RU2437992C1 - Constructor of pre-fabricated demountable structures of shell type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction. ^ SUBSTANCE: constructor of pre-fabricated demountable structures of shell type comprises bearing elements (ribs) and connecting units (connectors), with the help of which unified modules of the frame are assembled in the form of spatial isosceles triangles, hypotenuses of which are single-type arched ribs, and cathetuses are made either rectangular or arched depending on the type of a developed module, at the same time the frame modules between themselves are connected by single-type elements (hypotenuses or cathetuses). Arched ribs are formed by circular arcs of radius R, besides, the central angles of arcs in axes of spatial triangle tops are related by the ratio of where is a central angle of an arched hypotenuse, - a central angle of an arched cathetus, besides, length of a rectangular cathetus in axes of spatial triangle tops makes connection units of frame ribs are made of elements of 9 types: a central double-plane element (with a bending angle equal to Ç/2) for connection of single-type cathetuses to each other, and also left and right double-plane (with a bending angle equal to Ç/4) and triple-plane (with bending angles equal to Ç/2 and 3Ç/4 accordingly and rotation of bending axes by the angle of /2) elements for connection of the arched hypotenuse with arched and rectilinear cathetuses, angles of bending and rotation of bending axes of connecting units are arranged so that the planes of longitudinal sections of cathetuses are perpendicular to each other, and the plane of the longitudinal section of the hypotenuse is either parallel to the line of crossing of planes of longitudinal sections of cathetuses (double-plane elements), or is turned relative to it by the angle /2 (triple-plane elements). ^ EFFECT: simplified assembly and disassembly, transportation and storage. ^ 5 cl, 19 dwg

Description

The claimed technical solution "Constructor of prefabricated collapsible structures of the shell type" relates to the field of construction, namely the enclosing structures of exhibition stands, pavilions and other temporary buildings and structures.

The known solution "Design of a precast multifaceted building shell of flat bearing panels with connecting inserts" according to patent RU N 2116409, E04G 7/24, 1998.

The advantage of a technical solution is the creation of a frameless shell of the dome of the exhibition hall.

However, the design allows you to build only dome shells, the constituent elements of which are flat.

The known solution "Modular frame system", consisting of load-bearing elements (struts, crossbars, struts and other parts) and connecting nodes of the frame according to patent RU No. 2184823, E04G 7/24, 1998

The advantage of the design is the ability to build a spatial shell frame.

However, the framework formed in this case also consists of flat elements, with the help of which it is impossible to erect convex-concave shells of complex configuration.

The solution "Construction of prefabricated collapsible shell frames" INFINITY "is known according to certificate RU No. 40641, Е04С 7/24 of 02/11/2004, containing structural frame members (unified modules of the" INFINITY "design are made in the form of spatial isosceles right-angled triangles, the hypotenuses of which are arched ribs of the same type, and the legs are either straight or arched depending on the shape of the module being created.

The advantage of a technical solution is the creation of shell frames in the form of spatial triangles.

However, the design describes the creation of modules conical shells and transfer shells. Modules of other shell types, for example spherical, can only be created approximately. In addition, the design was described in terms of the unification of the edges of the frame and did not involve the unification of nodal elements. The design and technological issues of filling the frames were not considered.

The purpose of the proposed technical solution is to create a designer of prefabricated collapsible shell-type structures from unified load-bearing elements, connecting nodes (connectors), filling and internal dynamic lighting system.

The goal is achieved as follows.

The constructor of prefabricated collapsible structures of the shell type contains load-bearing elements (ribs) and connecting nodes (connectors), with the help of which unified frame modules are assembled in the form of spatial isosceles triangles, the hypotenuses of which are the same arched ribs, and the legs are either straight or arched in depending on the type of module being created. Between themselves, the modules of the frame are connected by the same type of elements (hypotenuses or legs).

Wherein

- arcuate edges are formed by arcs of a circle of radius R, and the central angles of the arcs in the axes of the vertices of the spatial triangles are connected by the following relation

,

,

where α is the central angle of the arcuate hypotenuse,

β is the central angle of the arcuate leg;

;the length of the straight leg in the axes of the vertices of the spatial triangles is

;

the connecting nodes of the frame ribs are made of 9 types of elements: a central two-plane element (with a bending angle equal to π / 2) for connecting the same type legs with each other, as well as left and right two-plane (with a bending angle equal to π / 4) and three-plane (with bending angles equal to π / 2 and 3π / 4, respectively, and turning the bending axes by an angle α / 2) of the elements for connecting the arcuate hypotenuse with arcuate and rectilinear legs;

the bending angles and rotation of the bending axes of the connecting nodes are made so that the plane of the longitudinal sections of the legs are perpendicular to each other, and the plane of the longitudinal section of the hypotenuse is either parallel to the line of intersection of the planes of the longitudinal sections of the legs (two-plane elements), or has an angle α / 2 (three-plane elements);

the profile of the supporting elements of the frame (ribs) is made with end grooves for fastening the connecting nodes, longitudinal grooves for fastening the filling of triangular modules and internal lighting elements, as well as holes for building the frame by bolting together adjacent triangular modules along the same ribs;

introduced the fillings of the triangular frame modules made of expandable fabric with a contour around the contour with a flexible tape of thickness corresponding to the size of the longitudinal grooves of the profile of the ribs for fixing the fillings;

an internal illumination system was introduced, made of flexible luminous tapes connected in series inside the spatial triangular modules with a length corresponding to the length of the ribs fixed with magnetic tapes, one of which is fixed in the longitudinal grooves of the ribs, and the second (response) is glued to the luminous ribbons;

- connecting nodes are made with holes: for connecting with ribs, laying cables and other switching elements, fasteners (suspensions) of the shell frame to external structures, fastening equipment, supports and (if necessary) additional structural stiffeners (ties).

The drawings show:

Figure 1 - cross section of the ribs E1, E2, E3,

where h is the height of the section

AB - the longitudinal plane of the cross section of the ribs,

1 - groove for fixing the fillings,

2 - groove for mounting connectors,

3 - hole for threaded end caps,

4 - groove for mounting the internal lighting.

Figure 2 - rib E1 is a longitudinal section of an arcuate hypotenuse,

where h is the height of the section

R is the radius of the arc of a circle,

α is the central angle of the arcuate hypotenuse,

1 - the top of the spatial triangle,

2 - connecting holes.

Figure 3 - rib E2 is a longitudinal section of an arcuate leg,

where h is the height of the section

R is the radius of the arc of a circle,

β is the central angle of the arcuate leg

1 - the top of the spatial triangle,

2 - connecting holes.

Figure 4 - rib E3 is a longitudinal section of a straight leg,

where h is the height of the section

R is the radius of the arc of a circle,

1 - the top of the spatial triangle,

2 - connecting holes.

5 is a bolted connection of the ribs.

6 is a two-plane Central connector CD1,

where 1 is the hole for connection with the rib E2 or E3,

2 - thread for fixing the connector in the profile,

3 - mounting hole,

4 - hole for laying the cable,

AB - bending axis π / 2.

7 is a two-plane left connector C1L,

where 1 is the hole for connection with the rib E3,

2 - thread for fixing the connector in the profile,

3 - mounting hole,

4 - hole for laying the cable,

5 - hole for connection with the rib E1.

AB - bending axis π / 4.

Fig - two-plane right connector C1R,

where 1 is the hole for connection with the rib E3,

2 - thread for fixing the connector in the profile,

3 - mounting hole,

4 - hole for laying the cable,

5 - hole for connection with the rib E1.

AB - bending axis π / 4.

Fig.9 is a three-plane left connector C2L,

where 1 is the hole for connection with the rib E3,

2 - thread for fixing the connector in the profile,

3 - mounting hole,

4 - hole for laying the cable,

5 - hole for connection with the rib E1.

AB - bending axis π / 2,

AC - bending axis 3π / 4,

Rotation of the bending axes by the angle CAB = α / 2.

Figure 10 - three-plane right connector C2R,

where 1 is the hole for connection with the rib E3,

2 - thread for fixing the connector in the profile,

3 - mounting hole,

4 - hole for laying the cable,

5 - hole for connection with the rib E1.

AB - bending axis π / 2,

AC - bending axis 3π / 4,

Rotation of the bending axes by the angle CAB = α / 2.

11 is a two-plane left connector C3L,

where 1 is the hole for connection with the rib E2,

2 - thread for fixing the connector in the profile,

3 - mounting hole,

4 - hole for laying the cable,

5 - hole for connection with the rib E1.

AB - bending axis π / 4.

Fig - two-plane right connector C3R,

where 1 is the hole for connection with the rib E2,

2 - thread for fixing the connector in the profile,

3 - mounting hole,

4 - hole for laying the cable,

5 - hole for connection with the rib E1.

AB - bending axis π / 4.

Fig - three-plane left connector C4L,

where 1 is the hole for connection with the rib E2,

2 - thread for fixing the connector in the profile,

3 - mounting hole,

4 - hole for laying the cable,

5 - hole for connection with the rib E1.

AB - bending axis π / 2,

AC - bending axis 3π / 4,

Rotation of the bending axes by the angle CAB = α / 2.

Fig - three-plane right connector C4R,

where 1 is the hole for connection with the rib E2,

2 - thread for fixing the connector in the profile,

3 - mounting hole,

4 - hole for laying the cable,

5 - hole for connection with the rib E1.

AB - bending axis π / 2,

AC - bending axis 3π / 4,

Rotation of the bending axes by the angle CAB = α / 2.

Fig - unified triangular module M1,

where 1 is the connector CD1,

2 - connector C1L,

3 - connector C1R,

4 - rib E3,

5 - rib E1.

Fig - a unified triangular module M2,

where 1 is the connector CD1,

2- connector C2L,

3 - connector C2R,

4 - rib E3,

5 - rib E1.

Fig - a unified triangular module M3,

where 1 is the connector CD1,

2 - connector C3L,

3 - connector C3R,

4 - rib E2,

5 - rib E1.

Fig. 18 is a unified triangular module M4,

where 1 is the connector CD1,

2 - connector C4L,

3 - connector C4R,

4 - rib E2,

5 - rib E1.

Fig. 19 is an example of a frame structure assembly.

The essence is as follows.

The structural elements of the designer are made of the same profile of constant cross-section (for example, shown in Figure 1) in the form of ribs of 3 types: arcuate hypotenuse E1 (Figure 2), arcuate leg E2 (Figure 3) and straight leg E3 (Figure 4) from which, using connecting nodes, spatial isosceles triangular modules of the frame structure of shell-type structures are assembled. The arcuate edges E1 and E2 are formed by circular arcs of the same radius R, and the central angles of the arcs forming the edges E1 and E2 in the axes of the vertices of the spatial triangles are connected by the following relation

where α is the central angle of the arcuate hypotenuse,

β is the central angle of the arcuate leg.

The length of the straight leg E3 in the axes of the vertices of the spatial triangles

Thus, choosing the cross section of the ribs, the values of the radius R and the central angle α of the arcuate hypotenuse, using the relations (1) - (2), the geometry of all the supporting elements of the constructor is completely specified. The ranges R = 2 ÷ 4 m, α = π / 6 ÷ π / 3, recommended for practical use in exhibition construction.

In the profile of the supporting elements of the frame (ribs), there are end grooves for fastening the connecting nodes (connectors), longitudinal grooves for fastening the filling and internal illumination (Figure 1), as well as holes for building the frame by connecting the same type of ribs to each other (Figure 5) .

The connecting nodes (connectors) of the frame are made of sheet material in the form of two-plane (one bending) and three-plane (two bending) elements of 9 types: CD1 (Figure 6) - a two-plane element with a bending angle π / 2 for connecting the same type legs with each other (E2 with E2 and E3 with E3); C1L (Fig.7), C1R (Fig.8) - respectively, the left and right two-plane elements with a bending angle π / 4 for connecting the hypotenuse E1 with E3 legs; C2L (Fig. 9), C2R (Fig. 10), respectively, the left and right three-plane elements with bending angles π / 2 and 3π / 4, respectively, and turning the bending axes at an angle α / 2 to connect the hypotenuse E1 with E3 legs; C3L (Fig. 11), C3R (Fig. 12), respectively, the left and right two-plane elements with a bending angle π / 4 for connecting the hypotenuse E1 with legs E2; C4L (Fig.13), C4R (Fig.14) - respectively, the left and right three-plane elements with bending angles π / 2 and 3π / 4, respectively, and turning the bending axes at an angle α / 2 to connect the hypotenuse E1 with legs E2.

Connecting nodes (connectors) are inserted and fixed in the end grooves of the supporting elements of the frame (ribs), forming unified spatial isosceles triangular modules of the frame of 4 types: M1 (Fig. 15) - conical module formed by the ribs E1, E3, E3 and nodes CD1, C1L C1R; M2 (Fig. 16) is a cone-shaped module with a displaced apex formed by ribs E1, E3, E3 and nodes CD1, C2L, C2R; M3 (Fig. 17) is a transfer shell module formed by ribs E1, E2, E2 and nodes CD1, C3L, C3R; M4 (Fig. 18) - the module of the spherical shell formed by the ribs E1, E2, E2 and nodes CD1, C4L, C4R. At the same time, in the modules M1 and M3, two-plane elements with a bending angle π / 4 are used to connect the hypotenuse with the legs, providing parallelism to the longitudinal plane of the hypotenuse E1 with the line of intersection of the longitudinal planes of the legs. In modules M2 and M4, to connect the hypotenuse with the legs, three-plane elements with bending angles π / 2 and 3π / 4 and rotation of the bending axes are used, which provide an inclination of the longitudinal plane of the hypotenuse E1 relative to the line of intersection of the longitudinal planes of the legs, half the central angle of the arc of the hypotenuse E1- α / 2. The following holes are provided in the connecting nodes: for connecting to the ribs, for laying the cable and other switching elements, for fastening the suspension of the shell frame to external structures, for fastening equipment, supports and (if necessary) additional structural stiffeners (ties). Such a minimal set of unified load-bearing elements (ribs) of 3 types and unified connecting nodes (connectors) of 9 types is fundamental for this designer and allows you to create unified spatial isosceles triangular modules of a frame of 4 types: cone-shaped, cone-shaped with an offset apex, transfer shell and spherical shell.

The shell frame is built up by bolting together adjacent triangular modules along adjacent elements through holes in the ribs (Figure 5). A variety of shapes of shell frames is achieved by various combinations of modules of transfer shells M3, modules of spherical shells M4, cone-shaped modules M1 and cone-shaped modules M2 with an offset tip (Fig. 19).

The filling of the spatial modules of the frame is made of tensile fabric in the form of a triangle with a contour around the contour of a flexible tape (for example, silicone) with a thickness corresponding to the size of the longitudinal grooves provided in the ribs for fastening the filling. Fillings can be inserted on one or both sides of the ribs. The filling dimensions can be universal for all types of modules M1-M4 due to the extensibility of the fabric and the fringing tape. Fillings can be made of light-scattering fabric to provide internal illumination of the triangular modules or from another fabric providing the necessary extensibility for fixing in the grooves of the ribs.

The system of internal dynamic illumination is a series of luminous (for example, LED) tapes connected in series inside the triangular modules M1-M4, with a length corresponding to the length of the ribs, fixed with two flexible strips (for example, magnetic), one of which is fixed in the longitudinal grooves of the ribs (Fig. .1), and the second (response) is glued to the luminous ribbons. Parallel switching of luminous ribbons of individual triangular modules allows you to create a programmable dynamic backlight for each triangular module independently of the others, as well as combine individual triangular modules into groups according to the type of backlight.

The materials used for the manufacture of the element base of the designer of prefabricated collapsible shell-type structures are not fundamental. As structural materials, aluminum alloys, metals, composite materials, wood can be used.

The proposed technical solution was implemented in the form of a set of exhibition equipment "Infinity-constructiv". The bearing elements (ribs) of the designer were made of aluminum with the cross section shown in Fig. 1, with parameters R = 3.5 m, α = π / 4. Nodal elements (connectors), depicted in Fig.6-14, were made of sheet steel. The frame fillings were made in the form of triangles with sizes universal for all modules from light-diffusing stretch fabric with silicone tape along the contour. The system of internal dynamic illumination was made in the form of a set of LED-RGB LED strips on magnetic strips, decoders, a power supply, a controller and a computer unit with software.

Practical use of the Infinity-constructiv set of exhibition equipment has shown that the constructor of prefabricated collapsible structures of the shell type is convenient and easy to assemble / disassemble, operate, transport and store, and allows for the implementation of complex architectural design and engineering developments at a modern engineering level .

Claims (5)

1. The designer of prefabricated collapsible structures of the shell type, containing load-bearing elements (ribs) and connecting nodes (connectors), with the help of which unified modules of the frame are assembled in the form of spatial isosceles triangles, the hypotenuses of which are the same arc-shaped ribs, and the legs are made either straight, or arched, depending on the type of module being created, while the frame modules are interconnected by the same type of elements (hypotenuses or legs), which distinguishes I order that:
the arcuate edges are formed by arcs of a circle of radius R, and the central angles of the arcs in the axes of the vertices of the spatial triangles are connected by the following relation

where α is the central angle of the arcuate hypotenuse;
β is the central angle of the arcuate leg;
the length of the straight leg in the axes of the vertices of the spatial triangles is

the connecting nodes of the frame ribs are made of 9 types of elements: a central two-plane element (with a bending angle equal to π / 2) for connecting the same type legs with each other, as well as left and right two-plane (with a bending angle equal to π / 4) and three-plane (with bending angles equal to π / 2 and 3π / 4, respectively, and turning the bending axes to an angle α / 2) of the elements for connecting the arcuate hypotenuse with arcuate and rectilinear legs;
the bending angles and rotation of the bending axes of the connecting nodes are made so that the plane of the longitudinal sections of the legs are perpendicular to each other, and the plane of the longitudinal section of the hypotenuse is either parallel to the line of intersection of the planes of the longitudinal sections of the legs (two-plane elements), or has an angle α / 2 (three-plane elements). 2. The designer according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile of the supporting elements of the frame (ribs) is made with end grooves for fastening the connecting nodes, longitudinal grooves for fastening the fillings of the triangular modules and internal lighting elements, as well as holes for building the frame by bolting between adjacent triangular modules along the same edges. 3. The designer according to claim 1, characterized in that the fillings of the triangular frame modules are introduced, made of tensile fabric with a contour around the contour with a flexible tape of thickness corresponding to the size of the longitudinal grooves of the profile of the ribs for fixing the fillings. 4. The designer according to claim 1, characterized in that an internal illumination system is introduced, made of flexible luminous ribbons sequentially connected inside the spatial triangular modules with a length corresponding to the length of the ribs secured with magnetic ribbons, one of which is fixed in the longitudinal grooves of the ribs, and the second (response) is glued to the luminous ribbons. 5. The designer according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting nodes are made with holes: for connecting with ribs, laying cables and other switching elements, fasteners (suspensions) of the shell frame to external structures, fastening equipment, supports and (if necessary) additional structural elements of rigidity (ties).

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