JP2011125257A - Resin film for grafting, and grafting method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resin film for grafting forming a grafting bag which improves root taking of scions or growth of new treetops and thereby enables efficient renewal to another variety to be newly employed; to provide a grafting bag made of the film; and to provide a grafting method. <P>SOLUTION: The resin film for grafting comprises a film forming a grafting bag 10 covering a joint part 16 between a rootstock 12 and a scion 14, and the scion 14 when grafting the rootstock 12 and the scion 14, and has an amount of oxygen permeation of 3×10<SP>4</SP>cc/m<SP>2</SP>/day/atm or more at 23°C, and water vapor permeability of 50 g/m<SP>2</SP>/day or less at 40°C in 90%RH. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a resin film for grafts and a grafting method.

  With the diversification of consumer preferences, new varieties are actively introduced in fruit trees and the like. Cuttings and grafts are used for breeding new varieties. The reasons for adopting grafts for the introduction of new varieties are that it is difficult to reproduce on cuttings, avoiding pests (grape, watermelon, etc.), controlling the vigor (citrus, apples, etc.), shortening the time to harvest, etc. In order to increase the success rate of grafting, it is important to prevent the drying of the spikes. For this reason, Hogi is covered with wax, a film, or the like, or a humidity drop is prevented by mist watering or the like.

  A conventional grafting method is performed by joining a cut surface of a rootstock and a cut surface of a hogi, and then winding the joined portion with a string or the like and fixing the joined portion. Furthermore, in order to improve the survival rate of the hogi, it is necessary to suppress drying of the hogi and the joined portion. Therefore, in recent years, it has been carried out to wind the joining portion with the hogi with a paraffin film or the like. Patent Document 1 describes a self-adhesive film that is wound around a joint portion.

  Patent Documents 2 and 3 describe a grafting method in which, after grafting hogi on a rootstock, a plastic bag is covered from above, and the bag is closed at the lower part in the vicinity of the graft. The gazette describes that drying of hogi and joints can be suppressed.

  Patent Document 4 discloses a packaging bag for keeping freshness of grapes having an oxygen transmission rate of 120 to 750 [cc / (100 g · day · atm)], and a method for preserving grapes using the same. .

JP-A-7-60884 JP 2003-23862 A JP 2005-13198 A JP 2008-273627 A

  However, the self-adhesive film described in Patent Document 1 needs to be used by winding the film uniformly around the base plate and winding it around a rootstock. I could not.

  Moreover, the grafting methods of Patent Documents 2 and 3 are merely sealed with a plastic bag over the joint portion, and there are cases where the survival rate of sapling and the growth of new shoots are not sufficient. This was thought to be due to weather conditions and other factors affecting the environment inside the plastic bag, and adversely affecting the survival of the sapling and the growth of new shoots.

  The present inventor has intensively studied in view of the above problems, and has found that the humidity and oxygen amount inside the bag affect the survival of the sapling and the growth of the new tree, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention is shown below.
(1) When grafting a hogi to a rootstock, it is a grafting resin film that constitutes a jointing bag between the rootstock and the hogi and a grafting bag covering the hogi,
Oxygen permeation amount at 23 ° C. is 3 × 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · day · atm or more, and water vapor permeability at 40 ° C. and 90% RH is 50 g / m ² · day or less Resin film.

(2) The oxygen permeation amount is 3 × 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · day · atm or more and 3 × 10 ⁶ cc / m ² · day · atm or less, for grafting according to (1) Resin film.

(3) The resin film for grafts according to (1) or (2), wherein the water vapor permeability is 10 g / m ² · day or less.

(4) The resin film for grafts according to any one of (1) to (3), which has fine holes.

(5) The resin film for grafts according to (4), wherein an opening area of the fine holes is 7 × 10 ⁻⁵ mm ² or more and 8 × 10 ⁻¹ mm ² or less.

(6) The resin film for grafts according to any one of (1) to (5), which has a tensile elongation of 400% or less (JIS K7127).

(7) The resin film for grafts according to any one of (1) to (6), which is made of stretched polypropylene.

(8) The resin film for grafts according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the hogi is a fruit tree.

(9) The resin film for grafts according to (8), wherein the fruit tree is citrus.

(10) The graft according to any one of (1) to (9), which is used to cover a joining portion between the rootstock and the hogi and the hogi when grafting the hogi to the rootstock. A graft bag formed from a plastic film.

(11) joining the cut surface formed on the rootstock and the cut surface formed on the hogi;
A step of covering the grafting bag according to (10) so as to enclose the joining portion of the rootstock and the hogi and the hogi;
Closing the mouth of the grafting bag and covering the joint portion and the hogi with the grafting bag.

  Since the grafting bag using the grafting resin film of the present invention can improve the survival of the saplings and the growth of the new treetops, it is possible to efficiently update to the newly adopted variety. Furthermore, the grafting bag using the grafting resin film of the present invention improves the efficiency of the grafting work, so that labor saving can be achieved.

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view for explaining a grafting method using a grafting bag made of the grafting resin film of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a graph for comparing the total length of new shoots in Examples. FIG. 3 is a graph for comparing the lengths of the longest shoots in the examples.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted appropriately.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the grafting bag 10 made of the grafting resin film of the present embodiment seals the joint portion 16 between the cut surface of the rootstock 12 and the cut surface of the hogi 14.

<Resin film for grafts>
Hereinafter, the resin film for grafts constituting the graft graft bag 10 will be described.
The resin film for grafts of this embodiment has an oxygen transmission amount at 23 ° C. of 3 × 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · day · atm or more, preferably 3 × 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · day · atm or more, 3 × 10 ⁶ cc / m ² · day · atm or less, more preferably 5 × 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · day · atm or more, 2.5 × 10 ⁶ cc / m ² · day · atm or less, particularly preferably 5 × It is 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · day · atm or more and 1.5 × 10 ⁶ cc / m ² · day · atm or less.

Further, the graft film resin film of the present embodiment has a water vapor permeability at 40 ° C. and 90% RH in accordance with JIS K7129 of 50 g / m ² · day or less, preferably 30 g / m ² · day or less, more preferably 15 g / m ² · day or less, particularly preferably 10 g / m ² · day or less. In addition, although a lower limit is not specifically limited, When the humidity in a bag becomes very high, since a disease will occur in Hogi, it is preferably 3 g / m ² · day or more, more preferably 5 g / m ² · day or more. . These upper limit value and lower limit value can be arbitrarily combined.

  Since both the oxygen transmission amount and the water vapor transmission rate are in the above ranges, the grafting bag 10 made of the grafting resin film can keep the oxygen amount and humidity inside the optimal range, and to the rootstock. Can improve the growth of sapling and growth of new shoots. Thereby, it is possible to efficiently update to a newly adopted product type. The numerical range of the oxygen transmission amount and the numerical range of the water vapor transmission rate can be arbitrarily combined.

The oxygen permeation amount (cc / m ² · day · atm) of the resin film for grafts of the present embodiment is a value measured in a graft graft bag made of the resin film. Specifically, the oxygen permeation amount F per one atmospheric pressure difference between the inside and outside of the effective surface area of the grafting bag (resin bag) at 23 ° C. per day, calculated by the following formula.

F = {1.143 × (C _t −C ₀ ) × V} / (t × S)
F: Oxygen permeation per unit area at 23 ° C. [(cc / (m ² · day · atm)]
C _t : Oxygen concentration (volume%) in the resin bag after elapse of time t from the time of filling with nitrogen gas
C ₀ : oxygen concentration (volume%) in the resin bag immediately after nitrogen gas filling
V: Amount of nitrogen gas charged (cc)
t: Elapsed time immediately after filling with nitrogen gas (hours)
S: Surface area inside resin bag (effective surface area of resin film) (m ² )

A resin bag sealed by heat sealing is filled with nitrogen gas (pure nitrogen gas) (V above). Immediately after filling with nitrogen gas, the gas in the resin bag is sampled, and a certain amount of 1 cc or less is measured by gas chromatography. Thereby, the amount of oxygen in the resin bag is obtained, and the oxygen concentration C ₀ (volume%) is calculated. If C ₀ exceeds 0.2% by volume, it is not adopted.

The resin bag whose initial oxygen concentration has been measured is stored in an incubator at 23 ° C. After the elapse of t (time) immediately after the nitrogen gas filling, the oxygen concentration in the resin bag is measured (the above C _t ). t is a time of 3 hours or more. When the oxygen concentration in the resin bag is out of the range of 1% or more and 7% or less, or when the proportional relationship does not hold between the elapsed time t (hour) and the oxygen concentration in the resin bag. Not adopted.

  The effective surface area of the graft bag refers to the surface area of the resin film that can participate in oxygen permeation, and the surface area excluding the part that cannot participate in oxygen permeation, such as the part that is bonded for sealing. That is. For example, when four sides of two rectangular resin films are heat-sealed, the surface area inside the grafting bag after sealing is the effective surface area of the resin film.

When the material itself of the grafting resin film of this embodiment has low oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability, at least one fine hole can be formed in the resin film. The opening area of one micropore is 7 × 10 ⁻⁵ mm ² or more, 8 × 10 ⁻¹ mm ² or less, preferably 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ mm ² or more, 1 × 10 ⁻¹ mm ² or less, more preferably 1 It is × 10 ⁻³ mm ² or more and 5 × 10 ⁻² mm ² or less. From the viewpoint of adjusting the oxygen transmission amount and the water vapor transmission rate within the above ranges, it is preferable to set the opening area of one micropore within the above range. As a method for forming the fine holes in the resin film, a normal method can be adopted.

  Further, depending on the material and film thickness of the resin film, the oxygen permeation amount and the water vapor permeation amount can be adjusted within the above ranges without opening fine holes. In such a case, the oxygen transmission amount and the water vapor transmission rate can be adjusted by selecting the material and film thickness of the resin film. Moreover, the amount of oxygen permeation and the amount of water vapor permeation can be adjusted by selecting the material of the resin film, the film thickness, and the size or number of micropores. The shape of the resin film bag is not particularly limited.

  The resin film for grafts of this embodiment has a tensile elongation measured according to JIS K7127 of 400% or less, preferably 200% or less. The resin film for grafts of the present embodiment has a tensile elongation in the above range, so that the resin film does not get caught or caught when the hogi grows, and it can be efficiently updated to a newly adopted variety. Since it can be performed, it is preferable.

  The resin film for grafts of this embodiment is composed of polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, or a composite material thereof. In the present embodiment, polypropylene is preferable, and stretched polypropylene having excellent mechanical strength such as tensile strength and tear strength is more preferable. The thickness of the grafting resin film is not particularly limited, but is usually 15 to 60 μm, and preferably 20 to 40 μm from the viewpoint of handling and cost.

  The grafting bag 10 of the present embodiment can be created using the above-mentioned resin film for grafting. Specifically, it can be created by superposing two rectangular resin films and heat-sealing three sides. Moreover, it can also be created by folding and overlapping one rectangular resin film and heat-sealing the two sides.

<Grafting method>
The grafting method of the present embodiment includes the following steps.
Step (a): The cut surface formed on the rootstock 12 and the cut surface formed on the hogi 14 are joined.
Step (b): The grafting bag 10 of this embodiment is covered so as to enclose the joining portion 16 of the rootstock 12 and the hogi 14 and the hogi 14.
Step (c): The mouth of the grafting bag 10 is closed, and the joint portion 16 and the hogi 14 are covered with the grafting bag 10.

  In the step (a), the cut surface formed on the rootstock 12 and the cut surface formed on the hogi 14 are combined, and the fixing means 18 such as tape or string is used so that these cut surfaces are in close contact with each other. Wrap around the rootstock 12.

Examples of combinations of the hogi 14 and the rootstock 12 include the following. In addition, it describes with Hogi 14 / stockstock 12.
Examples of the combination include citrus / karatachi, grape / tereki 5BB, apple / malva kaido, oyster / lawenbo, peach / hatsumomo, pear / manshuumamenashi, rose / noibara and the like. Plants to which the present invention can be applied include herbs in addition to trees, and examples of combinations in this case include watermelon / campicorn.

  The citrus fruits used as Hoki 14 include Natsuha Farma, Natsudai Kawano (Akanatsu), Akasumatsu, Shiranui, Miyayo Iyokan, Natsu Hinata, Kawachi Bankan, Kiyomi, Hashimoto Hayao, Nichinan No. 1, Lisbon lemons, Mayer lemons, Kavos, etc., grapes include Pione, Kyoho, Shine Muscat, etc. Apples include Fuji, Jonagold, Benitama, Tsugaru, Mutsu, the world's best, king Forests, Shinano sweets, Shinano gold, etc. can be cited, oysters can include Taiki, Fuyu, Jiro, Hirakawa Mugen, etc., and peaches can include Natsume, white birch, Asama white peach, etc. Can include Hosui, Kosui, Shintaka, etc., roses can include peace, rote roses, and watermelons can include striped kings. In addition, what is necessary is just to be able to graft a tree species (for example, citrus fruits, grapes) and varieties (for example, Karatachi, Agricultural Red Hachiman), and is not limited thereto.

  In the step (b), the grafting bag 10 of this embodiment is covered so as to enclose the joining portion 16 of the rootstock 12 and the hogi 14 and the hogi 14.

Then, in the step (c), the mouth of the graft bag 10 is closed at the base 12 and wound from the outside by a fixing means 20 such as tape or string. As a result, the joint portion 16 and the hogi 14 are sealed in the graft bag 10.
The operations in steps (b) and (c) can be performed in a short time, and the working efficiency is excellent as compared with the conventional method of covering all the joints with a paraffin film or the like.

  Since the grafting method of the present embodiment uses the grafting bag 10 using the grafting resin film of the present embodiment, it is possible to further improve the survival of the hotwood 14 and the growth of new shoots as compared with the conventional method. it can. Therefore, the method can be efficiently updated to a newly adopted product type.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described with reference to drawings, these are the illustrations of this invention, Various structures other than the above are also employable.

  For example, a plurality of hogi can be grafted on one rootstock. Furthermore, when a plurality of hogi are grafted on one rootstock, all the hogi and the joint portion can be covered with one grafting bag. Therefore, it is very excellent in work efficiency as compared with the conventional method in which the exposed portion of the hogi and all the joining portions are wound with a paraffin film or the like.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

1. Method for measuring physical properties of film
1.1. Amount of Oxygen Permeation (1) Production of Resin Bag The resin film having the material and thickness shown in Table 1 was provided with micropores of the size and number shown in Table 1 by a hot needle. Then, the four sides were heat-sealed with a width of 10 mm to produce a rectangular resin bag having an inner size of 30 mm × 70 mm. At this time, the surface area inside the resin bag after heat sealing is the effective surface area of the resin film (4200 mm ² = 0.0042 m ² ). All operations below are performed in the atmosphere.

(2) Enclosing nitrogen gas After sealing the resin bag with heat sealing, the inside of the resin bag is deaerated using an aspirator. Deaeration is performed until both sides of the resin bag are adhered. Next, this resin bag is filled with nitrogen gas (pure nitrogen gas) using a white hard syringe. The filling amount of nitrogen gas depends on the bag size, but as much as possible is put in a range where tension is not applied to the packaging film, and the injection amount of nitrogen gas is measured using the scale of the syringe barrel. The injection needle is pierced into the resin bag and the gas is taken in and out. When piercing the needle, a double-sided tape is applied to the resin film, and an adhesive tape made of polypropylene film (hereinafter referred to as “PP tape”) is applied thereon. Moreover, after removing the needle, the needle hole is immediately closed with PP tape. The tape to be attached to the resin bag should be within an area of 4.5 cm ² or less. In the case of a resin film having fine holes, care should be taken not to close the fine holes.

(3) Measurement of initial oxygen concentration Immediately after filling with nitrogen gas, the amount of oxygen in the resin bag was determined by gas chromatography, and the oxygen concentration C ₀ (volume%) was calculated. In this case, _{if C 0} is greater than 0.2 vol%, the (1) and (2) repeat the operations. The oxygen concentration was measured by injecting a certain amount of 1 cc or less into gas chromatography.

(4) Storage of resin bag Store the resin bag whose initial oxygen concentration was measured in an incubator at 23 ° C. At this time, place the object on the bag so that the wind of the incubator fan does not hit directly.

(5) Measurement of oxygen concentration in storage resin bag and calculation of oxygen permeation amount during storage At least two points or more, changing the elapsed time, sampling the gas in the resin bag and measuring the oxygen concentration in the resin bag. At this time, the elapsed time must be 3 hours or more immediately after nitrogen gas filling, and the oxygen concentration in the resin bag must be in the range of 1% to 7%. A proportional relationship (correlation coefficient of 0.98 or more) needs to be established between the elapsed time t (time) and the oxygen concentration in the resin bag. If the oxygen concentration in the resin bag is out of the range of 1% or more and 7% or less, or if the proportional relationship does not hold, retest. If the oxygen permeation amount of the resin film is too large and the oxygen concentration in the resin bag rises too quickly, and this condition cannot be cleared, a part of the resin film is made of the same material with a small oxygen permeation amount. The bag can be made in the same way. At this time, the surface area of the bag is excluded from the part pasted with another known film.

Next, the oxygen permeation amount F per unit area of the resin film is calculated by the following formula.
F = {1.143 × (C _t −C ₀ ) × V} / (t × S)
F: Oxygen permeation per unit area at 23 ° C. [(cc / (m ² · day · atm)]
C _t : Oxygen concentration (volume%) in the resin bag after elapse of time t from the time of filling with nitrogen gas
C ₀ : oxygen concentration (volume%) in the resin bag immediately after nitrogen gas filling
V: Amount of nitrogen gas charged (cc)
t: Elapsed time immediately after filling with nitrogen gas (hours)
S: Surface area inside resin bag (effective surface area of resin film) (m ² )
1) _Ct and t are calculated using the longest elapsed time value.

  In addition, when a bag is made by pasting a part of a resin film with a film of the same material that has a small oxygen permeation amount, the unit of the known film is obtained from the oxygen permeation amount per unit area obtained by the above measurement. A value obtained by subtracting the oxygen permeation amount per area is the oxygen permeation amount per unit area of the target resin film.

1.2. Water Vapor Permeability Using the resin film shown in Table 1, it was measured at 40 ° C. and 90% RH in accordance with JIS K7129.

1.3. Tensile elongation It was performed according to JIS K7127.

2. Grafting test Grafting was carried out under the following conditions, and the effects of differences in resin film on the survival of saplings and the growth of new shoots, and the influence of the method of the present invention on working time were confirmed.
(1) Test place Glass room (temperature: average 21.8 ° C. (11.7-33.4 ° C.), humidity: average 61.8% (22.4-78.9%)
(2) Test material Rootstock: 5L pot planted third grader (trunk diameter of about 20mm)
Hogi: Spring or summer treetop of lemon (variety Maglane) the previous year

  Coating material: As a grafting bag, a resin bag made of a resin film having different air permeability shown in Table 1 was used. In Experimental Example 13, Medale (Parafilm, manufactured by Agris Co., Ltd.) was used as a grafting tape.

[Experimental Examples 1 to 12]
The base side 1/5 and the tip side 1/5 of about 40 cm long collected in February were excised, and the central part was used. It adjusted with scissors so that there could be two buds (nodes) per one hogi. The rootstock was cut at about 5 cm above the ground, and the prepared hogi was joined and wound with tape to make a cut. Then, two resin films having different air permeability shown in Table 1 (outside dimensions 50 mm × 100 mm) were sealed with a width of 10 mm on three sides to create a grafting bag. Then, the grafting bag was covered so as to cover the joining part between the sagittarium and the rootstock and the sagittal, and was wrapped around the rootstock from the outside with a tape, and the saju and the joining part were sealed in the grafting bag. This was carried out at n = 5, and the survival rate of the spikelets, the length of the new shoots extended after grafting, and the working time were confirmed. After 20 days of grafting, the survival rate of the hogi (the ratio at which the hogi remains green after grafting) was 100%. The total length of the new shoot, the length of the longest shoot was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 2. The results are shown graphically in FIGS.

[Experimental Example 13]
After performing cutting and joining in the same manner as in Experimental Examples 1 to 12, the joint portion and the hotwood were wound with a grafting tape. This was carried out at n = 5, and the survival rate of the spikelets, the length of the new shoots extended after grafting, and the working time were confirmed. After 20 days of grafting, the survival rate of the hogi (the ratio at which the hogi remains green after grafting) was 100%. The total length of the new shoot, the length of the longest shoot was confirmed. Table 2 shows the average value of these lengths. The results are shown graphically in FIGS.

  As a result, the time taken to cover the scrub and the joined portion with the grafting bag was 17.5 seconds on average in Experimental Examples 1 to 12, whereas it was 32.3 seconds on average in Experimental Example 13. As described above, the method using the grafting bag according to the present invention shortens the working time by about 45% compared to the conventional method and improves the efficiency of the grafting work, so that labor saving can be achieved. .

10 Graft Bag 12 Rootstock 14 Hogi 16 Joint 18, 20 Fixing Means

Claims (11)

A grafting resin film constituting a jointing bag between the rootstock and the hogi and a grafting bag covering the hogi when grafting the hogi to the rootstock,
Oxygen permeation amount at 23 ° C. is 3 × 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · day · atm or more, and water vapor permeability at 40 ° C. and 90% RH is 50 g / m ² · day or less Resin film. The grafted resin film according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen permeation amount is 3 × 10 ⁴ cc / m ² · day · atm to 3 × 10 ⁶ cc / m ² · day · atm. The resin film for grafts according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor permeability is 10 g / m ² · day or less.   The graft resin film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the graft resin resin film has fine holes. The resin film for grafts according to claim 4, wherein an opening area of the fine holes is 7 × 10 ⁻⁵ mm ² or more and 8 × 10 ⁻¹ mm ² or less.   The resin film for grafts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, having a tensile elongation of 400% or less (JIS K7127).   The resin film for grafts according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising stretched polypropylene.   The resin film for grafts according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hogi is a fruit tree.   The resin film for grafts according to claim 8, wherein the fruit tree is citrus.   It forms from the resin film for grafts in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 9 used in order to cover the joining part of the said rootstock and the said hogi, and the said hogi, when grafting a hogi to a rootstock. Grafted bags. Joining the cut surface formed in the rootstock and the cut surface formed in Hogi;
The step of covering the grafting bag according to claim 10 so as to enclose the joining portion of the rootstock and the hogi and the hogi,
Closing the mouth of the grafting bag and covering the joint portion and the hogi with the grafting bag;
Grafting method with.

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