JP2011052249A - Die material - Google Patents
Die material Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011052249A JP2011052249A JP2009200234A JP2009200234A JP2011052249A JP 2011052249 A JP2011052249 A JP 2011052249A JP 2009200234 A JP2009200234 A JP 2009200234A JP 2009200234 A JP2009200234 A JP 2009200234A JP 2011052249 A JP2011052249 A JP 2011052249A
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- skd11
- mixed
- mwcnt
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 50
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 38
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、金型に用いられる金型材料として、ドライ加工を好適に行いうる炭素と工具鋼の複合材料、および他の物質と工具鋼との複合材料に関する。 The present invention relates to a composite material of carbon and tool steel that can be suitably subjected to dry processing, and a composite material of another substance and tool steel as a mold material used for a mold.
現在、金型を用いた金属の塑性加工の際には、焼付、摩耗等を防止するため金型表面に潤滑剤を塗布又は噴霧する必要がある。
しかし、塑性加工後、加工対象品から潤滑剤を洗い落とす必要があるので、手間がかかるという課題があったり、環境面からしても潤滑剤を使用することは好ましくない。
このため、金型を用いた塑性加工時に潤滑剤を使用しないドライ加工が望まれている。
Currently, when plastic processing of metal using a mold, it is necessary to apply or spray a lubricant on the mold surface in order to prevent seizure, wear, and the like.
However, since it is necessary to wash off the lubricant from the product to be processed after plastic working, there is a problem that it takes time, and it is not preferable to use the lubricant from the environmental viewpoint.
For this reason, dry processing which does not use a lubricant during plastic processing using a mold is desired.
そこで、特許文献１に示すように、潤滑剤を用いないドライ加工を行いうるものとして、金型表面にＤＬＣ（ダイヤモンドライクカーボン）等のカーボン製の被覆を蒸着し、潤滑特性を向上させた金型を用いることが考えられている。 Therefore, as shown in Patent Document 1, a gold coating having improved lubrication characteristics by vapor-depositing a coating made of carbon such as DLC (diamond-like carbon) on the surface of the mold as a material capable of performing dry processing without using a lubricant. It is considered to use a mold.
上述した特許文献１のように、ＤＬＣ等のカーボン製被覆を金型に施したとしても、被覆の金型に対する密着性が悪く、長期の使用に耐えられないという課題がある。
また金型表面にカーボン製被覆を施すための装置が高価であるという課題もある。
Even if carbon coating such as DLC is applied to the mold as in Patent Document 1 described above, there is a problem that the adhesion of the coating to the mold is poor and it cannot withstand long-term use.
There is also a problem that an apparatus for applying a carbon coating on the mold surface is expensive.
そこで、本発明は上記課題を解決すべくなされ、金型表面に潤滑特性の良い被覆を施すのではなく、金型材料自体を潤滑特性の良い材料とすることを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to make the mold material itself a material having good lubrication characteristics, instead of coating the mold surface with good lubrication characteristics.
本発明は上記目的を達成するため次の構成を備える。
すなわち、本発明にかかる金型材料によれば、炭素粉末が１〜１０vol％混入された工具鋼粉末が固化されてなる金型材料であって、ビッカース硬さが８００〜１１００であり、相手材を電気亜鉛めっき鋼とし、負荷応力０．４MPa、すべり速度３０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、すべり距離１２ｍｍとした摩擦試験の場合における摩擦係数が０．１〜０．１５であることを特徴としている。
この構成を採用することによって、従来の金型材料と比較して硬度が高く、また摩擦係数が低い金型材料であるので、ドライ加工に適した金型材料として用いることができる。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the following arrangement.
That is, according to the mold material according to the present invention, it is a mold material obtained by solidifying a tool steel powder mixed with 1 to 10% by volume of carbon powder, having a Vickers hardness of 800 to 1100, and a counterpart material. Is a galvanized steel, and has a friction coefficient of 0.1 to 0.15 in a friction test with a load stress of 0.4 MPa, a sliding speed of 30 mm / min, and a sliding distance of 12 mm.
By adopting this configuration, it is a mold material having a higher hardness and a lower coefficient of friction than conventional mold materials, so that it can be used as a mold material suitable for dry processing.
また、炭素粉末が５vol％混入されており、ビッカース硬さが１１００であり、前記摩擦試験の場合における摩擦係数が０．１であることを特徴としてもよい。 Further, 5 vol% of carbon powder is mixed, the Vickers hardness is 1100, and the friction coefficient in the case of the friction test may be 0.1.
なお、前記炭素粉末は、ＣＮＴであることを特徴としてもよい。 The carbon powder may be CNT.
本発明にかかる金型材料によれば、二硫化モリブデン粉末が１〜１５vol％混入された工具鋼粉末が固化されてなる金型材料であって、ビッカース硬さが８００〜１０００であり、相手材をＳＵＳ３０４ボールとし、負荷応力０．９８Ｎ、すべり速度３０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、すべり距離１ｍｍとした摩擦試験の場合における摩擦係数が０．１〜０．１５であることを特徴としている。
この構成を採用することによって、従来の金型材料と比較して硬度が高く、また摩擦係数が低い金型材料であるので、ドライ加工に適した金型材料として用いることができる。
The mold material according to the present invention is a mold material obtained by solidifying a tool steel powder mixed with 1 to 15 vol% of molybdenum disulfide powder, having a Vickers hardness of 800 to 1000, and a counterpart material. Is a SUS304 ball, and the friction coefficient in the case of a friction test with a load stress of 0.98 N, a sliding speed of 30 mm / min, and a sliding distance of 1 mm is 0.1 to 0.15.
By adopting this configuration, it is a mold material having a higher hardness and a lower coefficient of friction than conventional mold materials, so that it can be used as a mold material suitable for dry processing.
また、二硫化モリブデン粉末が１０vol％混入されており、ビッカース硬さが９００であり、前記摩擦試験の場合における摩擦係数が０．１であることを特徴としてもよい。 Further, 10 vol% of molybdenum disulfide powder is mixed, the Vickers hardness is 900, and the friction coefficient in the case of the friction test may be 0.1.
本発明によれば、潤滑特性の良好な金型材料を提供できる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the mold material with a favorable lubrication characteristic can be provided.
（第１の実施形態）
以下、本発明に係る金型材料の実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
本実施形態の金型材料は、工具鋼の粉末に炭素粉末を混入し、混入後に固化させてなるものである。本実施形態の工具鋼としてはＳＫＤ１１を採用し、炭素粉末としては多層カーボンナノチューブ（ＭＷＣＮＴ：登録商標名ＶＧＣＦ）を採用した。
(First embodiment)
Embodiments of a mold material according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The mold material of the present embodiment is obtained by mixing carbon powder into tool steel powder and solidifying it after mixing. SKD11 was adopted as the tool steel of this embodiment, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT: registered trade name VGCF) were adopted as the carbon powder.
（ＳＫＤ粉末）
ＳＫＤ１１のＳＥＭ（scanning electron microscope）写真を図１に示す。
ＳＫＤ１１は、工具鋼のうち合金工具鋼に分類され、鋼に炭素およびクロムを添加し、さらにタングステン、モリブデン等を添加した金型用の材料である。
本実施形態で用いるＳＫＤ１１の粉末は、平均粒径が９．９１μｍである。
(SKD powder)
A SEM (scanning electron microscope) photograph of SKD11 is shown in FIG.
SKD11 is classified as an alloy tool steel among tool steels, and is a material for a mold obtained by adding carbon and chromium to steel and further adding tungsten, molybdenum and the like.
The powder of SKD11 used in this embodiment has an average particle size of 9.91 μm.
（ＭＷＣＮＴ粉末）
ＭＷＣＮＴのＳＥＭ写真を図２に示す。
ＭＷＣＮＴは、複数の筒状の炭素分子が入れ子状に形成されたものであり、気相成長により作成される炭素繊維である。
(MWCNT powder)
An SEM photograph of MWCNT is shown in FIG.
MWCNT is a carbon fiber that is formed by nesting a plurality of cylindrical carbon molecules, and is produced by vapor phase growth.
（粉末の混入）
ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭＷＣＮＴ粉末との混入について説明する。
ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭＷＣＮＴ粉末を３軸方向加振型ボールミル（（株）トポロジックシステム社製ＴＫＭＡＣ−１２００Ｌ）にかけ混入した。
このボールミルによる混入では、まず、混入対象原料であるＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭＷＣＮＴ粉末をＳＫＤ製等の容器に装填し、直径５ｍｍのＳＵＪ２製のボール３５０個を上記容器に装填した。そして両粉末とボールとを容器に装填した後、容器内部を不活性ガス（例えばＡｒガス）で満たして密閉した。密閉後、容器を３軸方向に加振させて、ボールを強制的に揺動・衝突させることにより、ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭＷＣＮＴ粉末を撹拌・混入して複合化させることができた。
なお、ボールミルの振動数は８００ｒｐｍ、処理時間は３時間とした。
(Mixing of powder)
The mixing of SKD11 powder and MWCNT powder will be described.
The SKD11 powder and the MWCNT powder were mixed by applying to a triaxial vibration type ball mill (TKMAC-1200L manufactured by Topological System Co., Ltd.).
In mixing by this ball mill, first, SKD11 powder and MWCNT powder as mixing target raw materials were loaded in a container made of SKD or the like, and 350 SUJ2 balls having a diameter of 5 mm were loaded in the container. Then, after charging both the powder and the ball into the container, the inside of the container was filled with an inert gas (for example, Ar gas) and sealed. After sealing, the SKD11 powder and the MWCNT powder could be agitated and mixed to form a composite by vibrating the container in three axial directions and forcibly swinging and colliding the ball.
The vibration frequency of the ball mill was 800 rpm and the treatment time was 3 hours.
ＳＫＤ１１に対して、ＭＷＣＮＴを１vol％混入させた場合のＳＥＭ写真を図３に示し、ＭＷＣＮＴを３vol％混入させた場合のＳＥＭ写真を図４に示し、ＭＷＣＮＴを５vol％混入させた場合のＳＥＭ写真を図５に示す。
これらＳＥＭ写真を見ると、ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭＷＣＮＴ粉末とをボールミルにより混入させることにより、ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭＷＣＮＴ粉末とが複合化したことがわかる。
FIG. 3 shows an SEM photograph when 1 vol% of MWCNT is mixed into SKD11, FIG. 4 shows an SEM photograph when 3 vol% of MWCNT is mixed, and an SEM photograph when 5 vol% of MWCNT is mixed. Is shown in FIG.
From these SEM photographs, it can be seen that the SKD11 powder and the MWCNT powder were combined by mixing the SKD11 powder and the MWCNT powder with a ball mill.
（複合化した粉末の固化）
次に、上述したＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭＷＣＮＴ粉末とを混入して複合化させた粉末（以下、混入粉末と称する場合がある）を、固化成形する方法を説明する。
混入粉末の固化成形は、常温圧縮回転剪断方法によって行うことができる。常温圧縮回転剪断方法とは、金属の粉末を容器内に充填した後、棒状の撹拌工具を用いて圧縮しつつ撹拌することで、金属の粉末を摩擦により接合する方法である。この方法では、常温で且つ短時間で金属の粉末を固化させることができる。
(Solidification of composite powder)
Next, a method for solidifying and molding a powder obtained by mixing the above-described SKD11 powder and MWCNT powder (hereinafter sometimes referred to as mixed powder) will be described.
Solidification molding of the mixed powder can be performed by a room temperature compression rotary shearing method. The room temperature compression rotational shearing method is a method in which metal powder is joined by friction by filling a metal powder into a container and stirring while compressing it using a bar-like stirring tool. In this method, the metal powder can be solidified at room temperature in a short time.
常温圧縮回転剪断方法を実行する固化成形装置を図６に示す。
固化成形装置３０は、固化対象の金属粉末を充填するための充填室３１が構成されるダイス３２と、ダイス３２の穴３３の下方から充填室３１へ向けて突出して充填室３１の底面を構成する下パンチ３４とを備えている。
ダイス３２の穴３３の上方からは下面に押圧撹拌部３５を有する棒状の撹拌工具３６が、充填室３１内に進入して配置される。
FIG. 6 shows a solidification molding apparatus that executes the room temperature compression rotary shearing method.
The solidification molding apparatus 30 constitutes a die 32 in which a filling chamber 31 for filling metal powder to be solidified is formed, and a bottom surface of the filling chamber 31 that protrudes from below the hole 33 of the die 32 toward the filling chamber 31. And a lower punch 34.
From above the hole 33 of the die 32, a rod-like stirring tool 36 having a pressing stirring portion 35 on the lower surface enters the filling chamber 31 and is disposed.
図７に撹拌工具の全体構成を示す。
撹拌工具３６は、ダイス３２の穴３３内に隙間無く挿入できるような棒状である。撹拌工具３６の上端部は、上下方向に移動可能であり、且つ軸線方向に回転可能となるよう、駆動装置（図示せず）に接続されている。
撹拌工具３６の押圧撹拌部３５は、充填室３１内の金属粉末を押圧し、先端に設けられた雄ねじ部３８によって撹拌する。雄ねじ部３８は、撹拌工具３６の径（ダイス３２の穴３３）よりも小径に形成されており、充填室３１内に充填された金属粉末内で回転し、金属粉末を撹拌・せん断する機能を有する。
なお、撹拌工具の押圧撹拌部としては、雄ねじ部によって撹拌・剪断することには限定されず、単に外周方向に沿った溝が形成されているだけであってもよい。
FIG. 7 shows the overall configuration of the stirring tool.
The stirring tool 36 has a rod shape that can be inserted into the hole 33 of the die 32 without a gap. The upper end portion of the stirring tool 36 is connected to a driving device (not shown) so as to be movable in the vertical direction and to be rotatable in the axial direction.
The pressing and agitating unit 35 of the agitating tool 36 presses the metal powder in the filling chamber 31 and agitates it by a male screw portion 38 provided at the tip. The male screw portion 38 is formed to have a smaller diameter than the diameter of the stirring tool 36 (the hole 33 of the die 32), and has a function of rotating and stirring and shearing the metal powder in the metal powder filled in the filling chamber 31. Have.
In addition, as a press stirring part of a stirring tool, it is not limited to stirring and shearing by an external thread part, The groove | channel along the outer peripheral direction may only be formed.
なお、下パンチ３４には、金属粉末に対する押圧力を測定するための押圧力測定手段として、ストレインゲージ４０が設けられている。
ダイス３２には、温度センサ４２が設けられており、この温度センサ４２によって固化成形中の金属粉末の温度を測定することができる。なお、温度センサ４２の先端部が金属粉末の充填された充填室３１内に突出しないよう、温度センサ４２の挿入穴４３は、充填室３１までは貫通しないように形成されている。
The lower punch 34 is provided with a strain gauge 40 as a pressing force measuring means for measuring the pressing force against the metal powder.
The die 32 is provided with a temperature sensor 42, and the temperature sensor 42 can measure the temperature of the metal powder being solidified. The insertion hole 43 of the temperature sensor 42 is formed so as not to penetrate to the filling chamber 31 so that the tip of the temperature sensor 42 does not protrude into the filling chamber 31 filled with metal powder.
本実施形態の混入粉末を固化成形させる場合の固化成形装置３０の動作条件は以下のとおりである。
撹拌工具３６の材質はＳＫＤ７、撹拌工具３６の負荷荷重は５ｋＮ、撹拌工具３６の回転数は１８００ｒｐｍ、成形時間は１５ｓである。また、固化成形時の雰囲気は大気であり、温度は室温である。
The operating conditions of the solidification molding apparatus 30 when the mixed powder of this embodiment is solidified and molded are as follows.
The material of the stirring tool 36 is SKD7, the load of the stirring tool 36 is 5 kN, the rotational speed of the stirring tool 36 is 1800 rpm, and the molding time is 15 s. The atmosphere during solidification molding is air, and the temperature is room temperature.
（成形固化された金属材料の性質）
上述した条件で固化成形装置３０を動作させ、混入粉末を固化成形した金型材料の硬さをビッカース硬さ試験で測定した。測定結果を図８に示す。
試験は、撹拌工具３６の中心から径方向に１．５ｍｍ、２．０ｍｍ、２．５ｍｍ、３．０ｍｍの位置で成形された金型材料において、ＳＫＤ１１粉末に対してＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が０vol％のもの、ＳＫＤ１１粉末に対してＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が１vol％のもの、ＳＫＤ１１粉末に対してＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が３vol％のもの、ＳＫＤ１１粉末に対してＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が５vol％のものについて測定した。
(Properties of molded and solidified metal materials)
The solidification molding apparatus 30 was operated under the above-described conditions, and the hardness of the mold material obtained by solidifying and molding the mixed powder was measured by the Vickers hardness test. The measurement results are shown in FIG.
In the test, in the mold material molded at a position of 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3.0 mm in the radial direction from the center of the stirring tool 36, the mixing rate of MWCNT is 0 vol% with respect to the SKD11 powder. , MWCNT mixing rate of 1 vol% with respect to SKD11 powder, MWCNT mixing rate of 3 vol% with respect to SKD11 powder, and MWCNT mixing rate of 5 vol% with respect to SKD11 powder .
測定の結果、ＭＷＣＮＴをまったく混入させていないＳＫＤ１１だけの場合にはビッカース硬さが７００（ＨＶ）程度であるのに対し、ＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が１vol％および３vol％のものは、８００〜９００（ＨＶ）であることが判明した。また、ＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が５vol％のものは、最も硬く、ビッカース硬さが９００〜１１００（ＨＶ）であることが判明した。 As a result of the measurement, in the case of only SKD11 in which MWCNT is not mixed at all, the Vickers hardness is about 700 (HV), whereas the MWCNT mixing rate is 1 vol% and 3 vol% is 800 to 900 ( HV). Further, it was found that the MWCNT mixing rate of 5 vol% was the hardest and the Vickers hardness was 900 to 1100 (HV).
なお、図８では、ＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が５vol％の場合までしか示していないが、実際にＭＷＣＮＴを１０vol％まで混入させた場合についてビッカース硬さを測定したところ、９００〜１０００（ＨＶ）程度であることがわかっている。 In addition, in FIG. 8, although only the case where the mixing rate of MWCNT is 5 vol% is shown, when Vickers hardness is measured about the case where MWCNT is actually mixed up to 10 vol%, it is about 900-1000 (HV). I know that there is.
次に、上述した条件で固化成形装置３０を動作させて、混入粉末を固化成形した金型材料の摩擦係数を、以下に説明する摩擦試験により測定した。測定方法の概略図を図９に示す。
摩擦試験では、成形された金型材料を一辺１．５ｍｍの立方体に加工し、これをピンとした。摩擦対象となる材料は、ＳＥＣＣ（電気亜鉛めっき鋼）製の板状体である。
ＳＥＣＣの板状体に対して、ピンを負荷荷重０．４ＭＰａで接触させ、すべり速度３０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、すべり距離１２ｍｍで摩擦試験を行った。
Next, the solidification molding apparatus 30 was operated under the above-described conditions, and the friction coefficient of the mold material obtained by solidification molding of the mixed powder was measured by a friction test described below. A schematic diagram of the measurement method is shown in FIG.
In the friction test, the molded mold material was processed into a cube having a side of 1.5 mm, and this was used as a pin. The material to be rubbed is a plate made of SECC (electrogalvanized steel).
A pin was brought into contact with the SECC plate at a load of 0.4 MPa, and a friction test was performed at a sliding speed of 30 mm / min and a sliding distance of 12 mm.
測定の結果、図１０に示すように、ＭＷＣＮＴをまったく混入させていないＳＫＤ１１だけの場合には摩擦係数が約０．２であるのに対し、ＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が１vol％および３vol％の場合は摩擦係数が約０．１５であることが判明した。また、ＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が５vol％のものは、最も摩擦係数が小さく、摩擦係数が約０．１３であることが判明した。 As a result of the measurement, as shown in FIG. 10, in the case of only SKD11 in which MWCNT is not mixed at all, the friction coefficient is about 0.2, whereas in the case where the mixing ratio of MWCNT is 1 vol% and 3 vol%, The coefficient of friction was found to be about 0.15. It was also found that the MWCNT mixing rate of 5 vol% had the smallest friction coefficient and the friction coefficient was about 0.13.
なお、図１０では、ＭＷＣＮＴの混入率が５vol％の場合までしか示していないが、実際にＭＷＣＮＴを１０vol％まで混入させたものについて、上述した摩擦試験の場合における摩擦係数を測定したところ、０．１３程度であることがわかっている。 In FIG. 10, only the case where the mixing ratio of MWCNT is 5 vol% is shown. However, when the friction coefficient in the above-described friction test was measured for the case where MWCNT was actually mixed up to 10 vol%, it was 0. It is known to be about .13.
このように、ＳＫＤ１１に対してのＭＷＣＮＴの混入率を５％程度とすることで、ＳＫＤ１１単体の金型材料と比較して約３５％硬度が増加した。さらに、ＳＫＤ１１に対してのＭＷＣＮＴの混入率を５％程度とすることで、ＳＫＤ１１単体の金型材料と比較して約３２％摩擦係数が低下した。 Thus, by setting the mixing ratio of MWCNT to SKD11 to about 5%, the hardness increased by about 35% compared to the mold material of SKD11 alone. Further, by setting the mixing ratio of MWCNT with respect to SKD11 to about 5%, the friction coefficient was reduced by about 32% compared to the mold material of SKD11 alone.
なお、本実施形態では、炭素粉末の例としてＭＷＣＮＴについて説明してきたが炭素粉末としてはＭＷＣＮＴに限定されるものではない。 In the present embodiment, MWCNT has been described as an example of carbon powder, but the carbon powder is not limited to MWCNT.
（第２の実施形態）
以下、本発明に係る金型材料の第２の実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
本実施形態の金型材料は、工具鋼の粉末に二硫化モリブデン（ＭｏＳ２）を混入し、混入後に固化させてなるものである。本実施形態の工具鋼としてはＳＫＤ１１を採用した。
(Second Embodiment)
Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the mold material according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The mold material of the present embodiment is obtained by mixing molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) into tool steel powder and solidifying it after mixing. SKD11 was employed as the tool steel of this embodiment.
（ＳＫＤ粉末）
ＳＫＤ１１のＳＥＭ（scanning electron microscope）写真を図１１に示す。
ＳＫＤ１１は、工具鋼のうち合金工具鋼に分類され、鋼に炭素およびクロムを添加し、さらにタングステン、モリブデン等を添加した金型用の材料である。
本実施形態で用いるＳＫＤ１１の粉末は、平均粒径が９．９１μｍである。
(SKD powder)
An SEM (scanning electron microscope) photograph of SKD11 is shown in FIG.
SKD11 is classified as an alloy tool steel among tool steels, and is a material for a mold obtained by adding carbon and chromium to steel and further adding tungsten, molybdenum and the like.
The powder of SKD11 used in this embodiment has an average particle size of 9.91 μm.
（ＭｏＳ２粉末）
ＭｏＳ２のＳＥＭ写真を図１２に示す。
本実施形態で使用されるＭｏＳ２の粉末は、純度９８．２％以上、平均粒径が３０μｍである。
(MoS 2 powder)
An SEM photograph of MoS 2 is shown in FIG.
The MoS 2 powder used in the present embodiment has a purity of 98.2% or more and an average particle size of 30 μm.
（粉末の混入）
ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭｏＳ２粉末との混入について説明する。
ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭｏＳ２粉末を３軸方向加振型ボールミル（（株）トポロジックシステム社製ＴＫＭＡＣ−１２００Ｌ）にかけ混入した。
このボールミルによる混入では、まず、混入対象原料であるＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭｏＳ２粉末をＳＫＤ製等の容器に装填し、直径５ｍｍのＳＵＪ２製のボール３５０個を上記容器に装填した。そして両粉末とボールとを容器に装填した後、容器内部を不活性ガス（例えばＡｒガス）で満たして密閉した。密閉後、容器を３軸方向に加振させて、ボールを強制的に揺動・衝突させることにより、ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭｏＳ２粉末を撹拌・混入して複合化させることができた。
なお、ボールミルの振動数は８００ｒｐｍ、処理時間は３時間とした。
(Mixing of powder)
The mixing of SKD11 powder and MoS 2 powder will be described.
SKD11 powder and MoS 2 powder were mixed by applying to a triaxial vibration type ball mill (TKMAC-1200L, manufactured by Topological System Co., Ltd.).
This contamination by a ball mill, first, loaded with SKD11 powder and MoS 2 powder is mixed target material in a container SKD steel such as 350 cells balls SUJ2 steel having a diameter of 5mm were loaded into the container. Then, after charging both the powder and the ball into the container, the inside of the container was filled with an inert gas (for example, Ar gas) and sealed. After sealing, the container was vibrated in three axial directions, and the balls were forcibly swung and collided to agitate and mix the SKD11 powder and the MoS 2 powder.
The vibration frequency of the ball mill was 800 rpm and the treatment time was 3 hours.
ＳＫＤ１１に対して、ＭｏＳ２を５vol％混入させた場合のＳＥＭ写真を図１３に示す。
このＳＥＭ写真を見ると、ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭｏＳ２粉末とをボールミルにより混入させることにより、ＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭｏＳ２粉末とが複合化したことがわかる。
FIG. 13 shows an SEM photograph in which 5 vol% of MoS 2 is mixed with SKD11.
Looking at this SEM photograph, by mixing in a ball mill and SKD11 powder and MoS 2 powder, it can be seen that the SKD11 powder and MoS 2 powder complexed.
（複合化した粉末の固化）
次に、上述したＳＫＤ１１粉末とＭｏＳ２粉末とを混入して複合化させた粉末（以下、混入粉末と称する場合がある）を、固化成形する方法を説明する。
混入粉末の固化成形は、常温圧縮回転剪断方法によって行うことができる。常温圧縮回転剪断方法とは、金属の粉末を容器内に充填した後、棒状の撹拌工具を用いて圧縮しつつ撹拌することで、金属の粉末を摩擦により接合する方法である。この方法では、常温で且つ短時間で金属粉末を固化させることができる。
(Solidification of composite powder)
Next, a method for solidifying and molding the above-mentioned powder in which the SKD11 powder and the MoS 2 powder are mixed and mixed (hereinafter sometimes referred to as mixed powder) will be described.
Solidification molding of the mixed powder can be performed by a room temperature compression rotary shearing method. The room temperature compression rotational shearing method is a method in which metal powder is joined by friction by filling a metal powder into a container and stirring while compressing it using a bar-like stirring tool. In this method, the metal powder can be solidified at room temperature in a short time.
常温圧縮回転剪断方法を実行する固化成形装置を図１４に示す。
固化成形装置３０は、固化対象の金属粉末を充填するための充填室３１が構成されるダイス３２と、ダイス３２の穴３３の下方から充填室３１へ向けて突出して充填室３１の底面を構成する下パンチ３４と、を備えている。
ダイス３２の穴３３の上方からは下面に押圧撹拌部３５を有する棒状の撹拌工具３６が、充填室３１内に進入して配置される。
FIG. 14 shows a solidification molding apparatus that executes the room temperature compression rotary shearing method.
The solidification molding apparatus 30 constitutes a die 32 in which a filling chamber 31 for filling metal powder to be solidified is formed, and a bottom surface of the filling chamber 31 that protrudes from below the hole 33 of the die 32 toward the filling chamber 31. And a lower punch 34.
From above the hole 33 of the die 32, a rod-like stirring tool 36 having a pressing stirring portion 35 on the lower surface enters the filling chamber 31 and is disposed.
図１５に撹拌工具の全体構成を示す。
撹拌工具３６は、ダイス３２の穴３３内に隙間無く挿入できるような棒状である。撹拌工具３６の上端部は、上下方向に移動可能であり、且つ軸線方向に回転可能となるよう、駆動装置（図示せず）に接続されている。
撹拌工具３６の押圧撹拌部３５は、充填室３１内の金属粉末を押圧し、先端に設けられた雄ねじ部３８によって撹拌する。雄ねじ部３８は、撹拌工具３６の径（ダイス３２の穴３３）よりも小径に形成されており、充填室３１内に充填された金属粉末内で回転し、金属粉末を撹拌・せん断する機能を有する。
なお、撹拌工具の押圧撹拌部としては、雄ねじ部によって撹拌・剪断することには限定されず、単に外周方向に沿った溝が形成されているだけであってもよい。
FIG. 15 shows the overall configuration of the stirring tool.
The stirring tool 36 has a rod shape that can be inserted into the hole 33 of the die 32 without a gap. The upper end portion of the stirring tool 36 is connected to a driving device (not shown) so as to be movable in the vertical direction and to be rotatable in the axial direction.
The pressing and agitating unit 35 of the agitating tool 36 presses the metal powder in the filling chamber 31 and agitates it by a male screw portion 38 provided at the tip. The male screw portion 38 is formed to have a smaller diameter than the diameter of the stirring tool 36 (the hole 33 of the die 32), and has a function of rotating and stirring and shearing the metal powder in the metal powder filled in the filling chamber 31. Have.
In addition, as a press stirring part of a stirring tool, it is not limited to stirring and shearing by an external thread part, The groove | channel along the outer peripheral direction may only be formed.
また、下パンチ３４には、金属粉末に対する押圧力を測定するための押圧力測定手段として、ストレインゲージ４０が設けられている。
ダイス３２には、温度センサ４２が設けられており、この温度センサ４２によって固化成形中の金属粉末の温度を測定することができる。なお、温度センサ４２の先端部が金属粉末の充填された充填室３１内に突出しないよう、温度センサ４２の挿入穴４３は、充填室３１までは貫通しないように形成されている。
The lower punch 34 is provided with a strain gauge 40 as a pressing force measuring means for measuring the pressing force against the metal powder.
The die 32 is provided with a temperature sensor 42, and the temperature sensor 42 can measure the temperature of the metal powder being solidified. The insertion hole 43 of the temperature sensor 42 is formed so as not to penetrate to the filling chamber 31 so that the tip of the temperature sensor 42 does not protrude into the filling chamber 31 filled with metal powder.
本実施形態の混入粉末を固化成形させる場合の固化成形装置３０の動作条件は以下のとおりである。
撹拌工具３６の材質はＳＫＤ１１、撹拌工具３６の負荷荷重は５ｋＮ、撹拌工具３６の回転数は１８００ｒｐｍ、成形時間は１５ｓである。また、固化成形時の雰囲気は大気であり、温度は室温である。
The operating conditions of the solidification molding apparatus 30 when the mixed powder of this embodiment is solidified and molded are as follows.
The material of the stirring tool 36 is SKD11, the load of the stirring tool 36 is 5 kN, the rotational speed of the stirring tool 36 is 1800 rpm, and the molding time is 15 s. The atmosphere during solidification molding is air, and the temperature is room temperature.
（成形固化された金属材料の性質）
上述した条件で固化成形装置３０を動作させて、混入粉末を固化成形した金型材料の硬さをビッカース硬さ試験で測定した。測定結果を図１６に示す。
試験は、撹拌工具３６の中心から径方向に２．５ｍｍ、３．０ｍｍ、３．５ｍｍ、の位置で成形された金型材料において、ＳＫＤ１１粉末に対してＭｏＳ２の混入率が１vol％のもの、ＳＫＤ１１粉末に対してＭｏＳ２の混入率が５vol％のもの、ＳＫＤ１１粉末に対してＭｏＳ２の混入率が１０vol％のもの、ＳＫＤ１１粉末に対してＭｏＳ２の混入率が１５vol％のもの、ＳＫＤ１１粉末に対してＭｏＳ２の混入率が２０vol％のものについて測定した。
(Properties of molded and solidified metal materials)
The solidification molding apparatus 30 was operated under the conditions described above, and the hardness of the mold material obtained by solidification molding of the mixed powder was measured by the Vickers hardness test. The measurement results are shown in FIG.
In the test, in the mold material molded at a position of 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm in the radial direction from the center of the stirring tool 36, the mixing rate of MoS 2 is 1 vol% with respect to the SKD11 powder. , MoS 2 mixing rate of 5 vol% with respect to SKD11 powder, MoS 2 mixing rate of 10 vol% with respect to SKD11 powder, MoS 2 mixing rate of 15 vol% with respect to SKD11 powder, SKD11 mixing ratio of MoS 2 was measured for those of 20 vol% relative to the powder.
測定の結果、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が１vol％の場合にはビッカース硬さが６００〜７００（ＨＶ）程度であり、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が５vol％の場合にはビッカース硬さが１０００（ＨＶ）程度であり、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が１０vol％の場合にはビッカース硬さが８００〜９００（ＨＶ）程度であり、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が１５vol％の場合にはビッカース硬さが９００（ＨＶ）程度であり、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が２０vol％の場合にはビッカース硬さが７００〜８００（ＨＶ）程度であることが判明した。このように、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が１〜２０vol％の場合、混入率が５vol％のときに最も硬く、ビッカース硬さが１１００（ＨＶ）程度である。 As a result of the measurement, when the mixing ratio of MoS 2 is 1 vol% is Vickers hardness 600 to 700 (HV) about, Vickers hardness when mixing ratio of MoS 2 is 5 vol% is 1000 (HV) When the mixing rate of MoS 2 is 10 vol%, the Vickers hardness is about 800 to 900 (HV), and when the mixing rate of MoS 2 is 15 vol%, the Vickers hardness is 900 (HV). It was found that the Vickers hardness was about 700 to 800 (HV) when the mixing rate of MoS 2 was 20 vol%. Thus, when the mixing rate of MoS 2 is 1 to 20 vol%, it is the hardest when the mixing rate is 5 vol%, and the Vickers hardness is about 1100 (HV).
次に、上述した条件で固化成形装置３０を動作させて、混入粉末を固化成形した金型材料の摩擦係数を以下に説明する摩擦試験により測定した。測定方法の概略図を図１７に示す。
摩擦試験では、成形された金型材料を板状体に加工し、摩擦対象となる材料を直径４ｍｍの球状（ボール状）のＳＵＳ３０４とした。
成形された金型材料の板状体に対して、ＳＵＳ３０４ボールを負荷荷重０．９８Ｎで接触させ、すべり速度３０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、すべり距離１ｍｍで摩擦試験を行った。
Next, the solidification molding apparatus 30 was operated under the above-described conditions, and the friction coefficient of the mold material obtained by solidification molding of the mixed powder was measured by a friction test described below. A schematic diagram of the measurement method is shown in FIG.
In the friction test, the molded mold material was processed into a plate-like body, and the material to be rubbed was a spherical (ball-shaped) SUS304 having a diameter of 4 mm.
A SUS304 ball was brought into contact with the plate-shaped body of the molded mold material at a load of 0.98 N, and a friction test was performed at a sliding speed of 30 mm / min and a sliding distance of 1 mm.
測定の結果、図１８に示すように、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が１vol％および５vol％の場合は摩擦係数が約０．１３であり、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が１０vol％の場合は摩擦係数が約０．１０であり、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が１５vol％の場合は摩擦係数が約０．１１であり、ＭｏＳ２の混入率が２０vol％の場合は摩擦係数が約０．２６であることが判明した。 As a result of the measurement, as shown in FIG. 18, when the mixing rate of MoS 2 is 1 vol% and 5 vol%, the friction coefficient is about 0.13, and when the mixing rate of MoS 2 is 10 vol%, the friction coefficient is about When the mixing ratio of MoS 2 is 15 vol%, the friction coefficient is about 0.11, and when the mixing ratio of MoS 2 is 20 vol%, the friction coefficient is about 0.26. did.
このように、ＳＫＤ１１に対してＭｏＳ２を１〜２０vol％混入させた場合、混入率が５vol％のときに、ＳＫＤ１１単体の金型材料と比較して最も硬度が増加した。さらに、ＳＫＤ１１に対してＭｏＳ２を１〜２０vol％混入させた場合、混入率が１０vol％のときに、ＳＫＤ単体の金型材料と比較して最も摩擦係数が低下した。 Thus, when 1-20 vol% of MoS 2 was mixed with SKD11, the hardness increased most as compared with the mold material of SKD11 alone when the mixing rate was 5 vol%. Furthermore, when 1 to 20 vol% of MoS 2 was mixed with SKD11, the friction coefficient was the lowest as compared with the mold material of SKD alone when the mixing rate was 10 vol%.
以上、本発明につき好適な実施形態を挙げて種々説明したが、本発明はこの実施形態に限定されるものではなく、発明の精神を逸脱しない範囲内で多くの改変を施し得るのはもちろんである。 The present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. is there.
３０ 固化成形装置
３１ 充填室
３２ ダイス
３３ 穴
３４ 下パンチ
３５ 押圧撹拌部
３６ 撹拌工具
３８ 雄ねじ部
４０ ストレインゲージ
４２ 温度センサ
４３ 挿入穴
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 30 Solidification molding apparatus 31 Filling chamber 32 Dies 33 Hole 34 Lower punch 35 Press stirring part 36 Stirring tool 38 Male thread part 40 Strain gauge 42 Temperature sensor 43 Insertion hole
Claims (5)
ビッカース硬さが８００〜１１００であり、
前記金型材料を一辺が１．５ｍｍの立方体とし、相手材を電気亜鉛めっき鋼とし、負荷応力０．４MPa、すべり速度３０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、すべり距離１２ｍｍとした摩擦試験における場合の摩擦係数が０．１〜０．１５であることを特徴とする金型材料。 A tool material obtained by solidifying a tool steel powder mixed with 1 to 10% by volume of carbon powder,
Vickers hardness is 800-1100,
The mold material is a cube having a side of 1.5 mm, the mating material is electrogalvanized steel, the load stress is 0.4 MPa, the sliding speed is 30 mm / min, and the friction coefficient in the friction test is 12 mm. Mold material characterized by being 1 to 0.15.
ビッカース硬さが１１００であり、
前記摩擦試験における場合の摩擦係数が０．１であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の金型材料。 5 vol% of carbon powder is mixed,
Vickers hardness is 1100,
The mold material according to claim 1, wherein a friction coefficient in the friction test is 0.1.
ビッカース硬さが８００〜１０００であり、
相手材をＳＵＳ３０４ボールとし、負荷応力０．９８Ｎ、すべり速度３０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、すべり距離１ｍｍとした摩擦試験における場合の摩擦係数が０．１〜０．１５であることを特徴とする金型材料。 A tool material obtained by solidifying a tool steel powder mixed with 1 to 15 vol% of molybdenum disulfide powder,
Vickers hardness is 800-1000,
A die material having a friction coefficient of 0.1 to 0.15 in a friction test in which a mating material is SUS304 ball, a load stress is 0.98 N, a sliding speed is 30 mm / min, and a sliding distance is 1 mm.
ビッカース硬さが９００であり、
前記摩擦試験における場合の摩擦係数が０．１であることを特徴とする請求項４記載の金型材料。 10 vol% of molybdenum disulfide powder is mixed,
Vickers hardness is 900,
5. The mold material according to claim 4, wherein a friction coefficient in the friction test is 0.1.
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| JPS55164053A (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1980-12-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Production of iron-based sintered material |
| JPH08176698A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | Self-lubricating composite powder alloy |
| JP2001032001A (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-02-06 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Self-lubricating metal and its production |
| WO2005040068A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-06 | Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. | Method for producing carbon nanotube-dispersed composite material |
| JP2005207482A (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-08-04 | Teikoku Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Sliding member |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS55164053A (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1980-12-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Production of iron-based sintered material |
| JPH08176698A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | Self-lubricating composite powder alloy |
| JP2001032001A (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-02-06 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Self-lubricating metal and its production |
| WO2005040068A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-06 | Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. | Method for producing carbon nanotube-dispersed composite material |
| JP2005207482A (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-08-04 | Teikoku Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Sliding member |
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