JP2011093520A - Mixed hybrid - Google Patents

Mixed hybrid Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2011093520A
JP2011093520A JP2010234352A JP2010234352A JP2011093520A JP 2011093520 A JP2011093520 A JP 2011093520A JP 2010234352 A JP2010234352 A JP 2010234352A JP 2010234352 A JP2010234352 A JP 2010234352A JP 2011093520 A JP2011093520 A JP 2011093520A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
transmission
electric machine
combustion engine
internal combustion
drive train
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
JP2010234352A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Oliver Poschmann
ポシュマン オリバー
Martin Roth
ロート マルティン
Klaus Bastian
バスティアン クラウス
Marco Fleckner
フレックナー マルコ
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Publication of JP2011093520A publication Critical patent/JP2011093520A/en
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drive train that is of simple design and can be used universally, as a combination of a serial-hybrid with a parallel-hybrid. <P>SOLUTION: A hybrid drive train for a vehicle has an internal combustion engine, two electric machines and a transmission that are mechanically connected to one another to drive at least one axle of the vehicle. The internal combustion engine (1) and the first electric machine (2) are provided on an input shaft of the transmission (3), and the second electric machine (4) is provided on an output shaft (6) of the transmission or on an axle of the vehicle. The maximum power and/or the maximum torque of the internal combustion engine are/is substantially larger than the power or torque that can be transmitted by the transmission. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、パラレルハイブリッド型部分駆動系およびシリアルハイブリッド型部分駆動系を含むハイブリッド車用の駆動列（ドライブトレイン）に関する。   The present invention relates to a drive train for a hybrid vehicle including a parallel hybrid type partial drive system and a serial hybrid type partial drive system.

ハイブリッド車用の駆動列は様々な実施形態で公知である。例えば、いわゆるパラレルハイブリッドの場合、内燃機関および電気機械は、ハイブリッド車を駆動するのに、単独でまたは共同して駆動列に出力またはトルクを加えることができるように配置される。これは、電気機械が内燃機関を補助することを可能にする。さらに、シリアルハイブリッドと呼ばれるものは、発電機として動作する電気機械を内燃機関が駆動するとして公知である。このような関係において発生した電流は、例えば、バッテリなどの蓄電池に送られる、かつ／またはモータとして動作する電気機械に電力を供給するのに使用される。これは、内燃機関が最良点で燃料消費上最適に動作することを可能にする。   Drive trains for hybrid vehicles are known in various embodiments. For example, in the case of so-called parallel hybrids, the internal combustion engine and the electric machine are arranged so that power or torque can be applied to the drive train alone or jointly to drive the hybrid vehicle. This allows the electric machine to assist the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, what is called a serial hybrid is known as an internal combustion engine driving an electric machine that operates as a generator. The current generated in such a relationship is used, for example, to supply power to an electrical machine that is sent to a storage battery such as a battery and / or operates as a motor. This allows the internal combustion engine to operate optimally in terms of fuel consumption at the best point.

さらに、シリアルハイブリッド駆動をパラレルハイブリッド駆動と組み合わせることも公知である。そのような併用型駆動列は、その種類の概念を形成する下記特許文献１に提示されている。この場合に、内燃機関、２つの電気機械、およびトランスミッションのトルクをつなぐために、遊星歯車機構が設けられる。   It is also known to combine serial hybrid drive with parallel hybrid drive. Such a combined drive train is presented in Patent Document 1 below, which forms that kind of concept. In this case, a planetary gear mechanism is provided to connect torques of the internal combustion engine, the two electric machines, and the transmission.

独国特許出願公開第１０ ２００７ ００２ ７３４号明細書German Patent Application Publication No. 10 2007 002 734

本発明の目的は、シリアルハイブリッドをパラレルハイブリッドと組み合わせた、構造が簡単で汎用的に使用できる駆動列を提案することである。本発明の目的はまた、対応する駆動列を動作させる方法を提案することである。   An object of the present invention is to propose a drive train that has a simple structure and can be used universally, in which a serial hybrid is combined with a parallel hybrid. The object of the invention is also to propose a method for operating the corresponding drive train.

その目的は、装置に関しては請求項１の特徴によって達成される。その目的は、方法に関しては請求項６および請求項１０の特徴によって達成される。   This object is achieved with the features of claim 1 with regard to the device. The object is achieved with respect to the method by the features of claims 6 and 10.

本発明は、内燃機関が最大限に供給できるよりもかなり小さい最大出力またはかなり小さい最大トルクを伝動するように構成されたトランスミッションを、混合型ハイブリッド式の駆動列に装備するという概念に基づく。これに関連して、かなり小さいとは、例えば、半分または１／３だけ小さいことを意味する。このために、内燃機関は、トランスミッションの入力シャフト上の第１の電気機械と一緒に配置される。第２の電気機械は、トランスミッションの出力シャフトに設けられるか、または車両のアクスル（車軸）に作用するように設けられるかのいずれかである。これに関連して、第２の電気機械という用語は、１つの電気機械の代わりに２つ以上の電気機械を有する構造を含めたものと解釈することもできる。   The invention is based on the concept that a hybrid hybrid drive train is equipped with a transmission configured to transmit a considerably smaller maximum output or a considerably smaller maximum torque than the internal combustion engine can supply to the maximum. In this context, fairly small means, for example, that it is half or 1/3 smaller. For this purpose, the internal combustion engine is arranged with a first electric machine on the input shaft of the transmission. The second electric machine is either provided on the output shaft of the transmission or is provided to act on the axle of the vehicle. In this context, the term second electric machine can also be interpreted as including a structure having two or more electric machines instead of one electric machine.

伝動されなければならない最大トルクが小さいので、上記の「トランスミッションの小型化」により、例えば、ディスクがより少ないトランスミッション内部クラッチを使用することが可能になり、その結果、トランスミッションで発生する損失もより小さくなる。さらに、例えば、変速段数、間隔および／またはステップ（ｓｐａｃｉｎｇ ａｎｄ／ｏｒ ｓｔｅｐｐｉｎｇ）を低減することにより、トランスミッションの構造を単純化することができる。したがって、例えば、変速段をより少なくするか、または様々な最大トルクに対応する変速段を構成することが可能である。   Since the maximum torque that must be transmitted is small, the above-mentioned “miniaturization of the transmission” makes it possible, for example, to use a transmission internal clutch with fewer discs, resulting in less loss in the transmission. Become. Furthermore, the structure of the transmission can be simplified, for example by reducing the number of gears, the spacing and / or the steps (or spacing and / or stepping). Therefore, for example, it is possible to reduce the number of gears or to configure gears corresponding to various maximum torques.

この特有の構成は多数の利点をもたらす。ハイブリッド駆動列は、この場合には混合型ハイブリッドとして、シリアルハイブリッドおよびパラレルハイブリッドの両方の態様で動作する。この場合に、車両の少なくとも１つのアクスルを機械的に駆動するために、トランスミッションが伝動できる最大出力レベルのみ、または、伝動され得る内燃機関の最大トルクを利用する。これを超える内燃機関の出力レベルは、第１の電気機械を発電機として動作させることで電流に変換される。したがって、有利にも、効率のレベルが比較的高い、小型で軽量のトランスミッションが使用可能になる。さらに、例えば、過給などの内燃機関の動力性能を強化する手段の代わりに、ここでは、相当するトルク性能を備えた電気機械を使用することが可能である。さらなる利点は、内燃機関に近接して配置された電気機械、および車両のアクスルに近接して配置された電気機械の両方が存在することである。これに関連して、内燃機関に近接して配置された電気機械は、内燃機関の出力シフトに特に適している。アクスルに近接して配置された電気機械は、電気走行または回生（ｒｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ）に特に適している。   This unique configuration provides a number of advantages. The hybrid drive train operates as both a hybrid hybrid in this case as both a serial hybrid and a parallel hybrid. In this case, in order to mechanically drive at least one axle of the vehicle, only the maximum output level at which the transmission can be transmitted or the maximum torque of the internal combustion engine that can be transmitted is used. The output level of the internal combustion engine exceeding this is converted into an electric current by operating the first electric machine as a generator. Thus, advantageously, a small and lightweight transmission with a relatively high level of efficiency can be used. Furthermore, instead of means for enhancing the power performance of the internal combustion engine, for example supercharging, it is possible here to use an electric machine with a corresponding torque performance. A further advantage is that there are both electric machines located close to the internal combustion engine and electric machines located close to the vehicle axle. In this connection, an electric machine arranged close to the internal combustion engine is particularly suitable for an output shift of the internal combustion engine. An electric machine placed in close proximity to the axle is particularly suitable for electric travel or regeneration.

したがって、トランスミッション入力シャフトに設けられるこの第１の電気機械を相応した容量にすることができる。つまり、第１の電気機械が発電機として動作中に、最大限で、内燃機関の最大出力レベルまたはトルクとトランスミッションが伝動できる最大出力レベルまたはトルクとの間の差分に相当する、内燃機関の出力レベルまたはトルクを電流に変換するように、前記第１の電気機械を構成することが可能である。   Thus, the first electric machine provided on the transmission input shaft can be of a corresponding capacity. That is, the output of the internal combustion engine corresponding to the maximum difference between the maximum output level or torque of the internal combustion engine and the maximum output level or torque that the transmission can transmit while the first electric machine is operating as a generator. The first electric machine can be configured to convert level or torque into current.

好ましい一実施形態では、トランスミッションは、入力シャフトおよび出力シャフトを有し、内燃機関および第１の電気機械は入力シャフトに配置され、第２の電気機械は、トランスミッションの出力シャフトに配置される。これは、発明概念に対する単純構造の問題解決手段となる。もちろん、入力シャフトが２つ以上あるトランスミッションを使用することもできる。トランスミッションシャフトと電気機械との間を、例えば、直接的に、ベルトを介して、またはギヤホイールを介してなど、様々な方法で連結することができる。   In a preferred embodiment, the transmission has an input shaft and an output shaft, the internal combustion engine and the first electric machine are disposed on the input shaft, and the second electric machine is disposed on the output shaft of the transmission. This provides a simple structure problem solution to the inventive concept. Of course, a transmission with two or more input shafts can also be used. The transmission shaft and the electric machine can be connected in various ways, for example directly, via a belt or via a gear wheel.

トランスミッションと第２の電気機械との間にクラッチ、例えば、湿式クラッチまたは乾式クラッチとして具現化されるクラッチを配置することを提案するのは有益である。このクラッチを切る（開く）ことで、駆動列をシリアルハイブリッドとして容易に動作させることができる。この場合に、内燃機関は、発電機として動作する第１の電気機械に動力を供給する。発生した電流は、モータとして動作する第２の電気機械に電力を供給する働きをするか、または、例えば、高電圧バッテリなどの蓄電池に蓄積される。これにより、シリアルハイブリッドを形成することができる。   It is beneficial to arrange a clutch embodied as a clutch, for example a wet clutch or a dry clutch, between the transmission and the second electric machine. By disconnecting (opening) this clutch, the drive train can be easily operated as a serial hybrid. In this case, the internal combustion engine supplies power to the first electric machine that operates as a generator. The generated current functions to supply electric power to the second electric machine that operates as a motor, or is accumulated in a storage battery such as a high-voltage battery. Thereby, a serial hybrid can be formed.

トランスミッションが、車両の別のアクスルを駆動するためのもう１つのシャフト（追加のシャフト）を有することによって、機械式全輪駆動を容易に実現することができる。この場合に、第２の電気機械が配置されるトランスミッションの出力シャフトのほかの、このもう１つのシャフトが、車両の別のアクスルを駆動することができる。   By having another transmission (an additional shaft) for driving another axle of the vehicle, the mechanical all-wheel drive can be easily realized. In this case, this other shaft, in addition to the output shaft of the transmission in which the second electric machine is arranged, can drive another axle of the vehicle.

もう１つのシャフト、またはもう１つのシャフトによって駆動されるアクスルのホイールは、切り離すことができるように設けられるのが好ましい。これは、このクラッチまたはこれらのクラッチが切られた（開かれた）場合に車両の完全な電気駆動を可能にする。   The other shaft, or the wheel of the axle driven by the other shaft, is preferably provided so that it can be disconnected. This allows full electric drive of the vehicle when this clutch or these clutches are disengaged (opened).

そのようなハイブリッド駆動列の動作中に、トランスミッション入力シャフトに設けられた第１の電気機械を発電機として動作させるのが好ましい。これは、この第１の電気機械が内燃機関に近接して配置されることから、特に、内燃機関の出力シフト時に有益である。   During the operation of such a hybrid drive train, the first electric machine provided on the transmission input shaft is preferably operated as a generator. This is particularly beneficial when the output of the internal combustion engine is shifted because the first electric machine is arranged close to the internal combustion engine.

本発明によるハイブリッド駆動列を搭載した車両を駆動するために、トランスミッションの最大許容出力レベルまたはトルクまで、内燃機関が、その出力またはトルクをトランスミッションに機械的に加えるのが好ましい。その場合に、これを超える内燃機関の出力レベルまたはトルクは、発電機として動作する第１の電気機械に加えられ、電流に変換される。これは、高効率の電気モータをコンパクトな構造のトランスミッションと共に使用することを可能にする。本発明によるハイブリッド駆動列では、第２の電気機械をモータとして動作させるのが好ましい。この第２の電気機械は、アクスルに近接して設けられ、したがって、電気走行またはハイブリッド車の動力を増強するのに有利なように配置される。   In order to drive a vehicle equipped with a hybrid drive train according to the present invention, it is preferred that the internal combustion engine mechanically apply its output or torque to the transmission up to the maximum allowable output level or torque of the transmission. In that case, the output level or torque of the internal combustion engine exceeding this is applied to the first electric machine operating as a generator and converted into a current. This allows a high efficiency electric motor to be used with a compact transmission. In the hybrid drive train according to the present invention, the second electric machine is preferably operated as a motor. This second electric machine is provided in close proximity to the axle and is therefore arranged in an advantageous way to enhance the power of electric travel or hybrid vehicles.

第２の電気機械は、その位置がアクスルに近いために回生に特に適していることから、本発明によるハイブリッド駆動列での回生をこの第２の電気機械を使用して行うことも好ましい。   Since the second electric machine is particularly suitable for regeneration because its position is close to the axle, it is also preferable to perform regeneration in the hybrid drive train according to the present invention using this second electric machine.

本発明によるハイブリッド駆動列の可能な実施形態を示している。2 shows a possible embodiment of a hybrid drive train according to the invention. 本発明によるハイブリッド駆動列の可能な実施形態を示している。2 shows a possible embodiment of a hybrid drive train according to the invention. 本発明によるハイブリッド駆動列の可能な実施形態を示している。2 shows a possible embodiment of a hybrid drive train according to the invention.

本発明が、図面を参照して以下にさらに詳細に提示される。ここで、図１〜３は、本発明によるハイブリッド駆動列の３つの可能な実施形態を示している。これに関連して、同じ参照符号はそれぞれ、３つの図すべての中の同じ要素に使用される。   The invention is presented in more detail below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show three possible embodiments of the hybrid drive train according to the invention. In this regard, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements in all three figures, respectively.

図１による第１の実施形態では、トランスミッション３の入力シャフトに配置された内燃機関１が提示されている。トランスミッション３は、例えば、オートマチックトランスミッションとして具現化することができる。第１の電気機械２もトランスミッション３の入力シャフトに配置されている。この電気機械は、例えば、トランスミッション入力シャフトに直接連結される３相非同期電流機械として具現化される。トランスミッション３が伝動することができ、トランスミッション出力シャフト６に伝動することができる最大出力レベルまたはトルクは、この場合、内燃機関１が生成できる最大出力レベルまたはトルクよりもかなり小さい。これに関連して、かなり小さいとは、例えば、半分または１／３だけ小さいことを意味する。例えば、内燃機関１は、最大トルクが７００Ｎｍであり、一方、トランスミッション３は、最大トルク４００Ｎｍを伝動することができる。この場合に、第１の電気機械２は、動作時のトルク約３００Ｎｍに対する発電機として構成することができる。したがって、内燃機関１が生成できる最大トルク７００Ｎｍは、発電機として動作する電気機械２が取り込むことができる最大トルク３００Ｎｍと、トランスミッション３が伝動できるトルク４００Ｎｍとの合計に正確に一致する。   In the first embodiment according to FIG. 1, an internal combustion engine 1 arranged on the input shaft of a transmission 3 is presented. The transmission 3 can be embodied as an automatic transmission, for example. The first electric machine 2 is also arranged on the input shaft of the transmission 3. This electric machine is embodied, for example, as a three-phase asynchronous current machine that is directly connected to the transmission input shaft. The maximum output level or torque that the transmission 3 can transmit and can be transmitted to the transmission output shaft 6 is in this case considerably smaller than the maximum output level or torque that the internal combustion engine 1 can generate. In this context, fairly small means, for example, that it is half or 1/3 smaller. For example, the internal combustion engine 1 has a maximum torque of 700 Nm, while the transmission 3 can transmit a maximum torque of 400 Nm. In this case, the first electric machine 2 can be configured as a generator for a torque of about 300 Nm during operation. Therefore, the maximum torque 700 Nm that can be generated by the internal combustion engine 1 exactly matches the sum of the maximum torque 300 Nm that can be taken in by the electric machine 2 that operates as a generator and the torque 400 Nm that the transmission 3 can transmit.

さらに、第２の電気機械４がトランスミッション出力シャフト６に配置されている。別のトランスミッションも、オプションとして、第２の電気機械４とトランスミッション出力シャフト６との間に設けられる。トランスミッション出力シャフト６は、車両のアクスル８を駆動するために差動装置７まで延びる。あるいは、２つの第２の電気機械４が、車両のアクスル８を駆動するために差動装置７の出力部に設けられ、適切な場合、やはりトランスミッションがいずれの場合にも設けられる。さらに、トランスミッション出力シャフト６は、第２の電気機械４とトランスミッション３との間にオプションのクラッチ９を有する。このクラッチ９がつながった（閉じた）場合、内燃機関１は、差動装置７によりトランスミッション３を介してアクスル８を機械的に駆動することができる。クラッチ９が切られた（開いた）場合、アクスル８は、差動装置７によって電気機械４にのみ機械的に連結される。このオプションのクラッチ９がない場合、トランスミッション３はニュートラル位置にシフトされて、アクスル８は、電気機械４にのみ機械的に連結される。   Furthermore, a second electric machine 4 is arranged on the transmission output shaft 6. Another transmission is optionally provided between the second electric machine 4 and the transmission output shaft 6. The transmission output shaft 6 extends to a differential 7 for driving a vehicle axle 8. Alternatively, two second electric machines 4 are provided at the output of the differential 7 for driving the axle 8 of the vehicle, and if appropriate, a transmission is also provided in each case. Further, the transmission output shaft 6 has an optional clutch 9 between the second electric machine 4 and the transmission 3. When the clutch 9 is connected (closed), the internal combustion engine 1 can mechanically drive the axle 8 via the transmission 3 by the differential device 7. When the clutch 9 is disengaged (opened), the axle 8 is mechanically connected only to the electric machine 4 by the differential 7. Without this optional clutch 9, the transmission 3 is shifted to the neutral position and the axle 8 is mechanically connected only to the electric machine 4.

さらに、例えば、高電圧バッテリとして具現化できる蓄電池５が設けられている。蓄電池５は、対応する高電圧用リード線を介して第１の電気機械２および第２の電気機械４に接続されていて、対応する制御装置または電力用電子回路は、簡潔にするために図示されていない。   Furthermore, for example, a storage battery 5 that can be embodied as a high voltage battery is provided. The storage battery 5 is connected to the first electric machine 2 and the second electric machine 4 via corresponding high voltage leads, and the corresponding controller or power electronics are shown for simplicity. It has not been.

さらに、駆動列は内燃機関１によって従来の方法で駆動することができる。このため、この例では、差動装置７を用いて最大トルク４００Ｎｍを内燃機関１からトランスミッション３を経てアクスル８に伝動することができる。   Furthermore, the drive train can be driven by the internal combustion engine 1 in a conventional manner. For this reason, in this example, the maximum torque 400 Nm can be transmitted from the internal combustion engine 1 to the axle 8 via the transmission 3 using the differential device 7.

蓄電池５を充電する、かつ／または、例えば、第２の電気機械４などの車両のさらなる電気負荷に給電するために、第１の電気機械２は発電機として動作することができる。この場合に、アクスル８を駆動するのに、内燃機関１に加えて、第２の電気機械４を使用することもできる。そのような高負荷運転では、内燃機関１の最大出力は、機械部分と電気部分とに分割される。この場合に、機械部分は４００Ｎｍであり、トランスミッション３を介して出力シャフト６に加えられる。電気部分は、発電機として動作する第１の電気機械２および／または蓄電池５からの電流によって提供され、この電流は、モータとして動作する第２の電気機械４に電力を供給する。その結果、電気部分はまた、第２の電気機械４のトルクとしてトランスミッション出力シャフト６に加えられる。   In order to charge the storage battery 5 and / or to supply a further electrical load of the vehicle, for example the second electrical machine 4, the first electrical machine 2 can operate as a generator. In this case, in addition to the internal combustion engine 1, the second electric machine 4 can be used to drive the axle 8. In such a high load operation, the maximum output of the internal combustion engine 1 is divided into a mechanical part and an electric part. In this case, the mechanical part is 400 Nm and is applied to the output shaft 6 via the transmission 3. The electrical part is provided by a current from a first electric machine 2 and / or a storage battery 5 operating as a generator, which supplies power to a second electric machine 4 operating as a motor. As a result, the electrical part is also applied to the transmission output shaft 6 as the torque of the second electric machine 4.

シリアルハイブリッド運転は、クラッチ９が切られ（開かれ）、あるいは、トランスミッション３がニュートラル位置にシフトされて、第１の電気機械２が発電機として動作することにより可能になる。第１の電気機械２は、内燃機関１によって駆動されて電流を生成する。電流は蓄電池５に蓄積される、かつ／または第２の電気機械４に電力を供給するのに使用される。これにより、第２の電気機械４は差動装置７を介してアクスル８を駆動する。このようなシリアルハイブリッド運転は、連続的にあるいは間欠的に行うことができる。これは、例えば、触媒コンバータの加熱を最適化し、したがって、内燃機関の排気ガスを改善するために、車両の速度から切り離した方法で内燃機関が触媒コンバータを加熱するのを可能にする。   The serial hybrid operation is enabled by the clutch 9 being disengaged (opened) or the transmission 3 being shifted to the neutral position and the first electric machine 2 operating as a generator. The first electric machine 2 is driven by the internal combustion engine 1 to generate a current. The current is stored in the storage battery 5 and / or used to supply power to the second electric machine 4. As a result, the second electric machine 4 drives the axle 8 via the differential device 7. Such serial hybrid operation can be performed continuously or intermittently. This allows, for example, the internal combustion engine to heat the catalytic converter in a manner that is decoupled from the vehicle speed to optimize the heating of the catalytic converter and thus improve the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine.

回生は、第２の電気機械を用いて行われるのが好ましい。これに関連して、内燃機関１は停止され、クラッチ９は切られる（開かれる）。回生中に、いっそう強力な制動が必要とされる場合、クラッチ９をつなげる（閉じる）ことができ、したがって、トランスミッション出力シャフト６を介して、この場合に発電機として補助的に動作する電気機械２に運動エネルギを伝動することができる。   The regeneration is preferably performed using the second electric machine. In this connection, the internal combustion engine 1 is stopped and the clutch 9 is disengaged (opened). If more powerful braking is required during regeneration, the clutch 9 can be engaged (closed) and thus via the transmission output shaft 6 an electric machine 2 acting in this case as an auxiliary generator. It is possible to transmit kinetic energy.

ハイブリッド駆動列のコールドスタート時に、内燃機関１の熱が十分に分散されてトランスミッション３のオイルを温めるのに利用できるまで、シリアルハイブリッド運転を行うのが好ましい。したがって、車両が内燃機関１によって駆動される場合に、最小限の損失で従来の運転を行うことができる。   During a cold start of the hybrid drive train, serial hybrid operation is preferably performed until the heat of the internal combustion engine 1 is sufficiently dispersed and can be used to warm the oil in the transmission 3. Therefore, when the vehicle is driven by the internal combustion engine 1, the conventional operation can be performed with a minimum loss.

図２による第２の実施形態では、車両の第２のアクスル８’を駆動するために、トランスミッション３のもう１つのシャフト１０（追加シャフト）が設けられている。したがって、この場合、この駆動列の従来の運転時に、アクスル８およびアクスル８’の両方が、内燃機関１によってトランスミッション３を介して駆動される。さらに、第２のアクスル８’のホイールをもう１つのシャフト１０から切り離すために、２つのクラッチ１１が設けられている。クラッチ１１が切られる（開く）と、それにより、完全な電気走行が可能になる。これに関連して、アクスル８のみが駆動される。あるいは、２つのクラッチ１１の代わりに、もう１つのシャフト１０内の単一クラッチもあり得る。他の動作状態は、図１に示した第１の実施形態と同様である。   In the second embodiment according to FIG. 2, another shaft 10 (additional shaft) of the transmission 3 is provided for driving the second axle 8 ′ of the vehicle. Therefore, in this case, both the axle 8 and the axle 8 ′ are driven via the transmission 3 by the internal combustion engine 1 during the conventional operation of this drive train. In addition, two clutches 11 are provided to disconnect the wheel of the second axle 8 ′ from the other shaft 10. When the clutch 11 is disengaged (opened), this allows complete electric travel. In this connection, only the axle 8 is driven. Alternatively, instead of two clutches 11 there may be a single clutch in another shaft 10. Other operation states are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

第３の実施形態が図３に示されている。この実施形態は、第２の電気機械４がトランスミッション出力シャフト６に設けられるのではなくて、別のアクスル８”に作用するように設けられている点で前述の実施形態とは異なっている。したがって、別のアクスル８”は、実際上電気アクスルとして具現化される。従来の運転では、アクスル８は、内燃機関１によってトランスミッション出力シャフト６を介して駆動される。別のアクスル８”を駆動するのに、第２の電気機械４をモータとして動作させることで完全な電気走行が行われる。これに関連して、クラッチ１２がアクスル８またはアクスル８のホイールを切り離すために設けられている。さらに、内燃機関１が停止されると、アクスル８を第１の電気機械２によってのみ駆動することができる。   A third embodiment is shown in FIG. This embodiment differs from the previous embodiment in that the second electric machine 4 is not provided on the transmission output shaft 6 but on the other axle 8 ″. Thus, another axle 8 "is practically embodied as an electric axle. In conventional operation, the axle 8 is driven by the internal combustion engine 1 via the transmission output shaft 6. In order to drive another axle 8 ", complete electric travel is performed by operating the second electric machine 4 as a motor. In this connection, the clutch 12 disconnects the axle 8 or the wheel of the axle 8. Further, when the internal combustion engine 1 is stopped, the axle 8 can be driven only by the first electric machine 2.

第１の電気機械２が発電機として動作し、第２の電気機械４がモータとして同時に動作する場合に、シリアルハイブリッド運転が可能である。また、これに関連して、この場合にも連続的なシリアルハイブリッド運転または間欠的なシリアルハイブリッド運転を行うことが可能である。それにより、高負荷用運転手段として全輪駆動が可能になる。これに関連して、内燃機関１の出力は、従来の構成要素に割り当てられ、トランスミッション３を介して車両のアクスル８に機械的に加えられる。さらに、シリアル構成要素は、発電機として動作する第１の電気機械２を介し、適切な場合は、さらに蓄電池５から電流を第２の電気機械４に供給するように構成されている。さらには、アクスルに近接し、発電機として動作する第２の電気機械４を用いて回生が行われる。また、これに関連して、制動を強化するために、第１の電気機械２を発電機として動作させることがさらに可能である。   Serial hybrid operation is possible when the first electric machine 2 operates as a generator and the second electric machine 4 operates simultaneously as a motor. In this connection, continuous serial hybrid operation or intermittent serial hybrid operation can also be performed in this case. Thereby, all-wheel drive becomes possible as a driving means for high load. In this connection, the output of the internal combustion engine 1 is assigned to conventional components and mechanically applied to the vehicle axle 8 via the transmission 3. Furthermore, the serial component is configured to supply current from the storage battery 5 to the second electric machine 4 via the first electric machine 2 operating as a generator, if appropriate. Furthermore, regeneration is performed using the second electric machine 4 that is close to the axle and operates as a generator. Also in this context, it is further possible to operate the first electric machine 2 as a generator in order to enhance braking.

要約すると、本発明は、トランスミッションを小型化した混合型ハイブリッドを提供する。これに関連して、駆動列は、パラレルハイブリッド型部分駆動列およびシリアルハイブリッド型部分駆動列を含む。内燃機関のトルクまたは出力レベルは、車両を駆動するために、パラレルハイブリッド型部分駆動列を通じて、トランスミッションにとって許容できる入力トルクまでのみ適用される。これを超えるトルクまたは出力レベルは、車両を駆動するためにシリアルハイブリッドの形態で実現される。駆動列は、内燃機関のトルクまたは出力レベルが、電気機械およびトランスミッションの出力レベルまたはトルクの合計として設定されるように構成されるのが好ましい。混合型ハイブリッドは、プラグインハイブリッドと呼ばれるものと同様に、外部蓄電池で外部から蓄電池を充電するように構成することもできる。   In summary, the present invention provides a mixed hybrid with a miniaturized transmission. In this connection, the drive train includes a parallel hybrid partial drive train and a serial hybrid partial drive train. The torque or power level of the internal combustion engine is applied only up to the input torque that is acceptable for the transmission through the parallel hybrid partial drive train to drive the vehicle. A torque or output level exceeding this is realized in the form of a serial hybrid to drive the vehicle. The drive train is preferably configured such that the torque or output level of the internal combustion engine is set as the sum of the output level or torque of the electric machine and the transmission. Similarly to what is called a plug-in hybrid, the mixed hybrid can be configured to charge the storage battery from the outside with an external storage battery.

１ 内燃機関
２ 第１の電気機械
３ トランスミッション
４ 第２の電気機械
６ トランスミッション出力シャフト
８ アクスル DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Internal combustion engine 2 1st electric machine 3 Transmission 4 2nd electric machine 6 Transmission output shaft 8 Axle

Claims (11)

車両用のハイブリッド駆動列であって、前記車両の少なくとも１つのアクスルを駆動するために、互いに機械的に連結された内燃機関、２つの電気機械、およびトランスミッションを含むハイブリッド駆動列において、前記内燃機関（１）および第１の電気機械（２）は、前記トランスミッション（３）の入力シャフトに設けられ、第２の電気機械（４）は、前記トランミッションの出力シャフト（６）に設けられるか、または前記車両のアクスルに作用するように設けられ、前記内燃機関の最大出力および／または最大トルクは、前記トランスミッションが伝動できる出力またはトルクよりもかなり大きい、ハイブリッド駆動列。   A hybrid drive train for a vehicle, wherein the internal combustion engine includes an internal combustion engine, two electric machines, and a transmission that are mechanically coupled to each other to drive at least one axle of the vehicle. (1) and the first electric machine (2) are provided on the input shaft of the transmission (3), and the second electric machine (4) is provided on the output shaft (6) of the transmission, Alternatively, a hybrid drive train provided to act on the axle of the vehicle, wherein the maximum output and / or maximum torque of the internal combustion engine is substantially greater than the output or torque that the transmission can transmit. 前記トランスミッションは、入力シャフトおよび出力シャフトを有し、前記内燃機関および第１の電気機械は、前記入力シャフトに配置され、第２の電気機械は、前記トランスミッションの前記出力シャフトに配置され、前記トランスミッションの前記出力シャフトは、前記車両のアクスル（８）を駆動するように設けられる、請求項１に記載のハイブリッド駆動列。   The transmission includes an input shaft and an output shaft, the internal combustion engine and the first electric machine are disposed on the input shaft, and a second electric machine is disposed on the output shaft of the transmission, and the transmission The hybrid drive train of claim 1, wherein the output shaft is provided to drive an axle (8) of the vehicle. クラッチ（９）が、前記トランスミッションと前記第２の電気機械との間に設けられる、請求項２に記載のハイブリッド駆動列。   The hybrid drive train according to claim 2, wherein a clutch (9) is provided between the transmission and the second electric machine. 前記トランスミッションは、前記車両の別のアクスル（８’）を駆動するための追加シャフト（１０）を有する、請求項３に記載のハイブリッド駆動列。   The hybrid drive train according to claim 3, wherein the transmission has an additional shaft (10) for driving another axle (8 ') of the vehicle. 前記追加シャフト、または前記追加シャフトによって駆動される前記別のアクスルのホイールは、それらを切り離すことができるように設けられる、請求項４に記載のハイブリッド駆動列。   The hybrid drive train of claim 4, wherein the additional shaft or a wheel of the other axle driven by the additional shaft is provided so that they can be disconnected. 請求項１〜５のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド駆動列を動作させる方法であって、前記第１の電気機械は発電機として動作する、方法。   6. A method of operating a hybrid drive train according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the first electric machine operates as a generator. 前記内燃機関の前記出力は、前記トランスミッションが伝動できる出力レベルまでトランスミッションに加えられ、これを超える前記内燃機関の出力レベルは、発電機として動作する前記第１の電気機械に加えられる、請求項６に記載の方法。   The output of the internal combustion engine is applied to the transmission to an output level at which the transmission can transmit, and an output level of the internal combustion engine that exceeds the output is applied to the first electric machine operating as a generator. The method described in 1. 前記第２の電気機械はモータとして動作する、請求項６または請求項７に記載の方法。   8. A method according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the second electric machine operates as a motor. 前記トランスミッションを前記被動アクスルから切り離すためにクラッチが設けられ、前記クラッチが切られた場合に、前記内燃機関は、発電機として動作する前記第１の電気機械だけを駆動する、請求項６に記載の方法。   7. A clutch is provided to disconnect the transmission from the driven axle, and when the clutch is disengaged, the internal combustion engine drives only the first electric machine operating as a generator. the method of. 請求項１〜５のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド駆動列の回生方法であって、前記第２の電気機械は発電機として動作する、方法。   The method for regenerating a hybrid drive train according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second electric machine operates as a generator. 請求項１〜５のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド駆動列のコールドスタート方法であって、前記内燃機関の熱が十分に分散されて、前記トランスミッションのオイルを温めるのに利用できるまでシリアルハイブリッド運転を行う、方法。   6. A cold start method for a hybrid drive train according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heat of the internal combustion engine is sufficiently dispersed and can be used to warm up the oil in the transmission. Do the way.
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