JP2011067193A - 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の診断マーカー、診断方法、及び、治療薬、並びに、筋萎縮性側索硬化症を発症するモデル動物、及び、モデル細胞 - Google Patents
筋萎縮性側索硬化症の診断マーカー、診断方法、及び、治療薬、並びに、筋萎縮性側索硬化症を発症するモデル動物、及び、モデル細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明に係る筋萎縮性側索硬化症の診断方法は、被験者から試料を採取して、当該試料から核酸を単離する単離工程と、単離された核酸から、ヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子領域に示される塩基を検出する検出工程と、検出された塩基が、変異しているか否かを判定する判定工程と、を備える。
【選択図】図1
Description
ヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子領域に変異を有する塩基配列からなる核酸を含むことを特徴とする。
被験者から試料を採取して、当該試料から核酸を単離する単離工程と、
前記単離された核酸から、ヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子領域に示される塩基を検出する検出工程と、
前記検出された塩基が、変異しているか否かを判定する判定工程と、を備える、ことを特徴とする。
ヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子領域に示される塩基が変異している際に、当該塩基のリードスルーを誘導することを特徴とする。
NF−κB転写因子の活性化を抑制することを特徴とする。
細胞内におけるヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子の局在化を適正化する、及び/又は、当該局在化によって果たされている機能の喪失を補填することを特徴とする。
ヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子領域に示される塩基が変異した塩基を含むDNA断片、及び/又は、発現ベクターを導入してなることを特徴とする。
筋萎縮性側索硬化症を発症するモデル動物から採取されることを特徴とする。
発明の第1の態様であるALSの診断マーカーについて説明する。本診断マーカーは、特定の一塩基変異多型を検出して特定することにより、ALSの発症を予測、及び、診断する指標として使用される。
次に、本発明の第2の態様であるALSの診断方法について説明する。被験者から試料を採取して、上述の塩基の変異(SNP)を検出して特定することにより、ALSの診断を行うことができる。
次に、本発明の第3〜第5の態様であるALSの治療薬について説明する。
次に、本発明の第6及び第7の態様である、ALSの治療法を確立及び評価するためのモデル動物、及び、モデル細胞の作製方法について説明する。なお、13207995領域の変異を、「変異1」といい、13214104領域の変異を、「変異2」という。
優性変異である変異2については、その発現量がALSの重症度に及ぼす影響を検討するため、トランスジェニックマウスの作製を行なう。遺伝子OPTN本来のプロモーターの基で、変異2を発現するトランスジェニックマウスについても作製を行う。
変異1及び変異2は、マウスOPTN遺伝子のエクソン10及びエクソン12にあるため、上流のエクソンであるマウスエクソンで変異1または変異2を有するヒトOPTN遺伝子cDNAと組換えを行なう。このつなぎ換えた遺伝子をES細胞に相同組替えで導入する。マウスES細胞に電気穿孔法(Electroporation)により導入し、得られたG418耐性コロニーからDNAを抽出し、PCR及びサザンブロット法により相同組換えクローンを選別する。Neo遺伝子の遺伝子Xへの発現の影響の可能性を避けるため、Neo遺伝子はあらかじめloxP遺伝子で挟んでおき、相同組換えクローンが得られた後に、Creリコンビナーゼにより除去する。このESクローンをマウス受精卵胚盤胞にマイクロ・インジェクションし、キメラマウスを得て、通常マウスとの交配によりヘテロマウスを得る。変異2については優性変異と考えられるため、ヘテロマウスで観察を行なう。変異1については劣性変異と考えられるため、ヘテロマウス同士の交配によりホモマウスを作製し観察を行なう。劣性変異に関しては、ノックアウトマウスを作製する。マウスOPTN遺伝子のエクソンを一部または全部欠損させたものをマウスES細胞に相同組替えで導入し、得られたG418耐性コロニーからDNAを抽出し、PCR及びサザンブロット法により相同組換えクローンを選別する。このESクローンをマウス受精卵胚盤胞にマイクロ・インジェクションし、キメラマウスを得て、通常マウスとの交配によりヘテロマウスを得る。ヘテロマウス同士の交配によりホモマウスを作製し観察を行なう。
上記のモデル動物からとられた細胞、器官培養に加えて、患者皮膚からの線維芽細胞及びそれをSV40ウイルス及びテロメレースより不死化させた細胞株、末梢血よりEBウイルスにより不死化させたB細胞株等を用いて、アポトーシス、ネクローシス等の細胞死を引き起こす刺激(たとえば、TNF−α及びそれに加えて、カスパーゼの抑制剤、またはH202のように活性化酸素、フリーラディカルを産生するもの)に対し、防御的に働く物質を、細胞の生存率を指標にして、評価・探索する。
健常者、遺伝性のALS患者及び孤発性のALS患者について、ヒト10番染色体 13207995領域の塩基、及び、13214104領域の塩基の変異を調べた。
次に、13207995領域の変異に関して、ウェスタンブロット法により、OPTNと対応する74kDaを示す転写リンパ芽球の溶解物を用いて、OPTNの発現を調べた。遺伝性ALS患者については、EBウイルスにより不死化させたBリンパ球により細胞溶解物を処理した。また、健常者については、通常のプロトコルを用いた。
次に、遺伝性及び孤発性ALS患者における抗OPTN抗体によって免疫標識された細胞質内の封入体を調べた。図7(a)〜(m)は、封入体の免疫染色を示す図である。
次に、ルシフェラーゼ検定によりNF−κBの活性を抑制するOPTNの機能について調べた。pDNRベクター(クロンテック社製)にALS患者のOPTNのcDNAを導入した。Lipofectamine 2000(インビトロジェン社製)を用いて、NF−κBレポーター及びOPTN導入のpDNRベクターを、NSC−34細胞に導入した。ルシフェラーゼ活性は、デュアルルシフェラーゼレポーターアッセイシステム(プロメガ社製)を用いて、PBS又はTNF−αにより刺激し、5時間後、測定した。
また、モック(Mock)は、pDNRベクターである。
また、TNF−は、TNF−αの刺激なし、TNF+は、TNF−αの刺激あり、を示す。
また、図11(i)は、図11(a)及び(e)、図11(j)は、図11(b)及び(f)、図11(k)は、図11(c)及び(g)、図11(l)は、図11(d)及び(h)、をそれぞれ重ね合わせて表示した図である。
Claims (12)
- ヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子領域に変異を有する塩基配列からなる核酸を含むことを特徴とする筋萎縮性側索硬化症の診断マーカー。
- 前記OPTN遺伝子領域のうち、13207995領域、及び/又は、13214104領域に示される塩基が変異した塩基を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の筋萎縮性側索硬化症の診断マーカー。
- 前記13207995領域の塩基がシトシンからチミンに、又は、前記13214104領域の塩基がアデニンからグアニンに、変異していることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の筋萎縮性側索硬化症の診断マーカー。
- 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の診断方法であって、
被験者から試料を採取して、当該試料から核酸を単離する単離工程と、
前記単離された核酸から、ヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子領域に示される塩基を検出する検出工程と、
前記検出された塩基が、変異しているか否かを判定する判定工程と、を備える、
ことを特徴とする筋萎縮性側索硬化症の診断方法。 - 前記判定工程では、前記OPTN遺伝子領域のうち、13207995領域においては、塩基がシトシンからチミンに変異しているか、又は、13214104領域においては、塩基がアデニンからグアニンに変異しているか、を判定する、
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の筋萎縮性側索硬化症の診断方法。 - ヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子領域に示される塩基が変異している際に、当該塩基のリードスルーを誘導することを特徴とする筋萎縮性側索硬化症の治療薬。
- 前記OPTN遺伝子領域のうち、13207995領域に示される塩基のリードスルーを誘導することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の筋萎縮性側索硬化症の治療薬。
- NF−κB転写因子の活性化を抑制することを特徴とする筋萎縮性側索硬化症の治療薬。
- 細胞内におけるヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子の局在化を適正化する、及び/又は、当該局在化によって果たされている機能の喪失を補填することを特徴とする筋萎縮性側索硬化症の治療薬。
- 前記細胞のうち、ゴルジ体に機能することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の筋萎縮性側索硬化症の治療薬。
- ヒト10番染色体 OPTN(Optineurin)遺伝子領域に示される塩基が変異した塩基を含むDNA断片、及び/又は、発現ベクターを導入してなることを特徴とする筋萎縮性側索硬化症を発症するモデル動物。
- 請求項11に記載のモデル動物から採取されることを特徴とする筋萎縮性側索硬化症を発症するモデル細胞。
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WO2018123540A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | ノックアウト非ヒト動物、ノックアウト非ヒト動物の作製方法、及び筋萎縮性側索硬化症又は認知症の治療薬又は予防薬のスクリーニング方法 |
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WO2015016392A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-05 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の新規病因遺伝子 |
WO2018123540A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | ノックアウト非ヒト動物、ノックアウト非ヒト動物の作製方法、及び筋萎縮性側索硬化症又は認知症の治療薬又は予防薬のスクリーニング方法 |
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WO2011024822A1 (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
US20120272345A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
US20160338328A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
US9894890B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
US20140186836A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
US9434992B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
EP2471916A4 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
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EP2471916B1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
JP5686335B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 |
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