JP2011026884A - Opening part construction method, and construction method for concrete wall provided with opening part - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an opening part construction method for forming various opening parts for a window frame or the like, when constructing a concrete wall by a concrete form construction method, and a construction method for the concrete wall provided the opening part. <P>SOLUTION: Frame bodies 1U, 1S, 1H, 1M are arranged to constitute the opening part A, a space holding member 5 is penetrated through a locking hole 211 provided in an attaching tool 2, a head part 21 of the attaching tool 2 is projected from a reverse face side of the frame bodies 1U, 1S, 1H, 1M to a surface side thereof, and a fastener 3 is attached to the projected head part 21 on surfaces of the frame bodies 1U, 1S, 1H, 1M, to be fixed therein. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for constructing an opening for forming various openings such as window frames and the like, and a method for constructing a concrete wall provided with an opening.

  Conventionally, concrete formwork methods (including those in which a heat insulating layer is formed) form a formwork with plywood or the like to form a concrete placement space, and concrete is placed in the placement space to construct an outer wall. In order to maintain this placement space, various spacing members (separators) are used.

When various openings such as window frames are formed on the wall, a wooden opening mold is fixed to the frame constituting the concrete placement space by nailing or the like.
In Patent Document 1, a proposal is made to fix the opening mold 1 between the mold panels 8a and 8b (concrete placement space) by a fixing holder 5 including the separator 2, the attachment 3, and the fastening member 4. ing.

Registered Utility Model No. 3038059

However, in the construction method of Patent Document 1, the form tie and the formwork (formwork panels 8a and 8b) are removed after the concrete is hardened, and then the opening formwork 1 is removed, so that the formwork is removed (removal of the form tie). There was a problem that the opening mold 1 could not be removed unless this was done.
Further, the fixing holder 5 and the separator 2 used in this construction method are special products, and there is a problem that a commonly used separator cannot be diverted.
Furthermore, in concrete buildings, dual-purpose formwork (using the formwork as a finishing material or as a part of the finishing material) that does not remove the formwork is adopted from the viewpoint of workability such as finishing of the wall. However, this method also has a problem that it cannot be diverted to such a combined formwork.
Then, an object of this invention is to provide the construction method of the opening part which is excellent in workability, and the construction method of a concrete wall provided with an opening part, without producing the above problems at all.

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above, and arranges a frame that constitutes the opening, and allows a spacing member to pass through a locking hole provided in the fixture, so that the head of the fixture is The present invention relates to a method for constructing an opening, characterized by projecting from the rear surface side of the frame body to the front surface side, and attaching and fixing a fastener to the projecting head on the surface of the frame body.

  In the construction method of the opening according to the present invention, each of the frames constituting the opening is a frame (substantially U-shaped frame) that is released only by one side, and each of the open portions faces inward. We also propose a method for constructing the opening, which is characterized by being arranged.

  Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a method for constructing a concrete wall in which a frame body that constitutes an opening portion is arranged between the molds on one side and the other side, and the frame body that constitutes the opening portion is proposed. A spacing member extending from one side of the concrete placement space to the other side is passed through a locking hole provided in the fixture, and the head of the fixture is attached to the frame body. A concrete wall provided with an opening characterized by projecting from the back side to the front side, attaching and fixing a fastener to the projecting head on the surface of the frame, and placing concrete in this state The construction method is also proposed.

  Moreover, this invention is a construction method of the concrete wall provided with the said opening part, either one or both of a formwork is combined with a heat insulating material and / or exterior finishing material, The concrete wall provided with the opening part characterized by the above-mentioned A construction method is also proposed.

  Further, the present invention provides a method for constructing a concrete wall having the opening, wherein the interval holding member is separable in the concrete placing space and is constituted by a plurality of interval holding members connected by screwing means. The first member disposed on one side includes at least a rod-shaped member, the end on one side is held by the formwork, and the second member disposed on the other side is located in the concrete placement space. A method for constructing a concrete wall having an opening is also proposed, characterized in that the portion is surrounded by a cylindrical member and can be extracted after placing the concrete.

In the method for constructing the opening and the method for constructing the concrete wall having the opening according to the present invention, the frame constituting the opening is integrally attached to the spacing member by the fixture and the fastener. The opening can be constructed simultaneously with the construction.
And since the frame is not fixed directly to the interval holding member as in the above-described conventional method, but is indirectly fixed by the fixture and the fastener, it is temporarily removed and another frame material is removed. Even in the case of attachment, construction can be performed without waiting for removal of the formwork.
Moreover, since a general space | interval holding member can be used as it is, practical value is high.
Furthermore, the present invention can be easily applied to a method for forming a combined mold without removing the mold.
In addition, since a strong force is not applied to the holding of the frame body, the frame body is stably held without causing deformation or the like.

  In addition, when each of the frames constituting the opening is a frame that only one of the frames is released and each has an open portion facing inward, the strength of each frame (bending resistance, etc.) A high and high strength opening will be constructed.

  In addition, when either or both of the molds are also used as heat insulating materials and / or exterior finishing materials, they are used as discarded molds, and the molds can be removed after waiting for the concrete to be cured. There is no need to install a new heat insulating material or exterior finishing material, and the outer wall is constructed simultaneously with the completion of curing. Therefore, the construction work can be saved significantly and the construction is extremely wasteful in terms of time.

  Further, the spacing member is separable in the concrete placement space, and is composed of a plurality of spacing members connected by screwing means, and the first member arranged on one side includes at least a rod-shaped member. The second member disposed on the other side of the second member, which is held on the other side of the second member, is surrounded by a cylindrical member and can be extracted after placing the concrete. In this case, after placing concrete, the first member on one side can hold the formwork, there is no need to inking, the workability is excellent, and the second member arranged on the other side is extracted. The second member is not wasted and the heat insulation performance is not impaired. Moreover, since the 2nd member distribute | arranged to the other side was enclosed by the cylindrical member, it is distribute | arranged without contacting concrete and a 2nd member can be easily extracted after placement and hardening of concrete. Furthermore, in order to extract the second member arranged on the other side, even if cold heat is transferred to the other side through the first member on one side, further transmission of the cold heat (cooling bridge) is cut off and insulated. High performance.

(A) A side sectional view showing a portion corresponding to the upper side of the opening in the present invention, (b) a side sectional view showing a portion corresponding to the lower side of the opening, and (c) showing a portion corresponding to the left side of the opening. It is sectional drawing seen from the top, (d) It is sectional drawing seen from the upper part which shows the part corresponded on the right side of an opening part. (A) An enlarged front view, an enlarged plan view, an enlarged side view of the used fixture, (b) An enlarged front view and an enlarged plan view of the fastener, and (c) An attachment state of the fixture and the fastener to the frame. It is an expansion perspective view. It is a perspective view which shows the state which attached the frame which comprises an opening part to a formwork by this invention in a perspective form. (A) An enlarged side sectional view showing a state immediately before placing concrete in a portion corresponding to the upper side of the opening in the present invention, (b) a part of the second member of the spacing member after placing concrete. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the state which extracted. It is a sectional side view which shows the general part which is not provided with the opening part of a concrete wall.

The opening construction method of the present invention is a concrete formed between a mold on one side and the other side by arranging a frame constituting the opening and attaching the frame to a spacing member called a separator. It is fixed to the installation space. The frame constituting the opening means that the frame is arranged so as to surround the opening (space part) to form the opening side edge.
The shape of the opening is not particularly limited. For example, in the case of forming a rectangular opening, a linear frame is provided in each of the portions corresponding to the upper side, the lower side, the left side, and the right side. In addition, for example, a bent or arched frame may be provided in a portion corresponding to the upper side. And each frame should just be attached to a space | interval holding member via an attachment tool and a fastener, and can construct | assemble the opening part of arbitrary shapes not only in a rectangular opening part in this way.

The frame body is not particularly limited in terms of the material and its shape. For example, the material may be wooden or metal (including aluminum). Further, the shape may be a flat plate shape, a bent surface shape, or a curved surface shape. In particular, it is preferable to use a frame body with high bending resistance such as a cross-section of a square shape or a U-shape (a U-shape), because a high-strength opening is constructed.
Moreover, although these frame bodies may be used as they are after the concrete is hardened, they may be detached and attached with other frame materials.
The shape of the frame body is not particularly limited as described above, but the periphery of the frame body is in contact with the formwork or other frame body in order to form the opening side edge so as to surround the opening portion. (Contact | abutting) and the structure which prevents the outflow of concrete from the said contact part at the time of concrete placement should just be used. In that case, a joint member or a seal member may be interposed in the contact portion.

  Particularly when only one of the frames is opened, that is, when the cross section is a substantially U-shaped frame and each of the open portions is directed inward, an advantage is that a high-strength opening is constructed as described above. There is.

  The fixture is provided with a locking hole through which the interval holding member passes, and the fastener is attached to the head of the fixture, and the material is not limited, and a piece-shaped metal molding material may be used. A resin molding material may be used. Moreover, this fixture is arrange | positioned so that the front-end | tip (head) may protrude from the back surface side of the said frame to the surface side. For example, the tip (head) may be externally threaded. In that case, the fastener becomes a nut.

The said fastener is a structure attached to the head of the said fixture, Comprising: The material is not limited like the said fixture, A piece-shaped metal molding material may be sufficient and a resin molding material may be sufficient.
The means for attaching the fastener to the head of the fixture is not particularly limited, but a hole (attachment hole) is provided in the head of the fixture as shown in the illustrated embodiment to be described later, and is fastened to the attachment hole. A tool may be inserted, or a nut may be used when the head of the fixture is machined as described above.

  The interval holding member is a member for constructing a concrete wall while maintaining an interval between the molds on one side and the other side, and is separable in the concrete placement space, and is connected by screwing means. It is desirable to be configured with a plurality of spacing members. Further, in the gap holding member, the member arranged on one side includes at least a rod-like member, the end on one side is held by the mold, and the member arranged on the other side is in the concrete placement space. It is desirable that the portion to be positioned is surrounded by a cylindrical member and can be extracted after placing the concrete.

In a desirable mode of the spacing member, when each member constituting the spacing member is connected by screwing means, a female screw portion is formed at one end portion, and a male screw portion is formed at the other end portion. What is necessary is just to form. As the female screw portion, for example, nuts such as hexagon nuts, high nuts, different diameter nuts, special bolts in which a female screw is cut at the head of a rod-like member such as a bolt may be used. For example, as the male screw portion, The tip of a bolt that is screwed into the female screw portion may be used.
At the time of placing the concrete, the members are integrally connected (connected) by the above-described screwing means, and are disposed so that the one side and the other side of the mold form are evenly spaced. After the concrete is placed and hardened, these members are separated and only the second member arranged on the other side is extracted. That is, the first member arranged on one side remains buried in the concrete wall even after the concrete is placed and functions to hold the formwork, and the second member arranged on the other side is made of concrete. It can be extracted and used repeatedly after casting and curing.

  Moreover, as said formwork, there exist reinforced plastic boards, such as plywood (woody) and FRP, a heat insulating material (combination), and exterior finishing material (combination). When a reinforced plastic board such as FRP is used, it can be removed and reused after placing concrete. In addition, when either or both of the molds are also used as heat insulating materials or exterior finishing materials, they are used as discarded molds, which saves a lot of work and is extremely wasteful in terms of time. Less construction.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing portions corresponding to the four sides of the opening A, and FIGS. 1A and 1B are cross-sectional views of the portions corresponding to the upper and lower sides of the opening A viewed from the side. FIGS. 1C and 1D show a cross-sectional view of a portion corresponding to the left and right sides of the opening A as viewed from above.
The four frame bodies 1 constituting the opening A (denoted as 1 when each frame body is specified without being specified) have a width dimension corresponding to the thickness of the concrete wall as a matter of course. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, since the vertically long rectangular opening A is constructed, the frame body 1U disposed in the portion corresponding to the upper side and the frame body 1S disposed in the portion corresponding to the lower side are the same. The frame body 1H disposed in the portion corresponding to the left side and the frame body 1M disposed in the portion corresponding to the right side have the same length dimension.

The frame bodies 1U and 1S are the same members, and the frame bodies 1H and 1M are the same members, and the arrangement directions are respectively opposite to each other. Accordingly, in these frames 1U, 1S, 1H, 1M, for example, the left and right ends of the substantially horizontal lateral surface portion 11 rise substantially vertically to one side to become vertical surface portions 12, 12, and the tips extend inward. The steel material or the resin molded product having the structure to be cut can be easily cut by a length dimension as appropriate.
Further, a through hole 111 through which the head 21 of the fixture 2 described later is inserted is formed at the approximate center in the width direction of the lateral surface portion 11 of these frames 1U, 1S, 1H, 1M. As shown in FIG. 3, the through-holes 111 are provided at approximately the center (one place) in the length direction in the frame bodies 1U and 1S, and at three positions in the length direction in the frame bodies 1H and 1M that are substantially equally divided. It has been.

The fixture 2 is provided with a locking hole 231 through which the spacing member 5 penetrates, and the fastener 3 is attached to the head 21 thereof, and is made of a piece-shaped resin molding material. Moreover, this fixture 2 is arrange | positioned so that the head 21 may protrude from the back surface side of each said frame 1 to the surface side. That is, the head 21 is arranged so as to protrude from the through hole 111 to the surface side.
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2C, the fixture 2 of the illustrated embodiment is provided with a large-diameter head 21 at one end of a rod-like shape, and a square hole 211 penetrating the head 21 is formed. Yes. Further, a flange 22 having a diameter larger than that of the head 21 is provided on the other end side of the head 21, and a ring-shaped attachment portion 23 (locking hole 231) is provided on the other end side. .

The fastener 3 is configured to be attached to the head portion 21 of the fixture 2, and is made of a piece-shaped resin molding material in the same manner as the fixture 2.
As shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C, the fastener 3 of the illustrated embodiment has a shape in which a prism is formed in a substantially L shape, and is inserted into the square hole 211 of the head 21 of the fixture 2. The insertion portion 31 and a retaining portion 32 orthogonal to the insertion portion 31 are formed, and the tip of the insertion portion 31 is rounded.

The spacing member 5 is a member for constructing a concrete wall while maintaining a spacing between the molds on the one side and the other side. The spacing member 5 in the illustrated embodiment is disposed in the concrete placement space 40. And can be separated by a plurality of members connected by screwing means.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4A in which the portion corresponding to the upper side of the opening A is enlarged as a representative, the first member (a male screw rod-like material that is a special bolt) located in the mold 6 on one side. 51) and a second member (male screw rod-like material 52, high nut 53, male screw rod-like material 54, cylindrical member 55) embedded in concrete.

In this embodiment, the mold 6 'disposed on the other side can remove part of the second member (52 to 55) on the other side (male screw rod-like material 54) simultaneously with the removal of the fastener 7. In addition, improvement in workability and ease of management due to a reduction in the number of members can be expected. That is, the second member (52 to 55) on the other side in this embodiment is composed of a male screw rod-like member 52 whose tip on one side is screwed into and connected to the head of the male screw rod-like member 51. A portion of the screw rod-shaped member 52 located in the concrete placement space 40 is sequentially connected to a high nut 53 and a male screw rod-shaped member 54, and is surrounded by a cylindrical member 55 that is a straight pipe member.
Since the male screw rod-shaped member 54 is connected to the rod-shaped member of the foam tie disposed outside the mold 6 'on the other side, the male screw rod-shaped member 54 can be removed simultaneously with the removal of the fastening tool 7. .

Further, a mold 6 (mold and panel) disposed on one side is provided with a rafter 62 on a protruding portion (outer protruding portion) of a male screw rod-shaped material 51 that is held by a board-shaped heat insulating material 61 having a predetermined thickness. The horizontal beam joint 64 is attached, and the exterior material 63 is attached to the rafter 62. Further, the male screw rod-shaped member 51 is a special bolt having an enlarged diameter near the tip and a female screw cut on the tip surface. The tip of the special screw has a concrete placement space. A male screw rod-shaped member 52 located in the inside 40 is connected, and a high nut 53 is attached to the tip of the male screw rod-shaped member 52. In addition, the frame body 65 in the drawing is an opening edge frame for being inserted through the opening A.
In other words, in this embodiment, the second part (52 to 55) embedded in the concrete is handled in a state in which the second part (52 to 55) is removed, so that the formwork 6 can be transported and stored in a stacked state without protruding or the like. it can.

  In the mold 6 shown in FIG. 3, four rafters 62 are arranged on one surface of the heat insulating material 61 in the lateral direction (horizontal direction) on the front surface side (the back side in the figure), and the back surface side (see FIG. 3). In this figure, two rafters 66 are arranged in the longitudinal direction (vertical direction) with respect to one heat insulating material 61, and the spacing member 5 projects from the rafter 66 toward the back side. It is. In other drawings, that is, FIGS. 1 and 4, the vertical rafter 66 is not shown.

The procedure for constructing a concrete wall having an opening A composed of such members will be described below.
First, as shown in FIG. 4A, the panel 6 for a formwork is arranged, and the male screw rod-like material 52 and the high nut 53 are attached and disposed in the concrete placing space 40 so as to protrude.
Next, the other end of the high nut 53 is connected by screwing the tip of one side of the male screw rod-like material 54, and tightened with the tightening tool 7 to fix the mold 6 'in a predetermined position for placing the concrete. A space 40 is formed. The cylindrical member 55 is inserted in advance through the locking hole 231 of the fixture 2 and apparently the fixture 2 is fixed to the cylindrical member 55 (suspended in the drawing). The cylindrical member 55 was connected so that the male screw rod-like material 54 penetrates the through hole of the cylindrical member 55 and is screwed to the high nut 53.

  Subsequently, the frame 1U is disposed in the vicinity of the interval holding member 5 having the above-described configuration, and the arrangement direction is adjusted so that the through hole 111 is positioned on the interval holding member 5 side. In this state, the head 21 of the fixture 2 suspended from the tubular member 55 is inserted into the through hole 111 of the frame 1U. Since the flange 22 having a larger diameter than the head 21 is provided on the other end side of the head 21 as described above, the flange 22 limits the insertion depth of the head 21 into the through hole 111. Play a role.

  As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the opening directions of the square holes 211 and the locking holes 231 provided in the fixture 2 are formed so as to be orthogonal to each other. In the state where the interval holding member 5 to be inserted is inserted into the locking hole 231, the square hole 211 is oriented in a direction orthogonal thereto. For example, in FIG. 2C, the spacing member 5 is disposed in the left-right direction on the back surface side of the frame body 1. Since the locking holes 231 through which the spacing members 5 disposed in the left and right direction are inserted are similarly oriented in the left and right direction, the square holes 211 of the fixture 2 at this time are vertically aligned with each other. It is in the direction.

And the insertion part 31 of the said fastener 3 is inserted in the square hole 211 of the head 21 of the fixture 2, as shown in FIG.2 (c), and the retaining part 32 contact | abuts the edge of the square hole 211. FIG. Insert like so.
The frame 1 </ b> U in this state is in a state of being integrally fixed to the spacing member 5 via the fixture 2 and the fastener 3.

  In this state, as shown in FIG. 4B, the concrete 4 shown by hatching is placed in the concrete placement space 40, and after the concrete 4 is hardened, the fastening tool 7 is removed and the mold 2 is removed continuously. The male screw rod-like material 54 can be extracted, and the concrete wall 4 having the opening A is constructed. Therefore, the improvement of workability compared with the conventional construction method and the ease of the management surface by reducing the number of members can be anticipated.

In the distance holding member 5 in this embodiment, the first member on one side can hold the formwork / panel 6, there is no need to perform ink marking, the workability is excellent, and the second member is arranged on the other side. The member (male screw rod-like material 54) can be extracted and used repeatedly with the mold 6 'and the fastening tool 7 on the other side, so that the member is not wasted and the heat insulation performance is not impaired.
Further, in the illustrated embodiment, as the cylindrical member 55 that is a straight tubular pipe material (cylindrical material), for example, a low-priced product such as a resin pipe material that is compatible with concrete to be placed can be selected and used. The manufacturing cost is low and the practical value is extremely high.

In FIG. 4, the portion corresponding to the upper side of the opening A has been described as an example. However, since the left side and the right side of the opening A are longer than the upper side and the lower side, one frame constituting the opening A is used. What is necessary is just to fix to 1H and 1M using the some fixture 2 and the fastener 3 as shown in FIG.
In this case, since the frames 1H and 1M are stably attached to the spacing member 5 via the fixture 2 and the fastener 3 at two locations, even if the frames 1H and 1M are long in length. The inclination can be prevented and the durability against the pressure generated when the concrete 4 is placed is also high.

FIG. 5 shows a general part that does not have an opening of a concrete wall. In the mold 6B shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of heat insulating materials 61 are juxtaposed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and the surface side ( In the figure, the rafters 62 that are continuous in the horizontal direction are arranged in an embedded form on the back side, and the rafters 66 that are continuous in the vertical direction (vertical direction) are arranged in the embedded form on the back side (the front side in the figure). 5 has a configuration in which a rafter 62 that is continuous in the lateral direction is fixed to the tip of the spacing member 8 that protrudes from the surface of the heat insulating material 61. The spacing member 8 is substantially the same as the spacing member 5 in FIG. 4, and a spacer 82 is connected to the other side of the male screw rod-like material 81 that is a special bolt, and a special separator 84 is connected via a nut 83. Are connected and integrated with the foam tie on the other side.
In one mold 6D, a support member 71 called a vertical flap is arranged outside the rafter 62, a fastening tool 7 'including a foam tie is arranged, and the other mold 6' is arranged. On the outside, a support member 72 called a horizontal flap is arranged, and similarly, a fastening tool 7 'including a foam tie is arranged.
Thus, about the structure and construction other than the above-mentioned opening part, it does not limit at all and you may comprise and construct how.

  In the construction method of the present invention thus constructed, each frame 1 is indirectly fixed to the interval holding member 5 by the fixture 2 and the fastener 3 and is generally used for interval holding. The member 5 can be used as it is, and can be easily applied to a construction method using the formwork panel 6 which is a combined formwork that is not removed.

1, 1U, 1S, 1H, 1M Frame 2 Mounting tool 21 Head 211 Locking hole 22 Flange 23 Mounting part 231 Mounting hole 3 Fastening 31 Insertion part 32 Retaining part 4 Concrete 40 Placing space 5.8 Interval holding Member 51 1st member 52-55 2nd member 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D (one side) formwork 6 '(other side) formwork 7, 7' clamp

Claims (5)

  While arranging the frame that constitutes the opening, the spacing member is passed through the locking hole provided in the fixture, and the head of the fixture projects from the back side of the frame to the front side, A method for constructing an opening, characterized in that a fastener is attached and fixed to the protruding head on the surface of the frame.   2. The method of constructing an opening according to claim 1, wherein each of the frames constituting the opening is a frame that is released by only one of the frames, and each of the open portions is arranged inward. It is a construction method of a concrete wall that is constructed by arranging a frame body that constitutes an opening between molds on one side and the other side,
The frame constituting the opening is arranged in the concrete placement space, and a spacing member extending from one side to the other side of the concrete placement space is passed through a locking hole provided in the fixture, and the fixture The head of the frame is projected from the back side to the front side of the frame, and a fastener is attached and fixed to the projected head on the surface of the frame, and concrete is placed in this state. A method for constructing a concrete wall having an opening.   4. The method for constructing a concrete wall having an opening according to claim 3, wherein either one or both of the molds also serve as a heat insulating material and / or an exterior finishing material. The spacing member is separable within the concrete placement space, and is composed of a plurality of spacing members connected by screwing means. The first member arranged on one side includes at least a rod-shaped member. The second member arranged on the other side is held by the mold, and the part located in the concrete placement space is surrounded by a cylindrical member and can be extracted after the concrete placement. The construction method of the concrete wall provided with the opening part of Claim 3 or 4 characterized by these.

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