JP2011130668A - Field crop harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a field crop harvester that has reduced constitution parts, prevents reduction in qualities of field crops, grinds substandard field crops, reduces risks of weeding and insect pest. <P>SOLUTION: The field crop harvester 1 includes a separation means 4 for separating field crops dug from a previously constructed seeding bed from foreign substances, and a grinding means 5 that is arranged below the separation means 4 and grinds substandard field crops and soil mass in the separated foreign substances. The grinding means 5 has a plurality of a pair of grinding rollers 52 and 52 arranged in parallel rotatably in mutually winding directions in which winding projected lines 53 in parallel with the central axes of the grinding rollers are protrusively formed on the outer peripheral surface of at least one grinding roller 52 in each of the grinding rollers 52 and 52. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a crop harvester that harvests crops from a seed bed from which large stones and soil blocks have been removed in advance.

  Conventionally, potatoes such as potatoes are cultivated with crops such as earth and sand, stones, soil clumps, foliage, weeds, and non-standard crops. Of these, stones and soil blocks are known to hinder the growth of crops and cause malformation of crops in the cage. In addition, when harvesting crops, stones and soil blocks collide with the crops and damage them, causing the quality of the crops to deteriorate.

  Therefore, in recent years, a cultivation method has been proposed in which a sowing bed from which large stones and soil blocks have been removed in advance is sown before sowing. According to this cultivation method, since there are no large stones or earth clumps in the straw, the harvester may be provided with a device for separating relatively small impurities from the crops. As such a separating device, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-106729 discloses a foreign substance separation provided with a feed roller having a needle-like projection on its surface and a separation roller that rotates in a direction opposite to the feed roller. An apparatus is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

JP 2000-106729 A

  However, in the conventional separation apparatus including the invention described in Patent Document 1, small crops that are out of specification are often dropped to the field. For this reason, for example, if a small potato (also called a field potato) is left in a potato field, it may overwinter and bud in the following year. Therefore, when another crop is cultivated by crop rotation, there is a problem that these wild potatoes become weeds and take away soil nutrients. In addition, seed potatoes are usually sterilized for prevention of disease, but stray potatoes are not sterilized, which increases the risk of causing pests in the field.

  On the other hand, in order to reduce the number of wild potatoes, a method of selecting and storing on the harvester and discharging it outside the field can be considered. However, in this case, a configuration for sorting the wild potatoes on the harvester, a tank that can discharge the stored wild potatoes, and the like are required, and there is a problem that the configuration of the harvester becomes complicated. In addition, as the number of components of the harvesting machine increases, crops are damaged at the drop between the components and the transfer direction switching unit, so that there is a problem that the quality deteriorates.

  The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and reduces the quality of crops by reducing the number of components, and pulverizes non-standard crops to produce weeds and pests. The purpose is to provide a crop harvesting machine that can reduce the risk of causing cropping.

  A crop harvesting machine according to the present invention is a crop harvesting machine provided with a separating means for separating a crop dug up from a pre-prepared sowing bed and foreign matter, and below the separating means, the separated dust is separated. There are provided pulverizing means for pulverizing non-standard agricultural products and soil blocks, and the pulverizing means has a plurality of pairs of pulverizing rollers arranged in parallel so as to be rotatable in the winding direction. On the outer peripheral surface of at least one of the pulverizing roller pairs, a winding convex line parallel to the axis is formed to protrude.

  In the present invention, the pair of pulverizing rollers may be made of an elastic material, and may be provided at an interval that allows a dust that cannot be pulverized to pass therethrough and fall.

  Further, in the present invention, the winding convex line is formed on both of the pair of grinding rollers, and each grinding roller has each winding convex line of one grinding roller and the other grinding. The roller may be synchronously rotated so as to enter between the winding convex lines of the roller.

  In the present invention, the separating means includes a plurality of paired front and rear conveying roller pairs that rotate in the conveyance direction of the agricultural product, and a separation roller that is arranged in parallel between the conveying roller pairs and rotates in the reverse direction. Each of the pair of conveying rollers is configured by stacking a plurality of scraper disks having rotating radial protrusions protruding in the radial direction in the axial direction with a spacer interposed therebetween, and each of these scraper disks forms a pair. The other scraper discs may be disposed so as to overlap each other, and the front conveyance roller may be pivotally supported at a position higher than the rear conveyance roller in the conveyance direction.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while reducing the quality of a crop by reducing a structure part, the risk of grind | pulverizing a non-standard crop and making it a weed or generating a pest can be reduced.

It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of the crop harvesting machine which concerns on this invention. It is a partial cross section side view showing the crop harvesting machine of this embodiment. It is the partial omission perspective view which looked at the crop harvester of this embodiment from back. It is a side view which shows the isolation | separation means and crushing means of this embodiment. It is a top view which shows a part of separation means of this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the crushing means of this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the other Example of the grinding | pulverization means of this embodiment. In this embodiment, it is a perspective view which shows the state which rotated the container frame upwards. It is a front view of FIG. It is a figure which shows a mode that the grinding | pulverization means of this embodiment grinds impurities.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a crop harvesting machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a crop harvesting machine 1 of this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional side view showing a cross section of a separating means and a pulverizing means of this embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the crop harvesting machine 1 of the present embodiment mainly includes digging means 2 for digging potatoes from the field, a rear conveyor 3 for conveying the digged potatoes backward, Separation means 4 for separating the crops and impurities in the basket, pulverization means 5 for crushing the small impurities separated by the separation means 4, and an upper conveyor 6 for conveying the crops separated by the separation means 4 upward A front conveyor 7 that forwards the crops conveyed from the upper conveyor 6, a sorting stage 8 provided on the side of the front conveyor 7, and a crop conveyed from the front conveyor 7 A sorting conveyor 9 for sorting in a direction, a storage container 10 for storing crops conveyed from the sorting conveyor 9, and a container frame 11 for placing the storage container 10 thereon. There. Hereinafter, each component will be described in detail.

  The crop harvesting machine 1 of the present embodiment is a towed multi-hull harvesting type that can be harvested simultaneously from two hulls, but is not limited to this type. That is, the crop harvesting machine 1 of the present embodiment may be a self-propelled type or a type of harvesting machine that can harvest only one basket at a time as long as it is premised on harvesting from a pre-constructed sowing bed. .

  The digging means 2 is for digging the straw from the field. In this embodiment, the digging means 2 has a lead roller 21 that moves up and down along the undulations of the ridge and a digging blade 22 that digs the ridge as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Then, by adjusting the distance between the lead roller 21 and the digging blade 22, the digging depth is kept constant, and digging with less damage to the crops and less digging remains is realized.

  The rear conveying conveyor 3 is for conveying the dug out cages to the rear. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the rear transfer conveyor 3 is inclined obliquely upward toward the direction (backward) opposite to the traveling direction of the crop harvesting machine 1, and the digging blade 22 is provided at the lower end thereof. Is provided. In addition, side plates 31 are erected at both end portions of the rear conveyor 3 so as to prevent the dug out crops from falling off.

  In the present embodiment, the rear transfer conveyor 3 is configured with a plurality of conveyor rods 32 having a predetermined interval in a loop shape, and is rotated rearward. Moreover, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the stalk and leaf guide 33 which guides the stalk and leaf of agricultural products is provided in the terminal part of the back conveyance conveyor 3. As shown in FIG. Then, the foliage guided to the foliage guide 33 is pulled out from the crop by the cage roller 34 and the snapping roller 35 and is discharged below the rear conveyor 3.

  The separation means 4 is for separating the agricultural products in the dug out from the impurities. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the separating unit 4 includes a plurality of paired front and rear transport rollers 41 and 41 that rotate in the transport direction of the crop. Further, a separation roller 42 that is arranged in parallel between the pair of conveyance rollers 41 and 41 and rotates in the direction opposite to the conveyance roller 41 is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, each transport roller 41 includes a plurality of scraper disks 43 each having a rotating radial protrusion 43 a that protrudes in the radial direction from the axial center and overlaps in the axial direction with a spacer 44 interposed therebetween. Is configured. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the scraper disks 43 of the pair of transport roller pairs 41 and 41 are provided so as to overlap each other along the respective axial centers. That is, one scraper disk 43 enters the position of the paired spacer 44 and is alternately stacked. On the other hand, the separation roller 42 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape so as to reduce damage to the crops.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the front transport roller 41 in the transport direction is pivotally supported at a position higher than the rear transport roller 41. For this reason, since each rotation radial protrusion 43a of the back conveyance roller 41 acts first and digs up, it prevents that crops are accidentally bitten between the conveyance rollers 41. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, each set including the conveyance roller pairs 41 and 41 and the separation roller 42 is gradually lowered toward the rear, so that the agricultural products are easily conveyed rearward.

  The pulverizing means 5 is for pulverizing small agricultural products and soil blocks that are out of specification. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the pulverizing means 5 is provided below the separating means 4, and pulverizes the foreign matter screened off from the separating means 4. As shown in FIG. 4, a scattering prevention plate 51 is provided between the separating unit 4 and the pulverizing unit 5 to prevent foreign matters from scattering.

  In this embodiment, the crushing means 5 has five pairs of crushing roller pairs 52, 52 arranged in parallel so as to be rotatable in the winding direction as shown in FIGS. Each of the crushing roller pairs 52, 52 is formed of an elastic material and is configured to be driven in conjunction with a gear or the like. Further, of the pair of crushing roller pairs 52, 52, the outer circumferential surface of the crushing roller 52 in the rear row has 6 convex winding lines 53 forming a convex line parallel to the axial center at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction. This protrusion is formed. In addition, although the convex line 53 for winding of this embodiment is continuously formed in the axial direction, it is not restricted to this and may be divided on the way.

  In the present embodiment, the pair of crushing rollers 52 and 52 are arranged at an interval at which impurities that cannot be crushed are allowed to pass downward and be dropped, thereby preventing biting of pebbles and the like. ing. For example, when the grinding roller 52 having a diameter of 86 mm is used, it is preferable to set the interval between the rollers to about 14 mm. This is because if the interval is too narrow, the biting rate of pebbles and the like is increased and the efficiency is lowered, whereas if the interval is too wide, the crushing ability is reduced.

  In the present embodiment, as a countermeasure for the case where the foreign matter is bitten, a safety clutch (not shown) is provided when mechanically driven, and it is driven hydraulically. Is equipped with a reverse drive device (not shown) combining a direction switching valve and a pressure switch.

  In addition, the shape, number, and arrangement of the winding convex lines 53 are not limited to the above-described configuration as long as non-standard crops and soil blocks can be crushed. For example, the winding convex line 53 may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of at least one of the pulverizing rollers 52 and 52, but may be formed on both pulverizing rollers 52. However, in this case, the gap between the pulverizing rollers 52 becomes large, and there is a risk that non-standard crops may be pulverized. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 7, each crushing roller 52 is placed so that each winding convex line 53 of one crushing roller 52 enters between each winding convex line 53 of the other crushing roller 52. What is necessary is just to rotate synchronously.

  The upper conveying conveyor 6 is for conveying the crops separated by the separating means 4 upward. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the upper conveyor 6 has a loop-shaped conveyor belt 61 stretched from below to above, and a plurality of conveyor belts 61 are arranged at equal intervals on the conveyor belt 61. A transport plate 62 is provided. Then, by rotating clockwise in FIG. 2, the agricultural products are placed on the respective transport plates 62 and transported upward.

  The front conveyance conveyor 7 is for conveying the agricultural products conveyed upward to the front. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the front conveyor 7 has a loop-shaped conveyor belt 71 stretched from the rear to the front. Then, the rear end portion is arranged so as to enter below the upper end portion of the upper transport conveyor 6, and the front end portion thereof is arranged above the sorting conveyor 9.

  In addition, since the crop harvesting machine 1 of this embodiment is a type which harvests two strawberries simultaneously, the upper conveyance conveyor 6 and the front conveyance conveyor 7 are arrange | positioned in parallel at 2 rows on either side, respectively. However, it is not limited to this configuration, and the number and shape of each conveyor may be changed according to the harvest amount.

  The sorting stage 8 is for an operator to perform sorting work on the crop harvesting machine 1. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the sorting stage 8 is provided on the side of the front transfer conveyor 7, so that the worker can carry out the sorting operation of the crops conveyed by the front transfer conveyor 7. It has been adjusted.

  In addition, since the crop harvesting machine 1 of this embodiment is a type which harvests 2 straw simultaneously, the sorting operation which can be performed on the sorting stage 8 is limited to a so-called rough sorting operation. In other words, it is only necessary to sort out and remove unnecessary soil blocks, diseased and malformed crops, cut crops, foliage, etc., and non-standard crops or crops that have been bruised are separated from the storage container 10 separately. It is necessary to select carefully by line.

  The distribution conveyor 9 is for distributing the agricultural products conveyed from the front conveyance conveyor 7 to the left and right storage containers 10. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the distribution conveyor 9 has a loop-shaped conveyor belt 91 stretched in the left-right direction, and the left and right end portions of the storage container 10 are arranged on the left and right, respectively. It is extended to the department. Further, the sorting conveyor 9 is configured to be able to rotate forward and backward, and the storage container 10 to be loaded can be selected by switching the rotation direction.

  The storage container 10 is for storing the harvested crops. In the conventional harvesting machine, generally, the agricultural products are accumulated in a storage tank or the like provided, and then transferred to the storage container 10 separately. However, in this embodiment, in order to reduce the number of crop handling times, as shown in FIG. 1, the storage container 10 is placed directly on each of the container frames 11, 11 provided on the left and right sides of the crop harvesting machine 1. ing. Each storage container 10 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and its upper surface is opened.

  The container frame 11 is for mounting the storage container 10. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, each container frame 11 is extended toward the left and right outward directions so that the storage container 10 can be placed thereon. Each container frame 11 has its upper end rotatably connected to the main body frame of the crop harvesting machine 1 in order to reduce a drop when storing the crop in the storage container 10, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. As shown, the tilt angle can be adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder 12.

  Next, the operation of the crop harvesting machine 1 according to the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described with reference to the drawings.

  First, when harvesting crops such as potatoes from a pre-seeded sowing bed by the crop harvesting machine 1 of the present embodiment, in a state where each conveyor 3, 6, 7, 9, separating means 4 and grinding means 5 are driven, Towed by a tractor (not shown). At this time, since the distance between the digging blade 22 and the lead roller 21 moving up and down along the undulation of the ridge is maintained, the digging depth is kept constant. For this reason, the driver does not need to worry about the digging depth, and damage to the crops and uncut digging are reduced.

  The crops and foreign matter dug by the digging blade 22 are conveyed obliquely upward and rearward by the rear conveying conveyor 3. At this time, fine earth and sand are sieved off from the gap between the conveyor rods 32 constituting the rear transfer conveyor 3. Moreover, in this embodiment, since it presupposes the harvest of the crops cultivated with the seed bed which was created beforehand, the foreign material excavated is limited to a small size.

  In this embodiment, the foliage guide 33 provided at the rear of the rear conveyor 3 guides the foliage of the crop to the car roller 34 and the snapping roller 35. Then, the stalks and leaves of the crop are pulled out by the car roller 34 and the snapping roller 35 and discharged to the lower side of the rear conveyor 3.

  Subsequently, when crops and foreign substances are input to the separating means 4, the pair of transport rollers 41 and 41 transport the crops backward. At this time, the rotating radial protrusions 43a of the scraper disks 43 of the transport rollers 41 intersect at the overlapping portions of the front and rear rows to scrape dirt, mud, and the like. Moreover, in this embodiment, since the front conveyance roller 41 is pivotally supported at a position higher than the rear conveyance roller 41 in the conveyance direction, it is possible to prevent the agricultural product from being bitten by mistake.

  Each conveyance roller 41 conveys impurities together with the crops, but the separation roller 42 entrains the impurities between the rear conveyance rollers 41 and drops them downward. As a result, the crops are sequentially conveyed backward, while the contaminants are sequentially dropped downward to separate the crops from the contaminants. In addition, in this embodiment, since each set which consists of a pair of conveyance roller pair 41 and 41 and the separation roller 42 is descend | falling gradually toward back, agricultural products are conveyed smoothly. Moreover, the substantially cylindrical separation roller 42 suppresses damage to the crops to a minimum.

  Subsequently, the contaminants separated by the separating means 4 fall to the pulverizing means 5 and are pulverized. Specifically, the winding convex line 53 provided on one of the crushing rollers 52 entraps impurities between the other crushing roller 52. As a result, the pair of crushing rollers 52 and 52 crush and crush non-standard agricultural products and soil blocks in the gap between the crushing rollers 52 as shown in FIG. For this reason, non-standard crops are prevented from sprouting in the following year. On the other hand, pebbles and the like that cannot be crushed among the foreign substances fall from the gap between the pulverizing rollers 52 to the field. For this reason, the crushing means 5 is less likely to stop by biting pebbles or the like, and suppress a reduction in processing efficiency.

  The crops separated by the separating means 4 are transferred to the sorting conveyor 9 via the upper conveyor 6 and the front conveyor 7. At this time, in the present embodiment, an operator can be arranged on the sorting stage 8 and the sorting work of the crop flowing on the front transfer conveyor 7 can be performed. For this reason, it becomes possible to preliminarily sort out unnecessary soil blocks, diseased and malformed crops, cut crops, foliage, and the like.

  The crops transferred from the front conveyor 7 are directly fed into the left or right storage container 10 by the sorting conveyor 9 that rotates in the forward and reverse directions. Thereby, compared with the case where it transfers to the storage container 10 after it accumulate | stores in a storage tank, since the frequency | count of handling of a crop decreases once, damage to a crop is suppressed and the fall of quality is prevented. Moreover, since the sorting conveyor 9 distributes the crops to the left and right storage containers 10, the amount of crops that can be harvested at a time increases.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the container frame 11 that is rotationally driven by the hydraulic cylinder 12 adjusts the inclination angle of the storage container 10 according to the storage amount in the storage container 10. Specifically, when there are few crops in the storage container 10, the inclination angle is set large. Then, as the storage amount increases, the inclination angle is gradually reduced. Thereby, since the drop at the time of storing agricultural products in the storage container 10 is always small, the agricultural products are not easily damaged, and deterioration of quality is prevented.

  In addition, in this embodiment, since it presupposes the harvest in the field created beforehand, the processing means of a big foreign substance becomes unnecessary. In addition, by providing the pulverizing means 5, it is possible to use the separating means 4 which may cause the field potatoes to fall, and the complicated conveyors conventionally used for the separation process are not required. That is, since there are few components compared with the conventional harvesting machine, the damage received when crops are transferred between each component is reduced.

According to the crop harvesting machine 1 of this embodiment as described above, the following operational effects can be obtained.
1. By pulverizing non-standard crops and returning them to the field, it is possible to prevent sprouting and weeding from the following year and to reduce the risk of generating pests.
2. By configuring the crop harvesting machine 1 with a small number of components, it is possible to reduce the number of impacts when transporting the crop, reduce the probability of damage, and harvest a high-quality crop.
3. By storing the crop directly into the storage container 10 with a small drop, it is possible to minimize damage to the crop and prevent deterioration in quality.

  In addition, the crop harvesting machine 1 which concerns on this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, It can change suitably.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the rotation direction of the sorting conveyor 9 and the inclination angle of the container frame 11 are manually switched and adjusted. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration and is automatically controlled. It may be. Specifically, a weight sensor may be provided in the container frame 11 and the inclination angle may be adjusted according to the weight. Alternatively, the maximum loading capacity of the storage container 10 may be set, and when the value of the weight sensor reaches the maximum loading capacity, the rotation direction of the sorting conveyor 9 may be switched.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crop harvesting machine 2 Digging means 3 Back conveyance conveyor 4 Separation means 5 Grinding means 6 Upper conveyance conveyor 7 Front conveyance conveyor 8 Sorting stage 9 Sorting conveyor 10 Storage container 11 Container frame 21 Lead roller 22 Digging blade 31 Side plate 32 Conveyor Rod 33 Stem and leaf guide 34 Car roller 35 Snapping roller 41 Conveying roller (conveying roller pair)
42 Separating roller 43 Scraper disk 43a Rotating radial protrusion 44 Spacer 51 Spatter prevention plate 52 Crushing roller (crushing roller pair)
53 Convex wire for winding 61 Conveyor belt 62 Conveying plate 71 Conveyor belt 91 Conveyor belt

Claims (4)

A crop harvesting machine equipped with a separating means for separating a crop dug from a pre-prepared sowing bed and impurities,
Below the separating means, there are provided pulverizing means for pulverizing non-standard agricultural products and soil blocks among the separated impurities, and the pulverizing means are arranged in parallel with each other so as to be rotatable in the winding direction. A crop harvesting machine having a plurality of pulverizing roller pairs, and an outer circumferential surface of at least one pulverizing roller of each of the pulverizing roller pairs is formed with a protruding convex line parallel to its axis.   The crop harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the pair of crushing rollers are made of an elastic material, and are provided at an interval that allows a dust that cannot be crushed to pass through and fall.   The winding convex lines are formed on both of the pair of crushing rollers, and each crushing roller has each winding convex line on one crushing roller and each winding convex on the other crushing roller. The crop harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crop harvester is rotated synchronously so as to enter between the lines. The separating means has a plurality of paired front and rear transport rollers that rotate in the transport direction of the crop, and has a separation roller that is arranged in parallel between the transport roller pairs and rotates in the opposite direction.
Each of the conveying roller pairs is configured by stacking a plurality of scraper disks having rotating radial protrusions protruding in the radial direction in the axial direction with a spacer interposed therebetween, and each of these scraper disks is a counterpart of a pair. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rollers are disposed so as to enter between the scraper disks and overlap each other, and the front transport roller is pivotally supported at a position higher than the rear transport roller in the transport direction. A crop harvester as described in.