JP2011134810A - Light-emitting element, electronic device, and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light-emitting element which emits red light with high brightness, and ensures a longer life, and also to provide a reliable exposure head including the same, and an image forming apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: A light-emitting element 74 has: a negative electrode 748; a positive electrode 741, a light-emitting layer 744 which is provided between the negative electrode 748 and the positive electrode 741 and contains a red emission material which emits red light; a first electron transportation layer 746 which is provided between the light-emitting layer 744 and the negative electrode 748 and contains a first electron transportation material which is a nitrogen-contained compound; and a second electron transportation layer 745 which is provided between the light-emitting layer 744 and the first electron transportation layer 746 to contact them and contains a second electron transportation material having a glass transition temperature of 150°C or higher and being different from the first electron transportation material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a light emitting element, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus.

An organic electroluminescence element (so-called organic EL element) is a light emitting element having a structure in which at least one light emitting layer is interposed between an anode and a cathode. In such a light emitting device, by applying an electric field between the cathode and the anode, electrons are injected into the light emitting layer from the cathode side and holes are injected from the anode side, and electrons and holes are injected into the light emitting layer. Recombination generates excitons, and when the excitons return to the ground state, the energy is emitted as light.
It has been proposed to apply such an organic EL element to a light emitting element included in an exposure apparatus (exposure head) provided in the image forming apparatus.

  More specifically, an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer using an electrophotographic system includes an exposure device that forms an electrostatic latent image by exposing the outer surface of a rotating photoreceptor. As such an exposure apparatus, an exposure head having a structure in which a plurality of light emitting elements are arranged in the rotation axis direction of a photoreceptor is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). It has been proposed to use EL elements.

By the way, as a light emitting element for an exposure head, for example, when light having a wavelength of light emission of 600 nm is used, a light emission intensity of 20000 cd / m ² or more is desirable, and a lifetime (time until the luminance is attenuated by 10%) is It is required to be 1000 hours or more.
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, organic EL elements that emit red light with high efficiency and long life are known in which a luminescent layer is formed using a naphthacene derivative and a diindenoperylene derivative (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

However, the organic EL element according to Patent Document 2 is insufficient to obtain the life characteristics required for the light emitting element for the exposure head as described above.
In addition, the problem of the lifetime characteristics of the organic EL element is not limited to the case where the organic EL element is applied to an electronic device such as an exposure head, but similarly occurs when the organic EL element is applied to an electronic device such as a display device.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-4546 Japanese Patent No. 4024009

  An object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element that can emit light with high luminance and can have a long lifetime, and a highly reliable electronic device and electronic apparatus including the light-emitting element.

Such an object is achieved by the present invention described below.
The light emitting device of the present invention comprises a cathode,
The anode,
A light emitting layer provided between the cathode and the anode and emitting light by application of a voltage;
A first electron transport layer provided between the light emitting layer and the cathode and configured to include a first electron transport material which is a nitrogen-containing compound;
A second electron transporting material provided between the light emitting layer and the first electron transporting layer and including a second electron transporting material having a glass transition temperature of 150 ° C. or more different from that of the first electron transporting material; And an electron transport layer.
As a result, the light emitting element emits light with high luminance and has a long life.

In the light emitting device of the present invention, the second electron transport material is preferably tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum.
As a result, even when the vicinity of the interface is heated due to the retention of electrons at the interface between the light emitting layer and the second electron transport layer, the alteration and deterioration of the second electron transport material are accurately suppressed. Or it can be prevented.

In the light emitting device of the present invention, it is preferable that the second electron transport layer is mainly composed of the second electron transport material and has a thickness of 2 nm or more and 7 nm or less.
Thereby, durability of a light emitting element can be improved reliably, without inhibiting the electron transport property which a 1st electron carrying layer has.
In the light emitting device of the present invention, it is preferable that the second electron transport layer includes a third electron transport material different from the second electron transport material.
Thereby, the characteristic with which a 3rd electron transport material is provided to a 2nd electron transport layer can be provided.

In the light emitting device of the present invention, the second electron transport layer is mainly composed of the second electron transport material and the third electron transport material, and the thickness thereof is preferably 2 nm or more and 10 nm or less. .
Thereby, the durability of the light-emitting element can be reliably improved without impairing the electron transport property of the first electron transport layer, and both the second electron transport material and the third electron transport material can be obtained. The characteristic which has can be exhibited reliably.

In the light emitting device of the present invention, it is preferable that the third electron transport material is the same or the same as the first electron transport material.
If the same electron transport material as the first electron transport material or the same electron transport material is selected as the third electron transport material, for example, a material having higher electron transport properties is selected, the second electron transport layer Electron transportability can be further improved.

In the light emitting device of the present invention, the light emitting layer is composed of a red light emitting material that emits red light and emits mainly red light,
The red light emitting material is preferably a diindenoperylene derivative.
Thereby, the light emitting layer can emit red light with higher brightness, and thus the present invention is suitably applied to a light emitting element that emits light with higher brightness.

In the light emitting device of the present invention, it is preferable that the light emitting layer further includes a naphthacene derivative.
In particular, when a diindenoperylene derivative is used as a red light emitting material, when the light emitting layer is configured to include a naphthacene derivative as described above, the light emitting layer can emit red light with higher luminance and higher efficiency.

In the light emitting device of the present invention, it is preferable that the first electron transporting layer includes an azaindolizine derivative or a phenanthroline derivative.
Thereby, the electron transport property of the first electron transport layer can be made excellent. As a result, high efficiency of the light emitting element can be achieved.
The electronic device of the present invention includes a light emitting element.
Thereby, an electronic device having excellent durability and high reliability can be obtained.
The electronic apparatus of the present invention includes an electronic device.
Thereby, an electronic device with high reliability can be obtained.

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an overall configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partial sectional perspective view of an exposure head provided in the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1. It is the sectional view on the AA line in FIG. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of a lens and a light emitting element when the exposure head shown in FIG. 2 is planarly viewed. It is a figure which shows typically the longitudinal cross-section of the light emitting element with which the exposure head shown in FIG. 2 was equipped.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a light-emitting element, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus according to the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, prior to describing the light emitting element of the present invention, the electronic apparatus of the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, a case where the electronic apparatus of the present invention is applied to an image forming apparatus will be described as an example.
(Image forming device)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partial sectional perspective view of an exposure head provided in the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between the lens and the light emitting element when the exposure head shown in FIG. 2 is viewed in plan, and FIG. 5 is provided in the exposure head shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the longitudinal cross-section of the obtained light emitting element. In the following, for convenience of explanation, the upper side in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 is also referred to as “upper” and the lower side is also referred to as “lower”.

An image forming apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an electrophotographic printer that records an image on a recording medium P through a series of image forming processes including a charging process, an exposure process, a developing process, a transfer process, and a fixing process. In the present embodiment, the image forming apparatus 1 is a color printer that employs a so-called tandem method.
As shown in FIG. 1, the image forming apparatus 1 includes an image forming unit 10 for a charging process, an exposure process, and a developing process, a transfer unit 20 for a transfer process, and a fixing unit for a fixing process. 30, a transport mechanism 40 for transporting a recording medium P such as paper, and a paper feed unit 50 that supplies the recording medium P to the transport mechanism 40.

The image forming unit 10 includes an image forming station 10Y that forms a yellow toner image, an image forming station 10M that forms a magenta toner image, an image forming station 10C that forms a cyan toner image, and a black toner image. Four image forming stations including an image forming station 10K to be formed are provided.
Each of the four image forming stations 10Y, 10C, 10M, and 10K includes a photosensitive drum (photosensitive member) 11 that is a latent image carrier that carries an electrostatic latent image. A charging unit 12, an exposure head (exposure unit) 13, a developing device 14, and a cleaning unit 15 are disposed around each photosensitive drum 11 (on the outer peripheral side) along the rotation direction. The image forming stations 10Y, 10C, 10M, and 10K have substantially the same configuration except that the color of the toner used is different.

  The photosensitive drum 11 has a cylindrical shape as a whole, and can rotate around the axis in the direction of the arrow in FIG. In the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface (cylindrical surface) of the photosensitive drum 11, a photosensitive layer (not shown) made of an organic photoreceptor (OPC), amorphous silicon (α-Si), or the like is provided. The outer peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 11 has a light receiving surface 111 that receives light L (emitted light) from the exposure head 13 (see FIG. 2).

The charging unit 12 uniformly charges the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11 by corona charging or the like.
The exposure head 13 receives image information from a host computer such as a personal computer (not shown), and irradiates the light L toward the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11 in response to the image information. When the light L is irradiated on the light receiving surface 111 of the uniformly charged photosensitive drum 11, a latent image (electrostatic latent image) corresponding to the irradiation pattern of the light L is formed on the light receiving surface 111. The configuration of the exposure head 13 will be described in detail later.

The developing device 14 has a storage unit (not shown) that stores toner, and supplies toner from the storage unit to the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11 that carries an electrostatic latent image. To do. Thereby, the latent image on the photosensitive drum 11 is visualized (developed) as a toner image.
The cleaning unit 15 includes a rubber cleaning blade 151 that abuts on the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11. The cleaning blade 151 scrapes and removes toner remaining on the photosensitive drum 11 after the primary transfer described later. It is like that.

The transfer unit 20 collectively transfers the toner images of the respective colors formed on the photosensitive drums 11 of the image forming stations 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K as described above to the recording medium P.
In the four image forming stations 10Y, 10C, 10M, and 10K, the charging unit 12 charges the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11 and the light receiving surface by the exposure head 13 while the photosensitive drum 11 rotates once. 111 exposure, supply of toner to the light receiving surface 111 by the developing device 14, primary transfer to the intermediate transfer belt 21 by pressure contact with a primary transfer roller 22 described later, and cleaning of the light receiving surface 111 by the cleaning unit 15. Are sequentially performed.

The transfer unit 20 includes an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer belt 21, which includes a plurality of (four in the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1) primary transfer rollers 22, driving rollers 23, and driven rollers 24. 1 is rotated by the rotation of the drive roller 23 in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG.
Each of the plurality of primary transfer rollers 22 is disposed to face the corresponding photosensitive drum 11 via an intermediate transfer belt 21, and transfers a single color toner image on the photosensitive drum 11 to the intermediate transfer belt 21 (primary Transcription). The primary transfer roller 22 is applied with a primary transfer voltage (primary transfer bias) having a polarity opposite to the charging polarity of the toner during the primary transfer.

On the intermediate transfer belt 21, a toner image of at least one of yellow, magenta, cyan, and black is carried. For example, when a full-color image is formed, four color toner images of yellow, magenta, cyan, and black are sequentially transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 21 to form a full-color toner image as an intermediate transfer image.
The transfer unit 20 includes a secondary transfer roller 25 that is disposed to face the driving roller 23 via the intermediate transfer belt 21, and a cleaning unit 26 that is disposed to face the driven roller 24 via the intermediate transfer belt 21. have.

  The secondary transfer roller 25 transfers a single-color or full-color toner image (intermediate transfer image) formed on the intermediate transfer belt 21 to a recording medium P such as paper, film, or cloth supplied from the paper supply unit 50. (Secondary transfer). At the time of secondary transfer, the secondary transfer roller 25 is pressed against the intermediate transfer belt 21 and a secondary transfer voltage (secondary transfer bias) is applied. During such secondary transfer, the drive roller 23 also functions as a backup roller for the secondary transfer roller 25.

The cleaning unit 26 has a rubber cleaning blade 261 that abuts on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 21, and the toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 21 after the secondary transfer is scraped off and removed by the cleaning blade 261. It has become.
The fixing unit 30 includes a fixing roller 301 and a pressure roller 302 that is pressed against the fixing roller 301, and is configured such that the recording medium P passes between the fixing roller 301 and the pressure roller 302. Yes. The fixing roller 301 has a built-in heater for heating the outer peripheral surface of the fixing roller, and can heat and press the recording medium P passing therethrough. The fixing unit 30 having such a configuration heats and presses the recording medium P that has received the secondary transfer of the toner image, and fuses the toner image to the recording medium P to fix it as a permanent image.

The conveyance mechanism 40 includes a registration roller pair 41 that conveys the recording medium P while feeding the recording medium P to the secondary transfer portion between the secondary transfer roller 25 and the intermediate transfer belt 21 described above, and fixing by the fixing unit 30. Conveying roller pairs 42, 43, and 44 for nipping and conveying the processed recording medium P are provided.
When such a transport mechanism 40 forms an image on only one surface of the recording medium P, the transport mechanism 40 sandwiches and transports the recording medium P fixed on one surface by the fixing unit 30 by the transport roller pair 42. Then, it is discharged outside the image forming apparatus 1. When forming an image on both surfaces of the recording medium P, the recording medium P fixed on one surface by the fixing unit 30 is once sandwiched by the conveying roller pair 42 and then the conveying roller pair 42 is driven to reverse. Then, the pair of conveying rollers 43 and 44 are driven, the recording medium P is turned upside down and returned to the registration roller pair 41, and an image is formed on the other surface of the recording medium P by the same operation as described above.
The paper feeding unit 50 includes a paper feeding cassette 51 that stores unused recording media P, and a pickup roller 52 that feeds the recording media P from the paper feeding cassette 51 to the registration roller pair 41 one by one. .

(Exposure head)
Here, the exposure head 13 will be described in detail. In the following, for convenience of explanation, the axial direction (first direction) of the photosensitive drum 11 described above is the “main scanning direction”, and the movement direction of the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11 near the portion facing the exposure head 13. A direction (second direction) parallel to is called a “sub-scanning direction”.

The exposure head 13 is disposed to face the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11.
The exposure head 13 includes a lens array (first lens array) 6 ′, a spacer 84, a lens array (second lens array) 6, a light shielding member (first light shielding member) 82, and a diaphragm member (opening). A diaphragm 83, a light shielding member (second light shielding member) 81, and the light emitting element array 7 are housed in the casing 9.

In the exposure head 13, the light L emitted from the light emitting element array 7 is stopped by the stop member 83, and then passes through the lens array 6 ′ and the lens array 6 in this order to irradiate the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11. Is done.
As shown in FIG. 2, each of the lens array 6 and the lens array 6 ′ is composed of a plate-like body whose outer shape is long.

As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of lens surfaces (convex curved surfaces) 62 are formed on the lower surface (incident surface) on which the light L of the lens array 6 is incident. On the other hand, the upper surface (outgoing surface) from which the light L of the lens array 6 is emitted is a flat surface.
That is, in the lens array 6, a plurality of lenses 64, which are planoconvex lenses having a light curved surface on the incident side of the light L and a flat surface on the light emitting side of the light L, are arranged. Here, portions of the lens array 6 other than the lenses 64 constitute a support portion 65 that supports the lenses 64.

Similarly, a plurality of lens surfaces (convex curved surfaces) 62 ′ are formed on the lower surface (incident surface) on which the light L of the lens array 6 ′ is incident, corresponding to the plurality of lens surfaces 62 described above. On the other hand, the upper surface (outgoing surface) from which the light L of the lens array 6 ′ is emitted is a flat surface.
That is, in the lens array 6 ′, a plurality of lenses 64 ′, which are planoconvex lenses having a light curved surface on the incident side of the light L and a flat surface on the light emitting side of the light L, are arranged. Here, the portions other than the lenses 64 ′ of the lens array 6 ′ constitute a support portion 65 ′ that supports the lenses 64 ′.
The corresponding pair of lenses 64 and lens 64 ′ constitute an imaging optical system 60 that forms an image of light emitted from each light emitting element 74 of the corresponding light emitting element group 71.

Hereinafter, the arrangement of the lenses 64 will be described. Note that the arrangement of the lens 64 ′ (arrangement in plan view) is the same as the arrangement of the lens 64, and thus description thereof is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 4, the lenses 64 are arranged in a plurality of rows in the main scanning direction (first direction), and in the sub-scanning direction (second scanning direction orthogonal to the main scanning direction and the optical axis direction of the lens 64, respectively. Multiple lines are arranged in the direction).

  More specifically, the plurality of lenses 64 are arranged in a matrix of 3 rows and n columns (n is an integer of 2 or more). Hereinafter, among the three lenses 64 belonging to one row (lens row), the lens 64 located at the center is referred to as a “lens 64b” and is located on the left side in FIG. 3 (upper side in FIG. 4). The lens 64 is referred to as “lens 64a”, and the lens 64 positioned on the right side in FIG. 3 (lower side in FIG. 4) is referred to as “lens 64c”. In addition, regarding the lens 64 ′ paired with the lens 64, the lens 64 ′ corresponding to the lens 64a is referred to as “lens 64a ′”, the lens 64 ′ corresponding to the lens 64b is referred to as “lens 64b ′”, and the lens 64c. The corresponding lens 64 ′ is referred to as “lens 64c ′”.

In the present embodiment, among the plurality of lenses 64 (64a to 64c) belonging to one row, the lens 64b closest to the center side in the sub-scanning direction is closest to the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11. The exposure head 13 is installed in the image forming apparatus 1 so that Thereby, the setting of the optical characteristics of the plurality of lenses 64 is facilitated.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in each lens row, the lenses 64a to 64c are sequentially arranged at an equal distance in the main scanning direction (right direction in FIG. 4). That is, in each lens row, the line connecting the lens centers of the lenses 64a to 64c is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction.

In the cross section shown in FIG. 3, in the three lenses 64 belonging to one lens row, that is, the lenses 64 a to 64 c, the lens 64 a and the lens 64 c have the optical axes 601 of the lenses 64 a and the optical axes 601 of the lenses 64 b. Are arranged symmetrically. The lenses 64a to 64c are arranged so that their optical axes 601 are parallel to each other.
The constituent material of the lens arrays 6 and 6 ′ is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit the optical characteristics as described above. For example, a resin material and / or a glass material is preferably used. It is done.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a spacer 84 is provided between the lens array 6 and the lens array 6 ′. The lens array 6 and the lens array 6 ′ are bonded via a spacer 84.
The spacer 84 has a function of regulating a gap length that is a distance between the lens array 6 and the lens array 6 ′.

By adjusting the thickness of the spacer 84, the separation distance between the lens 64 and the lens 64 ′ can be adjusted to a desired value.
The spacer 84 has a frame shape so as to correspond to the outer peripheral portion of the lens array 6 and the outer peripheral portion of the lens array 6 ′, and is joined to each of the outer peripheral portions. The spacer 84 is not limited to the above-described frame shape as long as it can perform the above-described function. For example, one of the outer peripheral portions of the lens arrays 6 and 6 ′ facing each other is disposed. It may be configured by a pair of members so as to correspond only to the portion corresponding to the side, or it is configured such that a through-hole corresponding to the optical path is formed in a plate-like member like light shielding members 81 and 83 described later. May be.

The constituent material of the spacer 84 is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit the functions described above, and a resin material, a metal material, a glass material, a ceramic material, or the like can be used.
As shown in FIG. 3, the light emitting element array 7 is installed on the light incident side of the lens array 6 via a light shielding member 82, a diaphragm member 83, and a light shielding member 81. The light emitting element array 7 includes a plurality of light emitting element groups (light emitting element groups) 71 and a support (head substrate) 72.

The support body 72 supports each light emitting element group 71, and is configured by a plate-like body having a long outer shape. The support 72 is disposed in parallel with the lens array 6.
The constituent material of the support 72 is not particularly limited, but when the light emitting element group 71 is provided on the back surface side of the support 72 as in the present embodiment (that is, when a bottom emission type light emitting element is used as the light emitting element 74). ), Transparent materials such as various glass materials and various plastics are preferably used. In addition, when using a top emission type light emitting element as the light emitting element 74, the constituent material of the support body 72 is not limited to the material which has transparency, For example, various metal materials, such as aluminum and stainless steel, various glass A material, various plastics, etc. can be used individually or in combination. When the support body 72 is comprised with various metal materials or various glass materials, the heat which arises by light emission of each light emitting element 74 can be efficiently radiated | emitted via the support body 72. FIG. Moreover, when the support body 72 is comprised with various plastics, it contributes to the weight reduction of the support body 72. FIG.

Further, on the back side of the support 72, a box-shaped storage portion 73 that opens to the support 72 side is installed. In this housing portion 73, a plurality of light emitting element groups 71, conductive wires (not shown) electrically connected to these light emitting element groups 71 (each light emitting element 74), or each light emitting element 74 is driven. A circuit (not shown) is housed.
The plurality of light emitting element groups 71 are arranged in a matrix of 3 rows and n columns (n is an integer equal to or greater than 2) spaced apart from each other, corresponding to the plurality of lenses 64 described above (for example, see FIG. 4). ). Each light emitting element group 71 is composed of a plurality (eight in this embodiment) of light emitting elements 74.

The eight light emitting elements 74 constituting each light emitting element group 71 are arranged along the lower surface 721 of the support 72 shown in FIG. The light L emitted from the eight light emitting elements 74 is condensed (imaged) on the light receiving surface 111 of the photosensitive drum 11 via the corresponding lens 64.
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the eight light emitting elements 74 are spaced apart from each other, arranged in four columns in the main scanning direction, and arranged in two rows in the sub scanning direction. As described above, the eight light emitting elements 74 are arranged in a matrix of 2 rows and 4 columns. Two adjacent light emitting elements 74 belonging to one row (light emitting element row) are arranged shifted in the main scanning direction.

In the eight light emitting elements 74 having a matrix of 2 rows and 4 columns in this way, the light emitting elements 74 adjacent in the main scanning direction are complemented by one light emitting element 74 in the next row.
For example, there is a limit to arranging the eight light emitting elements 74 in one row as densely as possible. However, by arranging the eight light emitting elements 74 to be shifted as described above, the arrangement density of these light emitting elements 74 is reduced. Can be higher. Thereby, when an image is recorded on the recording medium P, the recording density on the recording medium P can be further increased. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the recording medium P having a high resolution, a multi-gradation and a clear image.

The eight light emitting elements 74 belonging to one light emitting element group 71 are arranged in a matrix of 2 rows and 4 columns in the present embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a matrix of 4 rows and 2 columns. May be arranged.
As described above, the plurality of light emitting element groups 71 are spaced apart from each other and arranged in a matrix of 3 rows and n columns. As shown in FIG. 4, the three light emitting element groups 71 belonging to one row (light emitting element group row) are arranged at equal intervals in the main scanning direction (right direction in FIG. 4).

In the light emitting element group 71 having a matrix of 3 rows and n columns in this way, the interval between the adjacent light emitting element groups 71 is set so that the light emitting element group 71 of the next row and the light emitting element group 71 of the next row Complements sequentially.
For example, there is a limit in arranging the plurality of light emitting element groups 71 in one row as densely as possible. However, by arranging the plurality of light emitting element groups 71 so as to be shifted as described above, these light emitting element groups 71 are arranged. The arrangement density of can be made higher. Thereby, coupled with the fact that the eight light-emitting elements 74 in one light-emitting element group 71 are shifted and arranged, when an image is recorded on the recording medium P, the recording density on the recording medium P can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the recording medium P having higher resolution, multi-gradation, good color reproducibility and carrying a clearer image.

Each light emitting element 74 is an organic EL element (organic electroluminescence element) having a bottom emission structure. Note that the light emitting element 74 is not limited to an element having a bottom emission structure, and may be an element having a top emission structure. In this case, as described above, the support 72 is not required to have optical transparency.
When each light emitting element 74 is an organic EL element, the interval (pitch) between the light emitting elements 74 can be set to be relatively small. Thereby, when an image is recorded on the recording medium P, the recording density on the recording medium P becomes relatively high. In addition, each light emitting element 74 can be formed with highly accurate dimensions and positions by using various film forming methods. Therefore, the recording medium P carrying a clearer image can be obtained.

In the present embodiment, each light emitting element 74 is configured to emit red light. The configuration of the light emitting element 74 will be described in detail later.
As shown in FIG. 3, a light shielding member 82, a diaphragm member 83, and a light shielding member 81 are installed between the lens array 6 and the light emitting element array 7.
The light shielding members 81 and 82 prevent crosstalk of the light L between the adjacent light emitting element groups 71, respectively.
In such a light shielding member 81, a plurality of through holes (openings) 811 are formed through the light shielding member 81 in the vertical direction (thickness direction) in FIG. 3. Each of these through holes 811 is disposed at a position corresponding to each lens 64.

Similarly, the light shielding member 82 is formed with a plurality of through holes 821 that penetrate the light shielding member 82 in the vertical direction (thickness direction) in FIG. Each of these through holes 821 is disposed at a position corresponding to each lens 64 described above.
The through holes 811 and 821 each form an optical path from the light emitting element group 71 to the corresponding lens 64. The through holes 811 and 821 each have a circular shape in plan view, and include eight light emitting elements 74 of the light emitting element group 71 corresponding to the through holes 811 and 821 inside.

In addition, although each through-hole 811 and 821 has comprised the cylindrical shape in the structure shown in FIG. 3, it is not limited to this, For example, you may comprise the truncated cone shape expanded toward upper direction.
A diaphragm member 83 is installed between the light shielding members 81 and 82.
The diaphragm member 83 is an aperture diaphragm that limits the light L incident on the lens 64 from the light emitting element group 71 to a predetermined amount.

In particular, the diaphragm member 83 is provided in the vicinity of the front focal plane of the imaging optical system 60. Thereby, the imaging optical system 60 becomes image side telecentric, and even if there is an error due to an attachment error or the like in the distance between the light receiving surface 111 and the exposure head 13, the position of each image of the light emitting elements 74a, 74d, 74b, and 74c. Deviation can be prevented.
The diaphragm member 83 is plate-shaped or layered, and a plurality of through-holes (openings) 831 are formed through the diaphragm member 83 in the vertical direction (thickness direction) in FIG. These through-holes 831 are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the respective lenses 64 (that is, the above-described through-holes 811 and 821).

Further, the through hole 831 of the aperture member 83 is circular in plan view, and the diameter thereof is smaller than the diameter of the through hole 811 of the light shielding member 81 described above.
Such light shielding members 81 and 82 and the diaphragm member 83 also have a function of defining the distance, positional relationship, and posture between the lens array 6 and the support body 72 with high accuracy.
The distance between the lens surface 62 of each lens 64 and the corresponding light emitting element group 71 is an important condition (element) for determining the vertical position in FIG. 3 of the imaging position of the imaging optical system 60 described later. It is. Therefore, as described above, when the light shielding members 81 and 82 and the diaphragm member 83 function also as a spacer that regulates the gap length, which is the distance between the lens array 6 and the light emitting element array 7, with high accuracy, A highly reliable image forming apparatus 1 is obtained.

Moreover, it is preferable that the light shielding members 81 and 82 and the diaphragm member 83 each have a dark color such as black, brown, or amber at least on the inner peripheral surface.
The constituent materials of the light shielding members 81 and 82 and the diaphragm member 83 are not particularly limited as long as they do not transmit light. For example, various colorants, metal materials such as chromium and chromium oxide, Examples thereof include carbon black and a resin kneaded with a colorant.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the lens array 6, the light emitting element array 7, the spacer 84, the light shielding members 81 and 82, and the diaphragm member 83 are collectively stored in the casing 9. The casing 9 includes a frame member (casing body) 91, a lid member (back cover) 92, and a plurality of clamp members 93 that fix the lid member 92 to the frame member 91 (see FIG. 3).
As shown in FIG. 2, the frame member 91 has a long overall shape.

Further, the frame member 91 has a frame shape, and as shown in FIG. 3, the frame member 91 is formed with a lumen portion 911 that opens to the upper side and the lower side thereof. The width of the lumen portion 911 gradually decreases from the lower side to the upper side in FIG.
In the lumen portion 911, the lens array 6 ′, the spacer 84, the lens array 6, the light shielding member 82, the diaphragm member 83, the light shielding member 81, and the light emitting element array 7 are fitted, and these are fixed with, for example, an adhesive. Has been. As a result, the lens array 6 ′, the spacer 84, the lens array 6, the light shielding member 82, the diaphragm member 83, the light shielding member 81, and the light emitting element array 7 are collectively held by the frame member 91. The lens array 6, the light shielding member 82, the diaphragm member 83, the light shielding member 81, and the light emitting element array 7 are positioned in the main scanning direction and the sub scanning direction.

Here, the upper surface 722 of the support 72 of the light emitting element array 7 is in contact with (contacts with) the stepped portion 915 formed on the wall surface of the lumen portion 911 and the lower surface of the second light shielding member 81. Yes. A lid member 92 is fitted into the lumen portion 911 from below.
The lid member 92 is formed of a long member having a recess 922 into which the storage portion 73 is inserted. The upper end surface of the lid member 92 sandwiches the edge portion of the support 72 of the light emitting element array 7 with the boundary portion 915 of the frame member 91.
Further, the lid member 92 is pressed upward by each clamp member 93. Thereby, the lid member 92 is fixed to the frame member 91. Further, the positional relationship between the light emitting element array 7, the light shielding members 81, 82, the diaphragm member 83, and the lens array 6 in the main scanning direction, the sub scanning direction, and the vertical direction in FIG. 3 is fixed by the pressed lid member 92. Is done.

A plurality of clamp members 93 are preferably arranged at equal intervals along the main scanning direction. Thereby, the frame member 91 and the lid member 92 can be uniformly clamped along the main scanning direction.
The clamp member 93 is formed by bending a metal plate. Claw portions 931 are formed at both end portions (left and right end portions in FIG. 3) of the clamp member 93, and each claw portion 931 is engaged with a shoulder portion 916 of the frame member 91, respectively. .

A curved portion 932 that is curved upward in an arch shape is formed in the intermediate portion of the clamp member 93. The top portion of the curved portion 932 is in pressure contact with the lower surface of the lid member 92 in a state where each claw portion 931 is engaged with the shoulder portion 916 as described above. Thereby, the lid member 92 is biased upward in a state where the bending portion 932 is elastically deformed.
In addition, when each clamp member 93 holding the frame member 91 and the lid member 92 is removed, the lid member 92 can be removed from the frame member 91. Thereby, maintenance such as replacement and repair of the light emitting element array 7 can be performed.

Moreover, it does not specifically limit as a constituent material of the frame member 91 and the cover member 92, For example, the constituent material similar to the support body 72 can be used. It does not specifically limit as a constituent material of the clamp member 93, For example, aluminum and stainless steel are mentioned. The clamp member 93 may be made of a hard resin material.
Furthermore, although not shown, spacers that protrude upward are provided at both ends of the frame member 91 in the longitudinal direction. This spacer regulates the distance between the light receiving surface 111 and the lens array 6.

(Light emitting element)
<First Embodiment>
Next, the first embodiment of the light emitting element 74 will be described in detail.
The light emitting element (electroluminescence element) 74 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 5 emits red light.

Such a light emitting element 74 includes an anode 741, a hole injection layer 742, a hole transport layer 743, a light emitting layer (red light emitting layer) 744, a second electron transport layer 745, a first electron transport layer 746, and an electron injection. A layer 747 and a cathode 748 are laminated in this order.
In other words, the light-emitting element 74 includes a hole injection layer 742, a hole transport layer 743, and a light-emitting layer 744 between two electrodes (between the anode 741 and the cathode 748) and from the anode 741 side to the cathode 748 side. A stacked body 749 in which the second electron transport layer 745, the first first electron transport layer 746, and the electron injection layer 747 are stacked in this order is interposed.

The entire light emitting element 74 is provided on the support 72 and is sealed with a sealing member 75.
In such a light emitting element 74, electrons are supplied (injected) from the cathode 748 side to the light emitting layer 744, and holes are supplied (injected) from the anode 741 side. In the light emitting layer 744, holes and electrons are recombined, and excitons (excitons) are generated by energy released upon the recombination, and energy (fluorescence or phosphorescence) is generated when the excitons return to the ground state. Is emitted (emitted). Thereby, the light emitting element 74 emits red light.

  In particular, in the present invention, the light-emitting element 74 includes two electron transport layers (a first electron transport layer 746 and a second electron transport layer 745), and thus, between the cathode 748 and the anode 741. Even when a high current is applied, it is possible to prevent or suppress holes that have passed from the anode 741 side to the cathode 748 side through the light emitting layer 744 and further move to the cathode 748 side. Therefore, even when the light emitting layer emits red light with high luminance, the light emitting element 74 can be prevented from being deteriorated and the life of the light emitting element 74 can be extended.

  Further, since the second electron transport layer 745 includes the second electron transport material having a glass transition temperature of 150 ° C. or higher, electrons are generated at the interface between the light emitting layer 744 and the second electron transport layer 745. Deterioration and deterioration of the electron transport layer (the first electron transport layer 746 and the second electron transport layer 745) due to the retention of the light can be accurately suppressed or prevented. Life can be extended.

Hereinafter, each part which comprises the light emitting element 74 is demonstrated sequentially.
(anode)
The anode 741 is an electrode that injects holes into the hole transport layer 743 through a hole injection layer 742 described later. As a constituent material of the anode 741, it is preferable to use a material having a large work function and excellent conductivity.

Examples of the constituent material of the anode 741 include ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), In ₃ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Sb-containing SnO ₂ , oxides such as Al-containing ZnO, Au, Pt, and Ag. Cu, alloys containing these, and the like can be used, and one or more of these can be used in combination.
The average thickness of the anode 741 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 10 to 200 nm, and more preferably about 50 to 150 nm.

(cathode)
On the other hand, the cathode 748 is an electrode that injects electrons into the first electron transport layer 746 through an electron injection layer 747 described later. As a constituent material of the cathode 748, a material having a small work function is preferably used.
Examples of the constituent material of the cathode 748 include Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, La, Ce, Er, Eu, Sc, Y, Yb, Ag, Cu, Al, Cs, Rb, and alloys containing these. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof (for example, a multi-layer laminate).

In particular, when an alloy is used as the constituent material of the cathode 748, an alloy containing a stable metal element such as Ag, Al, or Cu, specifically, an alloy such as MgAg, AlLi, or CuLi is preferably used. By using such an alloy as a constituent material of the cathode 748, the electron injection efficiency and stability of the cathode 748 can be improved.
The average thickness of the cathode 748 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 100 to 10000 nm, and more preferably about 100 to 500 nm.
In addition, since the light emitting element 74 of this embodiment is a bottom emission type, the cathode 748 is not particularly required to have light transmittance.

(Hole injection layer)
The hole injection layer 742 has a function of improving the hole injection efficiency from the anode 741.
The constituent material (hole injection material) of the hole injection layer 742 is not particularly limited. For example, a compound represented by the following chemical formula (1) (N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-p- Examples thereof include amine compounds such as diaminobenzene) and derivatives thereof, and one or more of them can be used in combination.

  The derivative of the compound represented by the chemical formula (1) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those represented by the following chemical formulas (2) to (10).

The average thickness of such a hole injection layer 742 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 5 to 150 nm, and more preferably about 10 to 100 nm.
Note that the hole injection layer 742 can be omitted.
(Hole transport layer)
The hole transport layer 743 has a function of transporting holes injected from the anode 741 through the hole injection layer 742 to the light emitting layer 744.
The constituent material of the hole transport layer 743 is not particularly limited. For example, amine compounds such as a compound represented by the following chemical formula (11) (N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenylbenzidine) and derivatives thereof A compound is mentioned and 1 type or 2 types or more of these can be used in combination.

  In addition, the derivative of the compound represented by the chemical formula (11) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include compounds represented by the following chemical formulas (12) to (16).

The average thickness of the hole transport layer 743 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 10 to 150 nm, and more preferably about 10 to 100 nm.
Note that the hole transport layer 743 can be omitted.
(Light emitting layer)
In the present embodiment, the light emitting layer 744 includes a red light emitting material that emits red light (emits light having a peak in a wavelength region of 600 nm or more).
The red light emitting material is not particularly limited, and various red fluorescent materials and red phosphorescent materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The red fluorescent material is not particularly limited as long as it emits red fluorescence. For example, a perylene derivative such as a compound represented by the following chemical formula (17) (diindenoperylene derivative), a europium complex, a benzopyran derivative, rhodamine Derivatives, benzothioxanthene derivatives, porphyrin derivatives, Nile red, 2- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -6- (2- (2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl) -1H, 5H-benzo (ij) quinolizin-9-yl) ethenyl) -4H-pyran-4H-ylidene) propanedinitrile (DCJTB), 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (p-dimethyl) Aminostyryl) -4H-pyran (DCM) and the like.

Among these, it is preferable to use a diindenoperylene derivative as the red light emitting material. Thereby, the light emitting layer 744 can emit red light with higher luminance.
The red phosphorescent material is not particularly limited as long as it emits red phosphorescence, and examples thereof include metal complexes such as iridium, ruthenium, platinum, osmium, rhenium, and palladium. Among the ligands of these metal complexes, And those having at least one of phenylpyridine skeleton, bipyridyl skeleton, porphyrin skeleton and the like. More specifically, tris (1-phenylisoquinoline) iridium, bis [2- (2′-benzo [4,5-α] thienyl) pyridinate-N, C ³ ′] iridium (acetylacetonate) (btp2Ir ( acac)), 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-12H, 23H-porphyrin-platinum (II), bis [2- (2′-benzo [4,5-α] thienyl ) Pyridinate-N, C ³ '] iridium, bis (2-phenylpyridine) iridium (acetylacetonate).

In addition to the red light emitting material described above, the light emitting layer 744 may include a host material using a red light emitting material as a guest material.
The host material recombines holes and electrons to generate excitons, and the exciton energy is transferred to the red light-emitting material (Forster transfer or Dexter transfer) to excite the red light-emitting material. Have In the case of using such a host material, for example, a red light-emitting material that is a guest material can be used as a dopant by doping the host material.

Such a host material is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits the above-described function with respect to the red light emitting material to be used. When the red light emitting material includes a red fluorescent material, for example, the following chemical formula (18) ) Naphthacene derivatives, distyrylarylene derivatives, perylene derivatives, distyrylbenzene derivatives, distyrylamine derivatives, quinolinolato metal complexes such as tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum complex (Alq ₃ ), triphenylamine Trimeramine derivatives such as tetramers, oxadiazole derivatives, silole derivatives, dicarbazole derivatives, oligothiophene derivatives, benzopyran derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzoxazole derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, quinoline derivatives, 4,4'-bis (2, '- diphenylvinyl) biphenyl (DPVBi) and the like, may be used singly or in combination of two or more of them.

Among these, a naphthacene derivative is preferably used as the host material for the light-emitting layer 744. In particular, in the case where a diindenoperylene derivative is used as a red light emitting material, if the light emitting layer 744 includes a naphthacene derivative, the light emitting layer 744 can emit red light with higher brightness and higher efficiency.
When the red light emitting material includes a red phosphorescent material, examples of the host material include 3-phenyl-4- (1′-naphthyl) -5-phenylcarbazole, 4,4′-N, N′-dicarbazole. Examples thereof include carbazole derivatives such as biphenyl (CBP), and one or more of these can be used in combination.

When the red light emitting material (guest material) and the host material as described above are used, the content (dope amount) of the red light emitting material in the light emitting layer 744 is preferably 0.01 to 10 wt%, More preferably, it is ˜5 wt%. Luminous efficiency can be optimized by setting the content of the red light emitting material within such a range.
Although the average thickness of such a light emitting layer 744 is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is about 10-150 nm, and it is more preferable that it is about 10-100 nm.

(First electron transport layer)
The first electron transport layer 746 has a function of transporting electrons injected from the cathode 748 through the electron injection layer 747 to the second electron transport layer 745.
Such a first electron transport layer 746 includes an electron transport material that is a nitrogen-containing compound (hereinafter, also referred to as “first electron transport material”).

  The constituent material (first electron transport material) of the first electron transport layer 746 is not particularly limited as long as it contains nitrogen and has an electron transport property. For example, a compound represented by the following chemical formula (19) (BPhen) and amine-based materials (phenanthroline derivatives) such as a compound represented by the following chemical formula (20) (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP)), anthracene or phenylanthracene And azaindolizine derivatives such as compounds represented by the following chemical formula (21), oxadiazole derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, and the like. Alternatively, two or more kinds can be used in combination.

Moreover, it is preferable that the electron transport property of the constituent material of the 1st electron transport layer 746 is higher than the electron transport property of the constituent material of the 2nd electron transport layer 745 mentioned later. Thereby, even if the electron transport property of the constituent material of the second electron transport layer 745 is low, electrons can be smoothly transported from the cathode 748 side to the light emitting layer 744.
From such a viewpoint, it is preferable that the first electron transporting layer 746 includes a phenanthroline derivative represented by the above chemical formula (19) or an azaindolizine derivative. Thereby, the electron transport property of the first electron transport layer 746 can be made excellent. As a result, high efficiency of the light emitting element 74 can be achieved.
The average thickness of the first electron transport layer 746 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 8 to 80 nm, and more preferably about 10 to 50 nm.

(Second electron transport layer)
The second electron transport layer 745 has a function of transporting the electrons injected from the first electron transport layer 746 to the light emitting layer 744.
In the present invention, the second electron transporting material included in the second electron transporting layer 745 is made of a material having a glass transition temperature of 150 ° C. or more different from that of the first electron transporting material described above. Such a second electron transport material is more excellent in heat resistance than the first electron transport material which is a nitrogen-containing compound contained in the first electron transport layer 746.

Here, when electrons stay at the interface between the light emitting layer 744 and the second electron transport layer 745, the vicinity of the interface is heated due to this. In particular, such heating in the vicinity of the interface is more prominently recognized when the light emitting element 74 is applied to an exposure head and a light emission intensity of 20000 cd / m ² or more is required as in this embodiment.
Therefore, the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material are deteriorated and deteriorated by this heating. Thus, the second electron transport material has a glass transition temperature of 150 ° C. or higher. By doing so, the alteration and deterioration of the second electron transport material can be accurately suppressed or prevented.

From such a viewpoint, the second electron transport layer 745 has a glass transition among quinoline derivatives and oxadiazole derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (Alq ₃ ) and its derivatives represented by the following chemical formula (22). What is comprised including at least 1 sort (s) of a point 150 degreeC or more is used. Thereby, the alteration and deterioration of the second electron transport material can be suppressed or prevented more accurately. As a result, the lifetime of the light emitting element 74 can be reliably increased.

Among these, in particular, the second electron transport layer 745 preferably includes tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (Alq ₃ ) represented by the following chemical formula (22). Since tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum is an electron transport material having particularly excellent durability, even if heated at the interface between the light-emitting layer 744 and the second electron transport layer 745, the electron transport ability of the tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum is lowered. Can be surely prevented.

  The thickness of the second electron transport layer 745 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 2 nm to 7 nm, more preferably about 3 nm to 5 nm. By setting the thickness of the second electron transport layer 745 within such a range, the durability of the light-emitting element 74 can be reliably improved without hindering the electron transport property of the first electron transport layer 746. Can do.

  The second electron transport layer 745 is partially provided between the light emitting layer 744 and the first electron transport layer 746, and is formed with the first portion formed in the surface direction. It is preferable that the first part or the second part is formed in a scattered manner. Accordingly, the light emitting layer 744 and the first electron transport layer 746 are in contact with each other through the second electron transport layer 745 in the first part, and the light emitting layer 744 and the first electron transport layer 746 are in contact with each other in the second part. The electron transport layer 746 is in direct contact. That is, the light emitting layer 744 has both a region in contact with the first electron transport layer 746 and a region in contact with the second electron transport layer 745 in the surface direction.

Here, as described above, the first electron transport layer 746 and the second electron transport layer 745 are made of different materials from each other in the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material. ing.
Therefore, if the first part or the second part is formed in a scattered manner, the characteristics of both the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material can be effectively exhibited. Therefore, alteration / deterioration of the electron transport layer (the first electron transport layer 746 and the second electron transport layer 745) caused by electrons staying at the interface between the light emitting layer 744 and the second electron transport layer 745. As a result, the life of the light emitting element 74 can be extended.

In the second electron transport layer 745 having such a structure, the first portion where the second electron transport layer 745 is formed preferably has an island shape. Accordingly, the first portion where the second electron transport layer 745 is formed and the second portion where the second electron transport layer 745 is not formed can be reliably formed, and the second electron transport layer 745 is formed. The light emitting layer 744 and the first electron transporting layer 746 can be reliably brought into contact with each other in the second portion that is not formed.
Further, the first part or the second part where the second electron transport layer 745 is formed has a scattered dot shape, but the first part is provided almost uniformly in the surface direction. It is preferable. As a result, it is possible to reliably prevent variations in the characteristics of each part of the second electron transport layer 745, so that the second electron transport layer 745 is effectively prevented from being locally altered or deteriorated. Can be prevented.

(Electron injection layer)
The electron injection layer 747 has a function of improving the electron injection efficiency from the cathode 748.
Examples of the constituent material (electron injection material) of the electron injection layer 747 include various inorganic insulating materials and various inorganic semiconductor materials.

  Examples of such inorganic insulating materials include alkali metal chalcogenides (oxides, sulfides, selenides, tellurides), alkaline earth metal chalcogenides, alkali metal halides, and alkaline earth metal halides. Of these, one or two or more of these can be used in combination. By forming the electron injection layer using these as main materials, the electron injection property can be further improved. In particular, an alkali metal compound (alkali metal chalcogenide, alkali metal halide, or the like) has a very small work function, and the light-emitting element 74 can obtain high luminance by forming the electron injection layer 747 using the work function. Become.

Examples of the alkali metal chalcogenide include Li ₂ O, LiO, Na ₂ S, Na ₂ Se, and NaO.
Examples of the alkaline earth metal chalcogenide include CaO, BaO, SrO, BeO, BaS, MgO, and CaSe.
Examples of the alkali metal halide include CsF, LiF, NaF, KF, LiCl, KCl, and NaCl.
Examples of the alkaline earth metal halide include CaF ₂ , BaF ₂ , SrF ₂ , MgF ₂ , and BeF ₂ .

In addition, as the inorganic semiconductor material, for example, an oxide including at least one element of Li, Na, Ba, Ca, Sr, Yb, Al, Ga, In, Cd, Mg, Si, Ta, Sb, and Zn , Nitrides, oxynitrides, and the like, and one or more of these can be used in combination.
The average thickness of the electron injection layer 747 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 to 1000 nm, more preferably about 0.2 to 100 nm, and about 0.2 to 50 nm. Further preferred.

(Sealing member)
The sealing member 75 is provided so as to cover the anode 741, the stacked body 749, and the cathode 748, and has a function of hermetically sealing them and blocking oxygen and moisture. By providing the sealing member 75, effects such as improvement of the reliability of the light emitting element 74 and prevention of deterioration / deterioration (improvement of durability) can be obtained.

Examples of the constituent material of the sealing member 75 include Al, Au, Cr, Nb, Ta, Ti, alloys containing these, silicon oxide, various resin materials, and the like. Note that in the case where a conductive material is used as a constituent material of the sealing member 75, it is necessary between the sealing member 75 and the anode 741, the stacked body 749, and the cathode 748 to prevent a short circuit. Accordingly, it is preferable to provide an insulating film.
Further, the sealing member 75 may be formed in a flat plate shape so as to face the support 72 and be sealed with a sealing material such as a thermosetting resin.

  According to the light emitting element 74 configured as described above, the cathode 748 has the two electron transport layers (the first electron transport layer 746 and the second electron transport layer 745) as described above. Even when a high current is passed between the anode 741 and the anode 741, it is possible to prevent or suppress the holes that have passed from the anode 741 side through the light emitting layer 744 to the cathode 748 side and further move to the cathode 748 side. Therefore, even when the light emitting layer emits red light with high luminance, the light emitting element 74 can be prevented from being deteriorated and the life of the light emitting element 74 can be extended.

Moreover, the exposure head 13 provided with such a light emitting element 74 has a long life and can perform exposure processing with high resolution.
Further, the image forming apparatus 1 including such an exposure head 13 can obtain a high-quality image, and is excellent in reliability.
The light emitting element 74 as described above can be manufactured, for example, as follows.

[1] First, a support 72 is prepared, and an anode 741 is formed on the support 72.
The anode 741 is, for example, a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) such as plasma CVD or thermal CVD, a dry plating method such as vacuum deposition, a wet plating method such as electrolytic plating, a thermal spraying method, a sol-gel method, a MOD method, or a metal foil. It can be formed by using, for example, bonding.
[2] Next, the hole injection layer 742 is formed on the anode 741.
The hole injection layer 742 can be formed by, for example, a vapor phase process using a CVD method, a dry plating method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, or the like.
In addition, the hole injection layer 742 is dried (desolvent or desolvent) after supplying the hole injection layer forming material obtained by, for example, dissolving the hole injection material in a solvent or dispersing in a dispersion medium onto the anode 741. It can also be formed by using a dispersion medium.

As a method for supplying the hole injection layer forming material, for example, various coating methods such as a spin coating method, a roll coating method, and an ink jet printing method can be used. By using such a coating method, the hole injection layer 742 can be formed relatively easily.
Examples of the solvent or dispersion medium used for the preparation of the hole injection layer forming material include various inorganic solvents, various organic solvents, or mixed solvents containing these.
The drying can be performed, for example, by standing in an atmospheric pressure or a reduced pressure atmosphere, heat treatment, or blowing an inert gas.

Prior to this step, the upper surface of the anode 741 may be subjected to oxygen plasma treatment. Thus, the upper surface of the anode 741 can be made lyophilic, organic substances adhering to the upper surface of the anode 741 can be removed (washed), the work function near the upper surface of the anode 741 can be adjusted, and the like. .
Here, the oxygen plasma treatment conditions include, for example, a plasma power of about 100 to 800 W, an oxygen gas flow rate of about 50 to 100 mL / min, a conveyance speed of the member to be treated (anode 741) of about 0.5 to 10 mm / sec, and a support. The temperature of the body 72 is preferably about 20 to 90 ° C.

[3] Next, the hole transport layer 743 is formed on the hole injection layer 742.
The hole transport layer 743 can be formed by, for example, a vapor phase process using a CVD method, a dry plating method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, or the like.
Further, by supplying a hole transport layer forming material obtained by dissolving a hole transport material in a solvent or dispersing in a dispersion medium onto the hole injection layer 742, the material is dried (desolvent or dedispersion medium). Can also be formed.

[4] Next, the light emitting layer 744 is formed on the hole transport layer 743.
The light emitting layer 744 can be formed by, for example, a vapor phase process using a CVD method, a dry plating method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, or the like.
[5] Next, a second electron transporting layer 745 is formed on the light emitting layer 744.
The second electron transport layer 745 can be formed by, for example, a vapor phase process using a CVD method, a dry plating method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, or the like.
The second electron-transport layer 745 is formed by supplying a material for forming an electron-transport layer formed by, for example, dissolving an electron-transport material in a solvent or dispersing in a dispersion medium onto the light-emitting layer 744 and then drying (desolvent or solvent removal). It can also be formed by dedispersing medium).

[6] Next, the first electron transport layer 746 is formed on the second electron transport layer 745.
The first electron transport layer 746 can be formed by, for example, a vapor phase process using a CVD method, a dry plating method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, or the like.
The first electron transport layer 746 is formed by supplying an electron transport layer forming material obtained by, for example, dissolving an electron transport material in a solvent or dispersing in a dispersion medium onto the second electron transport layer 745, and then drying the material. It can also be formed by (desolvent or dedispersing medium).

[7] Next, an electron injection layer 747 is formed on the first electron transport layer 746.
When an inorganic material is used as the constituent material of the electron injection layer 747, the electron injection layer 747 can be formed by, for example, a vapor phase process using a CVD method, a dry plating method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, or applying and baking inorganic fine particle ink. Etc. can be used.
[8] Next, the cathode 748 is formed on the electron injection layer 747.
The cathode 748 can be formed using, for example, a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, bonding of metal foil, application and baking of metal fine particle ink, or the like.
The light emitting element 74 is obtained through the steps as described above.
Finally, a sealing member 75 is placed so as to cover the obtained light emitting element 74 and bonded to the support 72.

In the present embodiment, the light-emitting element 74 as described above has been described with respect to the case where the light-emitting layer 744 is mainly made of a red light-emitting material and emits red light. However, the present invention is not limited to this case. It may be composed mainly of a green light emitting material and emit green light, or may be composed mainly of a blue light emitting material and emit blue light. Furthermore, each of the red, green, and blue light emitting layers may be formed of a laminated body that is sequentially laminated, thereby emitting white light.
In this case, examples of the green light emitting material include various green fluorescent materials and green phosphorescent materials, and one or more of these can be used in combination.

  The green fluorescent material is not particularly limited as long as it emits green fluorescence. For example, coumarin derivatives, quinacridones such as quinacridone derivatives represented by the following chemical formula (23) and derivatives thereof, 9,10-bis [(9- Ethyl-3-carbazole) -vinylenyl] -anthracene, poly (9,9-dihexyl-2,7-vinylenefluorenylene), poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- ( 1,4-diphenylene-vinylene-2-methoxy-5- {2-ethylhexyloxy} benzene)], poly [(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-divinylenefluorenylene) -ortho-co- (2 -Methoxy-5- (2-ethoxylhexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene)] and the like.

The green phosphorescent material is not particularly limited as long as it emits green phosphorescence, and examples thereof include metal complexes such as iridium, ruthenium, platinum, osmium, rhenium, palladium, and the like. tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium (Ir (ppy) 3), bis (2-phenyl-pyridinium sulfonate -N, ^{C 2} ') iridium (acetylacetonate), fac - tris [5-fluoro-2- (5 -Trifluoromethyl-2-pyridine) phenyl-C, N] iridium and the like.
Examples of the blue light emitting material include various blue fluorescent materials and blue phosphorescent materials, and one or a combination of two or more of these can be used.

  The blue fluorescent material is not particularly limited as long as it emits blue fluorescence. For example, a distyrylamine derivative such as a distyryldiamine compound represented by the following chemical formula (24), a fluoranthene derivative, a pyrene derivative, perylene And perylene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, benzoxazole derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, chrysene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, distyrylbenzene derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene, 4,4'-bis (9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)- 1,1′-biphenyl (BCzVBi), poly [(9.9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (2,5-dimethoxybenzene-1,4-diyl)], poly [(9, 9-dihexyloxyfluorene-2,7-di ) -Ortho-co- (2-methoxy-5- {2-ethoxyhexyloxy} phenylene-1,4-diyl)], poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (Ethylnylbenzene)] and the like.

The blue phosphorescent material is not particularly limited as long as it emits blue phosphorescence. Examples thereof include metal complexes such as iridium, ruthenium, platinum, osmium, rhenium, and palladium. Specifically, bis [4 , 6-difluorophenyl pyridinium sulfonate -N, ^{C 2} '] - picolinate - iridium, tris [2- (2,4-difluorophenyl) pyridinate -N, ^{C 2']} iridium, bis [2- (3,5 - trifluoromethyl) pyridinate -N, ^{C 2} '] - picolinate - iridium, bis (4,6-difluorophenyl pyridinium sulfonate -N, ^{C 2')} iridium (acetylacetonate) and the like.

<Second Embodiment>
Next, a second embodiment of the light emitting element 74 will be described.
Hereinafter, although the light emitting element 74 concerning 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated, it demonstrates centering around difference with the said 1st Embodiment, and abbreviate | omits the description about the same matter.
The light-emitting element 74 according to the present embodiment is different in the configuration of the second electron transport layer 745 included in the light-emitting element 74, that is, the second electron transport layer 745 is different from the second electron transport material. This is the same as the first embodiment except that the above-described electron transport material is further included.
The third electron transport material is not particularly limited as long as it is different from the second electron transport material, and the same constituent material as that of the first electron transport layer 746 described above can be used.

As in this embodiment, the third electron transport material has a characteristic that the second electron transport layer 745 includes the third electron transport material by further including a third electron transport material different from the second electron transport material. Can be granted.
If the same electron transport material as the second electron transport material is selected as the third electron transport material and a material having a glass transition temperature of 150 ° C. or higher is selected, the second electron transport layer 745 can be more reliably formed. It can be excellent in heat resistance (durability).

Further, if the same electron transport material as the first electron transport material or the same electron transport material is selected as the third electron transport material, for example, the electron transport property is higher, the second electron transport material is selected. The electron-transport property in the layer 745 can be further improved.
The thickness of the second electron transport layer 745 is preferably about 2 nm or more and 10 nm or less, and more preferably about 4 nm or more and 8 nm or less. Accordingly, the durability of the light-emitting element can be reliably improved without hindering the electron transport property of the first electron transport layer 746, and the second electron transport material and the third electron transport material can be improved. The characteristic which both have can be exhibited reliably.

As mentioned above, although the light emitting element, electronic device, and electronic device of this invention were demonstrated based on embodiment of illustration, this invention is not limited to these.
For example, an arbitrary layer may be added between each layer on the anode side with respect to the light emitting layer and between each layer on the cathode side with respect to the first electron transport layer.
In addition, the electronic device of the present invention is not limited to being applied to an exposure head, but can be applied to a display device or a lighting device.

  Furthermore, when the electronic device of the present invention is applied to a display device, the electronic apparatus of the present invention is, for example, a personal computer (mobile personal computer), a mobile phone, a digital still camera, a television, a video camera, or a viewfinder type. , Monitor direct-view video tape recorder, laptop personal computer, car navigation system, pager, electronic notebook (including communication function), electronic dictionary, calculator, electronic game device, word processor, workstation, video phone, crime prevention TV monitors, electronic binoculars, POS terminals, devices equipped with touch panels (for example, cash dispensers of financial institutions, automatic ticket vending machines), medical devices (for example, electronic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, blood glucose meters, electrocardiographs, ultrasonic diagnostic devices, Endoscopy display device), fish Detector, various measuring instruments, gages (e.g., gages for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), a flight simulator, various monitors, and a projection display such as a projector.

Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described.
1. Production of light emitting device (Example 1)
<1> First, a transparent glass substrate having an average thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared. Next, an ITO electrode (anode) having an average thickness of 100 nm was formed on the substrate by sputtering.
And after immersing a board | substrate in order of acetone and 2-propanol and ultrasonically cleaning, the oxygen plasma process was performed.

<2> Next, on the ITO electrode, a hole injection layer having an average thickness of 50 nm composed of the compound represented by the chemical formula (7) described above was formed using a vacuum deposition method.
<3> Next, on the hole injection layer, a hole transport layer having an average thickness of 20 nm composed of the compound represented by the chemical formula (13) described above was formed using a vacuum deposition method.
<4> Next, on the hole transport layer, a light emitting layer (red light emitting layer) having an average thickness of 40 nm composed of the constituent materials of the light emitting layer described below was formed using a vacuum deposition method.
Here, as the constituent material of the light emitting layer, the compound represented by the chemical formula (17) described above (diindenoperylene derivative) is used as the red light emitting material (guest material), and the chemical formula (18) described above is used as the host material. (Naphthacene derivative) was used. Further, the content (dope concentration) of the red light emitting material (dopant) in the light emitting layer was 1.0 wt%.

<5> Next, a second electron having an average thickness of 5 nm is formed on the light-emitting layer using the constituent material of the second electron transport layer (second electron transport material) shown below by using a vacuum deposition method. A transport layer was formed.
Here, as the second electron transporting material, the compound (Alq ₃ ; glass transition point 150 ° C.) represented by the chemical formula (22) described above was used.
<6> Next, on the second electron transport layer, an average thickness of 25 nm composed of a constituent material (first electron transport material) of the first electron transport layer shown below using a vacuum deposition method is used. A first electron transport layer was formed.
Here, as the constituent material of the first electron transport material, the compound represented by the chemical formula (21) described above was used.

<7> Next, an electron injection layer having an average thickness of 1 nm and made of lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed on the first electron transport layer using a vacuum deposition method.
<8> Next, a cathode having an average thickness of 150 nm made of Al was formed on the electron injection layer using a vacuum deposition method.
<9> Next, a glass protective cover (sealing member) was placed over the formed layers, and fixed and sealed with an epoxy resin.
Through the above steps, a light emitting device as shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured.

(Example 2)
In the step <5>, the constituent material of the second electron transport layer is represented by the compound (Alq ₃ ) (second electron transport material) represented by the chemical formula (22) described above and the chemical formula (21) described above. A second electron transport layer having an average thickness of 10 nm is formed using a mixed material with the compound (second electron transport material) to be obtained, and in the step <6>, the first electron transport layer is A light emitting device shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness was 20 nm.
The mixing ratio of the compound represented by the chemical formula (22) and the compound represented by the chemical formula (19) in the mixed material was 1: 1 by weight.

(Example 3)
In the step <5>, a second electron transport layer composed of the compound (Alq ₃ ) represented by the chemical formula (22) described above is formed with an average thickness of 1 nm, and in the step <6> A light emitting device shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the first electron transport layer was formed with an average thickness of 29 nm.

Example 4
In the step <5>, the second electron transport layer composed of the compound (Alq ₃ ) represented by the chemical formula (22) described above is formed with an average thickness of 10 nm, and in the step <6> The light emitting device shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the first electron transport layer was formed with an average thickness of 20 nm.

(Comparative Example 1)
The same as in Example 1 except that the formation of the second electron transport layer in the step <5> is omitted and the thickness of the first electron transport layer formed in the step <6> is 30 nm. Thus, the light emitting device shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured.
(Comparative Example 2)
In the step <5>, as a constituent material of the second electron transport layer, instead of the compound (Alq ₃ ) represented by the above chemical formula (22), a compound (BCP; glass represented by the above chemical formula (20)) The light emitting device shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the second electron transport layer was formed using a transition point of 80 ° C.

2. Evaluation A current of 200 mA / cm ² was passed between the anode and the cathode by a DC power source for each of the light emitting devices of each example and each of the comparative examples, and the voltage applied to the light emitting device and the light emitted from the light emitting device were measured. Luminance and chromaticity (x, y) were measured.
In addition, for each of the light-emitting elements of each example and each comparative example, a current was passed through the light-emitting elements so that the luminance was 20000 cd / m ^2, and the time (LT90) until 90% of the initial luminance was measured. .
These results are shown in Table 1.

As can be seen from Table 1, the light emitting device of each example has a long lifetime because the second electron transport material contained in the second electron transport layer is Alq ₃ having a glass transition point of 150 ° C. or higher. We were able to plan. At this time, light having a luminance necessary for exposing the photosensitive member was obtained without being affected by the configuration in which the second electron transport layer having such a configuration was provided.
On the other hand, the light emitting device of each comparative example had low durability (life characteristics) compared to the light emitting device of each example.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Image forming apparatus 6 ... 2nd lens array 6 '... 1st lens array 60, 60a, 60b, 60c ... Imaging optical system 601 ... Optical axis 62, 62', 62A ... Lens surface 62a, 62b, 62c , 62d, 62e ... regions 64, 64 ', 64A, 64a, 64a', 64b, 64b ', 64c, 64c' ... lens 65, 65 '... lens support 7 ... light emitting element array 71 ... light emitting element group (light emitting element group) 72) Supporting body (head substrate) 721 ... Lower surface 722 ... Upper surface 73 ... Storage part 74, 74a, 74b, 74c, 74d ... Light emitting element 81 ... First light shielding member 82 ... Second light shielding member 83 ... Diaphragm member 811, 821, 831 ... through hole 84 ... spacer 9 ... casing 91 ... frame member (casing body) 911 ... lumen portion 915 ... boundary (step) 916 ... Shoulder 92 ... Cover member (back cover) 922 ... Recessed portion 93 ... Clamp member 931 ... Claw portion 932 ... Curved portion 10 ... Image forming unit 10C, 10K, 10M, 10Y ... Image forming station 11 ... Photosensitive drum (photosensitive) 111) Light receiving surface 12 ... Charging unit 13 ... Exposure head 14 ... Developing device 15 ... Cleaning unit 151 ... Cleaning blade 20 ... Transfer unit 21 ... Intermediate transfer belt 22 ... Primary transfer roller 23 ... Drive roller 24 ... Driven roller 25 ... Secondary transfer roller 26 ... Cleaning unit 261 ... Cleaning blade 30 ... Fixing unit 301 ... Fixing roller 302 ... Pressure roller 40 ... Conveying mechanism 41 ... Registration roller pair 42, 43, 44 ... Conveying roller pair 50 ... Feeding unit 51 ... Paper cassette G 52 ... Pick-up roller a ... Passing area P ... Recording medium 741 ... Anode 742 ... Hole injection layer 743 ... Hole transport layer 744 ... Light emitting layer 745 ... Second electron transport layer 746 ... First Electron transport layer 747 ... Electron injection layer 748 ... Cathode 75 ... Sealing member 749 ... Laminate

Claims (11)

A cathode,
The anode,
A light emitting layer provided between the cathode and the anode and emitting light by application of a voltage;
A first electron transport layer provided between the light emitting layer and the cathode and configured to include a first electron transport material which is a nitrogen-containing compound;
A second electron transporting material provided between the light emitting layer and the first electron transporting layer and including a second electron transporting material having a glass transition temperature of 150 ° C. or more different from that of the first electron transporting material; A light emitting element comprising: an electron transport layer.   The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second electron transport material is tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum.   3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second electron transport layer is mainly composed of the second electron transport material and has a thickness of 2 nm or more and 7 nm or less.   3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second electron transport layer includes a third electron transport material different from the second electron transport material.   The light emitting device according to claim 4, wherein the second electron transport layer is mainly composed of the second electron transport material and the third electron transport material, and has a thickness of 2 nm or more and 10 nm or less.   The light-emitting element according to claim 4, wherein the third electron transport material is the same type or the same as the first electron transport material. The light emitting layer is composed of a red light emitting material that emits red light and emits mainly red light,
The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the red light emitting material is a diindenoperylene derivative.   Furthermore, the said light emitting layer is a light emitting element of Claim 7 comprised including the naphthacene derivative.   The light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first electron transporting layer includes an azaindolizine derivative or a phenanthroline derivative.   An electronic device comprising the light emitting element according to claim 1.   An electronic apparatus comprising the electronic device according to claim 10.

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