JP2011165927A - Photovoltaic power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photovoltaic power generator capable of increasing the power generation efficiency of solar cells by utilizing solar light and solar heat and heating water and air for hot-water supply and air heating. <P>SOLUTION: The photovoltaic power generator includes a solar cell panel 12 installed on the upper surface of a roof 2202, a cooling/heating chamber 14 that is provided on the back surface of the solar cell panel 12 so as to cover the whole of the back surface and generates fluid which cools the solar cell panel 12 and, and is heated by solar heat, a first heat insulating material 16 that is provided between the upper surface of the roof 2202 and the cooling/heating chamber 14, and an outer case 18 that has a heat insulating material container 1802 housing the first heat insulating material 16 so as to cover the entire surface of the first heat insulating material and a chamber container 1804 containing and holding the cooling/heating chamber 14. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a low temperature heat source recovery type hybrid solar power generation device, and more particularly, water for power generation and hot water supply and air for heating by utilizing sunlight and solar heat irradiated on a roof of a building. The present invention relates to a solar power generation device that can heat the roof and shield the roof.

2. Description of the Related Art A solar power generation hot water apparatus is known as a household energy system that can simultaneously use sunlight and solar heat to supply energy for power generation, hot water supply, and heating (see Patent Document 1 or 2).
This type of apparatus can convert energy in the form of both thermal energy and electric energy of hot water while increasing the energy conversion efficiency of a solar cell panel that is not subject to performance degradation due to high temperatures.

Hereinafter, a conventional solar power generation hot water apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a conventional solar power heating / heating apparatus 100 includes a solar cell panel 102 and a solar hot water panel 104 provided in a stacked state on the back surface of the solar cell panel 102. .
Such a solar power generation hot water apparatus 100 is installed on the upper surface of the roof 108 of the building 106 via a heat insulating material 110. In addition, a heat insulating material 112 is provided on the back surface of the roof 108.

  In the solar power generation / hot water device 100 configured as described above, the solar battery panel 102 is cooled so as not to reach a high temperature by flowing cold water such as tap water through the solar hot water panel 104. As a result, performance degradation due to the temperature of the solar cell and a decrease in electromotive force are eliminated, the power energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved, and at the same time, the cold water of the solar hot water panel 104 is heated and can be effectively used as hot water. .

JP 2000-55479 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-244103

  However, the above-described conventional photovoltaic water heater 100 cannot increase the temperature of the cold water in the solar hot water panel 104 at a time when the temperature of the solar battery panel 102 does not increase as in winter. Moreover, in the season when radiant cooling becomes strong, in order to prevent the water in the solar hot water panel 104 from freezing, it is necessary to drain the water in the solar hot water panel.

  In the case where the photovoltaic water heater 100 is installed on the upper surface of the roof 108 of the existing building 106, the heat insulating material 110 interposed between the solar hot water panel 104 and the roof 108 is intended to produce hot water. The amount of heat entering the attic of the building through 108 increases. In particular, a metal such as aluminum is often used for the exterior frame that holds the solar cell panel 102 and the solar hot water panel 104, so that the exterior frame becomes a thermal bridge, and the heat flux that has passed through the solar cell panel 102 is directly on the roof surface. Makes it easier to reach.

Moreover, since the conventional photovoltaic power generation water heater 100 does not assume installing a solar cell panel so that the roof whole surface irradiated with sunlight may be covered since the cost of a solar cell panel is high, in the past, The installation area of the solar water heater is less than half of the roof area. Furthermore, the heat insulation of the solar heat utilization part in the conventional photovoltaic power generation water heater does not have sufficient performance at present.
On the other hand, in recent years, the installation area of the solar cell panel in one building has increased due to the price reduction of the solar cell panel. Moreover, since the CO ₂ reduction targets imposed on building increases, high thermal insulation construction method of a building has been actively introduced.

There is a relationship represented by the following equation (1) between the conventional solar power generator / heater 100 shown in FIG. 7 and the amount of solar radiation Q (W).
Q = q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 (1)
Q1: Energy of reflected solar radiation (W)
q2: Electric energy generated by the solar panel (W)
q3: Calorific value (W) of warm water rise in solar hot water panel
q4: Amount of heat blocked by a heat insulating material (W)
q5: Amount of heat reaching the attic (W)
It is.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, when the installation area of the solar battery panel 102 with respect to the roof 108 of the building 106 is expanded, in the winter season when the amount of solar radiation is insufficient, the increase in the water temperature of the solar hot water panel cannot be expected. The main use of energy is for electrical energy. For example, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, when the heat insulating material 112 is applied to the back surface of the roof 108 of the building (house) 106, the heat transfer resistance from the outside air to the attic space is increased. The rise in temperature in the attic space is reduced.

That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the amount of heat q5A reaching the attic space when nothing is installed on the upper surface of the roof 108 and the temperature θ5A of the attic space when nothing is installed on the upper surface of the roof 108, As shown in FIG. 8, the amount of heat q5B reaching the attic space when the conventional solar power heating / heating device 100 is installed on the upper surface of the roof 108 and the conventional solar power heating / heating device 100 is installed on the upper surface of the roof 108. There is a relationship shown in the following equations (2) and (3) with the temperature θ5B of the attic space when the
q5A> q5B (2)
θ5A> θ5B (3)
As is clear from the equations (2) and (3), the temperature of the attic space during the daytime in winter when the photovoltaic hot water heater 100 is installed on the upper surface of the roof 108 is the same as that of the solar hot water heater. Smaller than when not installed. This is because the temperature of the cold water in the solar hot water panel 102 cannot be expected to rise, and the water in the solar hot water panel 102 must be removed so that the solar hot water panel 102 does not freeze.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. The solar power and solar heat applied to the roof of a building are utilized to improve the power generation efficiency of the solar cell, and water for hot water supply. An object of the present invention is to provide a solar power generation device that enables heating of air and heating of air for heating, and at the same time, improves the heat shielding effect of the roof.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a solar power generation apparatus, comprising: a solar cell panel disposed on an upper surface of a roof of a building; and a back surface of the solar cell panel facing the upper surface of the roof. A chamber part provided with a cooling / heating chamber in which the solar cell panel is cooled by a fluid that is provided in contact with the entire back surface and flows inside, and in which the fluid is heated by solar heat and heat from the solar cell panel And a first heat insulating material provided between the upper surface of the roof and the chamber portion, and a heat insulating material accommodating portion that is installed on the upper surface of the roof and accommodates the entire surface of the first heat insulating material. And an exterior case having a chamber accommodating portion for accommodating the chamber portion.

  According to the solar power generation device of the present invention, it is possible to improve the power generation efficiency of the solar cell by utilizing sunlight and solar heat irradiated on the roof of the building, and for heating and heating water for hot water supply Air can be heated, and the heat shielding effect of the roof can be improved.

It is a vertical side view which expands and shows a part of solar power generation device concerning this invention. It is a top view which notches and shows a part of solar power generation device concerning this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operation method of the solar power generation device in the summer at the time of installing the solar power generation device concerning this invention on the upper surface of the roof of a building. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operation method of the solar power generation device in winter at the time of installing the solar power generation device concerning this invention in the upper surface of the roof of a building. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the temperature rise of the attic space in winter when the solar power generation device concerning this invention is not installed in the upper surface of the roof of a building. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the temperature rise of the attic space in winter at the time of installing the solar power generation device concerning this invention in the upper surface of the roof of a building. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of conventional solar power generation device. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the temperature rise of the attic space in winter at the time of installing the conventional solar power generation device on the upper surface of the roof of a building. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the temperature rise of the attic space in winter when the conventional solar power generation device is not installed in the upper surface of the roof of a building.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the solar power generation device 10 includes a solar cell panel 12, a cooling / heating chamber portion 14, a first heat insulating material 16, an exterior case 18, a second heat insulating material 20, and the like. Consists of

  The solar cell panel 12 is configured by arranging a plurality of solar cell modules 1202 vertically and horizontally in a flat plate shape. The solar cell panel 12 is disposed on the upper surface of the roof 2202 that is inclined toward the solar radiation direction of the building 22. Further, a temperature sensor 1204 for detecting the temperature of the back surface of each solar cell module 1202 is provided on the back surface of each solar cell module 1202.

The chamber portion 14 is provided on the back surface of the solar cell panel 12 facing the top surface of the roof 2202 so as to be in contact with the entire area of the back surface, and cools the solar cell panel 12 with a fluid flowing inside. A cooling / heating chamber 1410 in which the fluid is heated by heat is provided. This cooling / heating chamber 1410 has a hollow, flat, rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is made of a material such as aluminum having high thermal conductivity.
Further, in the cooling / heating chamber 1410, a plurality of partition walls 1408 extending from the left side wall to the right side wall and from the right side wall to the left side wall are provided as shown in FIG. A fluid passage 1406 is formed by arranging in parallel from a fluid suction port 1402 provided at the lower end of the fluid 14 toward a fluid outlet 1404 provided at the upper end at a constant interval.

When the solar power generation apparatus 10 is operated in the summer, as shown in FIG. 3, the water pipe 32 is connected to the fluid inlet 1402 of the chamber portion 14 via the flow rate adjusting valve 24. An electric water heater (using a heat pump) installed at the outside of the building 22 is heated at the fluid outlet 1404 of the chamber portion 14 by solar heat and exchange heat with the solar cell panel 12 in the chamber portion 14. A hot water supply pipe 28 for supplying to the (EcoCute) 26 is connected. The hot water supply pipe 28 is piped toward the electric water heater 26 through an attic space 2204 formed on the back side of the roof 2202 of the building 22. Further, the flow rate adjusting valve 24 is connected to a control unit 30 that adjusts the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 24 based on temperature information detected by each temperature sensor 1204. Electric power generated from the solar battery panel 12 is used as a power source for the control unit 30.
When the solar power generation apparatus 10 is operated in winter, as shown in FIG. 4, the fluid inlet 1402 of the chamber portion 14 is opened to the atmosphere, and the fluid outlet 1404 is opened in the attic space 2204 of the building 22. Communicated.

The first heat insulating material 16 reduces heat conduction from the chamber portion 14 to the roof 2202, has a flat plate shape, and is provided between the upper surface of the roof 2202 and the chamber portion 14.
The outer case 18 is made of a material having high heat insulating performance, and has a heat insulating material storage portion 1802 that stores the entire surface of the first heat insulating material 16 and a chamber storage portion 1804 that stores the chamber portion 14. is doing. The solar power generation apparatus 10 is configured to be installed on the upper surface of the roof 2202 by directly attaching the outer case 18 to the upper surface of the roof 2202.
The second heat insulating material 28 is provided on the back surface of the roof 2202 on which the solar power generation device 10 is disposed and on the back surface of the roof 2202 opposite to the roof 2202.

The case where the solar power generation device 10 configured as described above is operated in summer will be described with reference to FIG.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, a water pipe 32 (corresponding to a water supply pipe described in claims) is connected to the fluid inlet port 1402 of the chamber portion 14 via the flow rate adjusting valve 24. Further, the hot water supply pipe 28 is connected to the fluid outlet 1404 of the chamber portion 14. In this state, the tap water whose flow rate is adjusted by the flow rate adjusting valve 24 is fed into the chamber portion 14. The tap water in the chamber section 14 filled with tap water is heated by solar heat and heat exchanged with the solar battery panel 12 while moving from the fluid inlet port 1402 to the fluid outlet port 1404 in the fluid passage 1406 of the chamber section 14. The The heated tap water is supplied to the electric water heater 26 through the hot water supply pipe 28. Or it is supplied to a well-known hot water tank (not shown) and stored. In this case, the temperature of the tap water heated in the chamber part 14 is 40-60 degreeC.

  On the other hand, the electric power generated from the solar cell panel 12 when the solar cell panel 12 is irradiated with sunlight is charged into a storage battery (not shown) via a well-known charge / discharge control unit (not shown). The electric power of the storage battery is supplied to the electric water heater 26 or a load (not shown) via the charge / discharge control unit and a DC / AC inverter or DC / DC converter (not shown). The electric water heater 26 heats the tap water heated in the chamber section 14 to 80 to 95 ° C. and supplies it to a hot water supply place such as a bathroom.

  For each solar cell module 1202, the back surface temperature of the solar cell module 1202 detected by each temperature sensor 1204 is taken into the control unit 30. The control unit 30 obtains an average value of the temperatures detected by the temperature sensors 1204, and based on the average value, the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 24 is controlled by the control unit 30, so that the power generation efficiency of the solar cell panel 12 is uniform. The flow rate of the tap water flowing into the chamber part 14 is adjusted so that it becomes.

Next, the case where the solar power generation device 10 with insufficient solar radiation is operated in winter will be described with reference to FIG.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, the fluid inlet 1402 of the chamber portion 14 is opened to the atmosphere, and the fluid outlet 1404 communicates with the attic space 2204 of the building 22. The water supply water conduit 32 is connected to the electric water heater 26 through the attic space 2204 of the building 22 through which the heated air from the chamber portion 14 flows through the fluid inlet 1402. In this state, when the air filled in the chamber portion 14 is heated by solar heat and exchange heat with the solar battery panel 12, the fluid passage 1406 of the chamber portion 14 is caused to flow into the fluid suction port by natural convection accompanying the temperature rise. Move from 1402 to fluid outlet 1404. The heated air flows out from the fluid inlet 1402 into the attic space 2204 and warms the attic space 2204. Thereby, the tap water flowing in the water conduit 32 is heated by the heated air in the attic space 2204 and supplied to the electric water heater 26.

Next, the relationship between the solar power generation device 10 and the solar radiation amount Q (W) shown in the present embodiment will be described. Between the solar radiation amount Q (W) and the solar power generation device 10, there is a relationship represented by the following formula (4).
Q = q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 + q6 (4)
Q1: Energy of reflected solar radiation (W)
q2: Electric energy generated by the solar panel (W)
q3: Heat amount (W) of the rise in warm water (air temperature) in the cooling / heating chamber
q4: Amount of heat blocked by the first heat insulating material (W)
q5: Amount of heat reaching the attic (W)
q6: Amount of heat blocked by the outer case (W)
It is. As is apparent from the equation (4), by providing the outer case 18, the amount of heat to be interrupted reaching the roof from the solar power generation device 10 can be increased. Thereby, the heating temperature of the hot water supply water or the warm air for heating can be increased.

In addition, when the solar power generation apparatus 10 with insufficient solar radiation is operated in winter, the solar cell panel 12 can be cooled and hot air can be generated by using air that easily flows by natural convection in the chamber portion 14. .
For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the amount of heat q5A reaching the attic space 2204 when nothing is installed on the upper surface of the roof 22 and the temperature θ5A of the attic space 2204 when nothing is installed on the upper surface of the roof 22 As shown in FIG. 6, the amount of heat q5C reaching the attic space 2204 when the solar power generation device 10 is installed on the upper surface of the roof 22 and the solar power generation device 10 is installed on the upper surface of the roof 22. There is a relationship shown in the following equations (5) and (6) between the temperature θ5C of the attic space 2204 in this case.
q5A> q5C (5)
θ5A <θ5C (6)

  As is clear from the above formulas (5) and (6), the solar power generation apparatus 10 shown in the present embodiment has the conventional heat transfer resistance on the top surface of the roof 22 facing the outside air when generating warm air. Smaller than the ones. This means that when the solar power generation device 10 shown in this embodiment is installed on the roof 22, the amount of heat reaching the attic space 2204 is reduced, but the temperature of the generated hot air can be increased. For example, the air introduced into the chamber portion 14 can be heated to about 20 to 40 ° C. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the chamber portion 14 from being frozen. In addition, by sending warm air to the attic space, the temperature of the attic space can be made higher than that of the roofing material alone, and when the attic space is warmed during the day, the ratio of the cooling of the attic space by night radiant cooling can be set. , Smaller than when nothing is installed.

According to such a solar power generation device 10 shown in the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
a) It is possible to improve the power generation efficiency of the solar battery panel and to shield the solar radiation from the roof surface of the building.
b) Since the chamber portion 14 is made of a material such as aluminum having a high thermal conductivity, heat can be easily transferred from the solar cell panel 12 to the chamber portion 14 even when the amount of solar radiation is small. Generation of warm water and generation of warm air can be easily realized.
c) In winter, when the amount of solar radiation is small and the back surface temperature of the solar battery panel 12 is low, by flowing air instead of water in the chamber portion 14 from the fluid inlet port 1402 to the fluid outlet port 1404 by natural convection, The temperature rise in winter is higher for air than for water. In this case, since the air density (about 1 kg / m ³ ) is smaller than the water density (about 1000 kg / m ³ ), the heating temperature of the air can be increased.
d) Since the electric energy when air is supplied to the chamber portion 14 can be reduced as compared with the electric energy required to supply water to the chamber portion 14, the operation of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 10 shown in this embodiment in winter The electrical energy required for the entire system is reduced.
e) Since a water supply pipe to the electric water heater is arranged in the attic space heated by the supply of warm air from the chamber section 14, water heated through this water supply pipe is supplied to the electric water heater. As a result, the efficiency of heat exchange is increased and the power consumption can be reduced.
f) Since the exterior case 18 that houses the first heat insulating material 16 and houses and holds the chamber portion 14 is made of a material having high heat insulating performance, it is possible to prevent moisture from entering the first heat insulating material 16. At the same time, the thermal bridge portion can be reduced, and the heat flux reaching the roof of the building can be reduced.
g) Since the chamber part 14 is provided in the laminated state on the back surface of the solar cell panel 12, a difference occurs in the power generation efficiency of the plurality of solar cell modules 1202 constituting the solar cell panel 12, but for each solar cell module A temperature sensor 1204 is provided on the back surface, and the flow rate of water or air flowing in the chamber portion 14 is adjusted based on the temperature detected by each temperature sensor 1204. In order to maximize the power generation efficiency, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell panel 12 can be made substantially uniform.
h) By providing the second heat insulating material 20 on the back surface of the roof 2202, the heat transfer efficiency from the solar heat and the solar power generation device 10 is reduced, and the heat insulating effect of the roof 2202 can be improved.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Solar power generation device, 12 ... Solar cell panel, 1202 ... Solar cell module, 1204 ... Temperature sensor, 14 ... Chamber part, 1402 ... Fluid inlet, 1404 ... Fluid outlet, 1406 ... Fluid passage, 1408 ... Partition 1410 ... Cooling / warming chamber, 16 ... First heat insulating material, 18 ... Exterior case, 1802 ... Heat insulating material accommodating portion, 1804 ... Chamber accommodating portion, 20 ... Second heat insulating material, 22 ... Building, 2202 ... Roof, 2204 ... Attic space, 24 ... Flow control valve, 26 ... Electric water heater, 28 ... Hot water supply pipe, 30 ... Control part, 32 ... Water pipe.

Claims (8)

A solar panel arranged on the top surface of the roof of the building;
The solar cell panel is cooled by a fluid which is provided on the back surface of the solar cell panel facing the top surface of the roof and is in contact with the entire area of the back surface and flows inside, and the fluid is applied by solar heat and heat from the solar cell panel. A chamber portion in which a cooling / heating chamber to be heated is formed;
A first heat insulating material provided between the upper surface of the roof and the chamber portion;
An insulation case that is installed on the upper surface of the roof and that accommodates the entire surface of the first heat insulating material so as to be covered; and an exterior case having a chamber accommodating portion that accommodates the chamber portion.
A solar power generation device characterized by that.   The solar power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the outer case is made of a material having high heat insulation performance.   The photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fluid supplied to the cooling / warming chamber is water or outside air supplied for hot water supply.   4. The solar power generation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the water supplied to the hot water supply is tap water.   The fluid supplied to the cooling / warming chamber is outside air, and the outside air is sucked into the cooling / warming chamber from a suction port provided at one end of the cooling / warming chamber by natural convection. The air after cooling and heating the solar cell panel flows into the attic space formed on the back side of the roof of the building from the outlet provided at the other end of the cooling / heating chamber. The solar power generation device according to claim 3, wherein the solar power generation device is discharged.   The solar cell panel is configured by arranging a plurality of solar cell modules in a flat plate shape, provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature for each of the solar cell modules, and based on the temperature detected by each temperature sensor. 6. The solar power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the cooling / heating chamber is adjusted so that the power generation efficiency of the solar cell panel is uniform. .   The attic space formed on the back side of the roof of the building is configured such that air after cooling and heating the solar panel is provided, and a water supply pipe is disposed in the attic space, The solar power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein water is supplied through the water supply pipe to an electric water heater disposed inside or outside the building. .   The photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a second heat insulating material is provided on a back surface of the roof.

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