JP2011127239A - Aromatic polyamide staple fiber and spun yarn comprising the same - Google Patents
Aromatic polyamide staple fiber and spun yarn comprising the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011127239A JP2011127239A JP2009285165A JP2009285165A JP2011127239A JP 2011127239 A JP2011127239 A JP 2011127239A JP 2009285165 A JP2009285165 A JP 2009285165A JP 2009285165 A JP2009285165 A JP 2009285165A JP 2011127239 A JP2011127239 A JP 2011127239A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 41
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010061592 cardiac fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007378 ring spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004953 Aliphatic polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEESPVWIOBCLJW-KTKRTIGZSA-N [(z)-octadec-9-enyl] dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O MEESPVWIOBCLJW-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003231 aliphatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWTCIAGIKURVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;dodecyl phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])([O-])=O GWTCIAGIKURVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YVIGPQSYEAOLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dodecyl phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])([O-])=O YVIGPQSYEAOLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUVCYFMOHFTGDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O ZUVCYFMOHFTGDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は芳香族ポリアミド短繊維、特には紡績性能に優れた芳香族ポリアミド短繊維に関する。 The present invention relates to an aromatic polyamide short fiber, and more particularly to an aromatic polyamide short fiber excellent in spinning performance.
芳香族ポリアミド繊維は、ポリエステル繊維や脂肪族ポリアミド繊維等の汎用合成繊維に比べ物性に優れ、近年では各種産業用途や機能性衣料として広く利用されている。中でも高結晶性で耐熱性に優れ大量生産に適することから、一定長に切断された短繊維が、消防服等の特に難燃性が要求される産業用資材や衣料用途に広く使用されている。 Aromatic polyamide fibers are superior in physical properties compared to general-purpose synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers and aliphatic polyamide fibers, and have been widely used in recent years for various industrial uses and functional clothing. Above all, short fibers cut to a certain length are widely used for industrial materials such as fire-fighting clothes and industrial applications and clothing that are highly crystalline and have excellent heat resistance and are suitable for mass production. .
しかし、芳香族ポリアミド繊維は他の合成繊維に比べて極めて静電気を帯び易く、紡績のカード工程でのシリンダー部への捲付き、あるいはウェア斑が発生し易く、安定した品質の紡績糸が得られない問題があった。さらに、粗紡や精紡工程では各種ローラーやガイドとの擦過によって、繊維がフィブリルし易く、油剤の粘性も加わって糸導に堆積し易く清掃の頻度が多くなり、作業負担が大きく、作業効率も低下するという問題があった。特に近年では高速で紡績を実施するリング紡績やＭＪＳに使用する場合が増え、繊維のフィブリル化が更に発生しやすく、スカムの付着やローラー捲き付きが多く発生するため、紡績工程の通過性が極めて悪化してきているという問題が顕在化してきた。 However, aromatic polyamide fibers are much more electrostatically charged than other synthetic fibers, and are prone to wrinkling of the cylinder part or wear spots in the spinning card process, and a stable quality spun yarn can be obtained. There was no problem. Furthermore, in the roving and fine spinning processes, the fibers are easily fibrillated by rubbing with various rollers and guides, and the viscosity of the oil agent is added, so that the fibers are easily deposited on the yarn guide. There was a problem of lowering. In particular, in recent years, the use of ring spinning and MJS, which perform spinning at high speeds, has increased, and fiber fibrillation is more likely to occur, and scum adhesion and roller scoring often occur, so the passability of the spinning process is extremely high. The problem of getting worse has become apparent.
これらの問題に対し、特許文献１では、フィブリル化を抑制するために特定炭素数の長鎖アルキル燐酸エステル塩を含む処理剤が提案されている。しかしこの処理剤は特に低湿度下の条件において静電気が発生しやすいという問題があった。そこで特許文献２には若干炭素数の少ないアルキル燐酸エステル塩と含窒素ノニオン型の制電剤を併用することにより、集束性と制電性を両立させた処理剤が開示されている。しかしいずれの方法を用いた場合にも、低湿条件下と共に高湿度下においても、静電気の発生を抑制しながら、スカムの発生やローラーへの巻き付きを十分には抑えることができない、という問題があった。
低湿度や高湿度などの様々な状況において十分な加工性を有する芳香族ポリアミド短繊維の開発が待たれていたのである。
With respect to these problems, Patent Document 1 proposes a treatment agent containing a long-chain alkyl phosphate ester salt having a specific carbon number in order to suppress fibrillation. However, this treatment agent has a problem that static electricity is likely to be generated particularly under conditions of low humidity. Thus, Patent Document 2 discloses a treatment agent that achieves both convergence and antistatic properties by using an alkyl phosphate ester salt having a slightly smaller number of carbon atoms and a nitrogen-containing nonionic antistatic agent in combination. However, when using any of these methods, there is a problem in that generation of scum and winding around a roller cannot be sufficiently suppressed while suppressing generation of static electricity even under low humidity and high humidity. It was.
Development of an aromatic polyamide short fiber having sufficient processability in various situations such as low humidity and high humidity has been awaited.
本発明は、特に工程の低湿化や高湿化などの様々な状況の変化に対応しうる、工程通過性に優れた芳香族ポリアミド短繊維を提供することにある。 It is an object of the present invention to provide an aromatic polyamide short fiber excellent in process passability that can cope with various changes in conditions such as low humidity and high humidity in the process.
本発明の芳香族ポリアミド短繊維は、芳香族ポリアミド繊維の表面に油剤が付着している芳香族ポリアミド短繊維であって、該油剤が（Ａ）成分を５０〜９０重量％含有し、かつ（Ｂ）成分を１〜１０重量％含有することを特徴とする。
（Ａ）炭素数が１２〜１８の燐酸エステルであり、かつエステルの５０重量％以上がモノエステルである燐酸エステルのアルカリ金属塩。
（Ｂ）３０℃における粘度が５〜２０ｍｍ２／ｓであるジメチルシリコーン。
The aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention is an aromatic polyamide short fiber having an oil agent attached to the surface of the aromatic polyamide fiber, the oil agent containing 50 to 90% by weight of the component (A), and ( B) 1 to 10% by weight of component is contained.
(A) An alkali metal salt of a phosphoric ester having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 50% by weight or more of the ester being a monoester.
(B) Dimethyl silicone having a viscosity at 30 ° C. of 5 to 20 mm 2 / s.
さらには、該油剤の付着量が、繊維重量に対して０．２〜０．８重量％であることや、該油剤の流動性が２ｃｍ２以下であること、芳香族ポリアミド繊維がポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミド繊維であることが好ましい。
そして、本発明の紡績糸は、上記本発明の芳香族ポリアミド短繊維からなるものであり、紡績することを特徴とする。
Furthermore, the adhesion amount of the oil agent is 0.2 to 0.8% by weight with respect to the fiber weight, the fluidity of the oil agent is 2 cm 2 or less, and the aromatic polyamide fiber is polymetaphenylene. Isophthalamide fibers are preferred.
The spun yarn of the present invention is made of the aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention and is spun.
本発明によれば、特に工程の低湿化や高湿化などの様々な状況の変化に対応しうる、工程通過性に優れた芳香族ポリアミド短繊維が提供される。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the aromatic polyamide short fiber excellent in process permeability | transmittance which can respond to the change of various conditions, such as low humidity of a process and high humidity especially, is provided.
本発明は、芳香族ポリアミド繊維の表面に油剤が付着している芳香族ポリアミド短繊維に関するものである。ここで芳香族ポリアミド繊維を構成する芳香族ポリアミドについて述べると、一般式−ＮＨ−Ａｒ１−ＮＨ−ＣＯ−Ａｒ２−ＣＯ−及び／または−ＮＨ−Ａｒ３−ＣＯ−なる繰返し単位（Ａｒ１、Ａｒ２、Ａｒ３はそれぞれ独立に二価の芳香族基である）で表わされるものである。具体例としては、ポリパラフェニレンテレフタルアミド、ポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミド、ポリパラベンゾアミド、ポリ-３，４′−オキシジフェニレンテレフタルアミド／ポリパラフェニレンテレフタルアミド共重合体である。 The present invention relates to an aromatic polyamide short fiber in which an oil agent is attached to the surface of an aromatic polyamide fiber. Here, the aromatic polyamide constituting the aromatic polyamide fiber will be described. The repeating unit represented by the general formula —NH—Ar 1 —NH—CO—Ar 2 —CO— and / or —NH—Ar 3 —CO— (Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 are each independently a divalent aromatic group). Specific examples are polyparaphenylene terephthalamide, polymetaphenylene isophthalamide, polyparabenzamide, and poly-3,4'-oxydiphenylene terephthalamide / polyparaphenylene terephthalamide copolymer.
本発明の芳香族ポリアミド繊維は、以上のような芳香族ポリアミドからなるパラ系芳香族ポリアミド繊維（いわゆるパラ系アラミド繊維）やメタ系芳香族ポリアミド繊維（いわゆるメタ系ポリアミド繊維）を挙げることができるが、本発明の効果は短繊維として生産、加工が行われることが多い、メタ系芳香族ポリアミド繊維であることが特に好ましい。またここで好ましいメタ系芳香族ポリアミド繊維としては、２０重量％までは、他の共重合成分を混合しても良く、共重合成分としては、パラ系芳香族ポリアミド成分であることが特に好ましい。 Examples of the aromatic polyamide fiber of the present invention include para-aromatic polyamide fibers (so-called para-aramid fibers) and meta-aromatic polyamide fibers (so-called meta-polyamide fibers) made of the aromatic polyamide as described above. However, the effect of the present invention is particularly preferably a meta-aromatic polyamide fiber that is often produced and processed as a short fiber. In addition, as a preferable meta-aromatic polyamide fiber, other copolymer components may be mixed up to 20% by weight, and the para-aromatic polyamide component is particularly preferable as the copolymer component.
なお、この好ましいメタ系芳香族ポリアミド繊維としては、固有粘度は、０．５ｇ／１００ｍｌの濃硫酸溶液（３０℃）で測定した値が０．８〜４．０、特に１．０〜３．０のものであることが好ましい。さらに、難燃剤、着色剤、耐光向上剤、艶消し剤、導電剤などの添加剤を、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で含有してもよい。 In addition, as this preferable meta type | system | group aromatic polyamide fiber, the value measured by 0.5 g / 100 ml concentrated sulfuric acid solution (30 degreeC) is 0.8-4.0, especially 1.0-3. It is preferably zero. Furthermore, you may contain additives, such as a flame retardant, a coloring agent, a light fastness improving agent, a matting agent, and a electrically conductive agent, in the range which does not impair the objective of this invention.
また本発明の芳香族ポリアミド短繊維の長さとしては２００ｍｍ以下、通常は０．２〜１５０ｍｍ、より好ましくは３８〜７６ｍｍの範囲であることが好ましい。また繊度としては２５ｄｔｅｘ以下、通常は０．５〜１５ｄｔｅｘ、より好ましくは１．３〜３．３ｄｔｅｘの範囲であることが好ましい。このような形状の短繊維であると、紡績して紡績糸とすることが容易となる。 The length of the aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention is preferably 200 mm or less, usually 0.2 to 150 mm, more preferably 38 to 76 mm. The fineness is preferably 25 dtex or less, usually 0.5 to 15 dtex, more preferably 1.3 to 3.3 dtex. When the short fiber has such a shape, it becomes easy to spin and form a spun yarn.
本発明の芳香族ポリアミド繊維は、このような繊維の表面に油剤が付着しているものであって、その油剤が下記の（Ａ）成分を５０〜９０重量％含有し、かつ（Ｂ）成分を１〜１０重量％含有することを必須とするものである。
（Ａ）炭素数が１２〜１８の燐酸エステルであり、かつエステルの５０重量％以上がモノエステルである燐酸エステルのアルカリ金属塩。
（Ｂ）３０℃における粘度が５〜２０ｍｍ２／ｓであるジメチルシリコーン。
The aromatic polyamide fiber of the present invention has an oil agent attached to the surface of such a fiber, and the oil agent contains 50 to 90% by weight of the following component (A), and component (B) It is essential to contain 1 to 10% by weight.
(A) An alkali metal salt of a phosphoric ester having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 50% by weight or more of the ester being a monoester.
(B) Dimethyl silicone having a viscosity at 30 ° C. of 5 to 20 mm 2 / s.
特に本発明においては、使用される（Ａ）成分の燐酸エステルのアルカリ金属塩が、炭素数が１２〜１８の燐酸エステルであり、かつエステルの５０重量％以上がモノエステルであることに特徴が有る。さらにはエステルの６０重量％以上、特には７０重量％以上がモノエステルであることが好ましい。このようにモノエステル含有量が多くなることによりたとえ濃縮されても油剤の流動性を低く抑えることが可能となる。また湿度変化による流動性や粘度の変化が少なく、安定生産を行うことが可能となる。 Particularly, in the present invention, the alkali metal salt of the phosphoric acid ester of the component (A) used is a phosphoric acid ester having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and 50% by weight or more of the ester is a monoester. Yes. Furthermore, it is preferable that 60% by weight or more, particularly 70% by weight or more of the ester is a monoester. Thus, even if it concentrates by having increased monoester content, the fluidity | liquidity of an oil agent can be restrained low. Further, there is little change in fluidity and viscosity due to humidity change, and stable production can be performed.
また、アルカリ金属塩の炭素数は１２〜１８であることが必要であり、さらには炭素数が１６〜１８であることが好ましい。炭素数が少ないと粘着性が増加し、紡績工程でのローラーへの巻き付きやスカムの発生が増加する。一方炭素数が多い場合には、繊維の集束性が低下して工程通過性が悪化する。 Further, the alkali metal salt needs to have 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably has 16 to 18 carbon atoms. When the number of carbon atoms is small, the adhesiveness increases, and the winding around the roller and the occurrence of scum increase during the spinning process. On the other hand, when the number of carbon atoms is large, the fiber converging property is lowered and the process passability is deteriorated.
そして本発明で用いられるこのアルカリ金属塩としては、ナトリウム塩、カリ塩、リチウム塩を挙げることができる。より具体的にはラウリルホスフェートのカリウム塩、ラウリルホスフェートのナトリウム塩、セチルホスフェートのカリウム塩、オレイルホスフェートのカリウム塩、ステアリルホスフェートのカリウム等であることが好ましい。
このような燐酸エステル塩は炭素数が１２〜１８の高級アルコールと無水燐酸から合成することができる。
And as this alkali metal salt used by this invention, a sodium salt, potassium salt, and lithium salt can be mentioned. More specifically, potassium salt of lauryl phosphate, sodium salt of lauryl phosphate, potassium salt of cetyl phosphate, potassium salt of oleyl phosphate, potassium of stearyl phosphate and the like are preferable.
Such phosphate ester salts can be synthesized from higher alcohols having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and phosphoric anhydride.
また、本発明で用いられる油剤は、この（Ａ）成分であるアルカリ金属塩を５０〜９０重量％含有することが必要であり、さらには６０〜８５重量％であることが好ましい。（Ａ）成分である燐酸エステルのアルカリ金属塩は、制電性と高油膜特性を有しており、紡績のカードや練条工程での静電気の発生を防止したり、高速運転時の糸切れや捲き付きを防止し、工程通過性や工程安定化に効果がある。油剤中における（Ａ）成分の含有量が５０重量％未満の場合には、制電性が不良となり、静電気発生に伴うローラー捲き付き等が発生し易く、紡績性が著しく損なわれる。逆に、９０重量％を越えると均一付着が困難となり、繊維の集束性も低下するために紡績性が損なわれる。 Further, the oil used in the present invention needs to contain 50 to 90% by weight of the alkali metal salt as the component (A), and preferably 60 to 85% by weight. The alkali metal salt of phosphate ester (A), which has antistatic properties and high oil film properties, prevents the generation of static electricity during spinning cards and the drawing process, and breaks yarn during high-speed operation. Prevents sticking and is effective in process passability and process stabilization. When the content of the component (A) in the oil agent is less than 50% by weight, the antistatic property becomes poor, the roller scoring due to the generation of static electricity easily occurs, and the spinnability is remarkably impaired. On the other hand, when it exceeds 90% by weight, uniform adhesion becomes difficult, and the converging property of the fiber is lowered, so that the spinnability is impaired.
次に（Ｂ）成分について説明する。本発明の芳香族ポリアミド短繊維は、擦過によるフィブリル化が発生し、工程途中でのスカムに成り易いが、この（Ｂ）成分を１重量％以上添加することにより、芳香族ポリアミド短繊維に平滑性と離型性が付与することが可能となり、スカムの発生量を極めて効果的に抑制できるようになった。特に近年、高速で紡績を実施するリング紡績やＭＪＳを行うことが多くなり、本発明の効果はより発揮されるようになってきた。また（Ｂ）成分は１０重量％以下の少量で多大の効果を発揮することもあり、（Ａ）成分の比率を結果的に高め、顕著に油膜強化及び静電気発生防止効果が得られることとなった。 Next, the component (B) will be described. The aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention is fibrillated due to scratching and tends to be scum in the course of the process. By adding 1% by weight or more of this component (B), the aromatic polyamide short fiber can be smoothed. And releasability can be imparted, and the amount of scum generated can be extremely effectively suppressed. In particular, in recent years, ring spinning and MJS, in which spinning is performed at high speed, are frequently performed, and the effects of the present invention have been further exhibited. Further, the component (B) may exert a great effect even in a small amount of 10% by weight or less, and as a result, the ratio of the component (A) is increased, and the effect of strengthening the oil film and preventing static electricity can be obtained remarkably. It was.
ここで本発明に用いる（Ｂ）成分のジメチルシリコーンは、３０℃での粘度が５〜２０ｍｍ２／ｓであることが必要である。ジメチルシリコーンの粘度が５ｍｍ２／ｓ未満では揮発しやすく、性能を維持することができない。また２０ｍｍ２／ｓ以上では安定した油剤エマルジョンが得られず、本発明の芳香族ポリアミド繊維に有効に塗布することができない。なお、（Ｂ）成分は油剤中に１〜１０重量％含有していることが必要である。含有が１重量％未満では平滑性や離型性の向上効果は認められず、１０重量％を越えると油剤中での乳化が均一にならず、繊維に均一に付与することができない。この（Ｂ）成分は油剤中ではエマルジョンであることが好ましく、このように溶解しないことにより、油剤中での有効成分が高く、少量でも性能を発揮しうるのである。 Here, the dimethyl silicone as the component (B) used in the present invention needs to have a viscosity at 30 ° C. of 5 to 20 mm 2 / s. If the viscosity of dimethyl silicone is less than 5 mm 2 / s, it tends to volatilize and the performance cannot be maintained. On the other hand, if it is 20 mm 2 / s or more, a stable oil emulsion cannot be obtained and cannot be effectively applied to the aromatic polyamide fiber of the present invention. In addition, (B) component needs to contain 1 to 10weight% in an oil agent. When the content is less than 1% by weight, the effect of improving smoothness and releasability is not observed, and when the content exceeds 10% by weight, the emulsification in the oil is not uniform and cannot be uniformly applied to the fibers. The component (B) is preferably an emulsion in the oil, and by not dissolving in this manner, the active ingredient in the oil is high, and even a small amount can exhibit performance.
本発明ではこのように高油膜特性を有する（Ａ）成分と、平滑性の高い（Ｂ）成分とを同時に用いることにより、集束性が高く、紡績工程での安定生産性に優れた芳香族ポリアミド短繊維を得ることができるようになったのである。 In the present invention, by using the component (A) having a high oil film characteristic and the component (B) having a high smoothness at the same time, an aromatic polyamide having high convergence and excellent stable productivity in the spinning process. Short fibers can be obtained.
なお、本発明では（Ａ）成分及び（Ｂ）成分に加えて、通常短繊維油剤に使用されているアニオン界面活性剤や、ノニオン界面活性剤、さらには乳化調整剤、抗菌剤、防腐剤、紫外線吸収剤等を、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で適宜選択使用することができる。 In the present invention, in addition to the component (A) and the component (B), anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants that are usually used in short fiber oils, further emulsification regulators, antibacterial agents, preservatives, An ultraviolet absorber or the like can be appropriately selected and used as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
また、本発明の芳香族ポリアミド短繊維に用いられる油剤はさらにその油剤の流動性が２ｃｍ２以下であることが好ましい。なおここでいう油剤の流動性は、ガラスシャーレに油剤２ｇを入れ、１０５℃の熱風乾燥機で２時間処理した後、該油剤を３５℃×９０％ＲＨの恒温恒湿度槽内で５日間、調湿後、油剤を０．１ｇ採取しガラス板に約１ｃｍ角に広げ、更にガラス板を乗せた上に２ｋｇの荷重を乗せかかる油剤の流動後の面積を測定した値をいう。 Moreover, it is preferable that the oil agent used for the aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention further has a fluidity of 2 cm 2 or less. The fluidity of the oil here refers to 2 g of the oil in a glass petri dish, treated with a hot air dryer at 105 ° C. for 2 hours, and then the oil in a constant temperature and humidity chamber of 35 ° C. × 90% RH for 5 days. It refers to a value obtained by measuring 0.1 g of oil agent after humidity control, spreading it to a glass plate about 1 cm square, and further applying a load of 2 kg on the glass plate, and measuring the area of the oil agent after flowing.
このような高湿度条件に長時間放置後の油剤の流動性は、紡績工程での粘性に対応しており、本発明の油剤は流動性が抑えられているため、紡績工程でのローラー巻き付きやスカムの付着を防止することができるようになったのである。このように流動性を抑えるためには燐酸エステルのアルカリ金属塩のモノエステル含有量を増加させることで可能となったものである。炭素数を多くすることによっても一般的に粘着性は低下するが、このような高湿度雰囲気下では流動性を十分に低下させることができない。本発明ではモノエステル含有量が多いために、高湿度下で油剤が濃縮されても粘度の増加が起こらず、流動性を低く抑えることができるのである。 The fluidity of the oil after being left in such a high humidity condition for a long time corresponds to the viscosity in the spinning process, and the fluid of the present invention has a suppressed fluidity. The scum can be prevented from adhering. Thus, in order to suppress fluidity | liquidity, it became possible by increasing the monoester content of the alkali metal salt of phosphate ester. Increasing the number of carbons generally decreases the tackiness, but the fluidity cannot be sufficiently lowered under such a high humidity atmosphere. In the present invention, since the monoester content is large, even if the oil agent is concentrated under high humidity, the viscosity does not increase, and the fluidity can be kept low.
本発明の芳香族ポリアミド短繊維は、上記の成分からなる油剤が付着したものであるが、その油剤の付着量としては、繊維重量に対して０．２〜０．８重量％であることが好ましい。その付着方法は特に限定する必要はないが、例えば、油剤を１〜１０％の水溶液として、ローラー法、浸漬沫、スプレー法等の任意の方法により、紡糸、延伸等任意の段階で付与することができる。処理剤の付着量は、繊維に対して０．２〜０．８重量％、特に０．３〜０．７重量％とすることが望ましい。 The aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention is one to which an oil agent composed of the above components is attached, and the amount of the oil agent to be attached is 0.2 to 0.8% by weight based on the fiber weight. preferable. The adhesion method is not particularly limited. For example, the oil agent may be applied as an aqueous solution of 1 to 10% at an arbitrary stage such as spinning or stretching by an arbitrary method such as a roller method, a dipping droplet, or a spray method. Can do. The adhesion amount of the treatment agent is preferably 0.2 to 0.8% by weight, particularly 0.3 to 0.7% by weight with respect to the fiber.
また本発明の芳香族ポリアミド短繊維は、後の加工が行いやすいように捲縮をかけたものであることが好ましく、捲縮数としては捲縮数としては６〜１５個／２５ｍｍ、捲縮率としては７．５〜１９％の範囲であることが好ましい。 Moreover, the aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention is preferably crimped so that subsequent processing can be easily performed. The number of crimps is 6 to 15/25 mm, and the number of crimps is crimped. The rate is preferably in the range of 7.5 to 19%.
この本発明の芳香族ポリアミド短繊維は、低湿から高湿のさまざまな環境の下で、捲き付きやスカムの発生が極めて少なく安定した紡績性が得られる。これはモノエステル含有量と炭素数が規定された特定の燐酸エステルのアルカリ金属塩化合物と、粘度が規定されたジメチルシリコーとを有する油剤が芳香族ポリアミド繊維の表面に付着しているために、後の工程では油剤の性状が固状化されているためであると考えられる。本発明の芳香族ポリアミド系短繊維は、シリンダー巻付き、ローラー巻付き等の発生が少なく、カード工程、練条工程等の紡績工程における工程通過性が極めて優れているのである。 This aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention has a stable spinning property with very little occurrence of scoring and scum under various environments from low humidity to high humidity. This is because an oil agent having an alkali metal salt compound of a specific phosphate ester having a defined monoester content and carbon number and a dimethylsilicoate having a defined viscosity is attached to the surface of the aromatic polyamide fiber. It is thought that this is because the properties of the oil agent are solidified in the subsequent steps. The aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention is less likely to be wound with a cylinder, wound with a roller, etc., and has excellent process passability in spinning processes such as a card process and a drawing process.
本発明の紡績糸は、この本発明の芳香族ポリアミド短繊維からなるものであり、捲縮をかけた芳香族ポリアミド短繊維を混打綿、カード工程、練条工程により紡績することにより得られる。 The spun yarn of the present invention is composed of the aromatic polyamide short fiber of the present invention, and is obtained by spinning a crimped aromatic polyamide short fiber by a mixed cotton, a card process, and a drawing process. .
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。なお、実施例中の％はすべて重量％を示す。またそれぞれの評価は下記の方法に従った。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In addition, all% in an Example shows weight%. Moreover, each evaluation followed the following method.
（１） カード通過性
２５℃、６５％ＲＨの条件下で３００ゲレン／ヤード（０．９１４４ｍ）、１２ｒｐｍでカードにかけ口出し時のコイラーチュ−ブ詰りおよびカレンダーロールとコイラー間でのスライバーの垂れを観察した。総合的に問題のないものを○とし、紡績性等が特に不良で円滑に加工できない場合を×、中間のものを△と判定した。
(1) Card passability Observe for coiler tube clogging and sliver dripping between calender roll and coiler at 25 rpm and 65% RH at 300 gelen / yard (0.9144m) and 12rpm. did. A case where there was no problem overall was rated as ◯, a case where the spinning property was particularly poor and smooth machining was not possible, and a middle case was judged as △.
（２） カード静電気（発生量）
２５℃、４５％ＲＨの条件下で３００ゲレン／ヤード（０．９１４４ｍ）、１２ｒｐｍでカードにかけドッファ−と引取ローラとの間でウェブから１０ｃｍ離れた高さ（位置）で春日式静電気測定器で静電気量（キロボルト：ｋＶ）を測定した。
(2) Card static electricity (amount generated)
Kasuga-type static electricity measuring device at a height (position) 10 cm away from the web between the doffer and the take-up roller by applying it at 300 rpm with a pressure of 300 gelen / yard (0.9144 m) at 25 ° C. and 45% RH. The amount of static electricity (kilovolt: kV) was measured.
（３） 練条通過性
また、練条工程における特性としては、２５℃、湿度６５％の条件下で３００ゲレン／ヤード（０．９１４４ｍ）を１８０ｍ／分の紡速で練条機を３回通過させ、口出し時の練条ローラー詰りや練条ローラーへの捲付きを観察し、総合的に良好なものを○とし、特に不良で円滑に練条工程を通過できないものを×、中間を△と判定した。
(3) Stretching property Further, as a characteristic in the stretching process, the stretching machine is run three times at a spinning speed of 180 m / min with 300 gelen / yard (0.9144 m) under the conditions of 25 ° C. and 65% humidity. Observe the clogging roller and clogging on the drawing roller at the time of feeding, and mark overall good as ○, especially poor and cannot pass smoothly through the drawing process, and Δ in the middle It was determined.
（４）油剤の流動性
油剤２ｇをガラスシャーレに入れ、１０５℃の熱風乾燥機で２時間処理した後、該油剤を３５℃×９０％ＲＨの恒温恒湿度槽内で５日間、調湿後、油剤を０．１ｇ採取しガラス板に約１ｃｍ角に広げ、更にガラス板を乗せた上に２ｋｇの荷重を乗せ、かかる油剤の流動後の面積を測定した値を流動性とした。
(4) Fluidity of oil agent After putting 2 g of oil agent in a glass petri dish and treating it with a hot air dryer at 105 ° C. for 2 hours, the oil agent was conditioned for 5 days in a constant temperature and humidity chamber of 35 ° C. × 90% RH. Then, 0.1 g of the oil agent was sampled and spread on a glass plate to a square of about 1 cm, and a load of 2 kg was further placed on the glass plate, and a value obtained by measuring the area after the oil agent flowed was defined as fluidity.
［実施例１］
固有粘度１．８のポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミドを塩化カルシュウム水溶液中に押し出し、凝固させ単繊維繊度２．２ｄｔｅｘ、計１４万ｄｔｅｘのトウとなし、これを水洗後３．２倍に沸水中で延伸し、ついで乾燥し３４０℃で熱処理し、表１記載の各油剤に浸漬し、クリンパ−に供給して、クリンパ−での絞り率を調整して油剤付着量を０．５％とした後、クリンパ−で捲縮性能を付与し、１２０℃で乾燥熱処理を行い、５１ｍｍの長さに切断した。
短繊維は捲縮数１２山／インチ（２．５４ｃｍ）、捲縮度は１９％であった。得られた短繊維の紡績性を評価した結果を併せて表１に示す。
[Example 1]
Polymetaphenylene isophthalamide having an intrinsic viscosity of 1.8 is extruded into an aqueous solution of calcium chloride and solidified to form a single fiber fineness of 2.2 dtex and a total toe of 140,000 dtex, which is then washed 3.2 times in boiling water after washing with water. Then, after drying and heat-treating at 340 ° C., immersing in each oil agent listed in Table 1, supplying to the crimper, adjusting the squeeze rate in the crimper to make the oil agent adhesion amount 0.5%, The crimper imparted crimping performance, was subjected to a drying heat treatment at 120 ° C., and was cut into a length of 51 mm.
The short fiber had 12 crimps / inch (2.54 cm), and the crimp was 19%. The results of evaluating the spinnability of the obtained short fibers are also shown in Table 1.
［実施例２、３、比較例１〜３］
表１記載の各油剤に変更した以外は、実施例１と同様に芳香族ポリアミド短繊維を作成し、実施例１と同様に加工性を評価した。結果を表１に併せて示す。
[Examples 2 and 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 3]
Except having changed to each oil agent of Table 1, the aromatic polyamide short fiber was created similarly to Example 1, and workability was evaluated similarly to Example 1. FIG. The results are also shown in Table 1.
Claims (6)
（Ａ）炭素数が１２〜１８の燐酸エステルであり、かつエステルの５０重量％以上がモノエステルである燐酸エステルのアルカリ金属塩。
（Ｂ）３０℃における粘度が５〜２０ｍｍ２／ｓであるジメチルシリコーン。 An aromatic polyamide short fiber in which an oil agent is adhered to the surface of an aromatic polyamide fiber, the oil agent containing 50 to 90% by weight of component (A) and 1 to 10% by weight of component (B) An aromatic polyamide short fiber characterized by:
(A) An alkali metal salt of a phosphoric ester having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 50% by weight or more of the ester being a monoester.
(B) Dimethyl silicone having a viscosity at 30 ° C. of 5 to 20 mm 2 / s.
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