JP2011050953A - Reactor and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To properly keep the temperature of a reactor body while suppressing the amount of heat transfer to a heat insulating container from the reactor. <P>SOLUTION: The reactor 10 includes a reactor body 11 and the heat insulating container 20 housing the reactor body 11. The heat insulating container 20 has radiation permeating areas 23, 25 permeating radiation in infrared region. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a reaction device and an electronic device used for a fuel cell device or the like.

  In recent years, fuel cells using hydrogen as fuel as a clean power source with high energy conversion efficiency have begun to be applied to automobiles and portable devices. A fuel cell is a device that takes out electric power directly from chemical energy by electrochemically reacting fuel and oxygen in the atmosphere.

  The fuel used in the fuel cell includes hydrogen, but there is a problem in handling and storage due to being a gas at room temperature. When liquid fuels such as alcohols and gasoline are used, a vaporizer that vaporizes the liquid fuel, a reformer that extracts hydrogen necessary for power generation by reacting the vaporized fuel with high-temperature steam, and a by-product of the reforming reaction Therefore, a carbon monoxide remover or the like that removes carbon monoxide is required.

  Since the operating temperature of the vaporizer and the carbon monoxide remover is high, the high-temperature body as the reactor main body is stored in a high-temperature body storage device as a heat insulating container to suppress heat dissipation. (For example, see Patent Literature).

JP 2004-303695 A

  By the way, in such a heat insulating container, if the amount of heat conducted from the reaction apparatus main body to the heat insulation container is suppressed, the temperature of the reaction apparatus main body increases, and there is a possibility that an appropriate reaction temperature cannot be maintained. On the other hand, in order to avoid such a problem, for example, when the amount of heat conducted from the reactor main body to the heat insulating container is increased, there is a problem that the temperature of an external electronic device including the reactor main body increases.

  The subject of this invention is maintaining the temperature of a reactor main body appropriately, suppressing the amount of heat transfer from a reactor main body to a heat insulation container.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a reaction apparatus comprising: a reaction apparatus main body having a reaction part with which a reactant reacts; and a first container that accommodates the reaction apparatus main body. And the first container has a radiation transmission region that transmits the radiation from the reactor main body.

Invention of claim 2, a reactor according to claim 1, wherein the said radiation transmissive region of the first _{container, CaF 2, BaF 2, ZnSe} , MgF 2, KRS-5, KRS _{-6, LiF, SiO 2, CsI} , KBr, AlF 3, NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, CaCO 3, KI, NaI, NaNO 3, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, Al 2 O 3, BiF ₃ , CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF ₃ , CeO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , DyF ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , GaAs, GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , Ge, HfO ₂ , HoF ₃ , Ho ₂ O ₃ , _{la 2 O 3, MgO, NaF} , Nb 2 O 5, PbF 2, Si, Si 3 N 4, SrF 2, TlCl, YF 3, Y 2 O 3, ZnO, ZnS, ZrO 2 at least one of used Wherein the said portion excluding the radiation transmissive region of the first container, wherein the transmittance of the radiation transmissive region infrared region than in the first container is lower materials are used.

The invention according to claim 3, wherein a reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the entire first _{container, CaF 2, BaF 2, ZnSe} , MgF 2, KRS-5, KRS-6, _{LiF, SiO 2, CsI, KBr} , AlF 3, NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, CaCO 3, KI, NaI, NaNO 3, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, Al 2 O 3, BiF 3, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF ₃ , CeO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , DyF ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , GaAs, GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , Ge, HfO ₂ , HoF ₃ , Ho ₂ O ₃ , La ₂ O _{3, MgO, NaF, Nb 2} O 5, PbF 2, Si, Si 3 N 4, SrF 2, TlCl, YF 3, Y 2 O 3, ZnO, ZnS, that at least one of ZrO ₂ are used And butterflies.

  Invention of Claim 4 is a reactor as described in any one of Claims 1-3, Comprising: On the inner wall surface of the part except the said radiation transmission region of said 1st container, Au, Al , Ag, Cu, and Rh are used.

  Invention of Claim 5 is the reaction apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-4, Comprising: On the opposing surface with the said radiation permeation | transmission area | region of the said reaction apparatus main body, the said reaction apparatus main body is the said. A radiation heat radiation region having a higher emissivity in the infrared region than the outer wall surface of the portion excluding the surface facing the radiation transmission region is provided.

  Invention of Claim 6 is the reaction apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-5, Comprising: The part except the opposing surface with the said radiation permeation | transmission area | region of the said reaction apparatus main body has the said reaction. A radiation prevention film for preventing radiation from the apparatus main body is provided.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the radiation heat radiation region is formed by a non-evaporable getter.

  Invention of Claim 8 is a reaction apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-7, Comprising: The outer side of the said reaction apparatus main body, and the inner side of a said 1st container are more than atmospheric pressure. It is characterized by low pressure.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention is the reaction apparatus according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, characterized in that the reaction portion is arranged opposite to the radiation transmission region.

  Invention of Claim 10 is the reaction apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-8, Comprising: The said reaction apparatus main body is mutually different temperature, and 2 or more reaction parts with which a reaction material each reacts And at least one of the two or more reaction parts is arranged to face the radiation transmission region.

  Invention of Claim 11 is the reaction apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-10, Comprising: The said reaction part contains the vaporizer which vaporizes fuel and water, and produces | generates air-fuel | gaseous mixture, In the radiation transmission region, at least one of KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, CdSe, CdTe, Ge is used. It is characterized by being.

A twelfth aspect of the invention is the reaction apparatus according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, wherein the reaction section includes a reformer that generates a reformed gas from the vaporized fuel and water. In the radiation transmission region, ZnSe, KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF ₃ , CdSe, CdS , CdTe, GaAs, GaSe, Ge, NaF, PbF ₂ , TlCl, YF ₃ , and ZnO are used.

  A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the reaction apparatus according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, wherein the reaction section includes a fuel cell that generates electric power by reaction of a reactant. And

The invention described in claim 14, a reactor according to claim 13, wherein the fuel cell is a molten carbonate, wherein the radiation transmissive _{region, CaF 2, BaF 2, ZnSe} , KRS- 5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, AlF 3, NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF 3, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF 3, CeO ₂ , DyF ₂ , GaAs, GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , HfO ₂ , La ₂ O ₃ , NaF, PbF ₂ , Si, TlCl, YF ₃ , ZnO, ZnS are used. .

The invention according to claim 15 is:
14. The reactor according to claim 13, wherein the fuel cell is a solid oxide type, and the radiation transmission region includes CaF ₂ , BaF ₂ , ZnSe, MgF ₂ , KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, AlF ₃ , NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF ₃ , CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF ₃ , CeO ₂ , DyF ₂ GaAs , GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , HfO ₂ , La ₂ O ₃ , MgO, NaF, PbF ₂ , Si, Si ₃ N ₄ , SrF ₂ , TlCl, YF ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, ZnS It is used.

  The invention described in claim 16 is an electronic device comprising the reaction device according to any one of claims 13 to 15 and an electronic device main body that operates by electric power of the fuel cell. And

  The invention according to claim 17 is the electronic device according to claim 16, characterized in that the radiation transmission region is arranged along an outer peripheral surface of the electronic device.

  According to the present invention, by performing radiation heat radiation from the reactor main body to the outside of the heat insulating container, the temperature of the reactor main body can be appropriately maintained while suppressing the amount of heat transfer from the reactor main body to the heat insulating container. .

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of 10 A of reaction apparatuses which concern on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the radiation intensity in 100 to 1000 degreeC, and a wavelength. It is a graph which shows the wavelength dependence of the reflectance of Au, Al, Ag, Cu, and Rh. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the transmittance | permeability of the substance used as the material of the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25, and the wavelength of light. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the transmittance | permeability of the substance used as the material of the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25, and the wavelength of light. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the reaction apparatus 10B which concerns on the 1st modification of this invention. It is a VII arrow line view of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of 10 C of reaction apparatuses which concern on the 2nd modification of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of reaction apparatus 10D which concerns on the 3rd modification of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the electronic device 100 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 2 is a perspective view of a reaction device 110. FIG. It is a schematic cross section corresponding to the XII-XII cutting line of FIG. It is a XIII arrow directional view of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the electronic device 200 which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 2 is a perspective view of a reaction device 210. FIG. It is a schematic cross section corresponding to the XVI-XVI cutting line of FIG. It is a XVII arrow directional view of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the electronic device 300 which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. 2 is a perspective view of a reaction device 310. FIG. It is a schematic cross section corresponding to the XX-XX cutting line of FIG. It is a XXI arrow line view of FIG. It is a schematic cross section which shows the structure of 310 A of reaction apparatuses which concern on the 4th modification of this invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows the structure of the reaction apparatus 310B which concerns on the 5th modification of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the example of the form of the electronic device 300 which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic cross section similar to FIG. 20 of the reaction apparatus 310C which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 26 is a view similar to FIG. 21 in FIG. It is a bottom view of reaction device 310D concerning the 1st example of the present invention. It is a bottom view of the reaction apparatus 310E which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the result of having calculated the relationship between the length from the high temperature reaction part 317 of the 3rd connection part 316, and temperature. It is a schematic cross section which shows the structure of the reaction apparatus 310F which concerns on the 6th modification of this invention. It is a schematic cross section showing the composition of reaction device 310G concerning the 7th modification of the present invention. It is a schematic cross section of the reaction apparatus 310H which concerns on 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is the same XXXIII arrow line view as FIG. 21 in FIG. It is a bottom view of the reaction apparatus 310I which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention. It is a bottom view of reaction device 310J concerning the 5th example of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the result of having calculated the relationship between the length from the high temperature reaction part 317 of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347, and temperature. It is a schematic diagram which shows the temperature and heat amount in the steady state of the reaction apparatus 310K which concerns on the 5th comparative example of this invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating ideal heat exchange. It is a schematic diagram which shows the temperature and heat amount in the steady state of 310 L of reaction apparatuses which concern on 7th Embodiment of this invention.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, although various technically preferable limitations for implementing the present invention are given to the embodiments described below, the scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a reaction apparatus 10A according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the reaction apparatus 10 </ b> A includes a reaction apparatus main body 11 and a heat insulating container (first container) 20 that houses the reaction apparatus main body 11. For example, the reaction apparatus 10A may be formed by bonding metal plates such as stainless steel (SUS304), Kovar alloy, or nickel base alloy, or may be formed by bonding optical materials or glass substrates.
On the outer wall surface of the reactor main body 11, a radiation preventing film 11a for preventing radiation is provided except for a portion where radiation heat dissipating films 13a and 15a described later are provided. As the material of the radiation preventing film 11a, the same material as that of the reflection film 21a described later can be used. The radiation preventing film 11a suppresses the movement of the amount of heat to the outside of the reaction apparatus 10A due to radiation from the reaction apparatus 10A.

The reaction apparatus main body 11 includes a first connection part 12, a low temperature reaction part 13, a second connection part 14, and a high temperature reaction part 15. The high temperature reaction unit 15 is kept at a higher temperature than the low temperature reaction unit 13.
As shown in FIG. 1, radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a are provided on the outer surfaces of the low temperature reaction part 13 and the high temperature reaction part 15, respectively. The radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a can be made of a material having a high radiation rate of 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more in the infrared region of 1 to 30 μm.

The radiation heat dissipating films 13a and 15a may be formed on the entire surface of the reaction apparatus main body 11 after the radiation preventing film 11a is formed, and then overlapped with the radiation preventing film 11a.
As a material for the radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a, a material that can be easily produced can be selected. Various oxides typified by SiO ₂ and alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), clay minerals such as kaolin, Ceramic or the like can be used. For example, SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , kaolin, RFeO ₃ (R is rare earth), hafnium oxide, YSZ, heat-resistant radiation paint containing titanium oxide, or the like can be used.
The radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a can be formed into a sheet shape by applying an emulsion liquid containing a material having a high radiation rate to a substrate or the like and drying it.
Alternatively, the radiation heat radiation films 13 a and 15 a may be formed by a non-evaporable getter that adsorbs the gas in the heat insulating container 20.

  On the other hand, a material having electrical conductivity, for example, ordinary metal or graphite that appears black in the visible light region has a low emissivity in a long wavelength region including the infrared region, and is therefore used as a material for the radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a. It is not possible.

In addition, the radiation heat radiation films 13 a and 15 a can be formed of Al ₂ O ₃ in the form of a porous body on the outer surface of the housing 21 by a technique such as anodic oxidation. Alternatively, a cloth using a thin glass fiber can be used as the radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a.
The radiation heat radiation films 13 a and 15 a are arranged to face the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25 on the inner wall surface of the heat insulating container 20.

  The 1st connection part 12 contains piping used as the flow path through which the reaction material and reaction product which react in the high temperature reaction part 15 and the low temperature reaction part 13 flow. The first connecting part 12 is connected to the low temperature reaction part 13 at one end, penetrates the heat insulating container 20 at the other end, and is connected to an external device (not shown) at the other end. The first connecting portion 12 reacts with the first piping (outflow piping) serving as a flow path for sending reactants and products from the low temperature reaction section 13 to the outside of the heat insulation container 20 and from the outside of the heat insulation container 20 to the low temperature reaction section 13. 2nd piping (inflow piping) which sends a thing and a product.

  The second connecting portion 14 includes a pipe that becomes a flow path for a reaction product and a product to be generated in the high temperature reaction portion 15 and the low temperature reaction portion 13, and connects the high temperature reaction portion 15 and the low temperature reaction portion 13. . The second connecting part 14 is connected to the high temperature reaction part 15 at one end, and connected to the low temperature reaction part 13 at the other end, and a flow path for sending reactants and products from the high temperature reaction part 15 to the low temperature reaction part 13 A third pipe (outflow pipe) and a fourth pipe (inflow pipe) for sending reactants and products from the low-temperature reaction section 13 to the high-temperature reaction section 15.

  Next, the heat insulating container 20 will be described. The heat insulating container 20 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the reactor main body 11 is accommodated therein.

The inner space of the heat insulating container 20 is maintained at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, for example, 10 Pa or less, more preferably 1 Pa or less, in order to prevent heat conduction and convection by gas molecules.
The heat insulating container 20 is generally composed of a housing 21, radiation transmission windows 23 and 25, and a reflective film 21a.
A reflection film 21 a that reflects radiation is formed on the inner wall surface of the casing 21 in order to suppress heat loss due to radiation from the reactor main body 11. The material of the reflective film 21a will be described later. The reflection film 21 a suppresses the movement of the heat amount to the housing 21 due to the radiation from the reaction apparatus main body 11.

  Since the heat quantity is conducted from the high temperature reaction part 15 to the low temperature reaction part 13 through the second connection part 14, when a heat quantity more than the heat quantity conducted to the heat insulating container 20 is conducted through the first connection part 12, the temperature is an appropriate temperature. There is a risk of rising. Therefore, radiation transmitting windows 23 and 25 are provided on the inner wall surface of the heat insulating container 20 of the present embodiment at positions corresponding to the low temperature reaction unit 13 and the high temperature reaction unit 15, respectively.

  The radiation transmission windows 23 and 25 have a higher radiation transmittance in the infrared region than the region where the reflection film 21 a on the inner wall surface of the heat insulating container 20 is provided. The radiation transmission window 25 transmits the radiation from the radiation heat radiation film 15 a of the high temperature reaction section 15 and emits it to the outside of the heat insulating container 20. The radiation transmission window 23 transmits the radiation from the radiation heat radiation film 13 a of the low temperature reaction unit 13 and emits it to the outside of the heat insulating container 20.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25 are provided in a portion facing the radiation heat radiation films 13 a and 15 a of the heat insulating container 20, and are formed of a material having high radiation transmittance in the infrared region. ing. The material of the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25 will be described later.

Hereinafter, heat transfer in the reactor 10A will be described.
In general, when the heat transfer amount of a solid is Q, the thermal conductivity is k, the cross-sectional area is S, the temperature difference is ΔT, and the heat transfer length is Δx, the following formula (1) is established.

Therefore, the amount of heat transfer Q _S1 from the high temperature reaction part 15 to the low temperature reaction part 13 through the second connection part 14 is the temperature difference between the high temperature reaction part 15 and the low temperature reaction part 13, the thermal conductivity of the second connection part 14 and It is proportional to the cross-sectional area and inversely proportional to the length of the second connecting portion 14. Similarly, the heat transfer amount Q _S2 from the low temperature reaction part 13 to the heat insulation container 20 is proportional to the temperature difference between the low temperature reaction part 13 and the heat insulation container 20, the thermal conductivity and the cross-sectional area of the first connection part 12, and It is inversely proportional to the length from the low temperature reaction part 13 of the connection part 12 to the heat insulation container 20.

Next, the heat radiation amount by the radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a will be examined.
The heat balance due to transfer of reaction heat and heat with the flowing gas in the high temperature reaction section 15 is Q _RA , the heat balance in the low temperature reaction section 13 is Q _RB , the heat radiation amount by the radiation heat radiation film 15a is Q _I , and the radiation heat radiation film 13a. When the heat radiation amount due to is Q _II , the following mathematical formulas (2) and (3) are established in a thermal equilibrium state.

From equations (2) and (3), the total heat balance of the low temperature reactor 13 and the high temperature reactor 15 is the sum of Q _I , Q _II and Q _S2 . Therefore, in order to keep the temperature of each reactor appropriately, it is necessary to appropriately set the heat radiation amount according to the heat balance of each reactor 13, 15. Here, since the heat transfer amount Q _S2 to the heat insulation container is equal to the heat transfer amount to the external device via the heat insulation container, it is necessary to suppress Q _{S2 in} order to prevent the temperature rise of the external device. . On the other hand, the heat radiation amounts Q _I and Q _II due to the radiation heat radiation films 15a and 13a are radiated to the outside through the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25. Therefore, by appropriately arranging each radiation transmission window, this heat is generated. It is possible to prevent heat from being transferred to an external device. Therefore, by appropriately setting the heat radiation amounts Q _I and Q _II according to the total heat balance in each reactor 13 and 15 and the amount of heat transfer Q _S2 to the heat-insulated container suppressed, It is possible to suppress the heat transfer amount Q _S2 to an external device while maintaining the temperature of 15 appropriately.

ここで、σはシュテファン＝ボルツマン定数であり、σ＝５．６７×１０^-8（Ｗ／ｍ²／Ｋ⁴）である。したがって、放熱量Ｑ_I、Ｑ_IIは、輻射放熱膜１３ａ，１５ａの面積を変更したり、適度な輻射率の材質を選択することにより調整することができる。 According to Stefan-Boltzmann law, the absolute temperature T (K), emissivity epsilon, the total radiant energy E released per unit time from the object surface area ^{A (m 2) (W /} m 2) The following equation It is represented by (4).

Here, σ is a Stefan = Boltzmann constant, and σ = 5.67 × 10 ⁻⁸ (W / m ² / K ⁴ ). Therefore, the heat radiation amounts Q _I and Q _II can be adjusted by changing the areas of the radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a or selecting a material having an appropriate radiation rate.

Next, the wavelength of the radiation radiated from the radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a and the material of the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25 will be examined.
The black body radiation intensity B (λ) of the electromagnetic wave having the wavelength λ emitted from the black body at the temperature T (K) is given by the following formula (5) called the Planck formula.

According to the Wien's displacement law, the wavelength λ _max (m) at which the radiation intensity from the black body at the temperature T (K) takes a peak is inversely proportional to the temperature T (K) and is expressed by the following equation (6).

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the radiation intensity at 100 ° C. to 1000 ° C. and the wavelength obtained by the mathematical formula (5). The radiation intensity B (λ _max ) at the wavelength λ _max is normalized as 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the wavelength at which the radiation intensity becomes maximum differs depending on the temperature of the reaction part. Therefore, according to the operating temperature of the low-temperature reaction part 13 and the high-temperature reaction part 15, It is necessary to select the material.

  FIG. 3 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the reflectance of Au, Al, Ag, Cu, and Rh, which are candidates for the material of the reflective film 21a. As shown in FIG. 3, Au, Al, Ag, and Cu have a reflectance of 90% or more in the infrared region of about 1 μm or more emitted from the reaction part at 100 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and the reflective film 21a. Can be used as Further, since Rh has a reflectance of 90% or more in the infrared region of about 2 μm or more, it can be used as the reflective film 21a if the temperature of the reaction part is 500 ° C. or less.

  4 and 5 are graphs showing the relationship between the transmittance of a substance that is a candidate material for the radiation transmitting windows 23 and 25 and the wavelength of light. As the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25, a material having a high transmittance of the radiation radiated from the radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a can be selected. On the other hand, a material having a low transmittance and a high absorption rate of the radiation radiated from the radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a raises the temperature of the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25 due to the absorbed radiant heat. It is not suitable because it will transfer heat.

Examples of suitable materials for the radiation transmitting windows 23 and 25 include CaF ₂ (calcium fluoride; 0.15-12) and BaF ₂ (barium fluoride; 0.25-15), ZnSe (zinc selenide; 0.6-18), magnesium MgF ₂ (fluoride; 0.13-10), KRS-5 (bromoiodide thallium; 0.6-60) KRS-6 (odor thallium chloride; 0.41-34), LiF (lithium fluoride; 0.11-8), SiO ₂ (optical synthetic quartz; 0.16-8), CsI (cesium iodide; 0 .2-70), KBr (potassium bromide; 0.2-40), and the like can be used. The number in parentheses is the transmission region wavelength (μm).

In addition to _{this, AlF 3 (0.22-12), NaCl} (0.21-26), (0.16-15), KCl (0.21-30), CsCl (0.19-25), _{CsBr (0.24-40), CsF (0.27-18} ), NaBr (0.22-23), CaCO 3 (0.3-5.5), KI (0.3-30), NaI ( 0.25-25), AgCl (0.4-30), AgBr (0.45-33), TlBr (0.9-40), Al 2 O 3 (0.2-8), BiF 3 (0 .26-20), CdSe (0.7-25), CdS (0.55-18), CdTe (0.86-28), CeF 3 (0.3-12), CeO 2 (0.4- _{16), Cr 2 O 3 (} 1.2-10), DyF 2 (0.22-12), GaAs (0.9-18), GaSe (0. _{5-17), Gd 2 O 3 (} 0.32-15), Ge (1.7-25), HfO 2 (0.23-12), La 2 O 3 (0.26-11), MgO ( 0.23-9), NaF (0.13-15), Nb ₂ O ₅ (0.32-8), PbF ₂ (0.24-20), Si (1.1-1.4), Si ₃ N ₄ (0.25-9), SrF ₂ (0.2-10), TlCl (0.4-20), YF ₃ (0.2-14), Y ₂ O ₃ (0.25-9) ), ZnO (0.35-20), ZnS (0.38-14), ZrO ₂ (0.3-8), or the like can be used.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the radiation from the high temperature reaction unit 15 or the low temperature reaction unit 13 is emitted to the outside of the reaction apparatus 10A through the radiation transmission windows 23 and 25. The temperature of the high temperature reaction part 15 and the low temperature reaction part 13 can be appropriately maintained while suppressing the amount of heat transfer from the low temperature reaction part 13 to the heat insulating container 20.

  In the above embodiment, the radiation heat radiation films 13a and 15a are provided in both the low temperature reaction part 13 and the high temperature reaction part 15, but only one of them may be provided. Further, only one of the radiation transmitting windows 23 and 25 facing the radiation heat radiation film provided may be provided. The casing 21 may be formed integrally with the radiation transmitting windows 23 and 25 using a material that transmits infrared radiation.

<Modification 1>
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a reaction apparatus 10B according to a first modification of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a view taken along arrow VII in FIG. In addition, about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment, the same sign is attached | subjected to the last 2 digits, and description is omitted.
The reaction apparatus of this modification is provided with a radiation heat radiation film 14a at the second connecting portion 14 and a radiation transmission window 24 at a portion facing the radiation heat radiation film 14a of the heat insulating container 20, whereby radiation at the high temperature reaction portion 15 is achieved. Radiation heat dissipation is performed at the second connecting portion 14 without performing heat dissipation. In this case, if the heat balance due to the exchange of heat with the reaction heat and the circulating gas in the high temperature reaction section 15 is Q _RA , the heat balance in the low temperature reaction section 13 is Q _RB , and the heat release amount by the radiation heat dissipation film 14a is Q _r1. In the thermal equilibrium state, the following formulas (7) and (8) are established.

From equations (7) and (8), the total heat balance of the low temperature reactor 13 and the high temperature reactor 15 is the sum of Q _r1 and Q _S2 . Also in this modification, similarly to the first embodiment, the heat release amount Q _r1 is appropriately set according to the total heat balance in each reactor 13 and 15 and the heat transfer amount Q _S2 to the insulated container that is suppressed. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the heat transfer amount Q _S2 to the external apparatus while appropriately maintaining the temperatures of the reactors 13 and 15.

Here, when the heat balances Q _RA and Q _RB and the heat transfer amount Q _S2 to the heat insulation container of the reactors of the first embodiment and this modification are the same, the high temperature reaction unit 15 to the second connection unit 14. The heat transfer amount is Q _RA -Q _I in the first embodiment, and Q _RA in the present modification, and the heat transfer amount is larger in the present modification. On the other hand, from Equation (1), if the thermal conductivity is k, the cross-sectional area is S, and the temperature difference is ΔT, the heat transfer length Δx decreases as the heat transfer amount Q _S1 increases. When radiant heat dissipation is not performed in the high temperature reaction unit 15 as in the modification, the pipe length of the second connection unit 14 is shortened compared to the case where radiant heat dissipation is performed in the high temperature reaction unit 15 as in the first embodiment. The reactor main body 11 and the reactor 10B can be downsized.

Further, both the high temperature reaction part 15 and the second connection part 14 may perform radiative heat dissipation. In this case, if the heat balance due to the exchange of heat with the reaction heat and the circulating gas in the high temperature reaction section 15 is Q _RA , the heat balance in the low temperature reaction section 13 is Q _RB , and the heat release amount by the radiation heat dissipation film 14a is Q _r1. In the thermal equilibrium state, the following formulas (9) and (10) are established.

In this case, the amount of heat transfer from the high temperature reaction unit 15 to the second connection unit 14 is Q _RA -Q _I. However, since the second connection unit 14 also radiates and radiates heat, Q _I is smaller than that in the first embodiment. Can be set. Therefore, the amount of heat transfer from the high temperature reaction part 15 to the second connection part 14 can be made larger than in the first embodiment, and the pipe length of the second connection part 14 can be further shortened to react as in the present modification. The apparatus main body 11 and the reaction apparatus 10B can each be reduced in size.

<Modification 2>
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a reaction apparatus 10C according to a second modification of the present invention. In addition, about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment, the same sign is attached | subjected to the last 2 digits, and description is omitted.
In the reaction apparatus of this modification, a radiation heat dissipation film 12a is provided in a portion between the low temperature reaction portion 13 of the first connecting portion 12 and the heat insulation container 20, and a portion of the heat insulation container 20 that faces the radiation heat dissipation film 12a transmits radiation. By providing the window 22, radiant heat is radiated from the first connecting portion 12 without radiating and radiating from the reaction portions 13 and 15. In this case, if the heat balance due to the reaction heat in the high-temperature reaction section 15 and heat exchange with the flowing gas is Q _RA , the heat balance in the low-temperature reaction section 13 is Q _RB , and the heat radiation amount by the radiation heat radiation film 12a is Q _r2. In the thermal equilibrium state, the following formulas (11) and (12) are established.

Here, when the heat balance Q _RA , Q _RB and the heat transfer amount Q _S2 to the heat insulating container of the reactors of the first embodiment and the present modification are the same, from Equations (11) and (12), The heat transfer amount from the low temperature reaction part 13 to the first connecting part 12 is Q _RB −Q _II + Q _S1 in the first embodiment, and Q _RB + Q _S1 in the present modification, and the heat transfer amount is larger in this modification. . Therefore, as in the first modified example described above, in the case of not performing radiant heat dissipation in each of the reaction units 13 and 15 as in the present modified example, in the case of performing radiant heat dissipation in the high temperature reaction unit 15 as in the first embodiment. In comparison, the piping length of the first connecting portion 12 can be shortened, and the reactor main body 11 and the reactor 10C can be reduced in size.

<Modification 3>
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a reaction apparatus 10D according to a third modification of the present invention. In addition, about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment, the same sign is attached | subjected to the last 2 digits, and description is omitted.
In the reaction apparatus of this modification, a radiation heat dissipation film 12a is provided in a portion between the low temperature reaction portion 13 of the first connecting portion 12 and the heat insulation container 20, and a portion of the heat insulation container 20 that faces the radiation heat dissipation film 12a transmits radiation. While providing the window 22, the radiation radiation film 14a is provided in the 2nd connection part 14, and the radiation transmission window 24 is provided in the part facing the radiation radiation film 14a of the heat insulation container 20, The low temperature reaction part 13 and the high temperature reaction part 15 The first connecting part 12 and the second connecting part 14 radiate and radiate heat without performing radiant heat dissipation. In this case, the heat balance due to the exchange of heat with the reaction heat and the circulating gas in the high temperature reaction section 15 is Q _RA , the heat balance in the low temperature reaction section 13 is Q _RB , the heat radiation amount by the radiation heat radiation film 12a is Q _r2 , radiation. When the heat radiation amount by the heat radiation film 14a is Q _r1 , the following formulas (13) and (14) are established in the thermal equilibrium state.

Here, when the heat balance Q _RA , Q _RB and the heat transfer amount Q _S2 to the heat insulating container of the reactors of the first embodiment and the present modification are the same, from Equations (13) and (14), The amount of heat transfer from the high-temperature reaction section 15 to the second connecting section 14 is Q _RA -Q _I in the first embodiment, and Q _RA in the present modification, and the heat transfer is larger in the present modification. Further, the amount of heat transfer from the low-temperature reaction unit 13 to the first connection unit 12 is Q _RB -Q _II in the first embodiment, and Q _RB in the present modification, and the heat transfer amount is larger in the present modification. Accordingly, similarly to the above-described modifications, when the radiation of heat is not performed at the reaction units 13 and 15 as in the present modification, the radiation of heat is performed at the reaction units 13 and 15 as in the first embodiment. Compared with, the piping length of the 1st connection part 12 and the 2nd connection part 14 can be shortened, respectively, and the reactor main body 11 and reactor 10D can be reduced in size, respectively.

In addition, radiation heat radiation may be performed at each of the first connecting part 12, the low temperature reaction part 13, the second connection part 14, and the high temperature reaction part 15. In this case, the heat balance due to transfer of reaction heat in the high temperature reaction section 15 and heat with the flowing gas is Q _RA , the heat balance in the low temperature reaction section 13 is Q _RB , the heat radiation amount by the radiation heat radiation film 14a is Q _r2 , radiation. When the heat radiation amount by the heat radiation film 14a is Q _r1 , the following formulas (15) and (16) are established in the thermal equilibrium state.

In this case, the amount of heat transfer from the high temperature reaction unit 15 to the second connection unit 14 is Q _RA -Q _I. However, since the second connection unit 14 also radiates and radiates heat, Q _I is smaller than that in the first embodiment. Can be set. Although the amount of heat transferred from the low temperature reaction unit 13 to the first connecting portion 12 is Q _RB -Q _II, since the radiation heat dissipation even first connecting portion 12, less sets the Q _II in comparison with the first embodiment can do. Therefore, the amount of heat transfer from the high temperature reaction part 15 to the second connection part 14 and the amount of heat transfer from the low temperature reaction part 13 to the first connection part 12 can be made larger than in the first embodiment, and the same as in the first modification. The piping lengths of the second connecting portion 14 and the first connecting portion 12 can be further shortened, and the reactor main body 11 and the reactor 10D can be reduced in size.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an electronic device 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 100 is a portable electronic device such as a notebook personal computer, a PDA, an electronic notebook, a digital camera, a mobile phone, a wristwatch, or a game device.

  The electronic device 100 is roughly configured by a fuel cell device 130, an electronic device main body 101 driven by electric power supplied from the fuel cell device 130, and the like. The fuel cell device 130 generates electric power and supplies it to the electronic device main body 101 as will be described later.

  Next, the fuel cell device 130 will be described. This fuel cell device 130 generates electric power to be output to the electronic device main body 101, and includes a fuel container 102, a liquid feed pump 103, a reaction device 110, a fuel cell 140, a DC / DC converter 131, and a secondary battery 132. , Etc.

The fuel container 102 stores a liquid mixture of raw liquid fuel (for example, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether) and water. Liquid raw fuel and water may be stored separately in the fuel container 102.
The liquid mixture in the fuel container 102 is sent to the vaporizer 104 of the reaction device 110 by the liquid feed pump 103.

The reactor 110 includes a vaporizer 104, a reformer 105, a carbon monoxide remover 106, a heat exchanger 107, a catalytic combustor 109, and the like.
The vaporizer 104 heats and vaporizes the mixed liquid sent from the fuel container 102 to about 110 to 160 ° C. by heat transfer from a heater / temperature sensor 153 and a reformer 105 described later. The air-fuel mixture vaporized by the vaporizer 104 is sent to the reformer 105.

  The reformer 105 has a flow path formed therein, and a reforming catalyst is supported on the wall surface of the flow path. As the reforming catalyst, a Cu / ZnO-based catalyst, a Pd / ZnO-based catalyst, or the like is used. The reformer 105 heats the air-fuel mixture sent from the vaporizer 104 to about 300 to 400 ° C. by heat transfer from a heater / temperature sensor 155 described later, and causes a reforming reaction to occur with the catalyst in the flow path. That is, a mixed gas (reformed gas) such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide as a fuel, and a minute amount of carbon monoxide as a by-product is generated by a catalytic reaction between raw fuel and water.

Here, when the raw fuel is methanol, the reformer 105 mainly undergoes a steam reforming reaction which is a main reaction as shown in the following chemical reaction formula (17).
CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 3H ₂ + CO ₂ (17)
In addition, a small amount (about 1%) of carbon monoxide is generated as a by-product by a side reaction such as the following chemical reaction formula (18) that occurs sequentially after the chemical reaction formula (17).
H ₂ + CO ₂ → H ₂ O + CO (18)
The product (reformed gas) resulting from the reactions of the chemical reaction formulas (17) and (18) is sent to the carbon monoxide remover 106.

A flow path is formed inside the carbon monoxide remover 106, and a selective oxidation catalyst for selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide is supported on the wall surface of the flow path. As the selective oxidation catalyst, for example, Pt / Al ₂ O ₃ or the like can be used.

The reformed gas generated by the reformer 105 and the external air are sent to the carbon monoxide remover 106. The reformed gas is mixed with air and flows through the flow path of the carbon monoxide remover 106, and is heated to about 110 to 160 ° C. by heat transfer from the reformer 105 and the heater / temperature sensor 155. Carbon monoxide in the reformed gas is preferentially oxidized by the main reaction as shown in the following chemical reaction formula (19) by the catalyst. As a result, carbon dioxide is generated as the main product, and the concentration of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas can be reduced to about 10 ppm at which the fuel cell 140 can be supplied.
2CO + O ₂ → 2CO ₂ (19)
Since the reaction of the chemical reaction formula (19) is an exothermic reaction, it is disposed adjacent to the vaporizer 104 where the endothermic reaction (vaporization of the mixed solution) is performed.
The reformed gas that has passed through the carbon monoxide remover 106 is sent to the fuel cell 140.

  The reformed gas (off-gas) and air that have passed through the fuel supply channel 144a of the fuel cell 140 are sent to the catalytic combustor 109, and the hydrogen remaining in the reformed gas is combusted by the air. The heat exchanger 107 is disposed adjacent to the carbon monoxide remover 106, and in the process of passing offgas and air supplied from the fuel cell 140 to the catalytic combustor 109, offgas is generated by the heat of the carbon monoxide remover 106. And heat the air.

  The fuel cell 140 is a solid polymer fuel cell, and includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 141, a fuel electrode 142 (anode) and an oxygen electrode 143 (cathode) formed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 141, fuel A fuel electrode separator 144 provided with a fuel supply channel 144a for supplying reformed gas to the electrode 142 and an oxygen electrode separator 145 provided with an oxygen supply channel 145a for supplying oxygen to the oxygen electrode 143 are stacked. ing.

The solid polymer electrolyte membrane 141 transmits hydrogen ions, but has a property of not passing oxygen molecules, hydrogen molecules, carbon dioxide, and electrons.
The reformed gas is sent to the fuel electrode 142 via the fuel supply channel 144a. At the fuel electrode 142, the reaction shown in the following electrochemical reaction formula (20) occurs due to hydrogen in the reformed gas.
H ₂ → 2H ⁺ + 2e ⁻ (20)
The generated hydrogen ions permeate the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 141 and reach the oxygen electrode 143. The generated electrons are supplied to the anode output electrode 146.

Air is sent to the oxygen electrode 143 through the oxygen supply channel 145a. In the oxygen electrode 143, water is generated by hydrogen ions that have passed through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 141, oxygen in the air, and electrons supplied from the cathode output electrode 147 as shown in the following electrochemical reaction formula (21). Is done.
2H ⁺ + 1 / 2O ₂ + 2e ⁻ → H ₂ O (21)
A catalyst (not shown) that promotes the reactions of the electrochemical reaction formulas (20) and (21) is provided on both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 141.

  The anode output electrode 146 and the cathode output electrode 147 are connected to a DC / DC converter 131 that is an external circuit, and electrons that have reached the anode output electrode 146 are supplied to the cathode output electrode 147 through the DC / DC converter 131. .

  The DC / DC converter 131 converts the power generated by the fuel battery cell 140 into an appropriate voltage, and then supplies the power to the electronic device main body 101 and charges the secondary battery 132 with the power.

  Next, the structure of the reaction apparatus 110 will be described. 11 is a perspective view of the reactor 110, FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view corresponding to the cutting line XII-XII in FIG. 11, and FIG. 13 is a view taken in the direction of arrow XIII in FIG. The reaction apparatus 110 includes a reaction apparatus main body 111 and a heat insulating container (first container) 120 that accommodates the reaction apparatus main body 111. In addition, about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment, the same sign is attached | subjected to the last 2 digits, and description is omitted. In FIG. 12, only one lead wire 153c, 155c is shown on the high voltage side or the low voltage side. For simplicity, the lead wires 153c and 155c are not overlapped in FIG. 12, but may actually be overlapped when viewed from the lateral direction.

The reaction apparatus main body 111 includes a first connection part 112, a low temperature reaction part 113, a second connection part 114, and a high temperature reaction part 115.
The high temperature reaction section 115 is provided with a reforming flow path 105 a that becomes the reformer 105 and a catalytic combustion flow path 109 a that becomes the catalytic combustor 109. The high temperature reaction unit 115 is provided with an electric heater / temperature sensor 155, and the high temperature reaction unit 115 is maintained at about 300 to 400 ° C. by the electric heater / temperature sensor 155. The electric heater / temperature sensor 155 is connected to a lead wire 155c that penetrates the heat insulating container 120, and power is supplied from the outside of the heat insulating container 120 through the lead wire 155c. The electric heater / temperature sensor 155 is insulated from other members by insulating films 155a and 155b.

  The low-temperature reaction unit 113 is provided with a vaporization flow path 104 a serving as the vaporizer 104, a carbon monoxide removal flow path 106 a serving as the carbon monoxide remover 106, and a heat exchange flow path 107 a serving as the heat exchanger 107. The low-temperature reaction unit 113 is provided with an electric heater / temperature sensor 153, and the low-temperature reaction unit 113 is maintained at about 110 to 160 ° C. by the electric heater / temperature sensor 153. The electric heater / temperature sensor 153 is connected to a lead wire 153c that penetrates the heat insulating container 120, and power is supplied from the outside of the heat insulating container 120 through the lead wire 153c. The electric heater / temperature sensor 153 is insulated from other members by insulating films 153a and 153b.

  The 1st connection part 112 contains piping used as the flow path through which the reaction material and reaction product which react in the high temperature reaction part 115 and the low temperature reaction part 113 flow. The first connecting part 112 is connected to the low temperature reaction part 113 at one end, penetrates the heat insulating container 120 at the other end, and is connected to the liquid feed pump 103, the fuel cell 140, an air pump (not shown), etc. at the other end. . The first connecting part 112 includes a first pipe (outflow pipe) 112b serving as a flow path for sending reactants and products from the low temperature reaction part 113 to the outside of the heat insulation container 120, and a low temperature reaction part from the outside of the heat insulation container 120. 113 is provided with a second pipe (inflow pipe) 112c for sending reactants and products.

  The second connecting part 114 includes a pipe serving as a flow path for a reaction product and a product generated in the high temperature reaction part 115 and the low temperature reaction part 13, and connects the high temperature reaction part 115 and the low temperature reaction part 113. . The second connecting part 114 is connected to the high-temperature reaction part 115 at one end and connected to the low-temperature reaction part 113 at the other end, and flows the reactants and products from the high-temperature reaction part 115 to the low-temperature reaction part 113. A third pipe (outflow pipe) 114b serving as a path and a fourth pipe (inflow pipe) 114c for sending reactants and products from the low temperature reaction section 113 to the high temperature reaction section 115 are provided.

  Here, the first pipe and the second pipe may be integrally formed or joined to each other, and heat exchange may be performed between the first pipe and the second pipe. In this case, for example, by dividing the first pipe into two and arranging each first pipe around the second pipe, heat exchange between the first pipe and the second pipe can be easily performed. . The same applies to the third pipe and the fourth pipe.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, a radiation heat dissipation film 113a is provided in the low temperature reaction portion 113, and a radiation transmission window 123 is provided in a portion of the heat insulating container 120 facing the radiation heat dissipation film 113a. . Since the radiation from the radiation heat radiation film 113a passes through the radiation transmission window 123, a part of the heat generated in the low temperature reaction unit 113 is released to the outside of the heat insulating container 120 by radiation. Therefore, while suppressing the amount of heat conducted from the low temperature reaction part 113 to the heat insulating container 120 through the first connection part 112, preventing the temperature of the low temperature reaction part 113 from rising more than necessary due to heat transfer from the high temperature reaction part 115, The temperature of the low temperature reaction part 113 can be maintained appropriately.

In the structure of this embodiment, the effect is calculated when the temperature of the low temperature reaction unit 113 is 150 ° C., the temperature of the high temperature reaction unit 115 is 400 ° C., the efficiency of the fuel cell 140 is 40%, and the power generation amount is 20 W.
The heat balance of the high temperature reaction unit 115 and the low temperature reaction unit 113 excluding heat conduction by the second connection unit 114 and the first connection unit 112 (total heat of reaction of each chemical reaction and heat exchange of reaction gas) is +2 W and +9 W, respectively. become. When the radiation heat radiation film 113a and the radiation transmission window 123 are not provided, the total amount of heat of 11 W is conducted to the heat insulating container 120. For example, the amount of heat conducted from the first connecting portion 112 can be suppressed to 2 W by radiating and radiating 9 W through the radiation transmitting window 123 by the radiation heat radiation film 113 a. The emissivity of the radiation heat radiation film 113a is 1, a radiation transmitting window 123 if formed by BaF _2, by taking about 50 cm ² surface area of the radiation heat radiation film 113a, it is possible to dissipate 9W.

In addition, the temperature of the low temperature reaction part 113 which has the vaporizer | carburetor 104 is about 150 degreeC, and it is preferable to permeate | transmit the radiation of a wavelength range of 3.0-23 micrometers. In this case, any of the above-described materials can be used as the material for the radiation transmission window 123. In consideration of the transmittance in this wavelength region, in particular, KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, CdSe, CdTe, Ge are preferably used. Further, for example, when heat is released from the high temperature reaction unit 115 having the reformer 105 at about 400 ° C., it is preferable to transmit radiation in the wavelength region of 2.2 to 17 μm. In this case, any of the above-described materials can be used as the material for the radiation transmission window 125. In consideration of the transmittance in this wavelength region, in particular, ZnSe, KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, using NaCl, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF 3, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, GaAs, GaSe, Ge, NaF, PbF 2, TlCl, the YF _3, ZnO It is preferable.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, materials used for the radiation heat radiation film 113a and the radiation transmission window 123 can be appropriately selected according to the heat radiation amount and the temperature of the radiation heat radiation region. Moreover, the area of the radiation heat radiation film | membrane 113a and the radiation transmission window 123 can be changed according to the amount of heat radiation, conversely, if those installation areas have restrictions, according to it, the radiation heat radiation film | membrane 113a and radiation transmission light will be changed. The material used for the window 123 can be changed. In addition, the above-mentioned calculation value is a thing when heat exchange is not performed between the 1st piping and 2nd piping, or 3rd piping and 4th piping, and the emissivity 1 is a full wavelength range. It shows that the integrated emissivity is 1. Moreover, although the wavelength region that is preferably transmitted as described above is a wavelength region in which the normalized radiation intensity is 0.1 or more, not only can the wavelength region be changed as necessary, but also the changed wavelength The material of the radiation transmission window corresponding to the region can be selected.

[Third Embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an electronic apparatus 200 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In addition, about the structure similar to 2nd Embodiment, the same sign is attached | subjected to the last 2 digits, and description is omitted.

In the present embodiment, the reaction device 210 includes a vaporizer 204, a reformer 205, a first heat exchanger 207, a second heat exchanger 208, a catalytic combustor 209, a fuel cell stack 240, and the like.
The vaporizer 204 and the first heat exchanger 207 are integrally provided, the reformer 205 and the second heat exchanger 208 are integrally provided, and the fuel cell stack 240 and the catalytic combustor. 209 is provided integrally.

15 is a perspective view of the reaction device 210, FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view corresponding to the XVI-XVI cutting line of FIG. 15, and FIG. 17 is a view taken along arrow XVII of FIG. The fuel cell stack 240 is formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells 240A, 240B, 240C, and 240D, as shown in FIG. Fuel cell 240A, 240B, 240C, 240D is a molten carbonate type, and a carbon monoxide remover is not used. The integrated fuel cell stack 240 and catalyst combustor 209 are accommodated in an airtight container (second container) 250, and the airtight container 250 is accommodated in a heat insulating container (first container) 220. The airtight container 250 is for preventing gas from flowing between the inside and outside of the space partitioned by the airtight container 250, and the anode output electrode 246, the cathode output electrode 247, the lead wire 257c, and the third connecting portion 216 penetrate therethrough. The part to be sealed is hermetically sealed. Here, each output electrode and the lead wire are insulated from other members by an insulating material (not shown) such as glass or ceramic and are drawn out.
In FIG. 14, only a single fuel battery cell 240A is shown among the plurality of fuel battery cells 240A, 240B, 240C, and 240D, and the alphabet at the end of the reference numerals is omitted. For simplicity, the lead wires 253c, 255c, and 257c are not overlapped in FIG. 16, but may actually overlap when viewed from the lateral direction. In FIG. 16, only one lead wire 253c, 255c, 257c on the high voltage side or low voltage side is shown, and the cathode output electrode 247 is not shown.

Hereinafter, reactions that occur in the single fuel battery cell 240 and the catalytic combustor 209 will be described.
The fuel cell 240 includes an electrolyte 241, a fuel electrode 242 (anode) and an oxygen electrode 243 (cathode) formed on both surfaces of the electrolyte 241, and a fuel supply channel 244a for supplying reformed gas to the fuel electrode 242. The fuel electrode separator 244 and the oxygen electrode separator 245 provided with an oxygen supply channel 245a for supplying oxygen to the oxygen electrode 243 are stacked.

The electrolyte 241 transmits carbonate ions but does not pass oxygen molecules, hydrogen molecules, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and electrons.
The reformed gas is sent to the fuel electrode 242 via the fuel supply channel 244a. In the fuel electrode 242, the reactions shown in the following electrochemical reaction formulas (22) and (23) are caused by hydrogen in the reformed gas, carbon monoxide, and carbonate ions that have passed through the electrolyte 241.
H ₂ + CO ₃ ²⁻ → H ₂ O + CO ₂ + 2e ⁻ (22)
CO + CO ₃ ^2- → 2CO ₂ + 2e ⁻ (23)
The generated electrons are supplied to the anode output electrode 246. A mixed gas (off-gas) composed of generated water, carbon dioxide, unreacted hydrogen, and carbon monoxide is supplied to the catalytic combustor 209.

The catalyst combustor 209 is supplied with a mixture of oxygen (air) heated by the first heat exchanger 207 and the second heat exchanger 208 and off-gas. In the catalytic combustor 209, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are combusted, and the heat of combustion is used to heat the fuel cell stack 240.
The exhaust gas (mixed gas of water, oxygen and carbon dioxide) of the catalyst combustor 209 is supplied to the oxygen electrode 243 via the oxygen supply flow path 245a.

In the oxygen electrode 243, the reaction shown in the following electrochemical reaction formula (24) occurs by oxygen and carbon dioxide supplied from the oxygen supply channel 245a and electrons supplied from the cathode output electrode 247.
2CO ₂ + O ₂ + 4e ⁻ → 2CO ₃ ²⁻ (24)
The generated carbonate ions pass through the electrolyte 241 and are supplied to the fuel electrode 242.

Next, the structure of the reaction apparatus 210 will be described. In addition, about the structure similar to 2nd Embodiment, the same sign is attached | subjected to the last 2 digits, and description is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 16, the reaction apparatus 210 includes a reaction apparatus main body 211 and a heat insulating container 220 that houses the reaction apparatus main body 211. In addition, about the structure similar to 2nd Embodiment, the same sign is attached | subjected to the last 2 digits, and description is omitted.

The reaction device main body 211 includes a high temperature reaction part 217, an intermediate temperature reaction part 215, a low temperature reaction part 213, a first connection part 212, a second connection part 214, and a third connection part 216.
The high temperature reaction section 217 is provided with a fuel cell stack 240 in which fuel cells 240A, 240B, 240C, and 240D are stacked, and a catalytic combustion flow path 209a that serves as a catalytic combustor 209.

  The oxygen electrode separator of the fuel cell 240A, the fuel electrode separator of the fuel cell 240B, the oxygen electrode separator of the fuel cell 240B and the fuel electrode separator of the fuel cell 240C, the oxygen electrode separator of the fuel cell 240C and the fuel cell 240D The fuel electrode separator is an integrated double-sided separator 248. An anode output electrode 246 is connected to the fuel electrode separator 244 of the fuel cell 240A, and a cathode output electrode 247 is connected to the oxygen electrode separator 245 of the fuel cell 240D. The anode output electrode 246 and the cathode output electrode 247 pass through the heat insulating container 220 and output the electric power generated in the fuel cell stack 240 to the outside.

  The high-temperature reaction unit 217 is provided with an electric heater / temperature sensor 257, and the high-temperature reaction unit 217 is maintained at about 600 to 700 ° C. by the electric heater / temperature sensor 257. The electric heater / temperature sensor 257 is connected to a lead wire 257c that penetrates the heat insulating container 220, and power is supplied from the outside of the heat insulating container 220 via the lead wire 257c. The electric heater / temperature sensor 257 is insulated from other members by an insulating film 257a.

The intermediate temperature reaction unit 215 is provided with a reforming channel 205 a that serves as the reformer 205 and a heat exchange channel 208 a that serves as the second heat exchanger 208.
Further, the intermediate temperature reaction unit 215 is provided with an electric heater / temperature sensor 255, and the intermediate temperature reaction unit 215 is maintained at about 300 to 400 ° C. by the electric heater / temperature sensor 255. The electric heater / temperature sensor 255 is connected to a lead wire 255c that penetrates the heat insulating container 220, and power is supplied from the outside of the heat insulating container 220 through the lead wire 255c. The electric heater / temperature sensor 255 is insulated from other members by insulating films 255a and 255b.

  The low-temperature reaction section 213 is provided with a vaporization flow path 204 a serving as the vaporizer 204, a carbon monoxide removal flow path 206 a serving as the carbon monoxide remover 206, and a heat exchange flow path 207 a serving as the heat exchanger 207. The low temperature reaction unit 213 is provided with an electric heater / temperature sensor 253, and the low temperature reaction unit 213 is maintained at about 110 to 160 ° C. by the electric heater / temperature sensor 253. The electric heater / temperature sensor 253 is connected to a lead wire 253c that penetrates the heat insulating container 220, and power is supplied from the outside of the heat insulating container 220 via the lead wire 253c. The electric heater / temperature sensor 253 is insulated from other members by insulating films 253a and 253b.

  The first connecting part 212 includes a pipe that serves as a flow path for a reactant that reacts in the high temperature reaction part 217, the intermediate temperature reaction part 215, and the low temperature reaction part 213 and a product to be generated. The first connection part 212 is connected to the low temperature reaction part 213 at one end, penetrates the heat insulating container 220 at the other end side, and is connected to the liquid feed pump 203, an air pump (not shown), etc. at the other end. The first connecting portion 212 is connected to the first piping (outflow piping) 212b serving as a flow path for sending reactants and products from the low temperature reaction section 213 to the outside of the heat insulation container 220, and from the outside of the heat insulation container 220 to the low temperature reaction section 213. 2nd piping (inflow piping) 212c which sends a reactant and a product. Similarly to the second embodiment, heat exchange may be performed between the first pipe and the second pipe.

  The second connecting part 214 includes a pipe that serves as a flow path for a reaction product and a product that reacts in the high temperature reaction part 217, the intermediate temperature reaction part 215, and the low temperature reaction part 213, and the intermediate temperature reaction part 215, the low temperature reaction part 213, and the like. Connect between. The second connecting part 214 is connected to the intermediate temperature reaction part 215 at one end, and connected to the low temperature reaction part 213 at the other end, and a flow path for sending reactants and products from the intermediate temperature reaction part 215 to the low temperature reaction part 213. A third pipe (outflow pipe) 214b and a fourth pipe (inflow pipe) 214c for sending reactants and products from the low temperature reaction section 213 to the intermediate temperature reaction section 215. Similarly to the second embodiment, heat exchange may be performed between the third pipe and the fourth pipe.

  The third linking unit 216 includes a pipe serving as a flow path for a reaction product and a product to be generated in the high temperature reaction unit 217, the intermediate temperature reaction unit 215, and the low temperature reaction unit 213, and the high temperature reaction unit 217, the intermediate temperature reaction unit 215, and the like. Connect between. The third connecting part 216 is connected to the high temperature reaction part 217 at one end, and connected to the intermediate temperature reaction part 215 at the other end, and a flow path for sending reactants and products from the high temperature reaction part 217 to the intermediate temperature reaction part 215 A fifth pipe (outflow pipe) 216b and a sixth pipe (inflow pipe) 216c for sending reactants and products from the intermediate temperature reaction section 217 to the high temperature reaction section 217. Similarly to the second embodiment, heat exchange may be performed between the fifth pipe and the sixth pipe.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, a radiation heat dissipation film 217 a is provided in the high temperature reaction part 217, and a radiation transmission window 227 is provided in a portion of the heat insulating container 220 facing the radiation heat dissipation film 217 a. . Since radiation from the radiation heat radiation film 217a passes through the radiation transmission window 227, a part of the heat generated in the high temperature reaction part 217 is released to the outside of the heat insulating container 220 by radiation. Accordingly, the amount of heat conducted from the high temperature reaction unit 217 to the intermediate temperature reaction unit 215 via the third connection unit 216 is suppressed, and the temperature of the high temperature reaction unit 217 is prevented from being increased more than necessary due to the amount of heat generated in the high temperature reaction unit 217. The temperature of the high temperature reaction part 217 can be maintained appropriately.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the catalytic combustor 209 is disposed in the vicinity of the airtight container 250 or is contacted or joined so that heat generated in the fuel cell stack 240 and the catalyst combustor 209 is conducted to the airtight container 250. It's easy to do. The radiation heat dissipation film 217 a is provided in a portion corresponding to the catalytic combustor 209 in the airtight container 250. With these configurations, heat generated in the fuel cell stack 240 and the catalyst combustor 209 is easily conducted to the radiation heat radiation film 217a in the airtight container 250, and as a result, is insulated from the fuel cell stack 240 and the catalyst combustor 209. The amount of heat radiated and radiated to the outside of the container 220 can be increased.

Regarding the structure of this embodiment, the temperature of the low temperature reaction part 213 is 150 ° C., the temperature of the intermediate temperature reaction part 215 is 400 ° C., the temperature of the high temperature reaction part 217 is 650 ° C., and the efficiency of the fuel cell stack 240 is 50%. The effect when the amount is 20 W is calculated.
Heat balance of the high temperature reaction unit 217, the intermediate temperature reaction unit 215, and the low temperature reaction unit 213 excluding heat conduction by the third connection unit 216, the second connection unit 214, and the first connection unit 212 (reaction heat of each chemical reaction, reaction gas The total heat exchange is +21 W, +0.5 W, and -2.5 W, respectively. When the radiation heat dissipation film 217a is not provided, the total amount of heat of 19 W is conducted to the heat insulating container 220. For example, by radiating 17.5 W from the radiation heat radiation film 217 a through the radiation transmission window 227, the amount of heat conducted from the first connecting portion 212 can be suppressed to 2 W. The emissivity of the radiation heat radiation film 217a is 1, a radiation transmitting window 123 if formed by BaF _2, by taking about 4.25 cm ² surface area of the radiation heat radiation film 217a, it is possible to dissipate 7.5 W.

For example, when the temperature of the high temperature reaction part 217 having the molten carbonate fuel cell stack 240 is about 600 ° C., it is preferable to transmit radiation in the wavelength region of 1.4 to 11 μm. In this case, as the material of the radiation transmitting window 227, if it is possible to use any of the materials mentioned above, considering the transmittance in this wavelength region, in _{particular, CaF 2, BaF 2, ZnSe} , KRS-5, KRS- _{6, CsI, KBr, AlF 3} , NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF 3, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF 3, CeO 2, DyF 2 GaAs, GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , HfO ₂ , La ₂ O ₃ , NaF, PbF ₂ , Si, TlCl, YF ₃ , ZnO, ZnS are preferably used. For example, when heat is also radiated from the intermediate temperature reaction section 215 having the reformer 205 at about 400 ° C., it is preferable to transmit radiation in the wavelength region of 2.2 to 17 μm. In this case, as the material of the radiation transmission window 225, any of the above-described materials can be used. However, in consideration of the transmittance in this wavelength region, in particular, ZnSe, KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, using NaCl, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF 3, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, GaAs, GaSe, Ge, NaF, PbF 2, TlCl, the YF _3, ZnO It is preferable.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, materials used for the radiation heat radiation film 217a and the radiation transmission window 227 can be appropriately selected according to the heat radiation amount and the temperature of the radiation heat radiation region. Further, the areas of the radiation heat radiation film 217a and the radiation transmission window 227 can be changed according to the heat radiation amount. Conversely, if the installation area is limited, the radiation heat radiation film 217a and the radiation transmission window are accordingly changed. The material used for the window 227 can be changed. The above calculated values are for the case where heat exchange is not performed between the first pipe and the second pipe, the third pipe and the fourth pipe, or the fifth pipe and the sixth pipe. 1 indicates that the radiation rate integrated in the entire wavelength region is 1. Moreover, although the wavelength region that is preferably transmitted as described above is a wavelength region in which the normalized radiation intensity is 0.1 or more, not only can the wavelength region be changed as necessary, but also the changed wavelength The material of the radiation transmission window corresponding to the region can be selected.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an electronic apparatus 300 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 19 is a perspective view of the reaction device 310, FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view corresponding to the XX-XX cutting line of FIG. 19, and FIG. 21 is a view taken along arrow XXI of FIG. Hereinafter, differences of the third embodiment from the third embodiment will be described, and the same configurations as those of the third embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals in the last two digits and description thereof will be omitted.

The fuel cell stack 340 is a solid oxide type, and is formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells 340A, 340B, 340C, and 340D. Similar to the third embodiment, a carbon monoxide remover is not used in the reactor 310. The integrated fuel cell stack 340 and the catalytic combustor 309 are accommodated in an airtight container 350, and the airtight container (second container) 350 is accommodated in a heat insulating container (first container) 320. The airtight container 250 is for preventing gas from flowing between the inside and the outside of the space partitioned by the airtight container 350, and the anode output electrode 346, the cathode output electrode 347, the lead wire 357c, and the third connecting portion 316 penetrate therethrough. The part to be sealed is hermetically sealed. Here, each output electrode and the lead wire are insulated from other members by an insulating material (not shown) such as glass or ceramic and are drawn out.
In FIG. 18, only a single fuel battery cell 340A is shown among the plurality of fuel battery cells 340A, 340B, 340C, and 340D, and the alphabet at the end of the reference numerals is omitted.

Hereinafter, reactions that occur in the single fuel battery cell 340 and the catalytic combustor 309 will be described.
The fuel cell 340 includes an electrolyte 341, a fuel electrode 342 (anode) and an oxygen electrode 343 (cathode) formed on both surfaces of the electrolyte 341, and a fuel supply channel 344 a for supplying reformed gas to the fuel electrode 342. The fuel electrode separator 344 and the oxygen electrode separator 345 provided with an oxygen supply channel 345a for supplying oxygen to the oxygen electrode 343 are stacked.

The electrolyte 341 transmits oxygen ions but does not pass oxygen molecules, hydrogen molecules, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and electrons.
The reformed gas is sent to the fuel electrode 342 via the fuel supply channel 344a. In the fuel electrode 342, the reactions shown in the following electrochemical reaction formulas (25) and (26) are caused by hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and oxygen ions that have passed through the electrolyte 341 in the reformed gas.
H ₂ + O ²⁻ → H ₂ O + 2e ⁻ (25)
CO + O ²⁻ → CO ₂ + 2e ⁻ (26)
The generated electrons are supplied to the anode output electrode 346. Unreacted reformed gas (off-gas) is supplied to the catalytic combustor 309.

Oxygen (air) heated by the first heat exchanger 307 and the second heat exchanger 308 is supplied to the oxygen electrode 343 via the oxygen supply channel 345a. In the oxygen electrode 343, the reaction shown in the following electrochemical reaction formula (27) occurs by oxygen and electrons supplied from the cathode output electrode 347.
1 / 2O ₂ + 2e ⁻ → O ²⁻ (27)
The generated oxygen ions pass through the electrolyte 341 and are supplied to the fuel electrode 342. Unreacted oxygen (air) is supplied to the catalytic combustor 309.

In the catalytic combustor 309, the off gas that has passed through the fuel supply channel 344a and the oxygen (air) that has passed through the oxygen supply channel 345a are mixed, and hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the off gas are combusted. The combustion heat is used to heat the fuel cell stack 340.
The exhaust gas (mixed gas of water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) of the catalytic combustor 309 is discharged after releasing heat in the second heat exchanger 308 and the first heat exchanger 307.

  In this embodiment, the high temperature reaction part 317 in which the fuel cell stack 340 and the catalyst combustor 309 are integrated is maintained at about 700 to 1000 ° C. by the electric heater / temperature sensor 357 and the catalyst combustor 309.

  As shown in FIG. 20, in the reaction device 310, a radiation heat dissipation film 317 a is provided in the high temperature reaction section 317, and a radiation transmission window 327 is provided in a portion of the heat insulating container 320 facing the radiation heat dissipation film 317 a. . Since the radiation from the radiation heat radiation film 317a passes through the radiation transmission window 327, a part of the heat generated in the high temperature reaction part 317 is released to the outside of the heat insulating container 320 by radiation. Accordingly, the amount of heat conducted from the high temperature reaction unit 317 to the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 via the third connection unit 316 is suppressed, and the temperature of the high temperature reaction unit 317 is prevented from rising more than necessary due to the amount of heat generated in the high temperature reaction unit 317. The temperature of the high temperature reaction part 317 can be maintained appropriately.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, a radiation heat radiation film 315a is provided in the intermediate temperature reaction section 315, and a radiation transmission window 325 is provided in a portion of the heat insulating container 320 facing the radiation heat radiation film 315a. ing. Since the radiation from the radiation heat radiation film 315a passes through the radiation transmission window 325, a part of the heat generated in the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 is released to the outside of the heat insulating container 320 by radiation. Therefore, the amount of heat conducted from the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 to the low temperature reaction unit 313 via the second connection unit 314 is suppressed, and the amount of heat conducted from the third connection unit 316 increases the temperature of the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 more than necessary. Thus, the temperature of the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 can be properly maintained.

  Furthermore, also in this embodiment, the catalytic combustor 309 is disposed near or in contact with or joined to the airtight container 350, and heat generated in the fuel cell stack 340 and the catalytic combustor 309 is conducted to the airtight container 350. It's easy to do. The radiation heat dissipation film 317 a is provided in a portion corresponding to the catalytic combustor 309 in the airtight container 350. With these configurations, heat generated in the fuel cell stack 340 and the catalyst combustor 309 is easily conducted to the radiation heat radiation film 317a in the airtight container 350, and as a result, is insulated from the fuel cell stack 340 and the catalyst combustor 309. The amount of heat radiated and radiated to the outside of the container 320 can be increased.

  Here, when starting the fuel cell apparatus 330, the high temperature reaction part 317 is raised to the operating temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell, such as about 700 to 1000 ° C., by the heater and temperature sensor 357. In the present embodiment, radiation heat is dissipated on the surface opposite to the side where the heater / temperature sensor 357 is provided in the high temperature reaction section 317, so the surface on the heated side in the high temperature reaction section 317 is not easily cooled, and the high temperature reaction section 317 is not cooled. Can be efficiently performed.

Regarding the structure of this embodiment, the temperature of the low temperature reaction unit 313 is 150 ° C., the temperature of the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 is 400 ° C., the temperature of the high temperature reaction unit 317 is 800 ° C., and the efficiency of the fuel cell stack 340 is 60%. The effect when the amount is 20 W is calculated.
Heat balance of the high temperature reaction unit 317, the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315, and the low temperature reaction unit 313 excluding heat conduction by the third connection unit 316, the second connection unit 314, and the first connection unit 312 (reaction heat of each chemical reaction, reaction gas The total heat exchange is +10 W, +3 W, and +0 W, respectively. When the radiation heat radiation films 312 a and 316 a are not provided, the total amount of heat of 13 W is conducted to the heat insulating container 320. For example, the amount of heat conducted from the first connecting portion 312 can be suppressed to 2 W by radiating 8 W and 3 W through the radiation radiating films 315 a and 317 a via the radiation transmission windows 325 and 327. Radiation radiation film 315a, the emissivity of the 317a as a 1, if the radiation transmitting window 123 is formed by BaF _2, radiation heat dissipation film 315a, about 1.3 cm ^2, respectively the surface area of 317a, by taking 2.6 cm ^2, 8W , 3W can be dissipated.

The temperature of the high-temperature reaction section 317 having the solid oxide fuel cell stack 340 is about 800 ° C., and preferably transmits radiation in the wavelength region of 1.1 to 9 μm. In this case, as the material of the radiation transmitting window 327, may be used any of the above materials, in consideration of the transmittance in this wavelength region, in _{particular, CaF 2, BaF 2, ZnSe} , MgF 2, KRS-5 , KRS-6, CsI, KBr , AlF 3, NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF 3, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF 3, CeO 2 , DyF ₂ , GaAs, GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , HfO ₂ , La ₂ O ₃ , MgO, NaF, PbF ₂ , Si, Si ₃ N ₄ , SrF ₂ , TlCl, YF ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, It is preferable to use ZnS. For example, when heat is also radiated from the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 having the reformer 305 at about 400 ° C., it is preferable to transmit radiation in the wavelength region of 2.2 to 17 μm. In this case, any of the above-described materials can be used as the material for the radiation transmission window 325. In consideration of the transmittance in this wavelength region, in particular, ZnSe, KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, using NaCl, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF 3, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, GaAs, GaSe, Ge, NaF, PbF 2, TlCl, the YF _3, ZnO It is preferable.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, materials used for the radiation heat radiation films 315a and 317a and the radiation transmission windows 325 and 327 can be appropriately selected according to the heat radiation amount and the radiation heat radiation region temperature. Further, the areas of the radiation heat radiation films 315a and 317a and the radiation transmission windows 325 and 327 can be changed according to the heat radiation amount. Conversely, if the installation area is limited, the radiation heat radiation films are accordingly changed. The materials used for 315a and 317a and the radiation transmitting windows 325 and 327 can be changed. The above calculated values are for the case where heat exchange is not performed between the first pipe and the second pipe, the third pipe and the fourth pipe, or the fifth pipe and the sixth pipe. 1 indicates that the radiation rate integrated in the entire wavelength region is 1. Moreover, although the wavelength region that is preferably transmitted as described above is a wavelength region in which the normalized radiation intensity is 0.1 or more, not only can the wavelength region be changed as necessary, but also the changed wavelength The material of the radiation transmission window corresponding to the region can be selected.

  In the above embodiment, the radiation heat radiation films 315a and 317a are provided in both the intermediate temperature reaction portion 315 and the high temperature reaction portion 317, but only one of them may be provided. In this case, only one of the radiation transmitting windows 325 and 327 may be provided so as to face the provided radiation heat dissipation film.

<Modification 4>
FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 20, showing the configuration of the reaction apparatus 310A according to the fourth modification of the present invention. About the structure similar to 4th Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is omitted. In this modification, radiation heat radiation films 315a and 317a are provided on the upper surfaces of the intermediate temperature reaction section 315 and the high temperature reaction section 317, respectively, and the radiation transmission windows 325 and 327 are disposed at positions facing the radiation heat radiation films 315a and 317a in the heat insulating container 320. Are provided. Therefore, in this modification, radiation heat radiation is performed on the surfaces of the medium temperature reaction unit 315 and the high temperature reaction unit 317 provided with the heater / temperature sensors 355 and 357, respectively.

  When the heat generation amount in the high temperature reaction section 317 is larger than the heat generation amount in the catalytic combustor 309a, the temperature of the high temperature reaction section 317 on which the catalyst combustor 309a is provided is relatively low. Therefore, as in this modification, by performing radiation heat radiation on the surface of the high temperature reaction section 317 opposite to the side where the catalytic combustor 309a is provided, the temperature distribution in the high temperature reaction section 317 is made more uniform. Can be.

<Modification 5>
FIG. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 20, showing the configuration of the reaction apparatus 310B according to the fifth modification of the present invention. About the structure similar to 4th Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is omitted. In this modification, heater and temperature sensors 355 and 357 are provided on the lower surfaces of the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 and the high temperature reaction unit 317, respectively, and radiation heat dissipation films 315a and 317a are provided on the upper surfaces of the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 and the high temperature reaction unit 317, respectively. Radiation transmission windows 325 and 327 are provided at positions of the heat insulating container 320 facing the radiation heat radiation films 315a and 317a, respectively. Therefore, in this modification, radiation heat radiation is performed on the surface opposite to the side where the heater / temperature sensors 355 and 357 are provided in the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 and the high temperature reaction unit 317, respectively.

  Here, the fuel cell device 330 can be started in the following procedure. That is, the heater / temperature sensor 355 increases the temperature of the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 to a temperature at which the reformed gas is generated, such as about 300 to 400 ° C., and the heater / temperature sensor 357, for example, 100 ° C. The temperature of the catalytic combustor 309a is increased to a temperature at which hydrogen in the reformed gas is combusted, and then hydrogen is combusted in the catalytic combustor 309a, whereby the high temperature reaction unit 317 is set to about 700 to 1000 ° C. The temperature is raised to the operating temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell.

  In this modification, the heater / temperature sensor 357 is provided near the catalyst combustor 309a and radiates and radiates heat on the surface opposite to the heated side in the high temperature reaction unit 317. Is efficiently transmitted to the catalytic combustor 309a, and the surface to be heated in the high temperature reaction section 317 is hardly cooled, and the high temperature reaction section 317 can be efficiently heated. Also in this modification, the fuel electrode separator 344 may be disposed in the vicinity of the hermetic container 350 or may be brought into contact via an insulating film. In this case, as in the above-described embodiments, heat generated in the fuel cell stack 340 is easily conducted to the airtight container 350, and the amount of heat radiated and radiated from the fuel cell stack 340 to the outside of the heat insulating container 320 is increased. Can do.

  FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing an example of an electronic apparatus 300 according to this embodiment. Note that the electronic device 300 illustrated in FIG. 24 is a laptop personal computer. As shown in FIG. 24, the reaction device 310 is attached to the back side of the electronic device 300, and the radiation transmission windows 325 and 327 are provided along the outer peripheral surface of the electronic device 300. For this reason, the radiation radiated from the radiation heat radiation films 315a and 315a is transmitted to the outside through the radiation transmission windows 325 and 327, and the heat transfer to the electronic device main body 301 is suppressed, so that the temperature rise can be suppressed. In this case, since it is only necessary to suppress heat transfer to the electronic device main body 301, the radiation transmitting windows 325 and 327 are not necessarily arranged on the outermost surface of the electronic device 300, and are provided at positions that are recessed or protruded from the outermost surface. May be. Moreover, since the radiation transmission windows 325 and 327 are provided in the rearward direction, it is possible to suppress the emitted radiation from being emitted toward the user who is using the electronic device 300.

[Fifth Embodiment]
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 20 of the reaction apparatus 310C according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 26 is a view taken along the line XIX in FIG. Since it is similar to FIG. 20, a perspective view is omitted. In addition, about the structure similar to 4th Embodiment, the same sign is attached | subjected to the last two digits, and description is omitted.
As shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, a radiation radiating film 316 a may be provided in the third connecting portion 316, and a radiation transmission window 326 may be provided in a portion of the heat insulating container 320 facing the radiation radiating film 316 a. A part of the amount of heat conducted from the high temperature reaction part 317 to the third connection part 316 is radiated from the radiation heat radiation film 316a and released from the radiation transmission window 326 to the outside of the heat insulating container 320, so that the high temperature via the intermediate temperature reaction part 315 The temperature of the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 can be appropriately maintained while suppressing the amount of heat transfer from the reaction unit 317 to the heat insulating container 320.

As a specific example, there is a heat transfer of 5 W from the high temperature reaction unit 317 to the third connection unit connected to the medium temperature reaction unit 315, and when the temperature is 800 ° C., the third connection unit 316 to the medium temperature reaction unit 315 The length of the third connection part 316 when the temperature of the intermediate temperature reaction part 315 is maintained at 400 ° C. while suppressing the amount of heat transfer (Q _S1 ) to 2 W will be described. Here, when the radiation / radiation film 316a is provided in the third connecting portion 316, the heat radiation amount (Q _Sr ) by the radiation / heat radiation film 316a is 3 W, and the following formula (28) is established.

As examples and comparative examples, the pipe lengths necessary for the third connecting portion 316 were calculated for the following examples.
[Example 1]
A radiation heat radiation film 316a and a radiation transmission window 326 are provided in a portion of the third coupling portion 316 that is closer to the intermediate temperature reaction portion 315 and lower in temperature to radiate and radiate heat. FIG. 27 is a bottom view of the reaction apparatus 310D according to the first embodiment. Since it is the same as that of FIG. 25, the schematic cross section of reactor 310D was omitted.
[Example 2]
A radiation heat radiation film 316a and a radiation transmission window 326 are provided in a portion of the third connection portion 316 that is closer to the high temperature reaction portion 317 and has a higher temperature to radiate and radiate heat. FIG. 28 is a bottom view of the reaction apparatus 310E according to the second embodiment. Since it is the same as that of FIG. 25, the schematic cross section of the reactor 310E is omitted.
[Comparative Example 1]
The high temperature reaction portion 317 is provided with a radiation heat radiation film 317a and a radiation transmission window 327 to radiate and radiate heat.
[Comparative Example 2]
Do not radiate heat. That is, Q _Sr = 0 W, and 5 W of heat is directly conducted to the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315.
The third connecting portion 316 is made of Inconel, a heat-resistant material, and three square tubes having a width of 3 mm, a height of 3 mm, and a thickness of 0.25 mm are used.

  FIG. 29 shows the result of calculating the relationship between the temperature and the temperature from the high temperature reaction part 317 of the third connecting part 316 in the first example, the second example, the first comparative example, and the second comparative example described above. It is a graph. Table 1 shows similar results.

In the first embodiment, a region of 15.5 mm from the end (second end) connected to the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 in the third coupling unit 316 (the temperature range corresponds to a region of 400 ° C to 725 ° C). ), It was possible to suppress the heat transfer amount Q _S1 to the intermediate temperature reaction part 315 to 2 W by setting the heat release amount Q _Sr to 3 W.
In the second embodiment, a region of 7.8 mm from the end (first end) connected to the high temperature reaction unit 317 in the third coupling unit 316 (the temperature range corresponds to a region of 647 ° C. to 800 ° C.). Radiates and radiates heat. The above conditions could be satisfied by radiating and radiating heat in these regions.

From the above, it is possible to shorten the third connecting portion 316 by radiating and radiating heat at the third connecting portion 316, compared to the case where the same amount of heat is radiated and radiated only by the high temperature reaction portion 317, and thus the reactor 310C can be made smaller. Can be
Further, from Equation (4), the amount of radiant energy per unit area of the radiation transmission window increases in proportion to the fourth power of the temperature. Accordingly, when a predetermined amount of energy, such as 3 W, is radiated and radiated, for example, as in the second embodiment, a radiation radiating film 316 a is provided in a region of the reactor body where the temperature is higher and the radiation transmission window 326 is interposed. The area of the radiation transmitting window 326 can be made smaller when radiating and radiating heat than when radiating and radiating heat from a lower temperature region as in the first embodiment. Furthermore, it is easy to obtain a material for the radiation heat radiation window 326 that transmits radiation efficiently in a wavelength region corresponding to the temperature range and has a high radiation transmittance.

On the other hand, when the radiation / heat radiation film 316a and the radiation transmission window 326 are provided in the region where the temperature is lower in the third connection part 316 to radiate and radiate heat, the entire length of the third connection part 316 can be shortened. In addition, as described above, when a predetermined amount of energy such as 3 W is radiated and radiated, the area of the radiated and radiated area becomes large and the radiation is dispersed without being concentrated. Safety for a user who is using the device can be improved.
When radiation radiation is not performed, the length of the third connecting portion 316 can be shortened to the shortest. However, since 5 W of heat is conducted to the intermediate temperature reaction portion 315, radiation radiation must be performed in another region. .

<Modification 6>
As shown in FIG. 30, a radiation radiating film 314 a may be provided on the second connecting portion 314, and a radiation transmission window 324 may be provided on a portion of the heat insulating container 320 facing the radiation radiating film 314 a. Part of the amount of heat conducted from the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 to the second connection unit 314 is radiated from the radiation heat radiation film 314a and released from the radiation transmission window 324 to the outside of the heat insulating container 320. While suppressing the amount of heat transfer from the reaction unit 315 and the high temperature reaction unit 317 to the heat insulating container 320, the temperature of the low temperature reaction unit 313 can be appropriately maintained.
Also in this modified example, the radiation of heat radiated by the second connecting portion 314 can shorten the second connecting portion 314 compared to the case of radiating and radiating only the intermediate temperature reaction portion 315 and not radiating and radiating heat by the second connecting portion 314. it can. In addition, in the case where radiation is radiated and radiated by the second connecting portion 314, the second linking portion 314 is provided with the radiation and heat radiating film 314a and the radiation transmitting window 324 in a lower temperature region in the second linking portion 314. Can be made shorter. In either case, the reactor 310F can be downsized. In addition, as in the fifth embodiment, the area of the radiation transmission window 324 can be reduced by providing the radiation heat radiation film 314a and the radiation transmission window 324 in a region where the temperature is higher in the second connecting portion 314 to radiate and radiate heat. it can.

<Modification 7>
As shown in FIG. 31, a radiation heat dissipation film 312 a may be provided in the first connecting portion 312, and a radiation transmission window 322 may be provided in a portion of the heat insulating container 320 facing the radiation heat dissipation film 312 a. A part of the heat conducted from the low temperature reaction part 313 to the first connection part 312 is radiated from the radiation heat radiating film 312a and released from the radiation transmission window 322 to the outside of the heat insulating container 320. Therefore, the low temperature reaction part 313, the medium temperature reaction part The temperature of the low temperature reaction part 313, the medium temperature reaction part 315, and the high temperature reaction part 317 can be appropriately maintained while suppressing the amount of heat transfer from the heat insulation container 315 and the high temperature reaction part 317.
Also in this modification, the first connecting portion 312 can be shortened by radiating and radiating heat at the first connecting portion 312 than when the first connecting portion 312 does not radiate and radiate heat only at the low temperature reaction portion 313. it can. In addition, in the case where radiation is radiated and radiated by the first connecting portion 312, the first linking portion 312 is more radiated and radiated by providing the radiation and heat radiating film 312 a and the radiation transmitting window 322 in a region where the temperature is lower in the first linking portion 312. Can be made shorter. In either case, the reactor 310G can be further downsized. Further, as in the fifth embodiment and the sixth modification, the area of the radiation transmission window 322 is more radiated and radiated by providing the radiation heat radiation film 312a and the radiation transmission window 322 in the region where the temperature is higher in the first connecting portion 312. Can be reduced.

[Sixth Embodiment]
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 20 of the reaction apparatus 310H according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 33 is a view taken along arrow XXIV in FIG. Since the perspective view is the same as FIG. 20, it is omitted.
As shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a are provided on the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347, and the radiation transmitting windows 366 and 367 are provided at portions of the heat insulating container 320 facing the radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a. May be provided.

As a specific example, when the third connecting part that connects the high temperature reaction part 317 and the intermediate temperature reaction part 315 has a heat transfer of 5 W from the high temperature reaction part 317 and the temperature of the high temperature reaction part 317 is 800 ° C. In the case where the heat transfer amount (Q _S1 ) conducted from the high temperature reaction section 317 to the heat insulation container 320 through the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 is suppressed to 0.5 W, and the temperature of the heat insulation container 320 is maintained at 50 ° C. The lengths of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 will be described. Here, when the radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a are provided on the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347, the heat radiation amount (Q _Sr ) by the radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a is 4.5 W, and the above formula (28 ) Holds.

As examples and comparative examples, the pipe lengths necessary for the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 were calculated for the following examples. Here, both the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 have the same shape.
[Example 3]
Radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a and radiation transmission windows 366 and 367 are provided at portions of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 that are cooler (50 ° C. to 645 ° C.) to radiate and radiate heat. FIG. 34 is a bottom view of the reaction apparatus 310I according to the third embodiment. Since it is the same as that of FIG. 32, the schematic cross-sectional view of the reactor 310I is omitted.
[Example 4]
Radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a and radiation transmission windows 366 and 367 are provided in the intermediate temperature region (300 ° C. to 655 ° C.) of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 to radiate and radiate heat.
[Example 5]
Radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a and radiation transmission windows 366 and 367 are provided on the higher temperature portion (707 ° C. to 800 ° C.) of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 to radiate and radiate heat. FIG. 35 is a bottom view of the reaction apparatus 310J according to the fifth embodiment. Since it is the same as that of FIG. 32, the schematic sectional drawing of the reaction apparatus 310J was omitted.
[Comparative Example 3]
A radiation heat radiation film 317a and a radiation transmission window 367 are provided in the high temperature reaction part 317 to radiate and radiate heat. In this case, it was calculated that Q _Sr = 4.5 W was radiated and radiated in the high temperature reaction part.
[Comparative Example 4]
Do not radiate heat. In this case, the calculation was performed assuming that Q _S1 = 5 W.

  FIG. 36 is a result of calculating the relationship between the length and temperature of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 from the high temperature reaction part 317 in the third to fifth examples, the third comparative example, and the fourth comparative example described above. It is a graph which shows. Table 2 shows similar results.

  In the third embodiment described above, a portion of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 that is 50 ° C. to 645 ° C. (a length of 51 mm from the end portion (second end portion) connected to the heat insulating container 320). By radiating and radiating the heat, it was possible to satisfy the above conditions of temperature and heat quantity.

  In the fourth embodiment described above, the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 have a portion at 300 ° C. to 655 ° C. (the end connected to the heat insulating container 320 and the end connected to the high temperature reaction unit 317 (first By radiating and radiating heat at 23.65 mm) between one end portion), the above-mentioned temperature and heat quantity conditions could be satisfied.

  In the fifth embodiment described above, the heat is radiated and radiated in the portion of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 that reaches 707 ° C. to 800 ° C. (length of 5.9 mm from the end connected to the high temperature reaction portion 317). As a result, the above-mentioned conditions of temperature and heat quantity could be satisfied.

  In the above-described third comparative example, since the heat transfer amount is 0.5 W over the entire length of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347, Δx is 191.2 mm from Equation (1).

  In the above-described fourth comparative example, since the heat transfer amount is 5 W over the entire length of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347, Δx is 19.15 mm from Equation (1).

The above results will be described below. From Equation (1), when heat is conducted through an object, the temperature difference per unit length of the object is proportional to the amount of heat transfer.
As in the case of the fourth comparative example, when radiation heat radiation is not performed, since the heat transfer amount at the electrode is as large as 5 W, the length of each electrode can be shortened, but radiation heat radiation must be performed in another region. There is. Further, as in the third comparative example, when the heat amount of 4.5 W is radiated and radiated at the high temperature reaction part 317, the heat transfer amount at the electrode is as small as 0.5 W, so the length of each electrode becomes long. .

When radiating and radiating 4.5 W from the electrode portion as in the third to fifth embodiments, the heat transfer amount is 5 W at the end connected to the high temperature reaction unit 317 and becomes 800 ° C., and is connected to the heat insulating container 320. The heat transfer amount is 0.5 W at the end where the temperature reaches 50 ° C.
In the third example, the heat is radiated and radiated in a continuous region including the second end portion connected to the heat insulating container 320 having a lower temperature among the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347. In this case, a heat amount of 4.5 W could be radiated in a region 51 mm from the second end, and the temperature of each electrode was 645 ° C. at a position 51 mm from the second end. And the heat transfer amount of the portion closer to the second end connected to the high temperature reaction part 317 than this position is 5 W, and the temperature was lowered from 800 ° C. to 645 ° C. with this heat transfer amount. ) Required a length of Δx = 5.1 mm.

  In the fifth example, the heat was radiated and radiated in a continuous region including the first end connected to the higher temperature reaction portion 317 of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347. In this case, a heat amount of 4.5 W could be radiated in a region 5.9 mm from the first end, and the temperature of each electrode was 707 ° C. at a position 5.9 mm from the first end. And the heat transfer amount of the part nearer to the second end connected to the heat insulating container 320 than this position is 0.5 W, and the temperature was lowered from 707 ° C. to 50 ° C. with this heat transfer amount. From 1), a length of Δx = 160 mm is required.

In the fourth example, radiation was radiated and radiated in a continuous region of the temperature range of 300 to 655 ° C., which is an intermediate temperature range, among the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347. Therefore, radiation is not radiated at the first end at 800 ° C. or the second end at 50 ° C. In this case, at a position 23.65 mm from the position where the temperature was 655 ° C., 4.5 W of radiation was released and the temperature of each electrode was 300 ° C. The heat transfer amount in a continuous region including the first end portion of each electrode higher than 655 ° C. is 5 W, and the temperature is lowered from 800 ° C. to 655 ° C. with this heat transfer amount. From 1), a length of Δx ₁ = 4.75 mm is required. Moreover, the heat transfer amount in the continuous area | region including the 2nd edge part which becomes low temperature from 300 degreeC among each electrode is 0.5 W, and temperature will be lowered | hung from 655 degreeC to 50 degreeC with this heat transfer amount. Therefore, from the formula (1), a length of Δx ₂ = 48.4 mm is required. Thus, the total length was 76.0 mm, which is the sum of Δx ₁ , Δx ₂ and the length of radiation and radiation.

From the above, it is possible to make the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 shorter when the heat is radiated and radiated at the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 than when the same amount of heat is radiated and radiated only at the high temperature reaction part 317. As a result, the reactor 310H can be further downsized.
Similarly to the fifth embodiment, when a predetermined amount of energy such as 3 W is radiated and radiated, as in the fifth embodiment, the radiant heat radiating film is formed in regions where the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 are at higher temperatures. Radiating and radiating heat by providing 346a and 347a and radiation transmissive windows 366 and 367 reduce the area of the radiation transmissive windows 366 and 367 as compared to radiating and radiating from a lower temperature region as in the third embodiment. be able to. Thereby, the reactor 310H can be easily downsized. Furthermore, it is easy to obtain materials for the radiation heat radiation windows 366 and 367 that transmit radiation efficiently in a wavelength region corresponding to the temperature range and have high radiation transmittance.

  On the other hand, if radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a and radiation transmission windows 366 and 367 are provided in regions where the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 are at a lower temperature to radiate and radiate heat, the total length of the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 is increased. Can be shorter. Further, as described above, when a predetermined amount of energy such as 3 W is radiated and radiated, the area of the radiated and radiated area becomes large and the radiation is dispersed without being concentrated. Safety for a user who is using the device can be improved.

When radiating and radiating heat from the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 as in this embodiment, there are the following advantages.
First, a part of the amount of heat conducted from the high temperature reaction section 317 to the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 is radiated from the radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a and is released to the outside of the heat insulating container 320 from the radiation transmission windows 366 and 367. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately maintain the temperatures of the high temperature reaction section 317 and the heat insulation container 320 while suppressing the amount of heat transfer from the high temperature reaction section 317 to the heat insulation container 320 via the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347.

  In addition, when radiating and radiating heat from the high temperature reaction unit 317, the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315, and the low temperature reaction unit 313 that perform the reaction, it is necessary to make the temperature in each reaction unit uniform, so that radiation is considered in consideration of the temperature distribution in each reaction unit. It was necessary to arrange a heat dissipation film and a radiation heat dissipation window. On the other hand, in the sixth embodiment, since the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 are not required to have uniform temperature inside, unlike the above-described reaction parts, any region of the electrodes may be used as a radiation heat dissipation region. It becomes. Therefore, design restrictions when forming the radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a and the radiation heat radiation windows 366 and 367 are reduced. In particular, in a portable electronic device, it is considered that the design restriction is that radiation and heat release to the user is not possible. Therefore, this embodiment is desirable in that the design restriction can be reduced.

  Furthermore, from Equation (1), if the anode output electrode 346 and the cathode output electrode 347 are thinned or lengthened in order to reduce the amount of heat transfer to the heat insulating container 320, the electric resistance of each electrode increases, resulting in power generation efficiency. However, by radiating and radiating heat from each electrode, it is possible to reduce the amount of heat transferred to the heat insulating container 320 while maintaining the low electrical resistance and high power generation efficiency without changing the shape of each electrode. it can.

  In the above-described sixth embodiment, the radiation heat dissipation films 346a and 347a are provided on the lower surface of the electrode, and the radiation heat dissipation windows 366 and 367 are also provided on the lower surfaces of the reaction devices 310H, 310I, and 310J. The radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a and the radiation heat radiation windows 366 and 367 may be provided on other surfaces.

[Seventh Embodiment]
FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram showing temperature and heat quantity in the steady state of the reactor 310K according to the fifth comparative example, FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram for explaining ideal heat exchange, and FIG. 39 is the seventh embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the temperature and heat amount in the steady state of the reactor 310L which concerns on a form.
The reactors 310K and 310L are respectively provided with an inflow pipe 312b and an outflow pipe 312c serving as the first connection part 312, a low temperature reaction part 313, an inflow pipe 314b and an outflow pipe 314c serving as the second connection part 314, an intermediate temperature reaction part 315, The inflow piping 316b and the outflow piping 316c used as the 3 connection part 316, and the intermediate temperature reaction part 317 are provided. The reactor 310L further includes a heat exchanger 312d that performs heat exchange between the inflow pipe 312b and the outflow pipe 312c, a heat exchanger 314d that performs heat exchange between the inflow pipe 314b and the outflow pipe 314c, and an inflow A heat exchanger 316d that performs heat exchange between the pipe 316b and the outflow pipe 316c is provided.

  The inflow pipe and the outflow pipe are integrally formed or joined to each other, and heat exchange is performed between the pipes, and each pipe may include a plurality of pipes. For example, by dividing the outflow pipe into two and arranging the two outflow pipes around the inflow pipe, heat exchange between the outflow pipe and the inflow pipe is facilitated. In addition, each outflow piping of this embodiment respond | corresponds to the 1st piping in this specification, 3rd piping, and 5th piping, respectively, and each inflow piping is 2nd piping in this specification, 4th piping, 6th. It corresponds to each piping.

  The inflow pipe 312b of the first connecting portion 312 is a pipe through which a reactant that reacts in the low temperature reaction section 313 flows, and the reactant is supplied to the low temperature reaction section 313 through the inflow pipe 312b. The outflow pipe 312c of the first connection unit 312 is a pipe through which a product generated in the low temperature reaction unit 313 flows, and the reactant is discharged from the low temperature reaction unit 313 through the outflow pipe 312c. The inflow piping 314b of the second connecting portion 314 is a piping through which the reactant that reacts in the intermediate temperature reaction portion 315 flows, and the reactant is supplied to the intermediate temperature reaction portion 315 via the inflow piping 314b. The outflow pipe 314c of the second connection unit 314 is a pipe through which the product generated in the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 flows, and the reactant is discharged from the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 through the outflow pipe 314c. The inflow piping 316b of the third connecting portion 316 is a piping through which the reactant that reacts in the high temperature reaction portion 317 flows, and the reactant is supplied to the high temperature reaction portion 317 via the inflow piping 316b. The outflow pipe 316c of the third connecting portion 316 is a pipe through which the product generated in the high temperature reaction section 317 flows, and the reactant is discharged from the high temperature reaction section 317 via the outflow pipe 316c.

  This comparative example shown in FIG. 37 will be described. In this comparative example, heat exchange is not performed between the outflow pipes 312b, 314b, and 316b and the inflow pipes 312c, 314c, and 316c. The intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 includes a radiation heat radiation film 315a (not shown), and is disposed opposite to a radiation transmission window 325 (not shown) on the inner wall surface of the heat insulating container 320. The high-temperature reaction unit 317 includes a radiation heat radiation film 317 a (not shown), and is disposed to face a radiation transmission window 327 (not shown) on the inner wall surface of the heat insulating container 320.

The calculated values shown below were calculated on the assumption that the actual output of the fuel cell device was 1.4 W, the power generation amount was 1.7 W, and 0.3 W was consumed inside the fuel cell device.
Since the temperature of the reactant supplied to the high temperature reaction unit 317 via the inflow pipe 316c is 375 ° C. and the reaction temperature of the high temperature reaction unit 317 is 800 ° C., the amount of heat of the exothermic reaction generated in the high temperature reaction unit 317 is one. The part is used as sensible heat to raise the temperature of the reactant, and the high temperature reaction part 317 generates 0.766 W of excess heat. Of this surplus heat, the amount of heat conducted to the intermediate temperature reaction part 315 via the third connection part 316 is 0.300 W, and is radiated and radiated from the radiation heat radiation film 317 a of the high temperature reaction part 317 via the radiation transmission window 327. The amount of heat is 0.466W.

  Further, by radiating and radiating heat of 0.337 W from the radiation heat dissipation film 315a of the intermediate temperature reaction section 315 through the radiation transmission window 325, the amount of heat transfer to the external device of the reaction apparatus is suppressed to 0.300 W, while the medium temperature The reaction part 315 can be maintained at 375 ° C., and the low temperature reaction part 313 can be maintained at 150 ° C. As described above, in this comparative example, by providing the radiation transmission windows 325 and 327 corresponding to the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 and the high temperature reaction unit 317, each reaction unit 313, while suppressing the amount of heat transfer to the heat insulating container, The temperatures of 315 and 317 are maintained appropriately.

An ideal heat exchange will be described. T _1in and T _1out of Figure 38 corresponds to the outlet pipe of FIGS. 37 and 39, T _2in and T _2out corresponds to the inlet pipe of FIG. 37 and FIG. 39. When the heat quantity Q moves from the outflow pipe to the inflow pipe and ideal heat exchange is performed, the temperature efficiency ε satisfies the following equations (29) and (30).

  The present embodiment shown in FIG. 39 will be described. In this embodiment, heat exchange is performed between each outflow pipe 312b, 314b, 316b and each inflow pipe 312c, 314c, 316c. The high temperature reaction unit 317 includes a radiation heat radiation film 317 a (not shown), and is disposed opposite to a radiation transmission window 327 (not shown) on the inner wall surface of the heat insulating container 320. In the intermediate temperature reaction part 315, radiation heat dissipation is not performed.

The calculated values shown below were calculated on the assumption that the actual output of the fuel cell device was 1.4 W, the power generation amount was 1.7 W, and 0.3 W was consumed inside the fuel cell device, as in this comparative example. .
In this embodiment, heat exchange is performed between the inflow pipe 316c and the outflow pipe 316b, so that the temperature of the product in the high temperature reaction section 317 drops from 800 ° C. to 375 ° C. while flowing through the outflow pipe 316b. At the same time, the amount of heat corresponding to the sensible heat of this temperature drop is used as sensible heat for raising the temperature of the reactant (product discharged from the intermediate temperature reaction section 315) flowing through the inflow pipe 316c. In this case, ε ₁ = 1 and ε ₂ = 0.97 are calculated based on the amount of fuel for achieving the output value, and practically ideal heat exchange is achieved. You can consider it being done.

  For this reason, the temperature of the reactant supplied to the high temperature reaction unit 317 via the inflow pipe 316c is 788 ° C., and the reaction temperature of the high temperature reaction unit 317 is 800 ° C. Of the amount of heat, the amount of heat used as sensible heat for raising the temperature of the reaction product is greatly reduced compared to this comparative example. For this reason, in the high temperature reaction part 317, the excess heat of 1.790 W more than this comparative example arises. Of this surplus heat, the amount of heat conducted to the intermediate temperature reaction part 315 via the third connection part 316 is 0.629 W, and is radiated and radiated from the radiation heat radiation film 317 a of the high temperature reaction part 317 via the radiation transmission window 327. The amount of heat is 1.161W.

In addition, heat exchange is performed between the inflow pipe 314c and the outflow pipe 314b, so that a part of the surplus heat of the intermediate temperature reaction section 315 is discharged from the reactant (the low temperature reaction section 313) flowing in the inflow pipe 314c. Used as sensible heat to raise the temperature of the product. On the other hand, since the remaining amount of heat of 0.300 W of the excess heat of the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 is conducted from the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 to the low temperature reaction unit 313 via the second connection unit 314, the intermediate temperature reaction unit 315 radiates heat. It does not have to be. In this case as well, ε ₁ = 0.99 and ε ₂ = 0.99 because the calculation was performed based on the amount of fuel to achieve the above output value, but practically ideal heat exchange is achieved. You can consider it being done.

In addition, heat exchange is performed between the inflow pipe 312c and the outflow pipe 312b, so that a part of the excess heat of the low temperature reaction unit 313 is supplied from the outside of the reaction apparatus as a reactant flowing inside the inflow pipe 312c. Used as sensible heat to raise the temperature of the reaction product. On the other hand, the remaining heat amount 0.309 W of the excess heat of the low temperature reaction part 313 is conducted from the low temperature reaction part 313 to the outside of the reaction device via the first connection part 312, so that radiation is also radiated in the low temperature reaction part 313. There is no need. In this case as well, ε ₁ = 0.93 and ε ₂ = 1 because calculation was performed based on the amount of fuel to achieve the above output value, but ideal heat exchange is practically performed. You can consider that.

Here, regarding the present embodiment and this comparative example, the amount of heat absorbed by the casing of an electronic device in which the fuel cell device is mounted will be described.
In this comparative example, the temperature of the off-gas discharged from the first connecting portion 312 is 150 ° C., and the amount of heat 0.466 corresponding to sensible heat for lowering the off-gas temperature to the exhaust temperature of 25 ° C. Absorbed in the equipment casing. In addition, the amount of heat corresponding to the latent heat when the off-gas is condensed is 0.703 W, the amount of heat is 0.300 W due to conduction from the low-temperature reaction unit 313 through the first connection unit 312, the amount of heat absorbed in the radiation transmission window is 0.104 W, the fuel Since 0.300 W corresponding to the electric power consumed inside the battery device is absorbed by the casing of the electronic device, the total is 1.873 W.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the temperature of the off gas discharged from the first connecting portion 312 is 38 ° C., and the amount of heat corresponding to sensible heat for lowering the off gas temperature to 25 ° C., which is the exhaust temperature, is 0.025 W, The amount of heat corresponding to the latent heat when the off-gas is condensed is 0.089 W, the amount of heat is 0.309 W due to conduction from the low-temperature reaction unit 313 through the first connecting unit 312, the amount of heat absorbed in the radiation transmission window is 0.111 W, the fuel cell device Since 0.300 W corresponding to the power consumed inside is absorbed by the casing of each electronic device, the total is 1.094 W.

  As described above, in this embodiment, since the amount of heat absorbed by the housing of the electronic device can be reduced by 0.779 W compared to the comparative example, the temperature rise of the housing of the electronic device can be suppressed. it can. As will be described later, when the fuel cell device of the present invention is mounted on an electronic device, it is desirable to radiate and radiate heat from the outermost surface of the electronic device in order to suppress reabsorption of radiation by the casing of the electronic device. Therefore, in the case of being mounted on an electronic device, design restrictions can be reduced in the present embodiment in which only one radiation transmission window is provided, compared to the present comparative example in which two radiation transmission windows are provided. In particular, in a portable electronic device, it is considered that the design restriction is that radiation and heat release to the user is not possible. Therefore, this embodiment is desirable in that the design restriction can be reduced.

  Further, from Equation (4), the amount of radiant energy per unit area of the radiation transmission window increases in proportion to the fourth power of the temperature. Therefore, when radiating and radiating the same amount of energy, providing a radiating and radiating film in the higher temperature region of the reactor body and radiating and radiating through the radiant transmission window than radiating and radiating from the lower temperature region. The area of the radiation transmitting window can be reduced and the amount of radiation energy can be increased. When the fuel cell device is mounted on an electronic device, the design restriction can be reduced if the area of the radiation transmission window is smaller.

Only one of the radiation heat radiation films 346a and 347a may be provided, and only one of the radiation transmission windows 366 and 367 facing each other may be provided.
Further, any two or more of the radiation heat radiation films 312a, 313a, 314a, 315a, 316a, 317a, 346a, and 347a may be provided. In that case, it is necessary to provide the radiation transmission windows 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 366, 367 facing each other.

10A to 10D, 110, 210, 310, 310A to 310L Reactor 11, 111, 211, 311 Reactor body 11a, 111a, 211a, 311a Radiation prevention film 12a to 15a, 113a, 217a, 312a to 317a, 346a, 347a Radiation heat dissipation film 12, 112, 212, 312 First connecting part 13, 113, 213, 313 Low temperature reaction part 14, 114, 214, 314 Second connecting part 215, 315 Medium temperature reaction part 216, 316 Third connecting part 15, 115, 217, 317 High temperature reaction unit 20, 120, 220, 320 Insulated container (first container)
250,350 Airtight container (second container)
21a, 121a, 221a, 321a Reflective films 22, 23, 24, 25, 123, 226, 227, 322 to 327, 366, 367 Radiation transmission windows 312b, 314b, 316b Outflow piping 312c, 314c, 316c Inflow piping 100, 200 , 300 Electronic equipment 130, 230, 330 Fuel cell device 140, 240, 340 Fuel cell 146, 246, 346 Anode output electrode 147, 247, 347 Cathode output electrode

Claims (17)

A reactor main body having a reaction part with which a reactant reacts;
A first container for containing the reactor main body,
The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first container has a radiation transmission region that transmits radiation from the reaction apparatus main body. The radiation transmission region of the first container includes CaF ₂ , BaF ₂ , ZnSe, MgF ₂ , KRS-5, KRS-6, LiF, SiO ₂ , CsI, KBr, AlF ₃ , NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, CaCO ₃ , KI, NaI, NaNO ₃ , AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, Al ₂ O ₃ , BiF ₃ , CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF ₃ , CeO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , DyF ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , GaAs, GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , Ge, HfO ₂ , HoF ₃ , Ho ₂ O ₃ , La ₂ O ₃ , MgO, NaF, Nb ₂ O ₅ , PbF ₂ , Si, Si ₃ At least one of N ₄ , SrF ₂ , TlCl, YF ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, ZnS, ZrO ₂ is used,
2. The material of the first container excluding the radiation transmission region is made of a material having a lower transmittance in the infrared region than the radiation transmission region of the first container. A reactor according to 1. Wherein the whole of the first _{container, CaF 2, BaF 2, ZnSe} , MgF 2, KRS-5, KRS-6, LiF, SiO 2, CsI, KBr, AlF 3, NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr , CsF, NaBr, CaCO ₃ , KI, NaI, NaNO ₃ , AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, Al ₂ O ₃ , BiF ₃ , CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF ₃ , CeO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , DyF ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , GaAs, GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , Ge, HfO ₂ , HoF ₃ , Ho ₂ O ₃ , La ₂ O ₃ , MgO, NaF, Nb ₂ O ₅ , PbF ₂ , Si, Si ₃ N ₄ , _{SrF 2, TlCl, YF 3,} Y 2 O 3, ZnO, ZnS, reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of ZrO ₂ are used.   The at least one of Au, Al, Ag, Cu, and Rh is used for an inner wall surface of a portion excluding the radiation transmission region of the first container. The reactor according to the item.   A radiation heat radiation region having a higher emissivity in the infrared region than an outer wall surface of a portion excluding a surface facing the radiation transmission region of the reaction device main body is provided on a surface of the reaction device body facing the radiation transmission region. The reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reaction apparatus is provided.   The radiation prevention film which prevents the radiation from the said reaction apparatus main body is provided in the part except the opposing surface with the said radiation permeation | transmission area | region of the said reaction apparatus main body, The any one of Claims 1-5 characterized by the above-mentioned. A reactor according to claim 1.   6. The reaction apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the radiation heat radiation area is formed by a non-evaporable getter.   The reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the pressure outside the main body of the reaction apparatus and inside the first container is lower than atmospheric pressure.   The reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the reaction unit is disposed to face the radiation transmission region. The reactor main body has two or more reaction parts at which the reactants react at different temperatures,
9. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the two or more reaction units is disposed to face the radiation transmission region. The reaction unit includes a vaporizer that vaporizes fuel and water to generate an air-fuel mixture,
In the radiation transmission region, at least one of KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, CdSe, CdTe, Ge is used. The reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The reaction unit includes a reformer that generates reformed gas from vaporized fuel and water,
The radiation transmissive region includes ZnSe, KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF ₃ , CdSe, CdS, 11. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of CdTe, GaAs, GaSe, Ge, NaF, PbF ₂ , TlCl, YF ₃ , and ZnO is used.   The reaction device according to claim 1, wherein the reaction unit includes a fuel cell that generates electric power by reaction of a reactant. The fuel cell is a molten carbonate type,
Wherein the radiation transmissive _{region, CaF 2, BaF 2, ZnSe} , KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, AlF 3, NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI, AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF ₃ , CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF ₃ , CeO ₂ , DyF ₂ , GaAs, GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , HfO ₂ , La ₂ O ₃ , NaF, PbF ₂ , Si, TlCl, YF ₃ The reaction apparatus according to claim 13, wherein at least one of ZnO, ZnO, and ZnS is used. The fuel cell is a solid oxide type,
Wherein the radiation transmissive _{region, CaF 2, BaF 2, ZnSe} , MgF 2, KRS-5, KRS-6, CsI, KBr, AlF 3, NaCl, KF, KCl, CsCl, CsBr, CsF, NaBr, KI, NaI , AgCl, AgBr, TlBr, BiF ₃ , CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CeF ₃ , CeO ₂ , DyF ₂ , GaAs, GaSe, Gd ₂ O ₃ , HfO ₂ , La ₂ O ₃ , MgO, NaF, PbF ₂ , Si The reaction apparatus according to claim 13, wherein at least one of Si ₃ N ₄ , SrF ₂ , TlCl, YF ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, and ZnS is used.   An electronic device comprising: the reaction device according to any one of claims 13 to 15; and an electronic device main body that operates by electric power of the fuel cell.   The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein the radiation transmission region is disposed along an outer peripheral surface of the electronic device.

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