JP2011025288A - Method and apparatus for manufacturing washer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the yield of materials in manufacturing washers and to chamfer the bore part of washers at low cost without cutting or grinding. <P>SOLUTION: The method of manufacturing washers 70 includes: a cutting process in which a wire material 60 is cut at a prescribed length to form cut members 65; an upsetting process in which a columnar recess 67 is formed on one end face and the other end face of the cut members 65 by pressurizing the cut members 65 with an upsetting member 30 and in which the outer edge of the recess 67 is chamfered; and a stamping process in which a portion in the recess 67 of the cut members 65 is punched. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a washer manufacturing method for manufacturing a washer and a washer manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a washer.

  Bolts may be used when fastening structures. When the bolt is used in this way, the bolt is used so as to pass through the inner diameter portion of the washer. As shown in FIG. 3, the conventional washer 95 is generated by punching a flat iron plate 90 that is a flat plate material by press working (see Patent Document 1).

  However, when the washer 95 is manufactured from the flat iron plate 90 as described above, the yield of the material is low, and the material to be discarded is about 50% of the whole, and the manufacturing cost of the washer is increased.

  Further, in such a manufacturing method, the inner diameter portion and the outer diameter portion of the washer 95 remain in a sheared state, and the edges of the inner diameter portion and the outer diameter portion are square and not chamfered. Also, in the washers 95a, 95b, and 95c shown in Patent Document 2, the edges of the inner diameter portions 96a, 96b, and 96c of the washers 95a, 95b, and 95c are also angular and are not chamfered (see FIG. 4 (a)-(c)).

  As described above, when the inner diameter portion of the washer is not chamfered, the edge of the inner diameter portion of the washer interferes with the round (roundness) formed at the joint portion between the bolt seat surface and the shaft portion. It cannot be tightened, causing the bolt to loosen.

  On the other hand, in order to chamfer the inner diameter portion of such a washer, additional processing such as cutting or grinding by another apparatus is required. For this reason, the manufacturing cost of the washer whose inner diameter portion is chamfered is further increased.

JP 05-277619 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 39-037047

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and is a washer manufacturing method and a washer manufacturing apparatus for increasing the material yield and chamfering the inner diameter portion of the washer at low cost without performing cutting or grinding. The purpose is to provide.

The washer manufacturing method of the present invention comprises:
A washer manufacturing method for manufacturing a washer,
A cutting step of generating a cutting member by cutting a wire with a predetermined length;
An upsetting step of chamfering the outer edge of the concave portion while forming the circular concave portion on one end surface and the other end surface of the cutting member by pressing the cutting member with the upsetting member;
A punching step of punching out a portion in the recess of the cutting member;
It has.

The washer manufacturing method of the present invention comprises:
A placing step of placing one end of the cutting member on the placing portion;
A pre-forming step of pressing the other end side of the cutting member placed on the placement portion by the preliminary upsetting member on one end side,
The upsetting step may be performed after the preforming step.

The washer manufacturing method of the present invention comprises:
You may further provide the inversion process which inverts the said cutting member pressed at the said preforming process 180 degree | times before the said upsetting process.

The washer manufacturing method of the present invention comprises:
You may further provide the end surface correction process performed before the said upsetting process and flattening the end of the cutting member produced | generated by the said cutting process.

In the washer manufacturing method of the present invention,
The upsetting step may include an extrusion step of extending a substantially center of one end surface or the other end surface of the cutting member along a normal direction of the one end surface or the other end surface.

The washer manufacturing apparatus of the present invention
A washer manufacturing device for manufacturing a washer,
A cutting part that cuts the wire with a predetermined length to generate a cutting member;
By pressing the cutting member, a circular recess is formed on one end surface and the other end surface of the cutting member, and an upsetting member that chamfers the outer edge of the recess;
A punching portion for punching out a portion in the recess of the cutting member;
It has.

  According to the present invention, since the cutting member obtained by cutting the wire is used, the yield of the material can be increased. In addition, since the circular recesses are formed on the one end surface and the other end surface of the cutting member and the outer edge of the recess is chamfered, the inner diameter portion of the washer can be chamfered at low cost without cutting or grinding. it can.

Schematic which shows each process in the washer manufacturing method by embodiment of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows schematic structure of the cutting member produced | generated by the washer manufacturing method by embodiment of this invention, and a washer. The top plan view for demonstrating an example of the conventional washer manufacturing method. The perspective view for demonstrating another example of the conventional washer manufacturing method.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a washer manufacturing method and a washer manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Here, FIG. 1 (a)-(g) and FIG. 2 (a)-(c) are figures which show embodiment of this invention.

  The washer manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a plastic working machine such as a nut former, and is used to manufacture the washer 70 (see FIG. 1G). As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D, the washer manufacturing apparatus is configured to place the cutting member 65 and the cutting unit 10 that generates the cutting member 65 by cutting the wire 60 with a predetermined length. A female first mounting portion 17 made of a die or the like and a pressing portion 16 that is inserted into the first mounting portion 17 and presses the cutting member 65 are provided. The washer manufacturing apparatus further includes a female second mounting portion (mounting portion) including a die for mounting the lower end side (one end side) of the cutting member 65 after being pressed by the pressing portion 16. ) 22 and a preliminary upsetting member 21 whose lower end side presses the upper end side (the other end side) of the cutting member 65 placed in the second placement portion 22.

  Of these, as shown in FIG. 1 (d), the preliminary upsetting member 21 has a preliminary convex shape portion 26 at the approximate center, and the preliminary convex shape portion 26 pre-sets at the approximate center of the upper surface of the cutting member 65. A recess 66 is formed.

  In addition, the washer manufacturing apparatus presses the cutting member 65 after being installed by the preliminary upsetting member 21 by 180 ° (reversing the vertical direction) (not shown) and the preliminary upsetting member 21. The pressed cutting member 65 is further pressed to form a circular concave portion 67 on the lower surface (one end surface) and upper surface (the other end surface) of the cutting member 65 and chamfer the outer edge of the concave portion 67. The punching member 41 and the punching part 41 which punches out the part in the recessed part 67 among the cutting members 65 are also provided (refer FIG.1 (f) (g)). Note that a washer (a washer that has not yet been finalized) 70 is generated by punching a portion of the cutting member 65 in the recess 67 by the punching portion 41.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (f), the above-described upsetting member 30 is located on the upper side and has an upper upsetting member 31 having an upper convex portion 36 at the center, and on the lower side and at the center. And a lower upsetting member 32 having a lower convex portion 37. Note that the lower upsetting member 32 has a circular opening 38 at the substantially center.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 1G, a female die 42 that supports the cutting member 65 is provided at a position facing the punched portion 41.

  Although not shown in the present application, the washer manufacturing apparatus removes the barrel polishing portion that removes the burr of the washer 70 generated by punching out the portion in the recess 67 and the scale (oxide film) on the surface of the washer 70. A scale removing unit is also provided.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

  First, the cutting member 10 is cut | disconnected by predetermined length by the cutting part 10, and the cutting member 65 is produced | generated (cutting process) (refer Fig.1 (a) (b)). At this time, the diameter d1 of the cutting member 65 is about 50% of the outer diameter portion of the washer 70 finally generated, and the height (cutting length) h1 of the cutting member 65 is about 70% of d1. For example, about 6.5 mm.

  Next, the lower end side (one end side) of the cutting member 65 is placed in the first placement portion 17. Thereafter, the upper end side (the other end side) of the cutting member 65 whose lower end side is placed in the first placement portion 17 is pressed by the pressing portion 16 (end surface correction step) (see FIG. 1C). At this time, the lower end (one end) of the cutting member 65 is corrected by the first placement portion 17 and becomes a flat plane (the lower surface becomes flat). At this time, the height h2 of the cutting member 65 is about 95% of h1 (h2≈h1 × 0.95), and the diameter d2 is, for example, about 0.05 mm longer than d1 (d2≈d1 + 0). .05 mm). It is preferable to make the lower end (one end) of the cutting member 65 flat as described above, because the one end surface and the other end surface of the washer 70 to be finally generated can be surely made flat.

  Next, the lower end side (one end side) of the cutting member 65 is placed in the second placement portion (placement portion) 22 (placement step). At this time, a portion from the bottom surface to the height h3.4 is placed in the second placement portion 22 (see FIG. 1D and FIG. 2A). Thereafter, the preliminary upsetting member 21 presses the upper end side (the other end side) of the cutting member 65 whose lower end side is placed in the second placement portion 22 (preliminary molding step) (see FIG. 1D). ).

At this time, the height h3.1 of the cutting member 65 is about 4.5 mm, and the diameter d3.1 of the cutting member 65 is about 0.05 mm longer than d2 (d3.1≈d2 + 0.05 mm). (See FIG. 2 (a)). Further, the height h3.2 of the linear portion is about 1.0 to 1.5 mm. Further, the portion of the cutting member 65 located above the second mounting portion 22 (the portion pressed by the preliminary upsetting member 21) has a diameter d3.3, and the pre-recess 66 has a diameter d3.2. Yes. The pre-recess 66 has an inclination angle θ ₁ of about 60 degrees. The diameter d3.3 is, for example, about 70% of the outer diameter of the washer 70 that is finally generated.

  Next, the cutting member 65 pressed in the pre-forming step is reversed 180 degrees (reversing step) (see FIG. 1E) by the reversing portion (not shown).

  Next, the cutting member 65 pressed in the preforming process is pressed by the upsetting member 30 to be plastically processed (upsetting process) (see FIG. 1F). At this time, a circular concave portion 67 is formed on one end surface (the upper surface in FIG. 1 (f)) of the cutting member 65 by the upper convex portion 36 of the upper upsetting member 31, and the outer edge of the concave portion 67 is chamfered. Is done. Similarly, a circular concave portion 67 is formed on the other end surface (the lower surface in FIG. 1F) of the cutting member 65 by the lower convex portion 37 of the lower upsetting member 32, and the outer edge of the concave portion 67 is Chamfered. Further, a portion on the outer edge side with respect to the recess 67 is installed in a flat plate shape.

  At this time, the approximate center of the other end surface of the cutting member 65 is extended from the opening 38 of the lower upsetting member 32 along the normal direction of the other end surface, and the excess portion of the cutting member 65 is the upsetting member 30. (Extruding step) (see FIG. 1 (f)).

Here, the diameter of the outer diameter portion of the cutting member 65 is d4.4, the outer diameter (large diameter) of the inclined recess 67 is d4.3, and the inner diameter (small diameter) is d4. .2 (see FIG. 2 (b)). Further, the thickness of the cutting member 65 is h4.1, and the depth of the concave portion 67 is h4.2. And the inclination | tilt angle (theta) ₂ of the recessed part 67 consists of an angle smaller than 60 degree | times.

  Moreover, the diameter d4.1 of the part extruded in the extrusion process consists of about 4.0-4.5 mm, for example, The length of the extruded part is the length of the cutting member 65 cut | disconnected in the cutting process, or cutting | disconnection It depends on the thickness of the member 65.

  Next, the part in the recessed part 67 among the cutting members 65 is punched by the punching part 41 (punching process) (refer FIG.1 (g)). As a result, a washer 70 having a chamfered inner diameter portion 71 is generated. Note that the punched punch is blown into the hollow of the female die 42.

  Next, the burr of the washer 70 generated by the barrel polishing unit is removed, and the scale (oxide film) on the surface of the generated washer 70 is removed by the scale removing unit.

  According to the present embodiment, by a single washer manufacturing device comprising a plastic working machine such as a nut former, a cutting process, an end face correction process, a preforming process, an upsetting process, and a punching process (in addition to these, a mounting process) Therefore, the inner diameter 71 of the washer 70 can be chamfered without cutting or grinding, and the inner diameter 71 can be chamfered at low cost without using another device as in the prior art. A washer 70 can be generated. In addition, since the inner diameter portion 71 of the washer 70 is chamfered in this way, the washer 70 interferes with the round (roundness) formed at the joint portion between the bolt seat surface and the shaft portion, and the bolt is loosened. This can also be prevented.

  In addition, since the washer 70 is generated by plastic working, the washer 70 is work-hardened, and the strength can be improved from 1.2 times to 1.4 times the strength of the wire 60 as a raw material. . For this reason, the washer 70 which can be used also for high intensity | strength clamping can be produced | generated.

  Further, in the present embodiment, as described above, an excessive portion of the cutting member 65 is taken out of the upsetting member 30 from the opening 38 and finally punched (see FIGS. 1F and 1G). ). For this reason, even if the size of the cutting member 65 varies in the cutting process, the washer 70 having a predetermined size can be reliably generated.

  Further, the washer 95 is not generated by punching from the flat iron plate 90 by press working as in the prior art (see FIG. 3), but according to the present embodiment, the washer 70 and the wire 60 have a predetermined length. Therefore, the yield of the material can be increased from about 50% to about 80%. In general, since the price of the wire 60 is lower than that of the flat plate, the material cost for generating the washer 70 can be reduced by about 30% in combination with the improvement of the yield.

  Further, in the present embodiment, before performing the upsetting process, it is preliminarily pressed and molded in the pre-forming step, so that the shape of the finally generated washer 70 can be made more surely uniform. .

  Further, in the present embodiment, the cutting member 65 is inverted between the preforming step and the upsetting step. However, by inverting the cutting member 65 in this manner, a washer generated on the basis of a rule of thumb. It is preferable in that the flatness of 70 can be improved.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the pre-recess 66 is formed in advance only on the other end side of the cutting member 65 (the upper end side in FIG. 1 (d) and the lower end side in FIG. 1 (e)) in the preforming step. However, by forming such a pre-recess 66, it is possible to perform punching in the punching process with high accuracy and to make the inclination of the inner diameter portion 71 of the washer 70 smooth. Is preferable.

  In addition, the washer 70 produced | generated as mentioned above is used for fastening with a volt | bolt, and can be used for various things, such as a motor vehicle and a building. In this regard, when the washer 70 having the chamfered inner diameter portion 71 is generated, the cost becomes high, but the practicality becomes poor. According to the present embodiment, the wire 60 is used as a material, and a nut former or the like is used. Since a cutting process, an end face correction process, a preforming process, an upsetting process, and a punching process are performed by a single washer manufacturing device that is made of a plastic working machine, the cost for generating a washer 70 with a chamfered inner diameter portion 71 is produced. Is excellent in that it can be kept low.

As an example embodiment, the outer diameter of the washer 70 is made of 16 mm, it will be described taking the case of producing a washer 70 whose thickness is from 1.6 mm.

  First, a wire 60 having a diameter of 8.8 mm was prepared. Next, a cutting member 65 having a length of 6.3 mm was generated by the cutting unit 10 (cutting step) (see FIGS. 1A and 1B).

  Next, the lower end side (one end side) of the cutting member 65 was placed in the first placement portion 17. Thereafter, the upper end side (the other end side) of the cutting member 65 whose lower end side was placed in the die was pressed by the pressing portion 16 (end surface correction step) (see FIG. 1C). At this time, the height h2 of the cutting member 65 was 6.0 mm.

  Next, the lower end side (one end side) of the cutting member 65 was placed in the second placement portion 22 (placement step). Thereafter, the preliminary upsetting member 21 pressed the upper end side (the other end side) of the cutting member 65 whose lower end side was placed in the second placement portion 22 (preliminary molding step) (see FIG. 1D). ).

  At this time, the height h3.1 of the cutting member 65 was 4.5 mm, and h3.2 was 1.0 mm. Moreover, the diameter d3.3 of the part (part pressed by the preliminary upsetting member 21) located above the 2nd mounting part 22 among the cutting members 65 becomes 10.7 mm, and the diameter d3.2 of the pre recessed part 66 is. Was 7.4 mm. The depth h3.3 of the pre-recess 66 is 0.5 mm (see FIG. 2A).

  Next, the cutting member 65 pressed in the pre-forming step was reversed 180 degrees (reversing step) by a reversing portion (not shown) (see FIG. 1E).

  Next, the cutting member 65 pressed in the pre-forming step was pressed by the upsetting member 30 to be plastically processed (upsetting step) (see FIG. 1F). Here, the diameter d4.4 of the outer diameter portion of the cutting member 65 is 16 mm, the small diameter (small diameter) d4.2 of the concave portion 67 is 7.4 mm, and the diameter d4.1 of the extruded portion is 4.0 mm. The depth h4.2 of the concave portion 67 was 1.7 mm (see FIG. 2B).

  Next, the punching portion 41 punched out the portion in the recess 67 (portion inside the small diameter) of the cutting member 65 (punching step) (see FIG. 1G). At this time, the inner diameter d5 of the washer 70 was 7.35 mm (see FIG. 2C).

  Finally, the burr of the washer 70 generated by the barrel polishing unit is removed, and the scale (oxide film) on the surface of the generated washer 70 is removed by the scale removing unit, so that the outer diameter is 16 mm. The final washer 70 was produced (consisting of 1.6 mm in thickness).

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cutting part 16 Press part 17 1st mounting part 21 Preliminary upsetting member 22 2nd mounting part (mounting part)
26 Preliminary convex shaped part 30 Upsetting member (upsetting member)
31 Upper upsetting member 32 Lower upsetting members 36 and 37 Convex shaped portion 38 Opening portion 41 Punching portion 42 Female die 60 Wire material 65 Cutting member 66 Pre-recessed portion 67 Recessed portion 70 Washer 71 Inner diameter portion of washer

Claims (6)

In a washer manufacturing method for manufacturing a washer,
A cutting step of generating a cutting member by cutting a wire with a predetermined length;
An upsetting step of chamfering the outer edge of the concave portion while forming the circular concave portion on one end surface and the other end surface of the cutting member by pressing the cutting member with the upsetting member;
A punching step of punching out a portion in the recess of the cutting member;
A washer manufacturing method comprising: A placing step of placing one end of the cutting member on the placing portion;
A pre-forming step of pressing the other end side of the cutting member placed on the placement portion by the preliminary upsetting member on one end side,
The washer manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the upsetting step is performed after the preforming step.   The washer manufacturing method according to claim 2, further comprising a reversing step of reversing the cutting member pressed in the preforming step by 180 degrees before the upsetting step.   4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising an end surface correcting step that is performed before the upsetting step and flattens one end of the cutting member generated in the cutting step. 5. Washer manufacturing method.   The said upsetting process has the extrusion process which extends the approximate center of the one end surface or the other end surface of the said cutting member along the normal line direction of this one end surface or this other end surface, The any one of Claim 1 thru | or 4 characterized by the above-mentioned. The washer manufacturing method according to claim 1. In a washer manufacturing device for manufacturing a washer,
A cutting part that cuts the wire with a predetermined length to generate a cutting member;
By pressing the cutting member, a circular recess is formed on one end surface and the other end surface of the cutting member, and an upsetting member that chamfers the outer edge of the recess;
A punching portion for punching out a portion in the recess of the cutting member;
A washer manufacturing apparatus comprising:

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