JP2011136324A - Apparatus for defanging scrap wood - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for defanging scrap wood, which alleviates defects as far as possible, such as the need of much time and effort, since polluted soil is known to be defanged using a batch-type plasma generator that requires to take in or out soil every time when polluted soil is treated. <P>SOLUTION: Moisture content in scrap wood of building or civil engineering is adjusted by a mixer. The scrap wood mixture discharged from the mixer is introduced continuously or intermittently into a transporting device. Furthermore, plasma is generated on the transporting device. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a detoxifying device for waste material.

  Recently, soil contamination in various lands has become a major problem. For example, in the site of a chemical factory, toxic substances that have been used for many years are often contained in the soil. Such soil land cannot be used as a residential area or a park.

It is also a problem to leave it as it is because it cannot be used. This is to adversely affect the surrounding soil.
Therefore, the contaminated soil is excavated and removed and replaced with new soil.

  However, this replacement method not only makes it difficult to procure new soil, but also makes it difficult to treat excavated contaminated soil. Such soil cannot be used for land reclamation. Therefore, it is desirable to detoxify the contaminated soil and use it in landfills or other places, but the method of detoxifying is difficult.

  Therefore, it has been devised as disclosed in Patent Document 1 to render the soil harmless by a plasma generator. In this method, excavated soil is introduced into a sealed reactor to generate plasma and render it harmless. However, this is a batch type, and the soil must be taken in and out each time, which is very troublesome.

JP 2002-011433 A

  Therefore, a detoxification device and a detoxification method for waste materials that reduce such defects as much as possible are provided.

  In view of the above situation, the present inventor has completed the detoxification device and detoxification method of the present invention waste material as a result of intensive studies. It is made harmless because it consists of a mixer that adjusts the ratio, a transport device that continuously or intermittently introduces the waste material mixture discharged from the mixer, and a plasma generator that generates plasma on the transport device. In the method, the water content ratio of the waste materials for construction or civil engineering is adjusted, the adjusted waste material mixture is transferred to a transport device, and the plasma arc generator generates a high temperature on the transport device to make it harmless.

  Building or civil engineering waste here refers to general construction and civil engineering waste, such as excavated soil, asphalt pavement waste, concrete waste, wall waste, heat insulation waste, etc., and contains asbestos But you can.

The mixer here is a device that mixes the waste material with a solidifying agent or other material having a low water content (such as soil), and need not be special. Any type can be used as long as the mixed waste material can be discharged continuously.
The purpose of mixing is to adjust the water content ratio (water content). The water content ratio is adjusted so as to be convenient for handling of waste materials, for example, transfer and introduction, heating and treatment with plasma. Conventionally, since there was no such an integrated (or continuous) device, the waste material could not be introduced into the plasma generator as it was, and this was a time-consuming and time-consuming process.

The following are suitable among the mixers.
A cylindrical body that is a main body to be mixed, a hopper for introducing a mixture into the cylindrical body, a stirring device that rotates inside the cylindrical body, and a mesh body connected to the rear of the cylindrical body, The cylindrical body is driven to rotate, and the stirring device is a mixer having a number of stirring tools fixed to a rotating shaft.

  A major feature of this mixer is that it is possible to continuously mix the waste material at the front part and sift through the mesh body at the rear part. The structure will be described below.

Here, the hopper is a portion for introducing waste materials, and usually has a large inlet and a certain storage capacity. There are two types of hoppers: an open type without a lid so that it can be continuously charged, and a type with a lid that closes each time.
Although everything to be mixed from this hopper may be introduced, two hoppers may be introduced separately.

A cylindrical body is a main body part of this mixer, and is a cylinder, ie, a pipe. It may be a single piece or a combination of divided pieces.
The cylindrical body has a drive source for rotating. This may be a normal one such as a motor. The reason for rotating is to efficiently carry out stirring, which will be described later, and to raise the mixture from the bottom to the top. It is also to help advance the contents. The rotational speed is free, but generally it may be slow, and several times to several tens of times / minute is sufficient. The rotation speed is preferably adjusted by using an inverter or the like.
This cylindrical body, that is, a container in a normal mixer, is new in that it rotates. It is also rotated so that the material to be mixed is lifted up and put on the stirring tool each time it is rotated.

Further, in order to make the forward movement easier, the cylindrical body may be inclined so as to lower the downstream side. As an inclination angle, although it is free, about 1 to 15 degree | times is suitable. Further, this inclination angle may be adjusted manually or automatically.
Depending on the input soil, the angle is changed and the efficiency is improved.

A rotating shaft is provided in the cylindrical body, and a number of stirring tools are attached to the rotating shaft. The shape of the stirring tool is not particularly limited. It is a simple bar shape, plate shape, curved plate shape, or the like. Depending on the waste material and other substances to be mixed, the material may be a soft material such as rubber, or a steel material that can be crushed to some extent. Further, a material having higher hardness may be used.
In short, any material can be used. As described above, stirring here includes crushing. That is, crushing may be performed with a stirring tool.

As a mounting position of the stirring tool, a plurality of the stirring tools may be provided at positions having different orientations at the same distance from the entrance of the rotating shaft, or only one at the same distance. Providing a plurality at equal distances means providing them at four locations of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees.
Further, it may be arranged in a spiral shape to have a screw-like structure.
It is not necessary for all the stirring tools to have the same structure and the same size, and different stirrers may be provided at random or may be sequentially changed.

The stirrer may be fixed directly to the shaft, but is preferably bolted so that it can be easily replaced if broken.
Further, the number and density of the stirring tools, their mounting positions, etc. are free. It may be uniform or changed as a whole. For example, a plate-like body having a small width is attached to the whole in a spiral shape. There is also a method of fixing the blades at random.
Further, there is a method in which the stirrer is initially spaced and gradually narrowed.

  The rotating shaft for fixing the stirrer is rotated by a rotation drive source, and the rotation speed is free. Several times to several hundreds of times / minute is sufficient. It is preferable that the rotation speed can be adjusted by using an inverter or the like.

  The rotating shaft is normally driven separately from the above-described cylindrical body, but may rotate in the same manner or in the same manner. That is, the same drive source is used. In this way, the apparatus becomes simple and inexpensive.

  A mesh body may be provided at the rear part (downstream side) of the cylindrical body of the present invention. This is cylindrical like the cylindrical body, but its main body is made of mesh. And this is also rotationally driven. A stirring device similar to the cylindrical body may be provided inside.

  The term “mesh” as used herein simply means that there are a large number of holes, which may be net-like, woven, provided with a large number of holes in a plate, or expanded metal. The size of the hole is about 5 mm to 100 mm (preferably 10 to 40 mm), and may be determined depending on the size of the object to be removed.

This mesh body is often clogged when its eyes become finer. Therefore, in order to prevent this, a cleaning tool such as a brush can be provided outside the mesh. Size and number are free. If it does in this way, it will be automatically cleaned by rotation of a mesh body.
For the same purpose, the mesh body may be vibrated. Furthermore, a method of applying an impact sometimes or a method of hitting the surface with another member may be used.

This mesh body sorts the mixture mixed in the upstream cylindrical body at a certain size. For example, it satisfies the demands such as wanting to sort the mixture of 20 mm or less that is mixed in the upstream, or to sort the aggregate of 25 mm or more.
In this way, mixing and separation can be performed simultaneously.

  Since this mesh body has a mesh peripheral surface, when powder is generated, it may be ejected around. Therefore, it is desirable to cover the periphery so that the powder is not in the atmosphere.

  The conveying device here is to detoxify while transferring the mixture of waste materials discharged from the mixer. The structure is not particularly limited, but may be basically any one such as a normal conveyor, for example, a belt conveyor, a screw conveyor, or other rotating disk type.

  The rotating disk type is a type in which half of the rotating disk is used and a wall is provided on the half of the rotating disk. One disk or a plurality of disks may be arranged. This rotating disk type has a simpler structure and a heat resistant structure than a normal conveyor type. It is difficult to withstand a normal conveyor at 1000 ° C. or 1500 ° C. or more, but a rotating disk is easy.

  It is preferable that the periphery of the conveying device is almost completely sealed. Moreover, when dust is generated, the surroundings may be covered with a structure such as a net in a stage (process) after detoxification, and the dust may be collected by a dust collector.

  The transport between the mixer and the transport device is preferably a structure that is almost sealed. A structure in which a receiver is provided almost closely below the mesh body of the mixer and dropped from below the receiver onto the conveying device is preferable. Also in this case, it is preferable that the mesh body of the mixer is substantially sealed except for the lower receiving member.

  In order to adjust the amount of waste material introduced into the mixer separately from the transport device, a second transport device may be provided on the mixer inlet side. If this is present, the amount charged into the mixer can be made constant, which is suitable for continuous operation.

The plasma detoxifying device here means a device for decomposing and detoxifying various harmful substances by generated plasma.
Plasma generators are generally divided into two types. There are a transfer type plasma method and a non-transfer type plasma method. In the transfer type plasma method, an anode is provided on the heated object side, and the atmosphere between the electrodes is ionized (plasma state) by discharge generated between the cathode and the cathode provided at the tip of the torch. The plasma flow is transferred to the cathode of the heated object. Since the plasma current flows directly to the object to be heated, the heating efficiency is good. Some of them are the opposite of Yin Yang.

  In the non-migration type plasma system, both a cathode and an anode are provided in a torch, plasma is generated between them, plasma is grown forward from the tip of the torch with a working gas, and acts on an object to be heated.

In the present invention, both the migration type and the non-migration type can be adopted.
First, the transition type will be described.
In the case of the transfer type, an electrode (usually an anode) is provided above the transfer device, the transfer device itself is used as another electrode (usually a cathode), and discharge is performed between both electrodes to form a plasma state. A working gas (inert gas such as argon or helium) is jetted from above the electrode and hits the waste material. In this high temperature plasma state, harmful substances are rendered harmless.
In the case of this transition type, the electrode above the transfer device may be a type that is horizontally placed perpendicular to the traveling direction of the transfer device, or a type in which a plurality of electrodes are placed vertically.

  In the case of the transfer type, it is important that the waste material on the transport device is not placed thick but placed thin so that the waste material does not hinder discharge. The thickness is 5 cm or less, preferably 2 cm or less, and most preferably 1-2 cm.

In the non-transfer type, a torch (plasma generator) is provided above the transfer device, and plasma is generated there, and the plasma is grown by a working gas to act on an object to be heated.
In the case of this non-migration type, it is difficult to cause the plasma to act on the entire width of the transfer device, and therefore a plurality of torches may be arranged side by side.

Furthermore, a plurality of non-transition type torches may be attached in a disk shape and rotated so that plasma is always present over the entire width of the transfer device.
Further, the plasma may be spread over the entire width by vibrating (or shaking) one or a plurality of torches in the width direction of the transfer device.
The rotation speed and vibration speed of the torch depend on the traveling speed and transfer amount of the transport device, but the heated object may be set to a predetermined temperature as a whole.

  Naturally, various devices for generating an arc are connected to the plasma arc generator. In the present invention, they may be ordinary ones and need not be special ones.

  When the detoxification is completed on the transport device, the detoxified waste materials and the like are discharged from the transport device. At this time, it is sealed to some extent so that dust and the like are not released into the atmosphere. For example, using a cyclone dust collector that sucks in vacuum.

The present invention has the following great effects.
(1) Waste materials such as toxic soil can be detoxified continuously.
(2) Since the moisture content of the waste material such as soil is adjusted and enters the plasma apparatus, it does not explode due to excessive moisture.
(3) If the mixer of the above example is used, it can be crushed simultaneously with mixing, so there is no problem even if a little large stone or concrete waste material is contained.
(4) If the mixer of the above-described example is used, since sifting can be performed simultaneously with mixing, only a suitable size is always introduced into the plasma apparatus.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of this invention apparatus. It is a schematic perspective view which shows an example of the plasma generator of this invention apparatus. It is a schematic plan view which shows the other example of the conveying apparatus of this invention apparatus. FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of FIG. 3.

  Hereinafter, based on an Example, this invention is demonstrated in detail.

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a detoxification apparatus 1 for waste material of the present invention. This apparatus uses harmful excavated soil as waste material.
The entire apparatus includes an introduction conveyance device (second conveyance device) unit 2, a mixing unit 3, and a detoxification unit 4.

  The introduction conveyance device unit 2 includes a hopper 5 and a belt conveyor 6, and transfers a substantially constant amount of harmful excavated soil introduced into the hopper 5 and introduces it into the next process.

The mixing unit 3 includes a mixer main body 7, a waste material introduction port 8, a solidifying agent introduction port 9, a large waste material discharge port 10, and a receiving tool 11.
The mixer main body is provided with a waste material inlet 8 and a solidifying agent inlet 9 at the upstream end of the inclined cylindrical body 12 (about 10 degrees). A mesh body 13 is connected to the downstream side of the cylindrical body 12. The mesh body in this example has a coarseness of about 20 mm.

  The mixture such as soil introduced from the waste material introduction port 8 is sent to the right side of the figure while being stirred (it can also be said to slide down). Then, the mixed soil is introduced into the next mesh body 13. It is also stirred there, and those of 20 mm or less fall from the mesh to the lower receptacle 11. The thing of 20 mm or more is discharged | emitted from the discharge port 10 of the large waste material of the front-end | tip of the mesh body 13. FIG.

  The cylindrical body 12 is rotationally driven by a driving device (motor) 14. The rotation speed can be adjusted according to the amount and size of the input. A rotating shaft 16 for the stirring tool 15 is provided at the center of the cylindrical body 12. The rotary shaft 16 is similarly rotationally driven by the driving device 17. In this figure, the stirrers 15 appear to be different, but in practice they are all the same length. It just looks like that because the orientation has changed sequentially.

A belt conveyor 18 (conveying device) is provided below the receiver 11. A plasma generator 19 is provided above the belt conveyor 18. The plasma generator 19 in this example is a transition type, and the belt conveyor 18 serves as a cathode, and an electrode bar serving as an anode is positioned horizontally in the vicinity of the upper side in the width direction of the conveyor.
A discharge occurs between the anode and the conveyor, and a plasma state is generated between the discharges. Thereby, it becomes high temperature and the soil in the meantime is made harmless.

  The discharge voltage and temperature are arbitrary, and ordinary ones can be used. There is no need to increase the temperature as long as the temperature can be made harmless. Further, the plasma generator 19 is provided with a control mechanism, a working gas injection device, and other ordinary ones, but this is not the gist of the present invention.

The conveyor 18 including the plasma generator 19 is almost hermetically sealed as a whole.
The soil that has passed through the plasma generation portion and has been rendered harmless is discharged from the discharge port 20 to the outside or another sealed container.

FIG. 2 shows another example of the plasma generator 19 used in the present invention. This example is of a non-transfer type, in which a plasma state is created by a torch 21 having both positive and negative polarities and is grown with a working gas. In the present invention, since plasma is required for the entire width of the conveyor, in this example, a large number of torches 21 are attached to a rotating disk 22 and the disk is rotated at a predetermined speed. The rotation speed is a balance with the transfer speed of the conveyor, but it may be set to a speed at which the waste material is not transferred without passing through the plasma state. Theoretically, both trial and error are required immediately.
Although not shown, it is natural that each torch 21 is supplied with power and working gas.

  With this non-migrating type, there is no need to discharge between the conveyors, so the waste material thickness on the conveyor can be increased. Also, there is no need for waste materials to conduct electricity.

  FIG. 3 is a plan view showing another example of the transport apparatus of the present invention. The conveying method is a rotating disk method. In this example, half of the rotating disk 21 is used, and an upright wall 22 is provided near the center. Of course, a cover and a wall (not shown) are also provided around the disk.

  Waste material from the mixing unit 3 (from the receptacle 11 in FIG. 1) falls to the upstream point 23 on the disk 21. Then, as the disk 21 rotates, it is conveyed from left to right in the figure. A plasma generator 19 is provided in the middle of the conveyance. Then, what has been rendered harmless by the plasma generator 19 falls from the right end point 24.

  4 is a schematic side view of FIG. 3. It can be seen that the waste material falls to the point 23, is sent to the right, passes through the plasma generator 19 and falls from the point 24. FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste material detoxification apparatus 2 Introduction conveyor part 3 Mixing part 4 Detoxification part 5 Hopper 6 Belt conveyor 7 Mixer main body 8 Waste material introduction port 9 Solidification agent introduction port 10 Large waste material discharge port 11 Receptacle 12 Tubular body 13 Mesh body 14 Drive device (motor)
15 Stirring Tool 16 Rotating Shaft 17 Drive Device 18 Belt Conveyor 19 Plasma Generator 20 Discharge Port 21 Rotating Disc 22 Wall 23 Point 24 Point

Claims (5)

From a mixer that adjusts the water content ratio of building or civil engineering waste, a transport device that continuously or intermittently introduces the waste material mixture discharged from the mixer, and a plasma generator that generates plasma on the transport device A detoxifying device for waste materials characterized by The waste material detoxifying device according to claim 1, wherein the conveying device is a rotating disk. The waste material detoxifying device according to claim 1, wherein a belt conveyor for adjusting the amount of waste material introduced is provided upstream of the mixer. The waste material detoxifying device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mixer is a device capable of continuously mixing and sieving. A method for detoxifying waste material, comprising adjusting a water content ratio of building or civil engineering waste material, transferring the adjusted waste material mixture to a conveying device, and detoxifying the material at a high temperature by a plasma arc generator on the conveying device. .

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