadrilateral 33 is one of the spherical 24-hedrons formed by dividing each surface 31 of the spherical octahedron into three. At the same time, each surface of the spherical cube defined by the ridge line 51 drawn by a thick dotted line in the figure is divided into four. The inner angles of the three vertices 23F and 20A of the spherical quadrangle 33 are 90 degrees, and the rectangular display panels can be arranged starting from these vertices.

  The spherical quadrangle 35 divides the rhombus dodecahedron 34 defined by the vertices 22E and 21A into four parts. The sum of the inner angles of the three vertices 21A, 23F, and 20B in the spherical quadrangle 35 is 90 degrees, and the rectangular display panels can be arranged starting from these vertices.

  Thus, not only a regular polyhedron but also a quasi-regular polyhedron and other spherical polyhedrons can be used. The present invention can also be implemented by dividing a sphere using a polygon other than a triangle. Of course, the same effect can be obtained by using a plurality of the above-described arrangement methods in combination.

Spherical substructure (Fig. 7) :
A spherical base structure 200 suitable for a spherical display filled with a rectangular display panel 70 in accordance with the rectangular display panel filling rule in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The base structure 200 is shown only for the hemisphere for convenience of explanation. The inner floor 36 is supported by members 51, 52, and 53 that connect the apexes 20B. Of these, 52 may be a tensile material. If the sphere 10 is suspended from above by the member 54 or the like, the member 51 may be a tensile material. In this case, the element that resists a horizontal force such as an earthquake is borne by the spherical foundation structure 200.

  The floor 36 is preferably excellent in ventilation of upper and lower floor layers such as grating. It plays a role of quickly releasing the heat generated by a large number of display elements. The rigidity of the floor 36 may be secured and the region 37 may be blown through. The aforementioned ventilation and vertical flow line can be secured.

  The tension member 51 becomes an intermediate fulcrum of the member 53 at the intersection of the members 51 and 53, and the span is divided, so that the cross-sectional dimension of the member 53 can be suppressed. Since many of the members 51 and 53 are orthogonal to each other, joining work and design can be easily performed. The floor 36 and its frame function as a maintenance floor, but are designed to be assembled prior to the sphere structure and used as a jig for assembling the sphere structure to function as a work floor.

Example of construction of spherical foundation structure (Figure 8) ;
A construction method of the above-mentioned spherical foundation structure 200 with reference to FIG. 7 will be described with reference to FIG. The concept is as follows: (1) Use the maintenance floor as a work floor and minimize the use of temporary scaffolding. (2) As for the sphere structure, 18 square units and 8 triangular units are assembled in advance. (3) At the site, the rectangular display panel and the unit are combined into one unit in the ground assembly. (4) The unit is attached to the floor and its frame by groundwork. (5) The maintenance floor is composed of a plurality of layers, and includes five points for ensuring that the maintenance work of the rectangular display panel attached to the entire spherical surface is completed.

  At this time, reference numeral 210 indicates a process of assembling the structure above the circle 42 in FIG. Five square units 32 to which rectangular display panels are attached and four triangular units 30 are attached.

  A process 211 for lifting the upper structure 210 and assembling the intermediate structure of the portion 33 sandwiched between the circles 42 and 44 in FIG. Eight square units 32 to which rectangular display panels are attached are attached to the structure 11.

  A process 212 for lifting the intermediate structure 211 and assembling the lower structure of the portion 34 sandwiched between the circles 45 and 44 in FIG. Four square units 32 to which rectangular display panels are attached are attached to the structure 12. Further, the structure 12 is lifted and the square unit 35 is attached.

Other construction examples of spherical foundation structure (Fig. 9) ;
Referring to FIG. 9, in order to draw a checkered pattern by the triangular unit 30 and the triangular unit 31 shown in the hatched portion, the three members constituting the unit 31 are manufactured as a single part at the factory, and the unit is shown as a drawing on the site. It is an idea that the unit 30 as a ground is configured to follow by combining 31 together. There is an advantage of simplifying the joint by reducing the bolting points of the joint part at the site. Of course, the unit 30 may be produced, and the members may be combined on each side. It is possible to simplify the joint at the apex where the member joining is concentrated.

Another example of construction of spherical substructure (Fig. 10) ;
FIG. 10 shows a joint structure for avoiding as much as possible on-site welding that requires skill in operations using ordinary metal processing, especially at the apex joint where members found in the geodesic structure are concentrated. The details of the complicated joint portion will be described with reference to FIG. 10, taking as an example the joint portion 20B where the eight spherical structural members and the internal structural members are concentrated in FIG.

  Reference numeral 410 in FIG. 10 is a view of the joint 20B as seen from the side, and reference numeral 411 is a plan view. It can be seen that when the general-purpose H-shaped steel is adopted as the member 51 constituting the spherical substructure, the web surface is kept vertical. Accordingly, when the web is tilted such as the moment of inertia of the section and the section modulus, the values are not significantly reduced. At the same time, it can be seen that the gusset, the reinforcing material, and the like that are attached to the member 51 are easily processed because the joining portion is kept perpendicular to the base material.

  Four gussets 30 and 31 are installed vertically on the upper end of the horizontal member 51 of the spherical foundation structure. A spherical structure member 50 is attached to the gussets 30 and 31. The gussets 30 and 31 intersect each other at approximately 90 degrees, and one of the gussets can be bent and the other gusset can be attached by welding while minimizing plasticization of the cross section.

  In the case where the joint portion becomes the suspension source of the entire sphere, the shape of the gusset 30 becomes a shape indicated by a dotted line 32 and the suspension base 54 is attached. The structural core 62 of the suspension base 54 is aligned with the structural core 61 of the member 51 and is designed not to cause eccentric bending.

  The remaining four spherical structure members 50 gathered at the joint portion 20B are connected to the joint member 52 via the joint portion 21. The joining member 52 preferably has a cross section having the same dimensions as the member 50. All joints are bolted and can be easily disassembled and reassembled.

10 solid elements;
20 point element;
30 plane elements;
40 circle element;
50 line elements;
60 axis elements;
70 rectangular display panel elements;
80 rectangular display panel row elements;
90 angle element;
100 tables;

Claims (6)

A rectangular display panel filling method in which a spherical display is constructed using a number of rectangular display panels,
The surface is divided based on a regular polyhedron or a quasi-regular polyhedron that is in contact with the spherical surface, and the interior angles at least at the vertices of the polygonal region obtained by the surface division are substantially right angles,
The corners of the rectangular display panel are arranged so as to match the vertices whose inner corners are substantially perpendicular,
Starting from the rectangular display panel, a plurality of rectangular display panels are arranged along a polygonal ridge line obtained by dividing the surface, and a first row of rectangular display panels is arranged,
A rectangular display panel group in the second row is arranged adjacent to the rectangular display panel group in the first row,
A rectangular display panel filling method, wherein a rectangular display panel group in the third and subsequent columns is arranged.   The method for filling a rectangular display panel according to claim 1, wherein the interior angles of all the vertices of the polygon divided into planes are all approximately 90 degrees.   The method for filling a rectangular display panel according to claim 1, wherein all the interior angles of all the vertices in all of the segmented polygons are approximately 90 degrees.   The method for filling a rectangular display panel according to claim 1, wherein the spherical display is a global display. The graticule constitutes a polygonal ridge line divided into the planes,
The rectangular display panel according to claim 1, wherein each column of the display elements arranged in the rectangular display panel has a common latitude and / or longitude by causing the sides of the rectangular display panel to be along the polygonal ridgeline. Filling method. A spherical display composed of a number of rectangular display panels,
A first rectangular display panel arranged in parallel with a plurality of groups arranged in a row in a polygon divided into planes based on a regular polyhedron or a quasi-regular polyhedron in contact with a spherical surface;
Having 1-3 second rectangular display panels filled in an enlarged dead space that could not be filled with the group of rectangular display panels;
The first and second rectangular display panels are equal in size,
The second rectangular display panel filled in the enlarged dead space is filled in the enlarged dead space so that dead spaces generated around the second rectangular display panel are substantially uniform. Spherical display.

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