JP2011160702A

JP2011160702A - Hydroponic device

Info

Publication number: JP2011160702A
Application number: JP2010025610A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Yasushi Taniguchi; 裕史谷口; Hiroyuki Akita; 宏行秋田; Shoichi Nakahara; 正一中原; Ichiro Mori; 一朗森
Original assignee: Hazama Gumi Ltd; Hazama Corp; Ibaraki Prefecture; Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hazama Corp; Ibaraki Prefecture; Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date: 2010-02-08
Filing date: 2010-02-08
Publication date: 2011-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2030-02-08
Also published as: JP5569776B2

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce costs required for production and installation of the whole device by forming a liquid manure device in an easy device structure, and reducing the number of parts of the liquid manure device and a man-hour of assembling the parts, and further a liquid manure device installation man-hour into a field. SOLUTION: The hydroponic device is such that the liquid manure device 3 includes a liquid manure producing device 4 and a liquid manure supplying device 5. The liquid manure producing device 4 and the liquid manure supplying device 5 are each separately independently formed. One or a plurality of the liquid manure supplying devices 5 are installed on each of fields 2 of a different height according to the width of the field 2, one or a plurality (less than the liquid manure supplying devices 5) of the liquid manure producing devices 4 are installed on each of a plurality of the fields 2 as a liquid manure producing source common in each of the fields 2, and an interval between the liquid manure supplying device 5 and the liquid manure producing device 4 is connected by a piping system. Each of the devices 4 and 5 are automatically driven by a control console. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、毛管水耕栽培技術（マット給液）を利用した養液栽培装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus using a capillary hydroponic cultivation technique (mat feed).

従前、この種の養液栽培装置が特許文献１により提案されている。この装置は、植物体に供給する液肥を収容する一対の液肥槽、及び液肥槽に収容された液肥を毛細管現象により汲み上る給液マットとを備え、給液マット上に植物体を少なくとも１列以上並べて配置し、植物体の列の両側に各液肥槽を設置して、一方の液肥槽から液肥を給液マットを通して他方の液肥槽へ移動させることにより、給液マットから植物体の根系に液肥を供給するようになっている。 Conventionally, this kind of hydroponic cultivation apparatus has been proposed in Patent Document 1. The apparatus includes a pair of liquid fertilizer tanks that store liquid fertilizers to be supplied to the plant bodies, and a liquid supply mat that pumps the liquid manure stored in the liquid fertilizer tanks by capillary action, and at least one row of the plant bodies on the liquid supply mats. Place the liquid fertilizer tanks on both sides of the row of plant bodies, move the liquid fertilizer from one liquid fertilizer tank through the liquid mat to the other liquid fertilizer tank, and then transfer from the liquid mat to the root system of the plant bodies. Liquid fertilizer is supplied.

しかしながら、このような毛管水耕栽培では、水の毛細管現象によって吸い上げられ給液マット上を移動する液肥の移動速度は極めて遅く、植物を栽培する給液マット上を液肥が移動している間に、液肥の組成や濃度が変化してしまうため、植物を均一に生育させることが困難であった。この場合、植物体を均一に生育させるには、植物体を給液マット上のどこに置いても植物体の根系に均一に液肥を供給することが必要であるが、上記の装置では、給液マット全体の液肥の状態を同時に一定化することは困難であった。 However, in such capillary hydroponics, the moving speed of liquid fertilizer that is sucked up by the capillary action of water and moves on the liquid supply mat is extremely slow, while the liquid fertilizer is moving on the liquid supply mat for growing plants. Since the composition and concentration of liquid fertilizer are changed, it is difficult to grow the plant uniformly. In this case, in order to grow the plant body uniformly, it is necessary to supply the liquid fertilizer uniformly to the root system of the plant body wherever the plant body is placed on the liquid supply mat. It was difficult to simultaneously stabilize the liquid fertilizer state of the entire mat.

そこで、本願発明者は、このような毛管水耕栽培において、植物が吸収できる液肥の状態を給液マットの上のどこでも均一にし得る、新たな装置を創案し、これを特許文献２により提案した。この装置では、植物体に供給する液肥を収容する一対の液肥槽、及び液肥槽に収容された液肥を毛細管現象により汲み上る給液マットと、液肥槽に液肥を供給する液肥装置とを備え、さらに、両側の液肥槽と液肥装置との間に、各液肥槽の中の液肥に水位差を与えるとともに各液肥槽の水位の高低を交互に切り替える手段を備え、当該手段により、給液マットが、栽培ポットに植生した植物体の列の片側一方から液肥を供給し、その列の片側他方へと液肥を移動させながら植物体の根系に液肥を供給するとともに、この給液マットの液肥の流れを交互に逆方向に切り替えるようになっている。このようにして給液マット上に栽培ポットを配置することにより、給液マットの位置に係わらず、植物体の根系に均一に液肥を供給することができ、植物体を均一に生育することができる。 Therefore, the inventor of the present application has created a new device that can make the state of liquid fertilizer that can be absorbed by the plant uniform anywhere on the supply mat in such capillary hydroponics, and proposed this in Patent Document 2. . In this device, a pair of liquid fertilizer tanks that store liquid fertilizer to be supplied to the plant body, a liquid feeding mat that pumps up the liquid fertilizers stored in the liquid fertilizer tank by capillary action, and a liquid fertilizer apparatus that supplies the liquid fertilizer to the liquid fertilizer tank, Furthermore, the liquid fertilizer tank and the liquid fertilizer device on both sides are provided with means for providing a water level difference to the liquid fertilizer in each liquid fertilizer tank and alternately switching the water level of each liquid fertilizer tank. The liquid fertilizer is supplied from one side of the row of plants planted in the cultivation pot, and the liquid fertilizer is supplied to the root system of the plant body while moving the liquid fertilizer to the other side of the row. Are alternately switched in the opposite direction. By arranging the cultivation pot on the liquid supply mat in this way, liquid fertilizer can be supplied uniformly to the root system of the plant body regardless of the position of the liquid supply mat, and the plant body can be grown uniformly. it can.

特開平０５−３０８８６４号公報JP 05-308864 A 特許第４１９５７１２号公報Japanese Patent No. 4195712

ところで、上記文献２の養液栽培装置を実用化するに当たり、同装置を農業用地や作物栽培工場などの屋内施設に設置することになるが、この場合、給液マットを同じ高さの水平面上に敷設する必要があり、多少の誤差があってもいけないため、この養液栽培装置により圃場となる農業用地が高さの異なる複数の地盤からなっていたり屋内施設が多段式のブロックになっていたりすると、高さの異なる箇所ごとに養液栽培装置を設置し、併せて養液栽培装置ごとに液肥槽に液肥を供給するための液肥装置を設置しなければならない。この場合、液肥装置は液肥を作成する機能と液肥を各液肥槽に送給する機能の２機能を具備する必要があるため、装置は大型化し、また、圃場の数だけ必要になるために、全体として、液肥装置の部品点数及びその組み立て、さらに装置の圃場への設置に必要な工数は増加し、製造及び設置に要するコストは増大せざるを得ず、このため、農業分野で適用できるようなコストを実現することは極めて難しい。また、圃場の数だけ液肥装置を設置して、圃場ごとに液肥を作成するのも非効率であり、この点も検討する必要がある。
また、上記文献２の養液栽培装置を用いて毛管水耕栽培を行うには、栽培に使用する液肥を精度よく作成すること、作成した液肥を所定の方法、すなわち、液肥の排液、供給、循環、休止のサイクルで圃場の栽培物に供給すること、さらに均等な高さの圃場に適用すること、などが求められるが、特に、養液栽培経験が少ない農業従事者、農業への新規参入者、農業に精通していない者にとって、その求めに応じることは極めて困難である。 By the way, in putting the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the above-mentioned literature 2 into practical use, the apparatus is installed in indoor facilities such as agricultural land and crop cultivation factories. In this case, the liquid supply mat is placed on the horizontal plane of the same height. Therefore, this hydroponic device can make the agricultural field as a farm field composed of multiple grounds with different heights, and the indoor facilities are multistage blocks. In other words, it is necessary to install a nutrient solution cultivating device for each portion having a different height, and also install a fluid fertilizer device for supplying the liquid fertilizer to the fluid fertilizer tank for each nutrient solution cultivating device. In this case, the liquid fertilizer device needs to have two functions: a function of creating liquid fertilizer and a function of feeding liquid fertilizer to each liquid fertilizer tank, so that the device becomes larger and only the number of fields is required. Overall, the number of parts of the liquid fertilizer equipment and its assembly, and the man-hours required to install the equipment on the field increase, and the cost required for production and installation must increase, so that it can be applied in the agricultural field. Real cost is extremely difficult. In addition, it is inefficient to install liquid fertilizer devices for the number of fields and create liquid fertilizer for each field, and this point needs to be examined.
Moreover, in order to perform capillary hydroponics using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the said literature 2, the liquid fertilizer used for cultivation is created accurately, the created liquid fertilizer is a predetermined method, ie, drainage and supply of liquid fertilizer It is necessary to supply to the cultivation in the field with a cycle of circulation and pause, and to apply to the field of uniform height, etc., but in particular, agricultural workers with little hydroponic cultivation experience, new to agriculture It is extremely difficult for entrants and those who are not familiar with agriculture to meet their needs.

本発明は、このような従来の問題を解決するものであり、この種の養液栽培装置において、特に液肥装置を簡単な装置構成にして、液肥装置の部品点数及びその組み立て工数、さらに液肥装置の圃場への設置工数を軽減して、装置全体の製造及び設置に要するコストの低減を図ること、また、圃場ごとに液肥装置を設置して液肥を作成することを不要とすること、さらに、養液栽培経験が少ない農業従事者、農業への新規参入者、農業に精通していない者でも特許文献２の発明に基づく毛管水耕栽培の実用化を図ることなど、を目的とする。 The present invention solves such a conventional problem, and in this type of hydroponic cultivation apparatus, in particular, the liquid fertilizer apparatus has a simple device configuration, the number of parts of the liquid fertilizer apparatus, the number of assembly steps, and the liquid fertilizer apparatus. Reducing the number of man-hours for installation in the field, reducing the cost required for manufacturing and installing the entire device, making it unnecessary to install liquid fertilizer equipment for each field and creating liquid fertilizer, It aims at the practical application of the capillary hydroponics based on invention of patent document 2, etc. even for the agricultural worker with little hydroponic cultivation experience, the new entrant to agriculture, and the person who is not familiar with agriculture.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、植物体に供給する液肥を収容する一対の液肥槽及び前記液肥槽に収容された液肥を毛細管現象により汲み上る給液マットを有する圃場と、前記液肥槽に液肥を供給する液肥装置とを備え、前記圃場の給液マット上に植物体を少なくとも１列以上並べて配置し、前記植物体の列の両側に前記各液肥槽を設置して、前記一方の液肥槽から液肥を前記給液マットを通して前記他方の液肥槽へ移動させることにより、前記給液マットから前記植物体の根系に液肥を供給する養液栽培装置において、前記液肥装置は、前記液肥を作成する液肥作成装置と、前記液肥作成装置により作成された液肥を前記液肥槽に送給する液肥送給装置とを備え、前記液肥作成装置と前記液肥送給装置はそれぞれ分離独立して構成されて、高さが異なる圃場ごとに当該圃場の広さに応じて１機又は複数機の液肥送給装置が設置され、複数の圃場ごとに当該各圃場共通の液肥作成源として１機又は複数機の液肥作成装置が設置され、前記液肥送給装置と前記液肥作成装置との間が配管系により接続される、ことを要旨とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a field having a pair of liquid fertilizer tanks for storing liquid manure to be supplied to a plant body and a liquid supply mat for pumping the liquid manure stored in the liquid fertilizer tank by capillary action, and the liquid fertilizer. A liquid fertilizer device for supplying liquid fertilizer to the tank, and arranging at least one row of plants on the liquid supply mat of the field, installing each liquid fertilizer tank on both sides of the row of plants, In the hydroponics apparatus for supplying liquid fertilizer from the liquid supply mat to the root system of the plant body by moving liquid fertilizer from the liquid fertilizer tank to the other liquid fertilizer tank through the liquid supply mat, the liquid fertilizer apparatus includes the liquid fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer creating device and liquid fertilizer feeding device for feeding the liquid fertilizer created by the liquid fertilizer creating device to the liquid fertilizer tank, and the liquid fertilizer creating device and the liquid fertilizer feeding device are configured separately from each other The One or a plurality of liquid fertilizer feeding devices are installed for each field having different heights according to the size of the field, and one or a plurality of liquid fertilizer production sources are common to each field for each of the plurality of fields. The liquid fertilizer producing apparatus is installed, and the liquid fertilizer feeding apparatus and the liquid fertilizer producing apparatus are connected by a piping system.

また、この養液栽培装置は各部が次のように具体化されることが好ましい。
（１）液肥作成装置は、液肥を作るための原液を作成する手段と、前記原液を貯留する手段と、前記原液から液肥を作成する手段とを有する。
なお、ここで原液とは、高濃度の液肥をいい、粉末状の肥料を水で溶解して作成する。作物栽培に使用する液肥は原液を原水（井戸水、水道水など）で希釈して作成する。
（２）上記（１）の液肥作成装置はまた、原液を計量するための容積計量式の手段を併せて有する。
（３）液肥送給装置は、各液肥槽の中の液肥に水位差を与えるとともに各液肥槽の水位の高低を交互に切り替える手段を有する。
（４）上記（３）の液肥送給装置はまた、液肥槽の中の液肥を攪拌する手段を併せて有する。 Moreover, it is preferable that each part of this hydroponic cultivation apparatus is embodied as follows.
(1) The liquid fertilizer producing device includes means for creating a stock solution for making liquid fertilizer, means for storing the stock solution, and means for creating liquid fertilizer from the stock solution.
Here, the undiluted solution refers to high concentration liquid fertilizer, which is prepared by dissolving powdered fertilizer with water. The liquid fertilizer used for crop cultivation is prepared by diluting the stock solution with raw water (well water, tap water, etc.).
(2) The liquid fertilizer producing device according to (1) also includes volumetric measuring means for measuring the stock solution.
(3) The liquid fertilizer feeding device has means for giving a water level difference to the liquid fertilizer in each liquid fertilizer tank and alternately switching the level of each liquid fertilizer tank.
(4) The liquid fertilizer feeding device according to (3) also includes means for stirring the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer tank.

本発明の養液栽培装置では、上記の構成により、高さが異なる圃場ごとに当該圃場の広さに応じて１機又は複数機の液肥送給装置を設置し、複数の圃場ごとに当該各圃場に共通の液肥作成源として１機又は（液肥送給装置よりも少ない）複数機の液肥作成装置を設置して、これら液肥送給装置と液肥作成装置を配管系により接続するので、特に液肥装置を液肥作成装置を分離した分だけ簡単な装置構成にして、液肥装置の部品点数及びその組み立て工数、さらに液肥装置の圃場への設置工数を軽減することができ、装置全体の製造及び設置に要するコストを大幅に低減して、農業分野で適用し得るコストを実現することができ、さらに、複数の圃場に共通の液肥作成装置で液肥を作成し、当該各圃場の各液肥送給装置を介して液肥槽に送給するので、圃場ごとに液肥作成装置を設置して液肥を作成することを不要として、作業効率の向上を図ることができる、という格別な効果を奏する。
そして、この養液栽培装置では、液肥作成装置により、栽培に使用する液肥を精度よく作成することができ、液肥送給装置により、作成した液肥を所定の方法、すなわち、液肥の排液、供給、循環、休止のサイクルで圃場の栽培物に供給することができ、さらに、１機又は複数機の液肥送給装置と１機又は（液肥送給装置よりも少ない）複数機の液肥作成装置の様々な組み合わせにより、異なる高さの圃場に効率的に適用することができるので、養液栽培経験が少ない農業従事者、農業への新規参入者、農業に精通していない者などでも、特許文献２の発明に基づく毛管水耕栽培の実用化を図ることができる、という格別な効果を奏する。 In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, with the above configuration, one or a plurality of liquid fertilizer feeding apparatuses are installed for each field having different heights according to the size of the field, and each of the plurality of fields is provided for each field. As a liquid fertilizer production source common in the field, one or several liquid fertilizer production devices (less than the liquid fertilizer feeding device) are installed, and these liquid fertilizer feeding device and liquid fertilizer production device are connected by a piping system. The device can be made as simple as the liquid fertilizer production device is separated, reducing the number of parts of the liquid fertilizer device and its assembly man-hours, and further reducing the man-hours for installing the liquid fertilizer device in the field. The cost required can be greatly reduced, and the cost that can be applied in the agricultural field can be realized. In addition, liquid fertilizer can be created with a liquid fertilizer creation device common to a plurality of fields, and each liquid fertilizer feeding device for each field can be created. To the liquid fertilizer tank Since, as unnecessary to create a liquid fertilizer installed liquid fertilizer producing apparatus for each field, it is possible to improve the work efficiency, provides the exceptional effect that.
And in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus, the liquid fertilizer used for cultivation can be accurately produced by the liquid fertilizer production apparatus, and the produced liquid fertilizer is supplied by the liquid fertilizer feeding apparatus in a predetermined method, that is, liquid fertilizer drainage and supply It can be supplied to the crops in the field in a cycle of circulation and pause, and moreover, one or more liquid fertilizer feeders and one or more (less than liquid fertilizer feeders) Various combinations can be applied efficiently to different height fields, so even farmers with little hydroponic cultivation experience, new entrants to agriculture, those who are not familiar with agriculture, etc. There is an extraordinary effect that capillary hydroponics based on the invention of 2 can be put into practical use.

本発明の一実施の形態における養液栽培装置全体の構成を示す側面図The side view which shows the structure of the whole hydroponic cultivation apparatus in one embodiment of this invention （ａ）同養液栽培装置の特に液肥作成装置の構成を示す拡大平面図（ｂ）同一方の拡大側面図（ｃ）同他方の拡大側面図(A) Enlarged plan view showing the configuration of the liquid fertilizer producing device, in particular, the hydroponics device (b) Enlarged side view on the same side (c) Enlarged side view on the other side 同養液栽培装置の特に液肥作成装置の具体的な構成を拡大して示す図The figure which expands and shows the concrete composition of the liquid fertilizer making device of the hydroponics device especially 同養液栽培装置の特に液肥送給装置の構成を示す拡大側面図An enlarged side view showing the configuration of the liquid fertilizer feeding device, particularly the liquid fertilizer feeding device 同養液栽培装置の特に制御盤の動作プログラムの一例（原液タンクのＡ原液を計量タンクで計量し、液肥作成貯留タンクに投入するまでの流れ）を示す流れ図Flow chart showing an example of the operation program of the control panel of the nutrient solution cultivating apparatus (flow from measuring A stock solution in stock solution tank in measuring tank and putting it into liquid fertilizer production storage tank) 同養液栽培装置の特に制御盤の動作プログラムの一例（液肥作成貯留タンクで液肥を作成し、液肥タンクへ供給するまでの流れ）を示す流れ図Flow chart showing an example of the operation program for the control panel of the hydroponic cultivation device (flow from creating liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer creation storage tank and supplying it to the liquid fertilizer tank) 同養液栽培装置の特に制御盤の動作プログラムの一例（液肥送給ユニットによる液肥の排液、給液、循環、休止のサイクルの流れ）を示す流れ図Flow chart showing an example of the operation program of the control panel of the hydroponic cultivation device (flow of liquid fertilizer drainage, liquid supply, circulation, and pause by the liquid fertilizer feeding unit)

次に、この発明を実施するための形態について図を用いて説明する。図１に養液栽培装置全体を示し、図２乃至図４にその要部を示している。図１に示すように、養液栽培装置１は、レタスその他の各種の野菜（植物体）を栽培する複数の圃場２と、これらの圃場２に液肥を供給する液肥装置３とにより構成される。 Next, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the entire hydroponic cultivation apparatus, and FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 includes a plurality of fields 2 for growing lettuce and other various vegetables (plants), and a liquid fertilizer apparatus 3 that supplies liquid fertilizer to these fields 2. .

圃場２はそれぞれ、農業用地などに設置される栽培ベッド２１と、この栽培ベッド２１の両側に設置され、野菜に供給するための液肥を収容する一対の液肥槽２２、２３と、この栽培ベッド２１の上に敷設され、給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３に収容された液肥を毛細管現象により汲み上げ、野菜に供給するための給液マット２４とを備える。 Each of the farm fields 2 is a cultivation bed 21 installed on an agricultural land, a pair of liquid fertilizer tanks 22 and 23 that are installed on both sides of the cultivation bed 21 and store liquid fertilizer for supplying vegetables, and the cultivation bed 21. And a liquid supply mat 24 for pumping the liquid manure stored in the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side by capillary action and supplying it to vegetables.

この場合、栽培ベッド２１はレタスその他の各種の野菜の栽培に適した所定の長さ及び高さを有する長いテーブルになっている。各液肥槽２２、２３は所定量の液肥を収容可能な樋（横樋）構造の長い容器で、各々、栽培ベッド２１の両側に栽培ベッド２１の天面と同じ高さに設置される。これらの液肥槽２２、２３には液肥の水位を感知するための水位センサがそれぞれ配設される。この場合、各液肥槽２２、２３の奥側の上流側に下限センサが設置され、手前側の下流側に上限センサが設置される。給液マット２４は親水性を有する不織布などからなるマットで、栽培ベッド２１の天面よりも少し大きく形成され、栽培ベッド２１の天面に敷設される。そして、給液マット２４の両側が栽培ベッド２１両側の各液肥槽２２、２３に垂らされる。 In this case, the cultivation bed 21 is a long table having a predetermined length and height suitable for cultivation of lettuce and other various vegetables. Each of the liquid fertilizer tanks 22 and 23 is a long container having a cocoon (horizontal tub) structure capable of accommodating a predetermined amount of liquid fertilizer, and is installed on both sides of the cultivation bed 21 at the same height as the top surface of the cultivation bed 21. These liquid fertilizer tanks 22 and 23 are respectively provided with water level sensors for sensing the liquid fertilizer water level. In this case, a lower limit sensor is installed upstream of the liquid fertilizer tanks 22 and 23, and an upper limit sensor is installed downstream of the front side. The liquid supply mat 24 is a mat made of a hydrophilic nonwoven fabric or the like, is formed slightly larger than the top surface of the cultivation bed 21, and is laid on the top surface of the cultivation bed 21. Then, both sides of the liquid supply mat 24 are hung on the liquid fertilizer tanks 22 and 23 on both sides of the cultivation bed 21.

液肥装置３は、液肥を作成する液肥作成装置４と、液肥作成装置４により作成された液肥を液肥槽２２又は２３に送給する液肥送給装置５とを備え、これら液肥作成装置４と液肥送給装置５はそれぞれ分離独立して構成される。 The liquid fertilizer device 3 includes a liquid fertilizer creation device 4 that creates liquid fertilizer, and a liquid fertilizer feeding device 5 that feeds the liquid fertilizer created by the liquid fertilizer creation device 4 to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23. The feeding devices 5 are configured separately and independently.

液肥作成装置４は、図２に示すように、液肥を作るための原液を作成する原液作成部４１と、原液作成部４１により作成された原液を貯留する原液貯留部４２と、原液を計量するための原液計量部４３と、原液貯留部４２に貯留された原液から液肥を作成し貯留する液肥作成部４４と、これら各部を接続する複数の配管及び各種の弁、ポンプ及びセンサと、これら各部、各種の弁、ポンプ及びセンサを制御する制御盤４８と、を備える。
なお、ここで原液とは、高濃度の液肥をいい、粉末状の肥料を水で溶解して作成する。作物栽培に使用する液肥は原液を原水（井戸水、水道水など）で希釈して作成する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the liquid fertilizer creating device 4 measures a stock solution, a stock solution creating unit 41 that creates a stock solution for creating liquid fertilizer, a stock solution storage unit 42 that stores the stock solution created by the stock solution creating unit 41, and Liquid stock measuring unit 43, liquid fertilizer creating unit 44 for creating and storing liquid manure from stock solution stored in stock solution storing unit 42, a plurality of pipes and various valves, pumps and sensors for connecting these units, and each of these units And a control panel 48 for controlling various valves, pumps and sensors.
Here, the undiluted solution refers to high concentration liquid fertilizer, which is prepared by dissolving powdered fertilizer with water. The liquid fertilizer used for crop cultivation is prepared by diluting the stock solution with raw water (well water, tap water, etc.).

原液作成部４１は、図３に示すように、原液を作成するための原液作成タンク４１０と、このタンク４１０内に水を注入するための水道設備４５とからなる。この場合、原液作成タンク４１０は上部に水の注入口４１１を有するタンクで、タンク４１０の底部に原液の排出口４１２が形成され、当該排出口４１２に連結される配管４１３、及びこの配管４１３に連結されて原液貯留部４２まで延び、タンク４１０内部の原液を原液貯留部４２へ導く配管４１４と、タンク４１０の周面上部及び下部に口４１５、４１６が形成され、当該各口４１５、４１６に連結される各配管４１７、４１８と、タンク４１０に近接して設置され、タンク４１０内の原液を導出するためのポンプ４１９と、ポンプ４１９の吸込側及び吐出側に連結される各配管４２０、４２１と、タンク４１０の底部の各配管４１３、４１４とポンプ４１９の吸込側の配管４２０とを連結する３方向切替弁４２２、及びタンク４１０の周面上部及び下部の各配管４１７、４１８とポンプ４１９の吐出側の配管４２１とを連結する３方向切替弁４２３とを有し、タンク４１０の底部の排出口４１２に連結される配管４１３と３方向切替弁４２２を介して連結される配管４１４とにより、タンク４１０内の原液を原液貯留部４２へ送り出す原液送出経路が形成され、タンク４１０の底部の排出口４１２に連結される配管４１３、３方向切替弁４２２、ポンプ４１９、３方向切替弁４２３及びタンク４１０の周面上部及び下部の各口４１５、４１６に連結される各配管４１７、４１８により、タンク４１０内の原液（粉末肥料と水）を撹拌する原液撹拌装置が構成される。このようにしてこのタンク４１０上部の水の注入口４１１の上方に水道設備４５の放水口４５１が設置される。 As shown in FIG. 3, the stock solution creation unit 41 includes a stock solution creation tank 410 for creating a stock solution and a water supply facility 45 for injecting water into the tank 410. In this case, the stock solution preparation tank 410 is a tank having a water inlet 411 at the top, a stock solution discharge port 412 is formed at the bottom of the tank 410, a pipe 413 connected to the discharge port 412, and the pipe 413. The pipe 414 is connected to the stock solution storage part 42 and leads the stock solution in the tank 410 to the stock solution storage part 42, and ports 415 and 416 are formed in the upper and lower peripheral surfaces of the tank 410. The pipes 417 and 418 to be connected, the pump 419 installed near the tank 410 and leading to the stock solution in the tank 410, and the pipes 420 and 421 connected to the suction side and the discharge side of the pump 419 A three-way switching valve 422 that connects the pipes 413 and 414 at the bottom of the tank 410 and the pipe 420 on the suction side of the pump 419, A three-way switching valve 423 that connects the upper and lower pipes 417 and 418 and the discharge pipe 421 of the pump 419, and a pipe 413 and a three-way pipe that are connected to the discharge port 412 at the bottom of the tank 410. The piping 414 connected via the switching valve 422 forms a stock solution delivery path for sending the stock solution in the tank 410 to the stock solution storage section 42, and the piping 413, 3 directions connected to the discharge port 412 at the bottom of the tank 410 The stock solution (powder fertilizer and water) in the tank 410 is obtained by the switching valve 422, the pump 419, the three-way switching valve 423 and the pipes 417 and 418 connected to the upper and lower ports 415 and 416 of the peripheral surface of the tank 410. A stock solution stirring device for stirring is configured. In this way, the water outlet 451 of the water supply facility 45 is installed above the water inlet 411 above the tank 410.

原液貯留部４２は、図３に示すように、複数の原液タンク４２Ａ、４２Ｂ、４２Ｃにより構成される。この場合、複数の原液タンク４２Ａ、４２Ｂ、４２Ｃは３つのタンクからなり、これらのタンク４２Ａ、４２Ｂ、４２Ｃはそれぞれ上部に原液の注入口４２６を有し、底部に原液の排出口４２７が形成される。既述の原液作成タンク４１０の底部の排出口４１２から延びる配管４１３、４１４はこの原液貯留部４２で３方向切替弁４２８により分岐され、一方が原液タンク４２Ａに上部の注入口４２６を通して接続され、他方が原液タンク４２Ｂに上部の注入口４２６を通して接続される。なお、この原液貯留部４２では、原液タンク４２Ｃが液肥のペーハを調整するための液肥を貯留するものとして設置されており、このため、この原液タンク４２Ｃと原液作成タンク４１０が接続されていない状態になっているが、この原液タンク４２Ｃについても必要に応じて他の原液タンク４２Ａ、４２Ｂと同様に原液作成タンク４１０と接続されてもよい。また、これらのタンク４２Ａ、４２Ｂ、４２Ｃの底部の排出口４２７にそれぞれ配管４２９が連結され、これらの配管４２９はそれぞれポンプ４３０の吸込側に連結される。そしてこれらのポンプ４３０の吐出側に配管４３１が連結され、これらの配管４３１がそれぞれ原液計量部４３へ延ばされる。 As shown in FIG. 3, the stock solution storage unit 42 includes a plurality of stock solution tanks 42 A, 42 B, and 42 C. In this case, the plurality of stock solution tanks 42A, 42B, and 42C are composed of three tanks. Each of these tanks 42A, 42B, and 42C has a stock solution inlet 426 at the top and a stock solution discharge port 427 at the bottom. The Pipes 413 and 414 extending from the discharge port 412 at the bottom of the above-described stock solution preparation tank 410 are branched by the three-way switching valve 428 in this stock solution storage portion 42, and one of them is connected to the stock solution tank 42A through the top inlet 426, The other is connected to the stock solution tank 42B through the upper inlet 426. In the stock solution storage unit 42, the stock solution tank 42C is installed as a device for storing liquid fertilizer for adjusting the pH of the liquid manure. For this reason, the stock solution tank 42C and the stock solution creation tank 410 are not connected. However, this stock solution tank 42C may be connected to the stock solution creation tank 410 as in the case of the other stock solution tanks 42A and 42B, if necessary. Also, pipes 429 are connected to the discharge ports 427 at the bottom of these tanks 42A, 42B, 42C, respectively, and these pipes 429 are connected to the suction side of the pump 430, respectively. Then, pipes 431 are connected to the discharge side of these pumps 430, and these pipes 431 are respectively extended to the stock solution measuring unit 43.

原液計量部４３は、図３に示すように、複数の計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃにより構成される。この場合、複数の計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃは３つの容積計量式のタンク（例えば、メスシリンダーやメスフラスコなど）からなる。これらの計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃはそれぞれ、周面上部に原液の流入口４３６を有し、下部に原液の流出口４３７が形成される。既述の３つの原液タンク４２Ａ、４２Ｂ、４２Ｃの底部の排出口４２７から延びる配管４３１はそれぞれ、あらかじめ決められた原液計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃに周面上部の注入口４３６を通して接続される。ここでは、原液タンク４２Ａの底部の流出口４２７から延びる配管４３１は計量弁４３８を介して原液計量タンク４３ａに周面上部の流入口４３６を通して接続され、原液タンク４２Ｂの底部の流出口４２７から延びる配管４３１は計量弁４３８を介して原液計量タンク４３ｂに周面上部の流入口４３６を通して接続され、原液タンク４２Ｃの底部の流出口４２７から延びる配管４３１は計量弁４３８を介して原液計量タンク４３ｃに周面上部の流入口４３６を通して接続される。そして、これら計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃの下部の流出口４３７にそれぞれ投入弁４３９を介して配管４４０が連結され、これらの配管４４０がそれぞれ液肥作成部４４へ延ばされる。また、これらの計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃには、原液の容積計量を行うために、センサ４６が併せて使用される。このセンサ４６は原液の液面を検出する形式のもので、計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃの外部にセンサ４６の位置を表示する表示板４７が設置されて、このセンサ４６の位置により計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃ内の原液の容量が分かるようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 3, the stock solution metering unit 43 includes a plurality of metering tanks 43a, 43b, and 43c. In this case, the plurality of measuring tanks 43a, 43b, and 43c are composed of three volumetric measuring tanks (for example, a measuring cylinder and a measuring flask). Each of these measuring tanks 43a, 43b, 43c has a stock solution inlet 436 in the upper part of the peripheral surface and a stock solution outlet 437 in the lower part. Pipes 431 extending from the discharge ports 427 at the bottom of the three stock solution tanks 42A, 42B, and 42C described above are connected to predetermined stock solution measurement tanks 43a, 43b, and 43c through an inlet 436 at the upper peripheral surface. Here, the piping 431 extending from the outlet 427 at the bottom of the stock solution tank 42A is connected to the stock solution metering tank 43a via the metering valve 438 through the inlet 436 at the upper peripheral surface, and extends from the outlet 427 at the bottom of the stock solution tank 42B. The pipe 431 is connected to the stock solution metering tank 43b via the metering valve 438 through the inlet 436 at the upper peripheral surface, and the pipe 431 extending from the outlet 427 at the bottom of the stock solution tank 42C is connected to the stock solution metering tank 43c via the metering valve 438. It is connected through an inlet 436 at the upper peripheral surface. Then, pipes 440 are connected to the outlets 437 below the measuring tanks 43a, 43b, and 43c via the input valves 439, respectively, and these pipes 440 are respectively extended to the liquid fertilizer creating unit 44. The measuring tanks 43a, 43b, and 43c are used together with a sensor 46 for measuring the volume of the stock solution. The sensor 46 is of a type that detects the level of the stock solution, and a display plate 47 that displays the position of the sensor 46 is installed outside the measuring tanks 43a, 43b, 43c. 43b, 43c, the volume of the undiluted solution can be understood.

液肥作成部４４は、図３に示すように、液肥を作成し貯留するための液肥作成貯留タンク４４１と、このタンク４４１内に水を注入するための水道設備４５とからなる。この場合、液肥作成貯留タンク４４１は上部に水の注入口４４２を有するタンクで、タンク４４１外又はタンク４４１内に設置され、タンク４４１内で液肥を撹拌（水と原液を混合）するための混合ポンプ４４３と、タンク４４１の底部に液肥の排出口４４４が形成され、当該排出口４４４に連結される配管４４５、及びこの配管４４５に送水ポンプ４４６を介して連結されて圃場２へ延び、タンク４４１内部の液肥を圃場２へ導く配管４４７と、を有する。また、この液肥作成貯留タンク４４１は、液肥の容積計量を行うために、容積計量式のタンクになっていて、センサ４４８が併せて使用される。この場合、センサ４４８は液肥の液面の下限を感知する下限検知センサと液面の上限を感知する上限感知センサが使用され、それぞれ液肥作成貯留タンク４４１内に設置される。なお、本装置のスタート時点（すなわち、液肥作成貯留タンク４４１が空の状態）と通常時（すなわち、液肥の液面が下限感知センサで感知される状態）のそれぞれから所定の水量を計量する必要があるため、上限感知センサは２点設置される。このようにしてこのタンク４４１上部の水の注入口４４２の上方に水道設備４５の放水口４５２が設置される。 As shown in FIG. 3, the liquid manure creating unit 44 includes a liquid manure creating and storing tank 441 for creating and storing liquid manure, and a water supply facility 45 for injecting water into the tank 441. In this case, the liquid fertilizer preparation and storage tank 441 is a tank having a water inlet 442 at the top, and is installed outside or inside the tank 441 and mixing for stirring the liquid fertilizer (mixing water and stock solution) in the tank 441. The liquid fertilizer discharge port 444 is formed at the bottom of the pump 443 and the tank 441, the pipe 445 connected to the discharge port 444, and connected to the pipe 445 via the water feed pump 446 and extending to the farm field 2, and the tank 441 And a pipe 447 for guiding the internal liquid fertilizer to the field 2. In addition, the liquid fertilizer production and storage tank 441 is a volumetric tank in order to measure the volume of liquid fertilizer, and the sensor 448 is also used. In this case, the sensor 448 uses a lower limit detection sensor that detects the lower limit of the liquid level of the liquid manure and an upper limit detection sensor that detects the upper limit of the liquid level, and is installed in the liquid fertilizer production storage tank 441, respectively. In addition, it is necessary to measure a predetermined amount of water from each of the start time of the apparatus (that is, the state where the liquid fertilizer production and storage tank 441 is empty) and the normal time (that is, the state where the liquid level of the liquid manure is detected by the lower limit sensor). Therefore, two upper limit detection sensors are installed. In this manner, the water outlet 452 of the water supply facility 45 is installed above the water inlet 442 above the tank 441.

制御盤置４８（図２参照）は液肥作成装置４全体をコントロールする装置で、タイマを用いた所定の動作プログラムにより、液肥作成装置４の各センサの各タンクにおける液面の感知に基づいて、各タンク又は各タンク間の各弁の開閉動作及び各ポンプの駆動を制御する。なお、この制御盤の動作プログラムの一例を図５及び図６に示している。図５は原液タンクのＡ原液を計量タンクで計量し、液肥作成貯留タンクに投入するまでの流れであり、図６は液肥作成貯留タンクで液肥を作成し、液肥タンクへ供給するまでの流れである。 The control panel 48 (see FIG. 2) is a device that controls the entire liquid manure preparation device 4, and based on the detection of the liquid level in each tank of each sensor of the liquid manure preparation device 4 by a predetermined operation program using a timer, Controls the opening / closing operation of each tank or each valve between the tanks and the driving of each pump. An example of the operation program for the control panel is shown in FIGS. Fig. 5 shows the flow from measuring the A stock solution in the stock solution tank in the measuring tank to putting it into the liquid fertilizer creation and storage tank. Fig. 6 shows the flow from creating the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer creation and storage tank and supplying it to the liquid fertilizer tank. is there.

液肥送給装置５は、図４に示すように、液肥作成装置４で作成された液肥を貯留する液肥貯留部６と、液肥貯留部６により貯留された液肥を圃場２（の液肥槽２２又は２３）に送給する液肥送給部７と、これら各部を制御する制御盤８と、を備える。 As shown in FIG. 4, the liquid fertilizer feeding device 5 stores the liquid fertilizer storage unit 6 that stores the liquid fertilizer created by the liquid fertilizer creation device 4, and the liquid fertilizer stored by the liquid fertilizer storage unit 6. Liquid fertilizer feeding section 7 for feeding to 23) and a control panel 8 for controlling these sections.

液肥貯留部６は、液肥作成装置４で作成、貯留された液肥を貯留するための液肥タンク６１からなる。この場合、液肥タンク６１は容積計量式のタンクで、周面上部に液肥の注入口６１１を有し、底部に液肥の排出口６１２を有し、タンク６１内に液肥の液面を検出するセンサ６２が設置される。そして、既述の液肥作成貯留タンク４４１の底部の排出口４４４から延びる配管４４５、４４７がこの液肥タンク６１に上部の注入口６１１を通して接続され、また、この液肥タンク６１の底部の排出口６１２に配管６１３が連結され、これが液肥送給部７に連結される。 The liquid fertilizer storage unit 6 includes a liquid fertilizer tank 61 for storing the liquid fertilizer created and stored by the liquid fertilizer generator 4. In this case, the liquid fertilizer tank 61 is a volumetric tank, has a liquid fertilizer inlet 611 at the top of the peripheral surface, has a liquid fertilizer outlet 612 at the bottom, and detects the liquid level of the liquid fertilizer in the tank 61. 62 is installed. Pipes 445 and 447 extending from the discharge outlet 444 at the bottom of the liquid fertilizer production and storage tank 441 described above are connected to the liquid fertilizer tank 61 through the upper inlet 611, and to the discharge outlet 612 at the bottom of the liquid fertilizer tank 61. The pipe 613 is connected, and this is connected to the liquid fertilizer feeding unit 7.

液肥送給部７は、液肥を貯留するタンク７０１と、タンク７０１内の液肥を送り出す送出口となる配管７０２と、タンク７０１に液肥を送り入れるための３つのポンプ７０３、７０４、７０５と、これらのポンプ７０３、７０４、７０５とタンク７０１とを連結する配管系とを有し、これらがボックス７１内に組み立てられて、液肥を給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３へ送る液肥送出機能部７２、排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２から液肥を排出する液肥排出機能部７３、給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３の液肥を循環する液肥循環機能部７４などを有する液肥の供給管理装置として構成される（以下、この液肥送給部７を液肥送給ユニットという。）。この場合、タンク７０１は所定量の液肥を貯留可能で、ボックス７１の上部に設置される。なお、このタンク７０１は、液肥を液肥槽２２又は２３に送る場合に、液肥の供給量の関係で、液肥が液肥槽２２又は２３から溢れることがないように、液肥を一時貯留するために用いられる。このタンク７０１の底部に配管７０２が連結され、これがボックス７１の一側面から外部に取り出されて、この配管７０２の外部端に３方向切替弁７０６が取り付けられる。この切替弁７０６に２本の配管７０７、７０８が連結され、これらの配管７０７、７０８がそれぞれ各液肥槽２２、２３の奥側端の底部に連結される（図１参照）。また、このタンク７０１の周面上部に３つの連結口７０９、７１０、７１１が設けられて、これらの連結口７０９、７１０、７１１がボックス７１の他側面から外部に突出される。３つのポンプ７０３、７０４、７０５はボックス７１の下部に並列に設置されて、それぞれの吐出口に開閉弁を介して配管７１２、７１３、７１４が連結され、これらの配管７１２、７１３、７１４がボックス７１上部のタンク７０１の各連結口７０９、７１０、７１１に連結され、それぞれの吸込口はボックス７１の一側面の外部に並列に配置される。そして、一つのポンプ７０３の吸込口に配管６１３が連結され、この配管６１３が既述の液肥タンク６１の底部の排出口６１２に連結されて、これが液肥を給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３へ送る液肥送出機能部７２として構成される。また、他の二つのポンプ７０４、７０５の吸込口にそれぞれ配管７１５、７１６が連結され、これらの配管７１５、７１６が各液肥槽２２、２３の手前側端の底部に連結されて、これが排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２から液肥を排出する液肥排出機能部７３、及び給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３の液肥を循環する液肥循環機能部７４として構成される。 The liquid fertilizer feeding unit 7 includes a tank 701 that stores liquid fertilizer, a pipe 702 that serves as a delivery outlet for sending the liquid fertilizer in the tank 701, three pumps 703, 704, and 705 for feeding the liquid fertilizer into the tank 701, Liquid fertilizer delivery function section 72 that has a piping system for connecting the pumps 703, 704, 705 and the tank 701, these are assembled in the box 71, and sends the liquid manure to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the supply side, It is configured as a liquid fertilizer supply management device having a liquid fertilizer discharge function part 73 for discharging liquid fertilizer from the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the drainage side, a liquid fertilizer circulation function part 74 for circulating the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the supply side, etc. (Hereinafter, this liquid manure feeding unit 7 is referred to as a liquid manure feeding unit.) In this case, the tank 701 can store a predetermined amount of liquid fertilizer and is installed on the top of the box 71. The tank 701 is used to temporarily store liquid fertilizer so that the liquid fertilizer does not overflow from the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 due to the supply amount of the liquid fertilizer when the liquid fertilizer is sent to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23. It is done. A pipe 702 is connected to the bottom of the tank 701, which is taken out from one side of the box 71, and a three-way switching valve 706 is attached to the outer end of the pipe 702. Two pipes 707 and 708 are connected to the switching valve 706, and these pipes 707 and 708 are connected to the bottoms of the rear ends of the liquid fertilizer tanks 22 and 23, respectively (see FIG. 1). In addition, three connection ports 709, 710, 711 are provided at the upper peripheral surface of the tank 701, and these connection ports 709, 710, 711 protrude outside from the other side surface of the box 71. Three pumps 703, 704, and 705 are installed in parallel at the lower portion of the box 71. Pipes 712, 713, and 714 are connected to the respective discharge ports via opening / closing valves, and these pipes 712, 713, and 714 are connected to the box. The upper tank 71 is connected to the connection ports 709, 710, and 711 of the tank 701, and the suction ports are arranged in parallel outside the one side surface of the box 71. Then, a pipe 613 is connected to the suction port of one pump 703, and this pipe 613 is connected to the discharge port 612 at the bottom of the liquid fertilizer tank 61 described above, which transfers the liquid fertilizer to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the supply side. The liquid fertilizer delivery function unit 72 is configured to be sent. Further, pipes 715 and 716 are connected to the suction ports of the other two pumps 704 and 705, respectively, and these pipes 715 and 716 are connected to the bottoms of the front side ends of the liquid fertilizer tanks 22 and 23, respectively. The liquid fertilizer discharge function part 73 discharges the liquid fertilizer from the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the side, and the liquid fertilizer circulation function part 74 that circulates the liquid fertilizer of the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side.

制御盤８（図４参照）は、液肥送給装置５全体をコントロールする装置で、タイマを用いた所定の動作プログラムにより、各部のセンサの感知に基づいて、各部の弁の開閉動作及びポンプの駆動を制御する。なお、図７はこの制御盤８の動作プログラムの一例で、液肥送給ユニットの運転（排液、給液、循環、休止）のサイクルの流れを示している。 The control panel 8 (see FIG. 4) is a device that controls the entire liquid fertilizer feeding device 5, and based on the detection of the sensors of each part by a predetermined operation program using a timer, the valve opening / closing operation of each part and the pump Control the drive. FIG. 7 shows an example of the operation program of the control panel 8 and shows the flow of the operation (drainage, liquid supply, circulation, pause) of the liquid manure feeding unit.

養液栽培装置１はこのような構成を備え、図１に例示するように、圃場２への据え付けに当たり、高さが異なる圃場２ごとに栽培ベッド２１が設置されて栽培ベッド２１の両側に液肥槽２２、２３が取り付けられるとともに栽培ベッド２１の天面に給液マット２４が敷設され、そして、高さが異なる圃場２ごとに当該圃場２の広さに応じて１機又は複数機の液肥送給装置５が設置され、複数の圃場２ごとに当該各圃場２共通の液肥作成源として１機又は（液肥送給装置５よりも少ない数の）複数機の液肥作成装置４が設置され、液肥送給装置５と液肥作成装置４との間が配管系により接続される。図１では、高さが異なる全３箇所の圃場２を例示し、これら３箇所の圃場２にそれぞれ、栽培ベッド２１が設置されて栽培ベッド２１の両側に液肥槽２２、２３が取り付けられるとともに栽培ベッド２１の天面に給液マット２４が敷設され、そして、高さの異なる圃場２ごとに当該圃場２の広さに応じて液肥送給装置５が１機ずつ、合計３機設置され、これら３箇所の圃場２で共通の液肥作成装置４が１機所定の場所に設置されて、液肥作成装置４（の液肥作成貯留タンク４４１）と各液肥送給装置５（の液肥タンク６１）との間が共通の配管５１により接続される。 As illustrated in FIG. 1, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 has such a configuration, and, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a cultivation bed 21 is installed for each field 2 having different heights, and liquid fertilizer is provided on both sides of the cultivation bed 21. The tanks 22 and 23 are attached, and a liquid supply mat 24 is laid on the top surface of the cultivation bed 21, and one or a plurality of liquid fertilizer feeds according to the size of the field 2 for each field 2 having a different height. A feeder 5 is installed, and for each of the plurality of farms 2, one or a plurality of liquid fertilizer creators 4 (less in number than the liquid fertilizer feeder 5) are installed as a common source of liquid fertilizers for each farm 2. The feeding device 5 and the liquid fertilizer producing device 4 are connected by a piping system. In FIG. 1, all three farm fields 2 having different heights are illustrated. A cultivation bed 21 is installed in each of these three farm fields 2, and liquid fertilizer tanks 22 and 23 are attached to both sides of the cultivation bed 21. A liquid supply mat 24 is laid on the top surface of the bed 21, and three liquid fertilizer feeding devices 5 are installed for each field 2 having different heights, according to the size of the field 2. A common liquid fertilizer producing device 4 is installed at a predetermined place in three fields 2, and the liquid fertilizer producing device 4 (liquid fertilizer producing storage tank 441) and each liquid fertilizer feeding device 5 (liquid fertilizer tank 61) are provided. They are connected by a common pipe 51.

このようにして養液栽培装置１が複数の圃場２に亘って据え付けられ、各圃場２では、栽培ベッド２１上の給液マット２４の水平部分の上にロックウールなどの培地に野菜を植生した栽培ポットあるいは野菜が直接載せられて、この養液栽培装置１の運転により次のような毛管水耕栽培が行われる。以下、この養液栽培装置１を用いた毛管水耕栽培について図１、図３及び図４を参照しながら説明する。 Thus, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 was installed over a plurality of farm fields 2, and in each farm field 2, vegetables were planted on a medium such as rock wool on the horizontal portion of the liquid supply mat 24 on the cultivation bed 21. A cultivation pot or vegetables are directly placed, and the following hydroponics are performed by the operation of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 as follows. Hereinafter, capillary hydroponics using this hydroponic device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, and 4.

図１において、液肥作成装置４では、制御盤４８の動作プログラムに基づいて、液肥が作成、貯留される。
図３に示すように、この液肥作成装置４では、最初に、原液作成タンク４１０内で原液Ａが作成される。この場合、まず、原液作成タンク４１０内に水道設備４５の放水口４５１から水が所定量注入される。そして、この水の中に所定量の粉末肥料が投入されて、この水と粉末肥料が原液撹拌装置により撹拌される。すなわち、各３方向切替弁４２２、４２３及びポンプ４１９の制御（各３方向切替弁４２２、４２３を原液を循環する方向に切り替え、ポンプ４１９を駆動）により、原液作成タンク４１０内の水、粉末肥料が底部の排出口４１２から流出され、これが配管４１３、４２２、４２１、４１７又は４１８を通じて、周面上部又は下部の各口４１５、４１６から原液作成タンク４１０内に流入する循環運動が適宜繰り返される。このようにして水と粉末肥料が撹拌され、原液Ａが作成される。そして、各３方向切替弁４２２、４２３及びポンプ４１９の制御（各３方向切替弁４２２、４２３を原液Ａを原液貯留部４２へ送り出す方向に切り替え、ポンプ４１９を駆動）により、原液Ａが配管４１３、４１４を通じて原液貯留部４２へ送り出され、原液タンク４２Ａ内に注入されて、原液Ａが原液タンク４２Ａにストックされる。続いて、同様にして原液作成タンク４１０で原液Ｂが作成され、原液タンク４２Ｂにストックされる。なお、原液タンク４２Ｃには、既述のとおり、液肥のペーハを調整するための液肥Ｃがストックされる。
次いで、各圃場２で栽培する野菜に応じた液肥が作成される。この場合、まず、液肥作成貯留タンク４４１内に水道設備４５の放水口４５２から水が所定量注入される。一方、各原液タンク４２Ａ、４２Ｂ、４２Ｃにストックされた各原液Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃは、各計量弁４３８、各投入弁４３９及び各ポンプ４３０の制御（各計量弁４３８を開、各投入弁４３９を閉とし、各ポンプ４３０を駆動）により、各計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃに送られ、ここで容積計量される。なお、定常時、各計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃは、常に原液を計量する仕組みであり、各計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃ内で原液が蒸発などで減少した場合は、原液Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃの追加計量が行われ、各計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃに常に所定量の原液Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃが計量されるようになっている。そして、液肥作成貯留タンク４４１に所定量の水が注入され、これがセンサ４４８により感知されると、各計量タンク４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃの投入弁４３９が順次開き、各原液Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃが配管４４０を通じて液肥作成貯留タンク４４１に投入され、液肥作成貯留タンク４４１の混合ポンプ４４３により混合される。この場合、３種類の原液Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃは、まず原液Ａが投入されて混合され、続いて原液Ｂが投入されて混合され、そして原液Ｃが投入されて混合され、この順序で投入、混合される。なお、この原液Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃの投入で計量ポンプ４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃが空になると、計量ポンプ４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃでは、既述のとおり、原液Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃの計量が繰り返し行われる。このようにして液肥作成貯留タンク４４１で液肥が作成され、この作成された液肥は液肥作成貯留タンク４４１の底部の液肥の排出口４４４から送水ポンプ４４６の駆動により配管４４５、４４７を通じて圃場２の液肥タンク６１へ送り出され、液肥タンク６１内に貯留される。そして、液肥作成貯留タンク４４１では、同様にして液肥が繰り返し作成されて、各圃場２の液肥タンク６１へ送り出され、各液肥タンク６１で貯留される。また、各液肥タンク６１に一定量の液肥が貯留されている場合、つまり、満タンになると、液肥作成貯留タンク４４１内で作成された液肥は液肥作成貯留タンク４４１内に一時貯留され、各液肥タンク６１の一定量の液肥が減少するごとに各液肥タンク６１に送り出される。このように液肥作成貯留タンク４４１では液肥の作成、貯留が繰り返されて、各液肥タンク６１に流され、各液肥タンク６１では常に一定量の液肥がストックされる。 In FIG. 1, the liquid fertilizer creating device 4 creates and stores liquid fertilizer based on the operation program of the control panel 48.
As shown in FIG. 3, in this liquid fertilizer creating device 4, first, stock solution A is created in stock solution creation tank 410. In this case, first, a predetermined amount of water is injected into the stock solution preparation tank 410 from the water outlet 451 of the water supply facility 45. Then, a predetermined amount of powdered fertilizer is put into this water, and this water and the powdered fertilizer are stirred by the stock solution stirring device. That is, by controlling each three-way switching valve 422, 423 and the pump 419 (switching each three-way switching valve 422, 423 to the direction in which the stock solution is circulated and driving the pump 419), water in the stock solution preparation tank 410, powder fertilizer Is discharged from the discharge port 412 at the bottom, and this is repeated as needed through the piping 413, 422, 421, 417, or 418, and the circulation motion of flowing into the stock solution production tank 410 from the upper or lower ports 415, 416. In this way, water and powdered fertilizer are agitated, and a stock solution A is created. Then, by controlling each of the three-way switching valves 422 and 423 and the pump 419 (switching each of the three-way switching valves 422 and 423 to a direction in which the stock solution A is sent to the stock solution storage unit 42 and driving the pump 419), the stock solution A is piped 413. 414 is sent to the stock solution storage unit 42, injected into the stock solution tank 42A, and stock solution A is stocked in the stock solution tank 42A. Subsequently, the stock solution B is created in the stock solution creation tank 410 in the same manner and stocked in the stock solution tank 42B. In addition, the liquid fertilizer C for adjusting the liquid fertilizer pH is stocked in the stock solution tank 42C as described above.
Subsequently, the liquid fertilizer according to the vegetables grown in each field 2 is created. In this case, first, a predetermined amount of water is injected into the liquid fertilizer production storage tank 441 from the water outlet 452 of the water supply facility 45. On the other hand, each stock solution A, B, C stocked in each stock solution tank 42A, 42B, 42C is controlled by each metering valve 438, each input valve 439 and each pump 430 (each metering valve 438 is opened, each input valve 439 is opened). Is closed and each pump 430 is driven), and sent to each of the measuring tanks 43a, 43b, 43c, where the volume is measured. In a steady state, each of the measuring tanks 43a, 43b, 43c is a mechanism for always measuring the stock solution. When the stock solution is reduced by evaporation or the like in each of the measuring tanks 43a, 43b, 43c, the stock solutions A, B, C Thus, a predetermined amount of stock solutions A, B, and C are always weighed in the respective measuring tanks 43a, 43b, and 43c. Then, when a predetermined amount of water is injected into the liquid fertilizer production and storage tank 441 and this is detected by the sensor 448, the input valves 439 of the respective measuring tanks 43a, 43b, 43c are sequentially opened, and the respective stock solutions A, B, C are piped. The liquid fertilizer production and storage tank 441 is supplied through 440 and mixed by the mixing pump 443 of the liquid fertilizer production and storage tank 441. In this case, the three types of stock solutions A, B, and C are first introduced and mixed with the stock solution A, then the stock solution B is introduced and mixed, and the stock solution C is introduced and mixed. Mixed. When the metering pumps 43a, 43b, and 43c are emptied by adding the stock solutions A, B, and C, the metering pumps 43a, 43b, and 43c repeatedly measure the stock solutions A, B, and C as described above. . In this way, the liquid fertilizer is created in the liquid fertilizer creation and storage tank 441, and this created liquid fertilizer is driven from the liquid fertilizer discharge port 444 at the bottom of the liquid fertilizer creation and storage tank 441 through the pipes 445 and 447 by driving the water pump 446. It is sent out to the tank 61 and stored in the liquid fertilizer tank 61. In the liquid fertilizer creation and storage tank 441, liquid fertilizer is repeatedly created in the same manner, sent to the liquid fertilizer tank 61 of each field 2, and stored in each liquid fertilizer tank 61. Further, when a certain amount of liquid fertilizer is stored in each liquid fertilizer tank 61, that is, when the tank is full, the liquid fertilizer created in the liquid fertilizer creation storage tank 441 is temporarily stored in the liquid fertilizer creation storage tank 441, and each liquid fertilizer is stored. Every time a certain amount of liquid fertilizer in the tank 61 decreases, the liquid fertilizer tank 61 is sent out. In this manner, the liquid fertilizer creation and storage tank 441 repeats the creation and storage of liquid fertilizer and flows into each liquid fertilizer tank 61, and a constant amount of liquid fertilizer is always stocked in each liquid fertilizer tank 61.

図１において、各圃場２では、既述のとおり、栽培ベッド２１上の給液マット２４の水平部分の上にロックウールなどの培地に野菜を植生した栽培ポットあるいは野菜が直接載せられて、各液肥送給ユニット７が制御盤８の動作プログラムに基づいて運転され、排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２から液肥を排出する排液運転、液肥を給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３へ供給する給液運転、給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３で液肥を循環する循環運転、運転休止が順次行われて、給液マット２４を通して給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３から排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２に向かって、液肥が絶えず移動し続けられ、野菜の根系に液肥を供給しながら野菜を栽培する。
まず、排液運転では、各液肥送給ユニット７のポンプ７０４又は７０５（図４参照）が駆動され、排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２が排出される。なお、スタート時の運転では、排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２は空で、これが水位センサ（下限センサ）により感知されるので、排液は行われず、すぐに次の給液（運転）に移行する。また、スタート時の運転（排液→給液→循環→休止）の１サイクルが終了した後の通常の運転（排液→給液→循環→休止）に入ると、この液肥槽２３又は２２から排出された液肥はタンク７０１に戻され、このタンク７０１を通じて、給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３に送られることになる。この排液の流れについては後述する排液運転の説明の中であらためて説明することにする。
続く給液運転では、各液肥送給ユニット７のポンプ７０３（図４参照）が駆動され、各液肥タンク６１から液肥がタンク７０１へ導入される。このとき、タンク７０１の底部側の３方向切替弁７０６は（制御盤８のコントロールにより）給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３側に切り替えられており、液肥はタンク７０１に送られると同時にこの３方向切替弁７０６を通じて自然落下され、栽培ベッド２１の給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３へ送られる。この給液は給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３の水位センサ（上限センサ）に感知されるまで行われる。この給液運転により、給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３と排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２との間に、一定の水位差が生じ、各圃場２では、既述のとおり、給液マット２４が栽培ベッド２１の上に置かれ、その両側が２つの液肥槽２２、２３に垂らされて、給液マット２４の片側一方が液肥に浸漬されるので、水の毛細管現象によって、液肥は給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３から給液マット２４によって栽培ベッド２１上を移動して、給液マット２４の片側他方から垂下されて排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２に溜められる。このようにして栽培ベッド２１上の給液マット２４を通して給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３から排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２に向けて、一定速度の液肥の流れが生じ、給液マット２４上の野菜の根系に液肥を供給する。
続いて、循環運転では、各液肥送給ユニット７のポンプ７０５又は７０４が駆動され、給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３の液肥が排出されて、各液肥送給ユニット７のタンク７０１に戻され、液肥は同様にタンク７０１から３方向切替弁７０６を通じて自然落下されて、栽培ベッド２１の給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３へ送られ、液肥が循環される。
そして、この液肥の循環運転後、所定の時間まで、運転が休止される（休止）。
このようにして給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３と排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２との間には、常に一定の水位差が生じ、これにより、給液マット２４上に給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３から排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２に向けて常に一定速度の液肥の流れが生じる。
この運転が所定時間休止された後、各液肥送給ユニット７の運転が開始される。この場合、各液肥送給ユニット７の動作が反転され、給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３と排液側の液肥槽２３又は２２が反対になって、栽培ベッド２４上の液肥の流れが反転される。
すなわち、反転後の排液運転では、各液肥送給ユニット７のポンプ７０５又は７０４（図４参照）が駆動され、排液側となる液肥槽２２又は２３から液肥が排出される。排液側になる液肥槽２２又は２３は、それまでの給液により液肥が水位センサ（下限センサ）のレベル以上に溜まっており、この液肥が下限センサに感知されるまで排出され（排液運転）、タンク７０１に戻されて、このタンク７０１を通じて、給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２に送られる。これにより、液肥が回収、再利用される。
続く給液運転では、給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２の液肥が不足する場合に、各液肥送給ユニット７のポンプ７０３（図４参照）が駆動され、各液肥タンク６１から液肥がタンク７０１へ導入される。すなわち、前段の排液運転で排液側となる液肥槽２２又は２３の液肥が野菜による液肥の吸収などによって減少し、給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２で液肥（回収、再利用される液肥）の水位が水位センサ（上限センサ）に感知されるレベルに達していない場合に、液肥送給ユニット７のポンプ７０３（図４参照）が駆動され、各液肥タンク６１から新たな液肥がタンク７０１へ導入され、この新たな液肥がタンク７０１から３方向切替弁７０６を通じて自然落下されて、給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２へ送られ、給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２の水位センサ（上限センサ）に感知されるレベルまで、補給される。
続いて、循環運転では、各液肥送給ユニット７のポンプ７０４又は７０５が駆動され、給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２の液肥が排出されて、各液肥送給ユニット７のタンク７０１に戻され、この液肥がタンク７０１から３方向切替弁７０６を通じて自然落下され、給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２へ送られて、液肥が循環される。
そして、この液肥の循環運転後、所定の時間まで、運転が休止される（休止）。
このようにして給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２と排液側の液肥槽２２又は２３との間には、常に一定の水位差が生じ、これにより、給液マット２４上に給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２から排液側の液肥槽２２又は２３に向けて常に一定速度の液肥の流れが生じる。
以降、各液肥送給ユニット７の動作（反転後の排液、給液、循環、休止）が交互に反転され、給液側の液肥槽２３又は２２と排液側の液肥槽２２又は２３が交互に反対になって、排液、給液、循環、休止のサイクルが繰り返し行われ、栽培ベッド２４上の液肥の流れが交互に反転される。このようにして一方の液肥槽２２又は２３と他方の液肥槽２３又は２２の水位差はほぼ一定に保たれ、給液側の液肥槽２２又は２３の液肥の濃度や組成が均一な状態に保たれて、最適な状態の液肥が栽培ベッド２４全体に常に一定の速度で流される。 In FIG. 1, in each field 2, as described above, cultivation pots or vegetables in which vegetables are vegetated on a medium such as rock wool are directly placed on the horizontal portion of the liquid supply mat 24 on the cultivation bed 21. The liquid fertilizer feeding unit 7 is operated based on the operation program of the control panel 8 to discharge the liquid manure from the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the drain side, and supply the liquid fertilizer to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side. A liquid supply operation, a circulation operation for circulating liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side, and an operation stop are sequentially performed, and the liquid fertilizer tank on the drain side from the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side through the liquid supply mat 24 The liquid fertilizer continues to move toward 23 or 22, and the vegetable is cultivated while supplying the liquid fertilizer to the vegetable root system.
First, in the drainage operation, the pump 704 or 705 (see FIG. 4) of each liquid manure feeding unit 7 is driven, and the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the drain side is discharged. In the operation at the start, the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the drain side is empty, and this is detected by the water level sensor (lower limit sensor). Therefore, no drainage is performed, and the next liquid supply (operation) is immediately performed. Transition. In addition, when the normal operation (drainage → liquid supply → circulation → pause) after one cycle of the operation at the start (drainage → liquid supply → circulation → pause) is completed, the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 starts. The discharged liquid fertilizer is returned to the tank 701 and sent to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the supply side through the tank 701. The flow of the drainage will be described again in the explanation of the drainage operation described later.
In the subsequent liquid supply operation, the pump 703 (see FIG. 4) of each liquid fertilizer feeding unit 7 is driven, and liquid fertilizer is introduced from each liquid fertilizer tank 61 into the tank 701. At this time, the three-way switching valve 706 on the bottom side of the tank 701 is switched to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 side on the liquid supply side (by the control of the control panel 8). It is naturally dropped through the direction switching valve 706 and sent to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side of the cultivation bed 21. This liquid supply is performed until it is detected by the water level sensor (upper limit sensor) of the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side. As a result of this liquid supply operation, a certain water level difference occurs between the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side and the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the drain side. 24 is placed on the cultivation bed 21, both sides are hung by two liquid fertilizer tanks 22 and 23, and one side of the liquid supply mat 24 is immersed in the liquid fertilizer. It moves on the cultivation bed 21 from the liquid-side liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 by the liquid-feeding mat 24, hangs down from one side of the liquid-feeding mat 24, and is stored in the liquid-side liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22. In this way, a liquid fertilizer flow at a constant speed occurs from the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the supply side to the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the drain side through the liquid supply mat 24 on the cultivation bed 21. Supply liquid fertilizer to the vegetable root system above.
Subsequently, in the circulation operation, the pump 705 or 704 of each liquid manure feeding unit 7 is driven, the liquid manure in the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid feeding side is discharged, and returned to the tank 701 of each liquid manure feeding unit 7. Similarly, the liquid fertilizer is naturally dropped from the tank 701 through the three-way switching valve 706 and sent to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side of the cultivation bed 21, and the liquid fertilizer is circulated.
Then, after the liquid manure circulation operation, the operation is suspended until a predetermined time (pause).
In this way, a constant water level difference is always generated between the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side and the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the drain side. A flow of liquid fertilizer at a constant speed always occurs from the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 toward the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the drainage side.
After this operation is suspended for a predetermined time, the operation of each liquid fertilizer feeding unit 7 is started. In this case, the operation of each liquid fertilizer feeding unit 7 is reversed, the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the liquid supply side and the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the drain side are reversed, and the flow of liquid fertilizer on the cultivation bed 24 is reversed. Is done.
That is, in the drainage operation after reversal, the pump 705 or 704 (see FIG. 4) of each liquid manure feeding unit 7 is driven, and the liquid manure is discharged from the liquid manure tank 22 or 23 on the drain side. In the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the drain side, the liquid fertilizer has accumulated above the level of the water level sensor (lower limit sensor) by the previous liquid supply, and is discharged until this liquid fertilizer is detected by the lower limit sensor (drainage operation) ), Returned to the tank 701, and sent to the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 through the tank 701. Thereby, liquid fertilizer is collect | recovered and reused.
In the subsequent liquid supply operation, when the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the liquid supply side is insufficient, the pump 703 (see FIG. 4) of each liquid fertilizer feeding unit 7 is driven, and the liquid fertilizer is supplied from each liquid fertilizer tank 61 to the tank 701. To be introduced. That is, the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the drainage side in the drainage operation in the previous stage is reduced by absorption of the liquid fertilizer by the vegetables, etc., and the liquid fertilizer (collected and reused in the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the liquid supply side) ) Does not reach the level sensed by the water level sensor (upper limit sensor), the pump 703 (see FIG. 4) of the liquid manure feeding unit 7 is driven, and new liquid manure is supplied from each liquid manure tank 61 to the tank 701. The new liquid fertilizer is naturally dropped from the tank 701 through the three-way switching valve 706 and sent to the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the supply side, and the water level sensor (upper limit) of the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the supply side It is replenished to a level sensed by the sensor.
Subsequently, in the circulation operation, the pump 704 or 705 of each liquid manure feeding unit 7 is driven, the liquid manure of the liquid manure tank 23 or 22 on the liquid feeding side is discharged, and returned to the tank 701 of each liquid manure feeding unit 7. The liquid fertilizer is naturally dropped from the tank 701 through the three-way switching valve 706 and sent to the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the supply side, and the liquid fertilizer is circulated.
Then, after the liquid manure circulation operation, the operation is suspended until a predetermined time (pause).
In this way, a constant water level difference is always generated between the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the supply side and the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the drain side. A flow of liquid fertilizer at a constant speed always occurs from the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 toward the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the drainage side.
Thereafter, the operation of each liquid manure feeding unit 7 (drainage after reversal, liquid supply, circulation, pause) is alternately reversed, so that the liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 on the liquid supply side and the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the drainage side The cycle of drainage, liquid supply, circulation, and pause is repeated alternately and the flow of liquid fertilizer on the cultivation bed 24 is alternately reversed. In this way, the water level difference between one liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 and the other liquid fertilizer tank 23 or 22 is kept substantially constant, and the concentration and composition of the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 on the supply side are kept uniform. As a result, the liquid fertilizer in an optimal state is always flowed at a constant speed throughout the cultivation bed 24.

以上説明したように、この養液栽培装置１では、特に、液肥装置３を、液肥を作成する液肥作成装置４と、液肥作成装置４により作成された液肥を圃場２の液肥槽２２又は２３に送給する液肥送給装置５とに分割し、高さが異なる圃場２ごとに当該圃場２の広さに応じて１機又は複数機の液肥送給装置５を設置し、複数の圃場２ごとに当該各圃場２に共通の液肥作成源として１機又は（液肥送給装置５よりも少ない）複数機の液肥作成装置４を設置して、これら液肥送給装置５と液肥作成装置４を配管系により接続するので、この場合、液肥作成装置４を３つの圃場２全体で１機の簡単な装置構成にして、液肥作成装置４の数を可及的に少なくすることができる。したがって、液肥装置３の部品点数及びその組み立て工数を削減し、さらに液肥装置３（特に液肥作成装置４）の圃場への設置工数を軽減して、装置１全体の製造及び設置に要するコストの低減を図ることができ、農業分野で適用し得るコストを実現することができる。また、３つの圃場２に共通の液肥作成装置４で液肥を作成し、当該各圃場２の各液肥送給装置５を介して液肥槽２２又は２３に送給するので、各圃場２ごとに液肥を作成することを不要として、作業効率の大幅な向上を図ることができる。さらに、１機又は複数機の液肥送給装置５と、１機又は（液肥送給装置５よりも少ない）複数機の液肥作成装置４の様々な組み合わせが可能で、高さの異なる地盤に設置された圃場や作物栽培工場の多段式ブロックなど、高さの異なる各種の圃場で毛管水耕栽培を効率良く行うことができる。 As explained above, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1, in particular, the liquid fertilizer apparatus 3, the liquid fertilizer creation apparatus 4 that creates liquid fertilizer, and the liquid fertilizer created by the liquid fertilizer creation apparatus 4 are applied to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 of the field 2. The liquid fertilizer feeding device 5 is divided into the feeders 5 to be fed, and one or a plurality of liquid fertilizer feeding devices 5 are installed for each field 2 having different heights according to the width of the field 2, In addition, one or a plurality of liquid fertilizer producing devices 4 (less than the liquid fertilizer feeding device 5) are installed as a liquid fertilizer producing source common to the respective fields 2, and the liquid fertilizer feeding device 5 and the liquid fertilizer creating device 4 are piped. In this case, the liquid fertilizer producing device 4 can be reduced to the smallest possible number of liquid fertilizer producing devices 4 by connecting the liquid fertilizer producing device 4 to one simple device configuration for the entire three fields 2. Therefore, the number of parts of the liquid manure apparatus 3 and its assembly man-hours are reduced, and further, the man-hours for installing the liquid fertilizer apparatus 3 (particularly the liquid fertilizer producing apparatus 4) on the field are reduced, thereby reducing the cost required for manufacturing and installing the entire apparatus 1. The cost which can be applied in the agricultural field can be realized. Moreover, since liquid fertilizer is created with the liquid fertilizer production apparatus 4 common to the three fields 2, and it sends to the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23 via each liquid fertilizer feeding apparatus 5 of the said each field 2, liquid fertilizer for every each field 2 This eliminates the need to create the system, and can greatly improve work efficiency. Furthermore, various combinations of one or more liquid fertilizer feeders 5 and one or multiple liquid fertilizer generators 4 (less than liquid fertilizer feeders 5) are possible and installed on different heights. Capillary hydroponics can be efficiently performed in various fields with different heights, such as a farm field and a multistage block of a crop cultivation factory.

また、この養液栽培装置１では、液肥作成装置４を、液肥を作るための原液を作成する原液作成部４１と、原液作成部４１により作成された原液を貯留する原液貯留部４２と、原液を計量するための原液計量部４３と、原液貯留部４２に貯留された原液から液肥を作成し貯留する液肥作成部４４と、これら各部を接続する複数の配管及び各種の弁、ポンプ及びセンサとにより構成し、各部の各種の弁、ポンプ及びセンサを制御盤４８のタイマを用いた動作プログラムにより制御して自動運転するので、栽培に使用する液肥を精度よく作成することができる。特に、この液肥作成装置４の場合、原液をメスシリンダーやメスフラスコなどを用いて容積計量し、液肥作成貯留タンク４４１に投入して水と混合させるので、原液の計量（値）を高価な流量センサなどを用いることなしに、液肥の一定の濃度を精度よく正確に出すことができ、流量センサなどを使用しない分だけコストを大幅に削減することができる。また、この場合、原液の計量と投入の各動作を連続して行わず、原液が投入された後、計量タンクが空になってから、次の計量を行い、常に原液が計量された状態になっているので、液肥作成貯留タンク４４１で原水が容積計量された後、計量タンク４２ａ、４２ｂ、４２ｃから原液を投入するだけで、簡単かつ短時間に精度のよい液肥を作成することができる。 Moreover, in this nutrient solution cultivation apparatus 1, liquid fertilizer creation apparatus 4 is made up of stock solution creation unit 41 that creates stock solution for making liquid fertilizer, stock solution storage unit 42 that stores the stock solution created by stock solution creation unit 41, and stock solution A liquid fertilizer preparation section 44 for preparing and storing liquid fertilizer from the stock liquid stored in the stock liquid storage section 42, a plurality of pipes and various valves, pumps and sensors for connecting these sections, Since the various valves, pumps, and sensors of each part are controlled by an operation program using a timer of the control panel 48 and automatically operated, liquid fertilizer used for cultivation can be created with high accuracy. In particular, in the case of the liquid fertilizer preparation device 4, the stock solution is volume-measured using a graduated cylinder, a measuring flask, etc., and is poured into the liquid fertilizer preparation storage tank 441 to be mixed with water. Without using a sensor or the like, a constant concentration of liquid manure can be obtained accurately and accurately, and the cost can be greatly reduced by the amount not using a flow sensor or the like. Also, in this case, do not continuously measure and charge the stock solution, and after the stock solution is put in, the weighing tank is emptied and then the next measurement is performed, so that the stock solution is always measured. Therefore, after the raw water is volume-measured in the liquid fertilizer creation and storage tank 441, the liquid fertilizer can be created easily and accurately in a short time simply by introducing the stock solution from the metering tanks 42a, 42b and 42c.

さらに、この養液栽培装置１では、液肥送給装置５を、液肥を貯留する液肥貯留部６と、液肥貯留部６により貯留された液肥を圃場２（の液肥槽２２又は２３）に送給する液肥送給部７と、各部の各種の弁、ポンプ、及びセンサとにより構成し、各部の各種の弁、ポンプ及びセンサを制御盤８のタイマを用いた動作プログラムにより制御して、液肥の排液、供給（補給）、循環、休止のサイクルで自動運転するので、野菜に液肥の養分を与える量や濃度を均一化して、液肥の効率的な施用を可能とし、また、液肥槽２２又は２３内の液肥を定期的に撹拌したり給液マット２４上の液肥の流れを定期的に反転させたりすることによって、給液マット２４上の液肥の状態の均一性を高めることができ、したがって、水の毛細管現象を利用した養液栽培装置を用いた栽培での、作物の生育の揃いを良好にすることができる。 Furthermore, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1, the liquid fertilizer feeding apparatus 5 supplies the liquid fertilizer storage part 6 which stores liquid fertilizer, and the liquid fertilizer stored by the liquid fertilizer storage part 6 to the field 2 (the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or 23). Liquid fertilizer feeding section 7 and various valves, pumps, and sensors of each section. Various valves, pumps, and sensors of each section are controlled by an operation program using a timer of control panel 8 to Since it is automatically operated in the cycle of drainage, supply (replenishment), circulation, and pause, the amount and concentration to give the nutrients of liquid fertilizer to the vegetables are made uniform, and the liquid fertilizer tank 22 or The liquid fertilizer in the liquid feed mat 24 can be improved in uniformity by periodically agitating the liquid fertilizer in the liquid feed 23 and periodically reversing the flow of the liquid fertilizer on the liquid feed mat 24. , Nutrient solution using capillary action of water Of cultivation using the culture device, the matching crop growth can be improved.

そして、この養液栽培装置１では、液肥作成装置４により、栽培に使用する液肥を精度よく作成することができ、液肥送給装置５により、この液肥を排液、供給、循環、休止のサイクルで圃場２の栽培物に供給することができるなど、すべての作業を自動化することができ、さらに、１機又は複数機の液肥送給装置５と１機又は（液肥送給装置５よりも少ない）複数機の液肥作成装置４の様々な組み合わせにより、異なる高さの圃場２に効率的に適用することができるので、養液栽培経験が少ない農業従事者、農業への新規参入者、農業に精通していない者などでも、特許文献２の発明に基づく毛管水耕栽培の実用化を図ることができる。 And in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1, the liquid fertilizer used for cultivation can be produced with high precision by the liquid fertilizer production apparatus 4, and this liquid fertilizer is drained, supplied, circulated and paused by the liquid fertilizer feeding apparatus 5. It is possible to automate all operations, such as being able to supply the cultivated product in the field 2 with one or more liquid fertilizer feeding devices 5 and one or (less than the liquid fertilizer feeding device 5 ) Because it can be efficiently applied to different field heights 2 by various combinations of the liquid fertilizer production device 4 of multiple machines, it is useful for agriculture workers, new entrants to agriculture, agriculture Even those who are not well-versed can achieve practical use of capillary hydroponics based on the invention of Patent Document 2.

そしてさらに、この養液栽培装置１では、複数の液肥作成装置４と複数の液肥送給装置５の多様な組み合わせが可能で、例えば、液肥成分の異なる液肥を作成する複数の液肥作成装置と、複数の液肥送給装置とを組み合わせることで、多種類の野菜を同一の圃場で栽培することができる、という利点もある。 And furthermore, in this nutrient solution cultivation apparatus 1, various combinations of a plurality of liquid fertilizer creation devices 4 and a plurality of liquid fertilizer feeding devices 5 are possible, for example, a plurality of liquid fertilizer creation devices that create liquid fertilizers having different liquid fertilizer components, By combining with a plurality of liquid fertilizer feeding devices, there is also an advantage that many kinds of vegetables can be cultivated in the same field.

１養液栽培装置
２圃場
２１栽培ベッド
２２、２３液肥槽
２４給液マット
３液肥装置
４液肥作成装置
４１原液作成部
４１０原液作成タンク
４１１水の注入口
４１２原液の排出口
４１３、４１４配管
４１５、４１６口
４１７、４１８配管
４１９ポンプ
４２０、４２１配管
４２２、４２３３方向切替弁
４２原液貯留部
４２Ａ、４２Ｂ、４２Ｃ原液タンク
４２６原液の注入口
４２７原液の排出口
４２８３方向切替弁
４２９配管
４３０ポンプ
４３１配管
４３原液計量部
４３ａ、４３ｂ、４３ｃ計量タンク
４３６原液の流入口
４３７原液の流出口
４３８計量弁
４３９投入弁
４４０配管
４４液肥作成部
４４１液肥作成貯留タンク
４４２水の注入口
４４３混合ポンプ
４４４液肥の排出口
４４５配管
４４６送水ポンプ
４４７配管
４４８センサ
４５水道設備
４５１放水口
４５２放水口
４６センサ
４７表示板
４８制御盤
５液肥送給装置
５１共通の配管
６液肥貯留部
６１液肥タンク
６１１液肥の注入口
６１２液肥の排出口
６１３配管
６２センサ
７液肥送給部（液肥送給ユニット）
７１ボックス
７２液肥送出機能部
７３液肥排出機能部
７４液肥循環機能部
７０１タンク
７０２配管
７０３、７０４、７０５ポンプ
７０６３方向切替弁
７０７、７０８配管
７０９、７１０、７１１連結口
７１２、７１３、７１４配管
７１５、７１６配管
８制御盤 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydroponic cultivation apparatus 2 Farm 21 Cultivation bed 22, 23 Liquid fertilizer tank 24 Feeding mat 3 Liquid fertilizer apparatus 4 Liquid fertilizer creation apparatus 41 Stock solution creation part 410 Stock solution creation tank 411 Water inlet 412 Stock solution discharge port 413, 414 Piping 415, 416 port 417, 418 piping 419 pump 420, 421 piping 422, 423 three-way switching valve 42 stock solution reservoir 42A, 42B, 42C stock solution tank 426 stock solution inlet 427 stock solution discharge port 428 three-way switching valve 429 piping 430 pump 431 Piping 43 Stock solution metering unit 43a, 43b, 43c Metering tank 436 Stock solution inlet 437 Stock solution outlet 438 Metering valve 439 Input valve 440 Piping 44 Liquid fertilizer creation unit 441 Liquid fertilizer creation storage tank 442 Water inlet 443 Mixing pump 444 Liquid fertilizer Discharge port 445 Piping 446 Water supply pump 447 Piping 448 Sensor 45 Water supply equipment 451 Water outlet 452 Water outlet 46 Sensor 47 Display board 48 Control panel 5 Liquid fertilizer feeder 51 Common pipe 6 Liquid fertilizer reservoir 61 Liquid fertilizer tank 611 Liquid fertilizer inlet 612 Liquid fertilizer outlet 613 Piping 62 Sensor 7 Liquid fertilizer feeding unit (liquid fertilizer feeding unit)
71 Box 72 Liquid fertilizer delivery function section 73 Liquid fertilizer discharge function section 74 Liquid fertilizer circulation function section 701 Tank 702 Piping 703, 704, 705 Pump 706 Three-way switching valve 707, 708 Piping 709, 710, 711 Connecting port 712, 713, 714 Piping 715 , 716 Piping 8 Control panel

Claims

A pair of liquid fertilizer tanks for storing liquid fertilizer to be supplied to a plant body, a field having a liquid feed mat for pumping the liquid fertilizer stored in the liquid fertilizer tank by capillary action, and a liquid fertilizer device for supplying liquid fertilizer to the liquid fertilizer tank, Arranging at least one row of plants on the liquid supply mat in the field, installing each liquid fertilizer tank on both sides of the row of the plant, and passing the liquid fertilizer from the one liquid fertilizer tank through the liquid supply mat In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus that supplies liquid fertilizer from the liquid supply mat to the root system of the plant body by moving to the other liquid fertilizer tank,
The liquid fertilizer device
A liquid fertilizer creating device for creating the liquid fertilizer;
Liquid fertilizer feeding device for feeding the liquid fertilizer created by the liquid fertilizer creating device to the liquid fertilizer tank,
With
The liquid fertilizer producing device and the liquid fertilizer feeding device are configured separately and independently,
One or more liquid fertilizer feeders are installed for each field with different heights, depending on the size of the field,
One or more liquid fertilizer production devices are installed as a common liquid fertilizer production source for each of the fields.
The liquid fertilizer feeding device and the liquid fertilizer making device are connected by a piping system,
Hydroponic device characterized by that.

The liquid fertilizer producing device according to claim 1, comprising means for creating a stock solution for producing liquid fertilizer, means for storing the stock solution, and means for creating liquid fertilizer from the stock solution.

3. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the liquid fertilizer producing apparatus further includes volumetric measuring means for measuring the stock solution.

The liquid fertilizer feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the liquid fertilizer feeding device includes means for alternately changing a water level of each liquid fertilizer tank while giving a water level difference to the liquid fertilizer in each liquid fertilizer tank.

The liquid fertilizer feeding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the liquid fertilizer feeding apparatus also has means for stirring the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer tank.