JP2011146133A - Head lamp for vehicle - Google Patents

Head lamp for vehicle Download PDF

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JP2011146133A
JP2011146133A JP2010003564A JP2010003564A JP2011146133A JP 2011146133 A JP2011146133 A JP 2011146133A JP 2010003564 A JP2010003564 A JP 2010003564A JP 2010003564 A JP2010003564 A JP 2010003564A JP 2011146133 A JP2011146133 A JP 2011146133A
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Prior art keywords
reflector
end opening
light
projection lens
edge
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JP2010003564A
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JP5442463B2 (en
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Takayuki Yagi
隆之 八木
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Koito Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Koito Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2010003564A priority Critical patent/JP5442463B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2011/050116 priority patent/WO2011086969A1/en
Priority to EP11732839.3A priority patent/EP2525141B1/en
Priority to CN201180005941.9A priority patent/CN102713420B/en
Publication of JP2011146133A publication Critical patent/JP2011146133A/en
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Publication of JP5442463B2 publication Critical patent/JP5442463B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/041—Optical design with conical or pyramidal surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F21S41/143—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being parallel to the optical axis of the illuminating device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/323—Optical layout thereof the reflector having two perpendicular cross sections having regular geometrical curves of a distinct nature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
    • F21S41/334—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors
    • F21S41/336—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/40—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
    • F21S41/43—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades characterised by the shape thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/26—Elongated lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/06—Optical design with parabolic curvature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small head lamp for a vehicle providing a light distribution suitable for frontward lighting of a vehicle. <P>SOLUTION: The head lamp includes a reflector 2 of pyramid tube type whose front end opening 21 is larger than a rear end opening 22, an LED1 arranged at the rear end opening 22 of the reflector 2, and a projection lens 3 arranged to face the front end opening 21 of the reflector 2. The reflector 2 includes upper, lower, left, and right reflecting surfaces 2r, 2d, 2l, and 2r each having a parabolic shape with LED1 as a focal point. The projection angle of the light emitted from the reflector 2 is larger in lateral direction than in vertical direction. The front end edge of the lower reflecting surface 2d has such shape as corresponds to cutoff line of low beam distribution. The upper reflecting surface 2u has preferably a cut 23 from the front end edge toward rear side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は自動車等の車両の前照灯に関し、特にＬＥＤ（発光ダイオード）等の半導体発光素子を光源に用いたヘッドランプ（前照灯）に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a headlamp for a vehicle such as an automobile, and more particularly to a headlamp using a semiconductor light emitting element such as an LED (light emitting diode) as a light source.

ＬＥＤ等の半導体発光素子を光源に用いた自動車のヘッドランプとして既に種々のものが提案されているが、近年この種ヘッドランプのさらなる小型化や軽量化が要求されている。このような要求に対応するためにＣＰＣ（Compound Parabolic Concentrator：複合放物面反射鏡）を用いてヘッドランプを構成することが考えられている。このＣＰＣは特許文献１にも記載されているように、稜線が放物線ないしはこれに近い形状をした円錐筒型のリフレクタとして構成されており、小径の後端開口内にＬＥＤを配設し、ＬＥＤから出射した光をＣＰＣの内面で反射させ、大径の前端開口から出射させるようにしたものである。このＣＰＣを用いることにより、ＬＥＤから出射した光を高い効率で投射することができるようになり、全体を小型化しても光度の高い照明を実現することが可能になる。   Various types of automobile headlamps using semiconductor light-emitting elements such as LEDs as light sources have already been proposed. In recent years, further reduction in size and weight of such headlamps has been demanded. In order to meet such demands, it is considered to configure a headlamp using a CPC (Compound Parabolic Concentrator). As described in Patent Document 1, this CPC is configured as a cone-shaped reflector whose ridgeline is a parabola or a shape close to this, and an LED is arranged in a small-diameter rear end opening, The light emitted from is reflected by the inner surface of the CPC and emitted from the front opening having a large diameter. By using this CPC, it becomes possible to project the light emitted from the LED with high efficiency, and it is possible to realize illumination with high luminous intensity even if the whole is downsized.

特開２００７−２３５０７９号公報JP 2007-235079 A

本発明者がこのようなＣＰＣを用いて自動車のヘッドランプを構成したところ、ＣＰＣの反射特性により光軸を中心にした所定の領域に対して高い光度で光を照射することが可能とされ、小型化と軽量化の目的を達成する上では有効であった。しかし、ＣＰＣによる光の放射特性は集光性が高くかつ均一特性であるため、ＣＰＣから投射される光をレンズを透して投射するように構成した場合でも光の照射領域は円形配光になるとともに、照射領域と非照射領域との境界に円形をした明確な明暗境界部が生じ易い。そのため、このＣＰＣを用いて自動車のロービーム配光を構成しようとする場合に、上下方向に狭く、左右方向に広い配光を得ることが難しいとともに、明暗境界部をいわゆる照射領域の上縁に沿ったカットラインとして利用することが難しく、明暗境界部が自車の直前領域にも生じてしまい、当該明暗境界部よりも自車側の領域の照明が不十分なものになり、自動車のヘッドランプとして適用するにはこれらの点で解決すべき課題があることが明らかになった。   When the present inventor has configured a headlamp of an automobile using such a CPC, it is possible to irradiate light at a high luminous intensity to a predetermined region centered on the optical axis due to the reflection characteristics of the CPC. It was effective in achieving the objectives of miniaturization and weight reduction. However, since the light emission characteristic of CPC is highly condensing and uniform, the light irradiation area has a circular light distribution even when the light projected from the CPC is projected through the lens. At the same time, a clear light / dark boundary portion having a circular shape at the boundary between the irradiated region and the non-irradiated region is likely to occur. Therefore, when it is intended to construct a low beam light distribution of an automobile using this CPC, it is difficult to obtain a light distribution that is narrow in the vertical direction and wide in the left and right direction, and the light / dark boundary portion is along the upper edge of the so-called irradiation region. It is difficult to use as a cut line, and a light / dark boundary part also occurs in the area immediately before the own vehicle, so that the illumination of the area closer to the own vehicle than the light / dark boundary part becomes insufficient, and the headlamp of the automobile It has become clear that there are problems to be solved in these respects in order to apply as

本発明の目的はＣＰＣ、またはこれに近い形状をしたリフレクタを用い、車両の前方照明用として好適な配光を得ることが可能な小型かつ軽量な車両用ヘッドランプを提供するものである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a small and lightweight vehicle headlamp that can obtain a light distribution suitable for front lighting of a vehicle using a CPC or a reflector having a shape close thereto.

本発明は、前端開口が後端開口よりも大きな寸法をした角錘筒型に形成されたリフレクタと、このリフレクタの後端開口に配設される発光素子と、リフレクタの前端開口に対向配置される投影レンズとで構成され、リフレクタは軸方向の断面がそれぞれ発光素子を焦点とする放物線形状をした上下、左右の反射面で構成され、前端開口から出射される光は左右方向の出射角度が上下方向の出射角度よりも大きくなるように構成したことを特徴とする。   The present invention provides a reflector formed in a prismatic cylinder shape having a front end opening larger than the rear end opening, a light emitting element disposed in the rear end opening of the reflector, and a front end opening of the reflector. The reflector is composed of upper, lower, left and right reflecting surfaces with a parabolic shape whose cross section in the axial direction is the focus of the light emitting element, and the light emitted from the front end opening has an emission angle in the left and right direction. It is characterized by being configured to be larger than the emission angle in the vertical direction.

本発明において、リフレクタの下反射面の前端縁はロービーム配光のカットオフラインに対応した形状に形成され、投影レンズの後側焦点は当該前端縁の近傍位置に配置された構成とすることが好ましい。また、リフレクタの上反射面には前端縁から後方に向けて切欠きが形成されることが好ましい。   In the present invention, the front end edge of the lower reflecting surface of the reflector is preferably formed in a shape corresponding to the cut-off line of the low beam light distribution, and the rear focal point of the projection lens is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the front end edge. . Moreover, it is preferable that a notch is formed in the upper reflection surface of the reflector from the front edge toward the rear.

本発明によれば、上下方向よりも左右方向に照射範囲の広い配光パターンでの照明が可能になり、車両の前方を照明するのに適した配光のヘッドランプが構成できる。特に、リフレクタの下反射面の前端縁をカットオフラインに対応した形状とし、投影レンズの後側焦点を当該前端縁の近傍に配置することで、所要のカットオフラインを有するロービーム配光が可能なヘッドランプが構成できる。さらに、リフレクタの上反射面に切欠きを形成することで、近前方の照明に明確な明暗境界が生じることなく光度が抑制されて光度勾配が緩和された配光のヘッドランプが構成できる。   According to the present invention, illumination with a light distribution pattern having a wider irradiation range in the left-right direction than in the up-down direction is possible, and a light distribution headlamp suitable for illuminating the front of the vehicle can be configured. In particular, a head capable of low beam light distribution having a required cut-off line by forming the front end edge of the lower reflection surface of the reflector in a shape corresponding to the cut-off line and arranging the rear focal point of the projection lens in the vicinity of the front end edge. A lamp can be configured. Furthermore, by forming a notch in the upper reflecting surface of the reflector, it is possible to configure a light distribution headlamp in which the luminous intensity is suppressed and the luminous intensity gradient is relaxed without producing a clear brightness boundary in the near-front illumination.

本発明の実施形態のランプユニットのランプ光軸に沿った縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view along the lamp | ramp optical axis of the lamp unit of embodiment of this invention. ランプユニットの要部の外観斜視図。The external appearance perspective view of the principal part of a lamp unit. リフレクタの拡大斜視図と正面図。The expansion perspective view and front view of a reflector. リフレクタの垂直断面図と水平断面図及び光路図。The vertical cross section of a reflector, a horizontal cross section, and an optical path figure. ロービーム配光とハイビーム配光のパターン図。The pattern diagram of low beam light distribution and high beam light distribution. 切欠きの変形例を示す平面図。The top view which shows the modification of a notch.

次に、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。図１は本発明を自動車のヘッドランプ、特にロービーム配光のヘッドランプに適用した実施形態の概略構成を示すランプ光軸に沿った縦断面図である。図には示していないが容器状をしたランプボディと、このランプボディの前面開口に取着した透明な前面カバーとでランプハウジングが構成され、このランプハウジング内に図１に示すランプユニットＬＵが内装されている。ランプユニットＬＵは光源１とリフレクタ２と投影レンズ３とを備えて構成されており、光源か１ら出射した光をリフレクタ２で反射し、さらに投影レンズ３で屈折して前面カバーを透して自動車の前方領域に向けて照射するように構成されている。この投影レンズ３は光を集光する機能を有しているが、ここでは上下方向に集光する機能を有し、左右方向は拡散する機能を有するシリンドリカルに近い形状のレンズとして構成している。   Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view along a lamp optical axis showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a headlamp of an automobile, particularly a headlamp with low beam distribution. Although not shown in the drawing, a lamp housing is composed of a container-shaped lamp body and a transparent front cover attached to the front opening of the lamp body, and the lamp unit LU shown in FIG. Decorated. The lamp unit LU includes a light source 1, a reflector 2, and a projection lens 3. The light emitted from the light source 1 is reflected by the reflector 2, and further refracted by the projection lens 3 and passes through the front cover. It is comprised so that it may irradiate toward the front area of a car. The projection lens 3 has a function of condensing light. Here, the projection lens 3 has a function of condensing in the vertical direction, and is configured as a cylindrical lens having a function of diffusing in the horizontal direction. .

図２はランプユニットＬＵの要部の外観斜視図であり、図１及び図２を参照すると、金属板等で構成されるユニットベース４を備えており、このユニットベースの後側壁４１に前記光源１が支持され、後側水平壁４２上にリテーナ４３によりリフレクタ２が支持されている。また、ユニットベース４の前側水平壁４４に前記投影レンズ３がレンズ枠４５により支持されている。ユニットベース４の後側壁４１の後面には光源１で発生した熱を放熱するためのヒートシンク４６が一体に設けられている。前記光源１はＬＥＤで構成されているが、ここでは発光面が矩形をした面発光型のＬＥＤで構成されている。前記リフレクタ２は、図３（ａ）に拡大斜視図を示すように、正面から見て上下、左右の各４面の反射面２ｕ，２ｄ，２ｌ，２ｒを備え、前端開口２１が後端開口２２よりも大きな寸法をした角錘筒型に形成されており、当該後端開口２２はＬＥＤ１の外形寸法にほぼ等しく形成されるとともに前記ＬＥＤ１が取着されている。前記投影レンズ３は凸レンズで構成されており、前記リフレクタ２の前端開口２１に対向されている。   FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of the main part of the lamp unit LU. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a unit base 4 made of a metal plate or the like is provided. 1 is supported, and the reflector 2 is supported on a rear horizontal wall 42 by a retainer 43. The projection lens 3 is supported by a lens frame 45 on the front horizontal wall 44 of the unit base 4. A heat sink 46 for radiating heat generated by the light source 1 is integrally provided on the rear surface of the rear side wall 41 of the unit base 4. The light source 1 is composed of an LED, but here it is composed of a surface-emitting LED having a rectangular light emitting surface. As shown in the enlarged perspective view of FIG. 3A, the reflector 2 includes four reflecting surfaces 2u, 2d, 2l, and 2r on the top, bottom, left and right when viewed from the front, and the front end opening 21 is the rear end opening. The rear end opening 22 is formed to be approximately equal to the outer dimension of the LED 1 and the LED 1 is attached thereto. The projection lens 3 is a convex lens and faces the front end opening 21 of the reflector 2.

前記リフレクタ２２について詳細に説明すると、正面から見て上下寸法よりも左右寸法が大きな横長の長方形に形成されている。このリフレクタ２を構成している上下の２つの反射面２ｕ，２ｄはリフレクタ２の中心軸、すなわちリフレクタ光軸Ｒｘに対して線対称であり、垂直方向に切断したときの形状は図４（ａ）に示すように、いずれも放物線として形成されている。そして、上反射面２ｕは後側開口２２の下縁を焦点Ｆｕとする放物線として形成され、下反射面２ｄは後側開口２２の上縁を焦点Ｆｄとする放物線として形成され、それぞれ水平左右方向に反射面を延長した構成とされている。また、左右の２つの反射面２ｌ，２ｒは同じくリフレクタ光軸Ｒｘに対して線対称で水平方向に切断したときの形状は図４（ｂ）に示すように、いずれも放物線として形成されている。そして、左反射面２ｌは後側開口２１に配設されるＬＥＤ１の右端部を焦点Ｆｌとする放物線として形成され、右反射面２ｒはＬＥＤ１の左端部を焦点Ｆｒとする放物線として形成され、それぞれ垂直上下方向に反射面を延長した構成とされている。また、左右の反射面２ｌ，２ｒはリフレクタ光軸Ｒｘに対する傾き角が大きく、後述するようにＬＥＤ１からの光を反射したときには上下の反射面２ｕ，２ｄよりも大きな角度で反射するように構成されている。   The reflector 22 will be described in detail. The reflector 22 is formed in a horizontally long rectangle having a horizontal dimension larger than a vertical dimension when viewed from the front. The two upper and lower reflecting surfaces 2u, 2d constituting the reflector 2 are axisymmetric with respect to the central axis of the reflector 2, that is, the reflector optical axis Rx, and the shape when cut in the vertical direction is shown in FIG. As shown in (), all are formed as parabolas. The upper reflective surface 2u is formed as a parabola with the lower edge of the rear opening 22 as a focal point Fu, and the lower reflective surface 2d is formed as a parabola with the upper edge of the rear opening 22 as a focal point Fd. The reflection surface is extended. Also, the two left and right reflecting surfaces 21 and 2r are similarly symmetrical with respect to the reflector optical axis Rx, and the shape when cut in the horizontal direction is formed as a parabola as shown in FIG. 4B. . The left reflecting surface 21 is formed as a parabola with the right end of the LED 1 disposed in the rear opening 21 as a focal point Fl, and the right reflecting surface 2r is formed as a parabola with the left end of the LED 1 as a focal point Fr. The reflecting surface is extended vertically. Further, the left and right reflecting surfaces 21 and 2r have a large inclination angle with respect to the reflector optical axis Rx, and when reflected from the LED 1, as described later, the reflecting surfaces 21 and 2r are configured to reflect at a larger angle than the upper and lower reflecting surfaces 2u and 2d. ing.

前記リフレクタ２は、図３（ｂ）に前記前端開口２１の正面から見たときに、下反射面２ｄの前端縁が左右方向のほぼ中心位置を境にして右縁部ｒが左縁部ｌよりも低くなるように左右縁部の高さが異なる高さで形成されるとともに、この中央位置を含む中央縁部ｃは左上がりの斜めに傾斜されている。この中央縁部ｃの傾斜形状により、下反射面２ｄの左右方向中央位置には前端開口２１から後方に向けてリフレクタ光軸Ｒｘに沿って延びる段部２ｄｄが形成されることになる。これはロービーム配光での照明を行うときの、いわゆるカットオフラインを構成することになる。さらに、前記リフレクタ２の上反射面２ｕには前端開口２１から後方に向けて円弧状の切欠き２３が形成されている。この切欠き２３の形状、寸法は後述する説明から判るように設計しようとするロービーム配光の配光特性に従って決められることになる。   When the reflector 2 is viewed from the front of the front end opening 21 in FIG. 3B, the right edge r is a left edge l with the front edge of the lower reflecting surface 2d as a boundary at the substantially central position in the left-right direction. The left and right edge portions are formed at different heights so as to be lower, and the center edge portion c including this center position is inclined obliquely upward to the left. Due to the inclined shape of the central edge c, a step 2dd extending along the reflector optical axis Rx from the front end opening 21 toward the rear is formed at the center in the left-right direction of the lower reflecting surface 2d. This constitutes a so-called cut-off line when performing illumination with a low beam light distribution. Further, an arc-shaped notch 23 is formed on the upper reflection surface 2u of the reflector 2 from the front end opening 21 toward the rear. The shape and size of the notch 23 are determined according to the light distribution characteristics of the low beam light distribution to be designed as will be understood from the description to be described later.

その上で、前記ＬＥＤ１は発光面の中心が前記リフレクタ光軸Ｒｘと一致するようにして前記リフレクタ２の後端開口２２内に配置されている。また、前記投影レンズ３はレンズ中心軸、すなわちレンズ光軸が前記リフレクタ光軸Ｒｘに対して垂直下方に平行にずれる位置に設定されるとともに、投影レンズ３の後側焦点Ｆｐは前記リフレクタ２の前端開口２１の下反射面２ｄの前端縁の前記中央縁部ｃに一致、ないしほぼ一致するように配置されている。なお、このレンズ光軸はランプユニットのランプ光軸Ｌｘとなる。   In addition, the LED 1 is disposed in the rear end opening 22 of the reflector 2 such that the center of the light emitting surface coincides with the reflector optical axis Rx. The projection lens 3 is set at a position where the lens central axis, that is, the lens optical axis deviates vertically and parallel to the reflector optical axis Rx, and the rear focal point Fp of the projection lens 3 is that of the reflector 2. The front end opening 21 is arranged so as to coincide with or substantially coincide with the central edge c of the front end edge of the lower reflective surface 2d of the lower end surface 21d. This lens optical axis is the lamp optical axis Lx of the lamp unit.

この構成のランプユニットＬＵによれば、図４（ｂ）に水平方向の光路を示すように、ＬＥＤ１が発光するとＬＥＤ１の発光面から出射した光の一部は左反射面２ｌと右反射面２ｒにそれぞれ投射され、これら左反射面２ｌと右反射面２ｒは後端開口２２のＬＥＤ１の左右端部Ｆｌ，Ｆｒを焦点とする放物面として構成されているので、それぞれ平行光束となって反射され、リフレクタ２の前端開口２１から投影レンズ３に向けて出射される。またＬＥＤ１から出射した光の他の一部は直接光として前端開口２１を通って投影レンズ３に向けて出射される。リフレクタ２のリフレクタ光軸Ｒｘに沿った方向の長さと前端開口２１の左右方向の開口寸法を適切に設計することで、前記反射光が出射する角度θ２と前記直接光が出射する角度θ２１を等しくすることができる。これにより、これらの光は入射角がθ２（＝θ２１）以内の光束として投影レンズ３に入射され、ここで屈折されて前方に向けて投射されるため、当該入射角θ２と投影レンズ３の焦点距離や屈折率等によって計算される水平広がり角度の照明光となる。例えば、左右それぞれ４５°の領域に照射される。   According to the lamp unit LU of this configuration, as shown in the horizontal optical path in FIG. 4B, when the LED 1 emits light, part of the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the LED 1 is left reflective surface 2l and right reflective surface 2r. The left reflecting surface 21 and the right reflecting surface 2r are configured as paraboloids that focus on the left and right ends Fl and Fr of the LED 1 of the rear end opening 22, and are reflected as parallel light beams. Then, the light is emitted from the front end opening 21 of the reflector 2 toward the projection lens 3. Further, another part of the light emitted from the LED 1 is emitted as direct light toward the projection lens 3 through the front end opening 21. By appropriately designing the length of the reflector 2 in the direction along the reflector optical axis Rx and the opening dimension in the left-right direction of the front end opening 21, the angle θ2 at which the reflected light is emitted and the angle θ21 at which the direct light is emitted are equal. can do. As a result, these light beams are incident on the projection lens 3 as a light beam having an incident angle within θ2 (= θ21), and are refracted and projected forward. Therefore, the incident angle θ2 and the focal point of the projection lens 3 are reflected. The illumination light has a horizontal spread angle calculated based on distance, refractive index, and the like. For example, the left and right regions are irradiated to 45 ° regions.

一方、図４（ａ）に垂直方向の光路を示すように、ＬＥＤ１の発光面から出射した光の一部は上反射面２ｕと下反射面２ｄにそれぞれ投射され、これら上反射面２ｕと下反射面２ｄは後端開口２２の下縁と上縁をそれぞれ焦点Ｆｕ，Ｆｄとした放物面であるので、それぞれ平行光束となって反射され、リフレクタ２の前端開口２１から投影レンズ３に向けて出射される。またＬＥＤ１から出射した光の他の一部は直接光として前端開口２１を通って投影レンズ３に向けて出射される。リフレクタ２のリフレクタ光軸Ｒｘに沿った方向の長さと前端開口２１の上下方向の開口寸法を適切に設計することで、前記反射光が出射する角度θ１と前記直接光が出射する角度θ１１を等しくすることができる。これにより、これらの光は入射角がθ１（＝θ１１）以内の光束として投影レンズ３に入射され、ここで屈折されて前方に向けて投射される。例えば、上下それぞれ２２°の領域に照射される。しかし、上反射面２ｕには前端開口２１から後方に向けて前記切欠き２３が形成されているため、この切欠き２３を通過する光はθ１よりも大きな入射角θ１２で出射され、投影レンズ３の上部領域に入射されることになる。   On the other hand, as shown in the vertical optical path in FIG. 4A, part of the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the LED 1 is projected onto the upper reflecting surface 2u and the lower reflecting surface 2d, respectively. Since the reflecting surface 2d is a parabolic surface with the lower edge and upper edge of the rear end opening 22 as focal points Fu and Fd, respectively, it is reflected as a parallel light beam and directed from the front end opening 21 of the reflector 2 toward the projection lens 3. Are emitted. Further, another part of the light emitted from the LED 1 is emitted as direct light toward the projection lens 3 through the front end opening 21. By appropriately designing the length of the reflector 2 in the direction along the reflector optical axis Rx and the vertical opening size of the front end opening 21, the angle θ1 at which the reflected light is emitted and the angle θ11 at which the direct light is emitted are equal. can do. As a result, these lights are incident on the projection lens 3 as light fluxes having an incident angle within θ1 (= θ11), and are refracted and projected forward. For example, it irradiates an area of 22 ° above and below. However, since the notch 23 is formed in the upper reflecting surface 2u from the front end opening 21 toward the rear, the light passing through the notch 23 is emitted at an incident angle θ12 larger than θ1, and the projection lens 3 It is incident on the upper region of.

リフレクタ２の前端開口２１から出射される光は投影レンズ３によって前方に照射されて所定の配光パターンを形成することになるが、前端開口２１から出射された光のうち配光パターンの上限領域の光、すなわち投影レンズ３によって上下反転される前のリフレクタ２の下反射面２ｄの前端縁に沿って出射される光は、前端縁の左右縁部ｒ，ｌの高さが相違しかつ中央縁部ｃが傾斜された形状であり、しかもこの前端縁は投影レンズ３の後側焦点ｆｐの近傍位置に配置されているので、この前端縁の形状に対応した光パターンとして投影レンズ３のレンズ光軸上、換言すればランプ光軸Ｌｘ上に照射されることになる。これにより、図５（ａ）に配光パターンを示すように、上限の明暗境界は前端縁の形状に対応したカットオフラインＣＯＬを有するロービーム配光パターンＬｏが形成されることになる。 The light emitted from the front end opening 21 of the reflector 2 is irradiated forward by the projection lens 3 to form a predetermined light distribution pattern. Of the light emitted from the front end opening 21, the upper limit area of the light distribution pattern Light, that is, light emitted along the front end edge of the lower reflecting surface 2d of the reflector 2 before being inverted upside down by the projection lens 3, has different heights at the left and right edge portions r and l of the front end edge and the center. Since the edge c has an inclined shape and the front end edge is disposed in the vicinity of the rear focal point fp of the projection lens 3, the lens of the projection lens 3 is formed as an optical pattern corresponding to the shape of the front end edge. The light is irradiated on the optical axis, in other words, on the lamp optical axis Lx. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5A, a low-beam light distribution pattern Lo having a cut-off line COL corresponding to the shape of the front end edge is formed at the upper light / dark boundary.

また、前端開口２１から出射された光のうち投影レンズ３の上部領域に入射される光、すなわちリフレクタ２の上反射面２ｕの前端縁に沿って出射される下反射面２ｄで反射した光及びＬＥＤ１から上方に向けて出射された直接光は、前端縁に切欠き２３が形成されているため、この切欠き２３を通して上方に向けて出射され、前記入射角θ１よりも大きな角度θ１２で投影レンズ３の上部領域に入射される。この切欠き２３を通過した光は投影レンズ３によってレンズ光軸、すなわちランプ光軸Ｌｘの下側の領域に照射されることになり、図５（ａ）に示したロービーム配光パターンＬｏの下側の照明領域、すなわち車両の近前方領域をより車両の近前方領域Ａｎまで拡大するとともに、明暗境界が強調されることなく明るさの勾配が緩和された配光パターンが形成される。 Further, of the light emitted from the front end opening 21, the light incident on the upper region of the projection lens 3, that is, the light reflected by the lower reflection surface 2 d emitted along the front end edge of the upper reflection surface 2 u of the reflector 2 and Since direct light emitted upward from the LED 1 has a notch 23 formed at the front edge, it is emitted upward through the notch 23 and is projected at an angle θ 12 larger than the incident angle θ 1. 3 is incident on the upper region. The light that has passed through the notch 23 is irradiated by the projection lens 3 onto a region below the lens optical axis, that is, the lamp optical axis Lx, and is below the low beam light distribution pattern Lo shown in FIG. The side illumination area, that is, the near-front area of the vehicle is further expanded to the near-front area An of the vehicle, and a light distribution pattern in which the brightness gradient is relaxed without emphasizing the bright / dark boundary is formed.

このように実施形態のランプユニットＬＵで得られるロービーム配光パターンＬｏは、上下方向には狭く、左右方向には広い領域を照明する車両の前方照明に好適な配光となる。また、遠前方領域を照明するランプ光軸Ｌｘの近傍領域では明暗境界が明確な所要のカットオフライン形状となり、近前方領域を照明する下側領域は明るさの勾配が緩和されしかも広い範囲にわたる照明となる。これにより、遠前方領域を明るく照明する一方で先行車や対向車に対する眩惑を防止し、近前方領域は過度に明るくない適切な明るさで広い範囲にわたって照明することができ、好適なロービーム配光を得ることが可能になる。そして、このランプユニットＬＵでは、ＬＥＤ１から出射した光の全てがロービーム配光に利用され、光の利用効率を高めることができるので、小型あるいは低消費電力のＬＥＤを用いても高い光度で照明を行う配光パターンを得ることができる。また、ロービーム配光パターンを得るためのシェードが不要であり、ランプユニットの小型化、軽量化が実現できる。 As described above, the low beam light distribution pattern Lo obtained by the lamp unit LU according to the embodiment is light distribution suitable for front illumination of a vehicle that is narrow in the vertical direction and illuminates a wide area in the horizontal direction. In addition, the area near the lamp optical axis Lx that illuminates the far front area has a required cut-off line shape with a clear light / dark boundary, and the lower area that illuminates the near front area has a reduced lightness gradient and illumination over a wide range. It becomes. As a result, it is possible to illuminate the far front area brightly while preventing dazzling of the preceding and oncoming vehicles, and to illuminate the near front area over a wide range with appropriate brightness that is not excessively bright. Can be obtained. In this lamp unit LU, all of the light emitted from the LED 1 is used for low beam light distribution, so that the light use efficiency can be increased. Therefore, even if a small or low power consumption LED is used, illumination is performed at a high intensity. The light distribution pattern to be performed can be obtained. Further, a shade for obtaining a low beam light distribution pattern is unnecessary, and the lamp unit can be reduced in size and weight.

ここで、リフレクタ２の下反射面２ｄの前端縁の形状は実施形態の形状に限られるものではなく、図示は省略するが前端縁の左右中心位置よりも左側の左縁部を単純に傾斜した形状にしてもよい。この場合には図５（ｂ）のように、ランプ光軸Ｌｘよりも左側領域が斜め左上方に傾斜したカットオフラインＣＯＬを有するロービーム配光パターンＬｏ２が得られる。 Here, the shape of the front end edge of the lower reflecting surface 2d of the reflector 2 is not limited to the shape of the embodiment, and although not shown, the left edge on the left side of the front end edge is simply inclined with respect to the left-right center position. You may make it a shape. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5B, a low beam light distribution pattern Lo2 having a cut-off line COL whose left region is inclined obliquely upward to the left from the lamp optical axis Lx is obtained.

また、リフレクタ２の上反射面２ｕに形成する切欠きは実施形態の円弧状に限られるものではなく、図６（ａ）に平面図を示すような矩形の切欠き２３Ａ、あるいは図６（ｂ）のように三角形の切欠き２３Ｂにしてもよく、近前方を照明する際の光度や広さに応じて適宜な形状に設計できる。また、図６（ｃ）のように、中央領域の切欠き量を少なくした切欠き２３Ｃにしてもよい。特に、この図６（ｃ）の切欠き２３Ｃの場合には、図５（ａ）に破線で示す自車の直前領域Ａｎｎの照射光度を幾分低下させ、当該直前領域Ａｎｎが明る過ぎることによる視認性の低下を防止する。特に、雨天時等における路面反射光による視認性の低下や他車の眩惑防止に有利になる。 Further, the notch formed in the upper reflecting surface 2u of the reflector 2 is not limited to the arc shape of the embodiment, but a rectangular notch 23A as shown in a plan view in FIG. 6A or FIG. ) May be formed as a triangular notch 23B, and can be designed in an appropriate shape according to the light intensity and the width when illuminating the near front. Further, as shown in FIG. 6C, a cutout 23C in which the cutout amount in the central region is reduced may be used. In particular, in the case of the notch 23C in FIG. 6C, the irradiation light intensity of the area Ann just before the vehicle shown by a broken line in FIG. 5A is somewhat reduced, and the area Ann just before is too bright. Prevents loss of visibility. In particular, it is advantageous in reducing visibility due to road surface reflected light during rainy weather or the like and preventing dazzling of other vehicles.

実施形態ではロービーム配光に適用した例を示しているが、リフレクタ２の下反射面２ｄの前端縁の形状を単純な直線形状にするとともに、投影レンズ３の後側焦点Ｆｐの位置を適宜に調節することで、図５（ｂ）に配光パターンを示すように、ランプ光軸Ｌｘよりも上方領域を含み、上縁領域カットオフラインが存在しないハイビーム配光Ｈｉを実現することも可能である。この場合でもリフレクタ２の上反射面２ｕに切欠き２３を形成すれば、近前方領域Ａｎは明暗境界が生じない明るさ勾配の緩和した照明が可能になる。 The embodiment shows an example applied to low beam light distribution, but the shape of the front end edge of the lower reflection surface 2d of the reflector 2 is a simple linear shape, and the position of the rear focal point Fp of the projection lens 3 is appropriately set. By adjusting, as shown in the light distribution pattern in FIG. 5B, it is also possible to realize a high beam light distribution Hi that includes a region above the lamp optical axis Lx and does not have an upper edge region cut-off line. . Even in this case, if the notch 23 is formed in the upper reflection surface 2u of the reflector 2, the near-front region An can be illuminated with a lightness gradient that does not cause a bright / dark boundary.

本発明における発光素子はＬＥＤに限定されるものではなく、レーザダイオード等の半導体発光素子であれば本発明のヘッドランプの光源として適用することが可能である。 The light emitting element in the present invention is not limited to the LED, and any semiconductor light emitting element such as a laser diode can be applied as the light source of the headlamp of the present invention.

本発明は発光素子を光源とした小型のヘッドランプに採用することが可能である。   The present invention can be applied to a small headlamp using a light emitting element as a light source.

１ 光源（ＬＥＤ）
２ リフレクタ
３ 投影レンズ
４ ユニットベース
２１ 前端開口
２２ 後端開口
２３ 切欠き
２ｕ 上反射面
２ｄ 下反射面
２ｒ 右反射面
２ｌ 左反射面
Ｒｘ リフレクタ光軸
Ｌｘ ランプ光軸（レンズ光軸）

1 Light source (LED)
2 Reflector 3 Projection lens 4 Unit base 21 Front end opening 22 Rear end opening 23 Notch 2u Upper reflection surface 2d Lower reflection surface 2r Right reflection surface 2l Left reflection surface Rx Reflector optical axis Lx Lamp optical axis (lens optical axis)

Claims (4)

前端開口が後端開口よりも大きな寸法をした角錘筒型に形成されたリフレクタと、このリフレクタの後端開口に配設される発光素子と、前記リフレクタの前端開口に対向配置される投影レンズとで構成され、前記リフレクタは軸方向の断面がそれぞれ前記発光素子を焦点とする放物線形状をした上下、左右の反射面で構成され、前記前端開口から出射される光は左右方向の出射角度が上下方向の出射角度よりも大きくなるように構成したことを特徴とする車両用ヘッドランプ。   A reflector formed in a prismatic cylinder shape whose front end opening is larger than the rear end opening, a light emitting element disposed in the rear end opening of the reflector, and a projection lens disposed opposite to the front end opening of the reflector The reflector is composed of upper, lower, left and right reflecting surfaces with a parabolic shape whose cross section in the axial direction is the focal point of the light emitting element, and the light emitted from the front end opening has an emission angle in the left and right direction. A vehicular headlamp characterized by being configured to be larger than an emission angle in the vertical direction. 前記リフレクタの下反射面の前端縁はロービーム配光のカットオフラインに対応した形状に形成され、前記投影レンズの後側焦点は当該前端縁の近傍位置に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の車両用ヘッドランプ。   The front end edge of the lower reflection surface of the reflector is formed in a shape corresponding to a cut-off line of low beam light distribution, and the rear focal point of the projection lens is disposed in the vicinity of the front end edge. The vehicle headlamp according to claim 1. 前記リフレクタの上反射面には前端縁から後方に向けて切欠きが形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の車両用ヘッドランプ。   3. The vehicle headlamp according to claim 1, wherein a notch is formed in the upper reflection surface of the reflector from the front edge toward the rear. 前記リフレクタ、発光素子及び投影レンズは一体的に組み立てられてランプユニットとして構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれかに記載の車両用ヘッドランプ。
The vehicle headlamp according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reflector, the light emitting element, and the projection lens are integrally assembled to form a lamp unit.
JP2010003564A 2010-01-12 2010-01-12 Vehicle headlamp Expired - Fee Related JP5442463B2 (en)

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EP11732839.3A EP2525141B1 (en) 2010-01-12 2011-01-06 Vehicle headlamp
CN201180005941.9A CN102713420B (en) 2010-01-12 2011-01-06 Vehicle headlamp

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JP5442463B2 (en) 2014-03-12
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EP2525141A4 (en) 2015-07-15
CN102713420B (en) 2014-11-05
WO2011086969A1 (en) 2011-07-21
CN102713420A (en) 2012-10-03

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