JP2011069186A - Flooding slope greening structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a flooding slope greening structure which smoothly and surely greens the flooding slope in a simple constitution. <P>SOLUTION: A water-level fluctuation area 11A of the flooding slope 11 is provided with a seed-setting means 13, which is composed of one or more kinds among a string-like body, a mesh-like body, or a porous structure, for capturing plant seeds floating on a water surface 12 so as to settle the seeds onto the water-level fluctuation area 11A. A plurality of ropes, at least one of which is a water-retaining rope, are twisted together to be used as the string-like body. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a flooded slope greening structure in a dam lake or a reservoir.

  The inundation slope in dam lakes and reservoirs is a land area that is always above the water surface, and a water level fluctuation area that is above the water surface or below the water surface due to fluctuations in the water level. The greening of the flood slope is done for both areas. For the land area, a general slope planting method can be used, but in the water level fluctuation area, the topsoil is unstable and bare due to physical disturbance such as waves or scouring. Stable greening was not possible with the same greening method as the land area. Thus, various methods for greening the bare ground in such a water level fluctuation region have been proposed.

  For example, a method has been proposed in which an inclined ground surface is covered with a mat, the top is covered with a presser net, and the presser net is fixed to the slope with an anchor pin (for example, Patent Document 1, Patent Document 6, Patent Document 7). See). However, this method only prevented the collapse of the bare surface, and there was no idea of greening the slope. For this reason, a greening base material containing coconut fiber fibers and water-retaining pulp and the remainder being bark compost has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In addition, a method of placing a non-woven bag in a net cage and continuously installing a box filled with vegetation base material inside the bag on the flooded slope, with a float attached to a bag-like mat A method of greening a waterfront that floats on the water surface has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5). In addition, after fixing a number of bamboo cylinders with holes for anchor insertion to the flood slopes at appropriate intervals, the flood slopes that cover the bamboo cylinders and on the bamboo cylinders with a spraying material such as a vegetation base material are covered. A greening method has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 8). Furthermore, a method for greening a flooded slope is proposed in which a growth base containing rock wool, peat moss, cement, zeolite, vermiculite, etc. is blown with a blower (for example, Patent Document 9, Patent Document 10 and the like). reference.). On the other hand, a tree species suitable for greening a slope that is submerged intermittently, that is, a water level fluctuation region on a flood slope, has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

JP 60-37333 A JP-A-61-2227709 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-263407 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-322731 JP-A-7-268836 JP-A-8-120640 JP-A-8-333735 Japanese Patent No. 2912938 JP 11-1224836 A JP-A-11-166234

  However, the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 to 10 have drawbacks, respectively, and no appropriate greening structure or greening method for greening bare ground on a flooded slope has been found.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a flooded slope greening structure capable of smoothly and reliably greening a flooded slope with a simple configuration.

  The flooding slope greening structure according to the present invention is a string-like body and a net-like body that traps seeds of plants floating on the water surface in the water level fluctuation region in the water slope and fixes the seeds in the water level fluctuation region. And a seed fixing means composed of one or more of the porous structures.

  In this inundation slope revegetation structure, seed fixing means are fixedly installed in the water level fluctuation area of the inundation slope in the low water level state of dam lakes and reservoirs, etc., during the transition from the low water level state to the high water level state In the middle of the transition from the high water state to the low water state, the seeds of plants floating on the water surface are sequentially captured by the seed fixing means, and the seeds germinate when the captured seeds move upward from the water surface. Then, the flood slope will be greened. In addition, during the transition from the low water level state to the high water level state, the seeds of the grown plant are scattered on the water surface, and at the next transition to the low water level state, the seeds scattered on the water surface are captured by the seed fixing means, The water level fluctuation region on the flood slope will be greened over a wide area. Furthermore, even in the area where the seed fixing means is not installed in the flooding slope, it is not as large as the area where the seed fixing means is installed. Greening will be promoted. In this way, in this inundation slope planting structure, the seeds of plants floating on the surface of the water are sequentially captured using the fact that the water surface in dam lakes and reservoirs moves up and down depending on the season, etc. It is possible to disperse and fix the seeds of the plant in the water level fluctuation region of the water level and to smoothly and reliably green the flood slope. In addition, as the seed fixing means, one of two or more of a string-like body, a net-like body, and a porous structure is used, so that it can be implemented at low cost and the details formed in the seed fixing means Seeds can be effectively captured in the gaps.

  Here, it is preferable that the seed is a seed of scallop. Since the seeds of mizukane have the property of entering into narrow gaps, when string-like bodies are used as seed fixing means, gaps between twisted parts and gaps between the string-like bodies and the flood slope In addition, in the case of a net-like body, seeds enter and are trapped by entering the corners of the mesh of the net-like body or the gap between the net-like body and the flood slope. In the case of a structure, when the seed enters and is captured in the pores of the structure and the water surface falls below the captured seed, the seed germinates and the flood slope is greened.

  It is a preferred embodiment to use a string-like body formed by twisting a plurality of ropes as the seed fixing means. In addition, when a water retaining rope is used as at least one rope constituting the string-like body, seed growth can be promoted by moisture retained on the water retaining rope.

  It is also a preferred embodiment to construct the string-like body in a wave shape in the water level fluctuation region of the flood slope. If comprised in this way, the whole flooding slope can be greened beautifully, reducing the usage-amount of a string-like body.

  As the seed fixing means, there are a large number of spaces communicating in the vertical direction, a honeycomb-shaped formwork laid in the water level fluctuation region, and a stone material made of natural stone or artificial stone loaded in the space of the formwork It is also possible to use a porous structure having a stone structure made of natural stone or artificial stone in the net cage as the seed fixing means. In this case, plant seeds enter and are caught in the gaps between adjacent stones, and the water level fluctuation region on the flood slope is greened. Further, the stone material is preferable because erosion of the flood slope due to waves can be suppressed.

  It is also possible to plant seed balls or plant seedlings in which plant seeds are covered with the soil on the stone. In this case, the seeds of the plants grown in the seed balls and pod seedlings are scattered on the water surface, and in the same way as described above, the seeds scattered on the water surface will be used as seed fixing means using the vertical movement of the water surface in the next year. And the flood slope will be greened sequentially.

  It is also a preferred embodiment that the seed fixing means and a vegetation mat in which plant seeds floating on the water surface are planted in advance are provided. In this case, the plant grows on the vegetation mat, and the seeds of the plant are scattered on the water surface, so that the seed scattered on the water surface is captured by the seed fixing means using the vertical movement of the water surface as described above. The flood slopes will be greened sequentially.

  According to the flooding slope planting structure according to the present invention, the seeds of plants floating on the water surface are sequentially captured by utilizing the fact that the water surface in a dam lake or a reservoir moves up and down depending on the season, etc. It is possible to disperse and fix plant seeds in the water level fluctuation region of the surface, and to smoothly and reliably green the flood slope. In addition, as the seed fixing means, one of two or more of a string-like body, a net-like body, and a porous structure is used, so that it can be implemented at low cost and the details formed in the seed fixing means Seeds can be effectively captured in the gaps.

Explanatory drawing of flooded slope planting structure consisting of seed fixing means consisting of string-like body Explanatory drawing of construction method of seed fixing means consisting of string-like body Front view of anchor material for fixing the string-like body of the seed fixing means Explanatory drawing of the seed fixing means of other composition which consists of a string-like object Explanatory drawing of another green slope structure using seed fixing means made of nets Explanatory diagram of seed fixing means consisting of a net-like body Explanatory drawing of seed fixing means consisting of a porous structure using netting (A) of the seed fixing means comprising a porous structure using a mold is a perspective view of the mold before the stone is added, and a perspective view of the mold after the stone is charged Sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG. Explanatory drawing of other flood slope planting structures using vegetation mats Explanatory drawing of other flood slope planting structures using vegetation mats

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the inclining slope greening structure 10 captures seeds of plants floating on the water surface 12 in the water level fluctuation region 11 </ b> A of the inclining slope 11 in a dam lake or a reservoir. The seed fixing means 13 made of any one or two or more of the string-like body 21, the net-like body 24, and the porous structures 27 and 33 for fixing the seed in the water level fluctuation region 11A is applied.

  The flood slope 11 has a land area 11B that is always located above the water surface 12 and the water level varies depending on the season. For example, in the summer when the water usage increases, the water level changes. It is composed of a water level fluctuation region 11A exposed above the water surface 12. In the water level fluctuation region 11A, the topsoil is unstable and bare due to physical obstacles such as waves or scouring, and is always exposed to the possibility of collapse, which is suitable for applying the present invention. is there.

  Seeds that can be captured by the seed fixing means 13 are seeds that have a lighter specific gravity than water and can float on the water surface 12. Can catch seeds of aquatic plants such as cocanada, duckweed, water hyacinth, watercress, mint, seri, off-of-the-mouth sardine, hornbill, scallop and bermudagrass. Since it has, it can capture suitably.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, as the seed fixing means 13, a string-like body 21 formed by twisting a plurality of ropes 20 and an anchor that fixes the string-like body 21 to the water level fluctuation region of the flooded slope 11. A seed fixing means 13A having the material 22 can be employed. As the string-like body 21, one obtained by twisting a plurality of ropes 20 can be used as it is, but after the plurality of ropes 20 are twisted, they are bound by a binding string 23 with a set interval in the length direction. Things can also be used.

  As the rope 20 to be twisted, those made of natural fibers such as jute, zaisal, manila hemp, kenaf and cotton can be suitably used, but those made of synthetic fibers can also be used. Moreover, 20 A of water retention ropes can also be used as at least one rope of the several rope 20 twisted together.

  As the water retaining rope 20A, a known construction in which a water retaining material made of a water-absorbing polymer is covered with a net member can be employed. Water retention materials include polyacrylamide and bis (BIS) cross-linked, polymer of starch and sodium acrylate graft, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer salt, cross-linked poly (sodium acrylate), polyvinyl alcohol A graft copolymer of acrylate and acrylate, vinyl or dextran can be used.

  The string-like body 21 can be linearly arranged in the water level fluctuation region 11A. However, if the string-like body 21 is arranged in a triangular wave shape or a sine wave shape, the amount of the string-like body 21 is reduced and the water level fluctuation region 11A is planar. It is preferable because it can be beautifully greened. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the string-like body 21 is installed in the water level fluctuation region 11 </ b> A by using an anchor material 22 having a hook portion 22 a at an end portion, and a string-like body on the hook portion 22 a of the anchor material 22. The anchor member 22 is fixed to the water level fluctuation region 11 </ b> A by being hooked in the middle of 21. For example, when the string-like body 21 is installed in a triangular wave shape, as shown in FIG. 2, the bent portion 21a of the string-like body 21 is fixed to the water level fluctuation area 11A with the anchor material 22, and the water level fluctuation area 11A is fixed. Can be installed. The waveform amplitude of the triangular or sine wave string 21 can be set to 30 cm to 100 cm, for example, and the wavelength can be set to 50 cm to 100 cm. Such a wave arrangement is preferable because seeds and the like floating on the water surface 12 are likely to accumulate on the upper side of the wave of the string-like body 21 protruding downward.

  In addition, it is preferable that a plurality of the string-like bodies 21 are arranged in the water level fluctuation region 11A with a space in the vertical direction in order to green the wide area. The space | interval of the up-down direction of the string-like body 21 can be set to 50 cm-100 cm. The phase with respect to the left-right direction of the waveform of the string-like bodies 21 arranged above and below may be set to the same or different phases, but it is preferable to arrange with a layout with a sense of unity as a whole. .

  However, instead of the seed fixing means 13, as shown in FIG. 4, a seed fixing means 13B in which a string-like body 21 arranged in a coil shape is installed in the water level fluctuation region 11A with an anchor material 22 may be employed. Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, it is possible to employ a seed fixing means 13 </ b> C that uses a mesh-like body 24 in which the string-like bodies 21 are arranged in a mesh-like manner and is fixed to the water level fluctuation region 11 </ b> A by an anchor material 22. .

  Further, instead of the seed fixing means 13, as shown in FIG. 7, a seed fixing means 13 D made of a porous structure 27 constituted by incorporating a stone material 26 made of natural stone or artificial stone in a flat net cage 25 is provided. It can also be used. The size of the screen 25 can be set arbitrarily, but the height is preferably 5 cm to 20 cm and the mesh size is about 1 cm. Further, as shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 9, a honeycomb-shaped form 31 having a large number of spaces 30 communicating in the vertical direction and a stone 32 made of natural stone or artificial stone are provided. It is also possible to employ a seed fixing means 13E comprising a porous structure 33 in which a stone 32 is loaded in a space 30 of a mold 31 laid in the water level fluctuation region 11A. As the formwork 31, for example, Terracell (registered trademark) manufactured by Nippon Lantec Co., Ltd. can be adopted, but other configurations can also be adopted. The porous structures 27 and 33 are configured in, for example, a rectangular shape in plan view, and are arranged in a staggered manner with respect to the water level fluctuation region 11A so that the long side is in the horizontal direction, or in a straight line in the left-right direction. Will be. According to the seed fixing means 13D and 13E, seeds floating on the water surface 12 enter the gaps between the stone materials 32 and are captured by the stone materials 32. It is also possible to plant seed balls in which the seeds of plants to be grown are covered with soil, and pot seedlings of plants to be grown on the stones 26 and 32 filled in the net cage 25 and the mold 30. it can. Moreover, it is also possible to use a porous structure made of a porous water retaining block or the like as the seed fixing means.

  In this flooded slope greening structure 10, the water level of a dam lake or reservoir fluctuates depending on the season, and seeds of plants floating on the water surface 12 are sequentially captured by the seed fixing means 13 as the water surface 12 descends. It settles in the water level fluctuation | variation area | region 11A, germinates and grows, and the inundation slope 11 is greened. Then, as the water surface 12 rises, the seeds of the plants grown in the water level fluctuation region 11A are scattered on the upper surface of the dam lake or the reservoir, and when the water level is lowered the next time, the seed fixing means 13 is in the same manner as described above. The cycle of being captured and settled in the water level fluctuation region 11A and the plant growing again is repeated, and the entire water level fluctuation region 11A of the flooded slope 11 is sequentially greened.

  The seed fixing means 13 can be used alone, but the seed fixing means 13 may be used in combination with the vegetation mat 40 as in the flooded slope greening structures 10A and 10B shown in FIGS. it can. As the vegetation mat 40, a vegetation mat that is fixedly installed in the water level fluctuation region 11A and submerged under the water surface 12 when the water level becomes high can be adopted, or a float is attached to the bag-like mat. What was comprised so that one part might float on the water surface 12 is employable. If it is configured to be submerged, the seeds of the plant grown on the vegetation mat 40 are surely scattered on the water surface 12, which is preferable in diffusing the seeds into the water level fluctuation region 11A. As the vegetation mat 40, it is possible to suitably use a mat-like material in which seeds, fertilizers, soil improvers and the like are embedded in a non-woven sheet, and for example, MF-45 manufactured by Multifunctional Filter Co., Ltd. can be suitably employed. . In addition, when the seed fixing means 13 is used in combination with the vegetation mat 40 in this way, the seeds of the plants grown on the vegetation mat 40 are scattered in the dam lake or the reservoir, so that sufficient greening is possible from the first year.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Flooding slope greening structure 11 Flooding slope 11A Water level fluctuation area 11B Land area 12 Water surface 13 Seed fixing means 13A Seed fixing means 13B Seed fixing means 13C Seed fixing means 13D Seed fixing means 13E Seed fixing means 20 Rope 20A Water retaining rope DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 String-like body 21a Bending part 22 Anchor material 22a Hook part 23 Bundling string 24 Net-like body 25 Net fence 26 Stone material 27 Porous structure 30 Space 31 Formwork 32 Stone material 33 Porous structure 10A Flooding slope greening structure 10B Flooded slope revegetation structure 40 Vegetation mat

Claims (9)

  One or two of a string-like body, a net-like body, and a porous structure that captures seeds of plants floating on the water surface in the water level fluctuation region on the flooding slope and fixes the seeds in the water level fluctuation region A watering slope revegetation structure characterized in that the seed fixing means comprising the above is fixedly installed.   The flooded slope planting structure according to claim 1, wherein the seed is a seed of scallop.   The flooded slope greening structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a string-like body formed by twisting a plurality of ropes is used as the seed fixing means.   The flooded slope greening structure according to claim 3, wherein a water retaining rope is used as at least one rope constituting the string-like body.   The flooded slope greening structure according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the string-like body is constructed in a wave shape in a water level fluctuation region of the flooded slope.   As the seed fixing means, there are a large number of spaces communicating in the vertical direction, a honeycomb-shaped formwork laid in the water level fluctuation region, and a stone material made of natural stone or artificial stone loaded in the space of the formwork The flooded slope greening structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a porous structure having a water content is used.   6. The flooded slope greening structure according to claim 1, wherein the seed fixing means is a porous structure in which a stone made of natural stone or artificial stone is housed in a net cage.   The flooded slope greening structure according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a seed ball or a plant pot seedling formed by coating seeds of plants with soil is planted on the stone. The flooded slope greening structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the seed fixing means and a vegetation mat in which plant seeds floating on the water surface are planted in advance are provided side by side.

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