JP2011007182A - SiMo DUCTILE CAST IRON FOR GAS TURBINE - Google Patents
SiMo DUCTILE CAST IRON FOR GAS TURBINE Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 241001168730 Simo Species 0.000 title description 8
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、経済性とサプライヤー選択性に優れたガスタービン用ダクタイル鉄に関する。 The present invention relates to a ductile iron for gas turbines that is excellent in economy and supplier selectivity.
現在、高温（３７０℃超）で作動するガスタービンケーシングは合金鋼の鋳造品又は製品に限られている。ガスタービンは、ピーク負荷をカバーするため非定常運転に耐えなければならない。そのため、ガスタービン部品には熱応力及び機械的応力が加わる。従って、ガスタービンケーシングは高温環境及び繰返し温度サイクルに耐えることができなければならない。高温でのガスタービンケーシング材料の強度は高くなければならない。現在、ガスタービンケーシング用の合金鋼鋳造品はこれらの要件を満足する。しかし、合金鋼製のガスタービンケーシングは製造コストがかかり、サプライヤーの数も限られている。 Currently, gas turbine casings operating at high temperatures (above 370 ° C.) are limited to alloy steel castings or products. Gas turbines must withstand unsteady operation to cover peak loads. Therefore, thermal stress and mechanical stress are applied to the gas turbine component. Therefore, the gas turbine casing must be able to withstand high temperature environments and repeated temperature cycles. The strength of the gas turbine casing material at high temperatures must be high. Currently, alloy steel castings for gas turbine casings meet these requirements. However, alloy steel gas turbine casings are expensive to manufacture and the number of suppliers is limited.
従来のフェライト系ダクタイル鉄は合金鋼よりも安価であるが、特性の組合せが適切でなく、最新ガスタービン圧縮機排気及びタービンシェルケーシングには使用されていない。ケイ素及びモリブデン含有量の高い鉄が、ある種の自動車用途、典型的には排気マニホルドに使用されている。これらの鉄はＳｉＭｏ鉄と呼ばれる。しかし、これらの鉄は概して低温で脆性であり、割れを起こし易い。さらに、これらの材料は高温で所要の靱性を有していない。かかる材料の具体例は、米国特許出願公開第２００８／００９２９９５号、国際公開第２００６／１２１８２６号、米国特許第６５０８９８１号及び欧州特許出願公開第１７２４３７０号に記載されている。 Conventional ferritic ductile iron is less expensive than alloy steel, but does not have the right combination of properties and is not used in modern gas turbine compressor exhaust and turbine shell casings. Iron with a high silicon and molybdenum content is used in certain automotive applications, typically in exhaust manifolds. These irons are called SiMo iron. However, these irons are generally brittle at low temperatures and prone to cracking. Furthermore, these materials do not have the required toughness at high temperatures. Specific examples of such materials are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0092995, International Publication No. 2006/121826, U.S. Patent No. 6,508,981 and European Patent Application No. 1724370.
ケーシングの大きさが増すと、鋼鋳造物からのガスタービンケーシングの製造コストは増す。さらに、こうした大きな鋼鋳造物を製造できる現在の供給元は小さい。 As the size of the casing increases, the cost of manufacturing a gas turbine casing from a steel casting increases. Furthermore, the current suppliers that can produce such large steel castings are small.
本発明の実施形態には、ダクタイル鉄製のガスタービンケーシングであって、ダクタイル鉄が、約２．８〜３．７重量％の炭素、約３．０〜３．５重量％のケイ素、約０．８〜１．５重量％のモリブデン、約０．０２５〜０．６０重量％のマグネシウム、約０．０１重量％未満のイオウ、約０．０〜１．３重量％のニッケル、及び残部の鉄を含むガスタービンケーシングが包含される。 An embodiment of the present invention includes a ductile iron gas turbine casing, wherein the ductile iron is about 2.8-3.7 wt% carbon, about 3.0-3.5 wt% silicon, about 0 .8-1.5 wt.% Molybdenum, about 0.025-0.60 wt.% Magnesium, less than about 0.01 wt.% Sulfur, about 0.0-1.3 wt.% Nickel, and the balance A gas turbine casing comprising iron is included.
本発明の実施形態には、ダクタイル鉄製のガスタービンケーシングであって、ダクタイル鉄が、約２．８〜３．７重量％の炭素、約３．０〜３．５重量％のケイ素、約０．８〜１．５重量％のモリブデン、約０．０２５〜０．６０重量％のマグネシウム、０．０１重量％未満のイオウ、約０．０〜１．３重量％のニッケル、０．０５重量％未満のリン、０．０５重量％未満のチタン、約０．０５重量％未満のバナジウム、０．０５重量％未満のスズ、約０．１０重量％未満のアルミニウム、約０．１０重量％未満の銅、約０．１０重量％未満のクロム、約０．１５重量％未満のマンガン、及び残部の鉄を含むガスタービンケーシングも包含される。 An embodiment of the present invention includes a ductile iron gas turbine casing, wherein the ductile iron is about 2.8-3.7 wt% carbon, about 3.0-3.5 wt% silicon, about 0 .8 to 1.5 wt.% Molybdenum, about 0.025 to 0.60 wt.% Magnesium, less than 0.01 wt.% Sulfur, about 0.0 to 1.3 wt.% Nickel, 0.05 wt. Less than 0.05% phosphorus, less than 0.05% titanium, less than about 0.05% vanadium, less than 0.05% tin, less than about 0.10% aluminum, less than about 0.10% by weight Also included are gas turbine casings that contain less than about 0.10 wt.% Chromium, less than about 0.15 wt.% Manganese, and the balance iron.
また、本発明の実施形態には、部品の製造方法も包含される。本方法は、炭素、ケイ素、マグネシウム、イオウ、ニッケル、及び残部の鉄を含むダクタイル鉄を溶融して溶湯を形成することを含む。溶湯に、接種剤及び処理合金を加える。モリブデンを溶湯に加える。溶湯を鋳造して部品を形成する。部品は、約２．８〜３．７重量％の炭素、約３．０〜３．５重量％のケイ素、約０．８〜１．５重量％のモリブデン、約０．０２５〜０．６０重量％のマグネシウム、約０．０１重量％未満のイオウ、約０．０〜１．３重量％のニッケル、及び残部の鉄を含む。 The embodiment of the present invention also includes a method for manufacturing a component. The method includes melting ductile iron including carbon, silicon, magnesium, sulfur, nickel, and the balance iron to form a melt. Inoculum and treated alloy are added to the melt. Add molybdenum to the melt. Casting molten metal to form parts. The component is about 2.8-3.7 wt% carbon, about 3.0-3.5 wt% silicon, about 0.8-1.5 wt% molybdenum, about 0.025-0.60. Contains magnesium by weight, less than about 0.01 weight percent sulfur, about 0.0-1.3 weight percent nickel, and the balance iron.
本発明の上記その他の特徴、態様及び利点については、図面と併せて以下の詳細な説明を参照することによって理解を深めることができるであろう。 These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention may be better understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:
ケイ素及びモリブデンを大量に合金添加することによって、ダクタイル鉄の高温強度、疲労及びクリープ挙動を改良することができる。これらの鉄は一般にＳｉＭｏ鉄として分類され、ターボチャージャーハウジング及び排気マニホルドのような自動車用途に広く使用されている。 By alloying silicon and molybdenum in large quantities, the high temperature strength, fatigue and creep behavior of ductile iron can be improved. These irons are generally classified as SiMo iron and are widely used in automotive applications such as turbocharger housings and exhaust manifolds.
ダクタイル鉄は、通常は、圧縮機排気ケーシング又はタービンシェルのような高温ガスタービンケーシング用途の設計要件を満足しない。ガスタービンケーシングには一般に合金鋼が使用される。 Ductile iron typically does not meet design requirements for hot gas turbine casing applications such as compressor exhaust casings or turbine shells. Generally, alloy steel is used for the gas turbine casing.
モリブデン及びケイ素の合金添加によって従来のフェライト系ダクタイル鉄よりも高温性能の向上したダクタイル鉄が提供される。ケイ素及びモリブデン添加量は、十分な低温靭性を保持したまま、妥当な高温特性が達成されるように調和される。 The addition of molybdenum and silicon alloys provides ductile iron with improved high temperature performance over conventional ferritic ductile iron. Silicon and molybdenum additions are harmonized to achieve reasonable high temperature properties while maintaining sufficient low temperature toughness.
肉厚ダクタイル鉄における標準的なケイ素レベルは通例２．０〜２．２重量％である。今回、ケイ素含有量を２．８〜３．５重量％に増すと、室温〜約４００℃での引張強さが実質的に増大することが判明した。０．５重量％モリブデンのダクタイル鉄の等温クリープ性能は従来のダクタイル鉄よりも実質的に優れている。高温強度はクリープ耐性の指標である。耐クリープ性能の改善は、Ｍｏ含有量を０．８〜１．５重量％に増大させたときに最大となる。Ｓｉ及びＭｏを上記の重量百分率で使用することによって、ガスタービンケーシングに適した特性を有するダクタイル鉄が得られる。 The standard silicon level in thick ductile iron is typically 2.0-2.2% by weight. This time, it has been found that increasing the silicon content to 2.8-3.5 wt% substantially increases the tensile strength from room temperature to about 400 ° C. The isothermal creep performance of 0.5 wt% molybdenum ductile iron is substantially superior to conventional ductile iron. High temperature strength is an indicator of creep resistance. The improvement in creep resistance is maximized when the Mo content is increased from 0.8 to 1.5% by weight. By using Si and Mo in the above weight percentage, ductile iron having characteristics suitable for a gas turbine casing can be obtained.
本発明の実施形態で使用するダクタイル鉄は、約２．８〜３．７重量％の炭素、約３．０〜３．５重量％のケイ素、約０．８〜１．５重量％のモリブデン及び約０．０〜１．３重量％のニッケルを含んでおり、残部は鉄である。これらの４成分はガスタービンケーシング要件を満足するダクタイル鉄を得るのに臨界的重要性をもつ。高温での引張強さ及び低サイクル疲労（ＬＣＦ）性能は、高温脆性の発生によって決定される。０．０１重量％未満のイオウで適切な特性を有するＳｉＭｏダクタイル鉄を得るため、マグネシウムは０．０２５〜０．６０重量％に保たなければならない。この範囲外のマグネシウム添加量では一般に機械的挙動の不適切な鉄が生ずる。上記成分に加えて、以下の微量成分が許容される。すなわち、０．０５重量％未満のリン、０．０５重量％未満のチタン、０．０５重量％未満のバナジウム、０．０５重量％未満のスズ、０．１０重量％未満のアルミニウム、０．１０重量％未満の銅、０．１０重量％未満のクロム及び０．１５重量％未満のマンガンである。一実施形態では、ＳｉＭｏダクタイル鉄のタングステン含有量は０．０５重量％未満である。 Ductile iron used in embodiments of the present invention comprises about 2.8-3.7 wt% carbon, about 3.0-3.5 wt% silicon, about 0.8-1.5 wt% molybdenum. And about 0.0 to 1.3 weight percent nickel with the balance being iron. These four components are of critical importance in obtaining ductile iron that satisfies the gas turbine casing requirements. High temperature tensile strength and low cycle fatigue (LCF) performance are determined by the occurrence of high temperature brittleness. In order to obtain SiMo ductile iron with suitable properties with less than 0.01% by weight of magnesium, the magnesium must be kept between 0.025 and 0.60% by weight. Magnesium additions outside this range generally result in iron with inadequate mechanical behavior. In addition to the above components, the following trace components are acceptable. Less than 0.05 wt% phosphorus, less than 0.05 wt% titanium, less than 0.05 wt% vanadium, less than 0.05 wt% tin, less than 0.10 wt% aluminum, 0.10 Less than wt% copper, less than 0.10 wt% chromium and less than 0.15 wt% manganese. In one embodiment, the tungsten content of the SiMo ductile iron is less than 0.05% by weight.
モリブデンに富む共晶相は、機械的性質、特に伸び及び靭性を損なうおそれがある。モリブデンが共晶相、金属間化合物相又は金属炭化物相の形態でセル境界に強く分配されるのは避けられない。しかし、これらの相は、適切な接種及びチル処理その他の鋳造における慣用手段を実施することによって許容レベルまで低減させることができる。 The eutectic phase rich in molybdenum can impair mechanical properties, particularly elongation and toughness. It is inevitable that molybdenum is strongly distributed at the cell boundaries in the form of eutectic phase, intermetallic phase or metal carbide phase. However, these phases can be reduced to acceptable levels by implementing appropriate inoculation and chilling and other conventional means in casting.
ＳｉＭｏダクタイル鉄の製造方法を図１に示す。段階１０では、鉄その他の成分を溶融させる。上記の生成物化学組成は溶湯の化学組成とは同一ではない。初期液体溶湯に付随した損失があるので、最終的な溶湯化学組成は初期溶湯化学組成とは異なる。段階１１では、通常の接種剤及び処理合金を溶湯に添加する。段階１２では、モリブデン合金を溶湯に添加する。段階１３では、溶湯を鋳造して部品を形成する。ＳｉＭｏ鉄では高レベルのドロスが付随ので、鋳造に際してそのレベルを見込んでおく必要がある。また、部材の収縮率が高く、供給特性が低いのが典型的である。靭性を向上させ、鋳造時の取扱いの際の割れ中に亀裂が入るのを防ぐために、段階１４の熱処理又はフェライト化焼鈍が概して必要とされる。 A method for producing SiMo ductile iron is shown in FIG. In step 10, iron and other components are melted. The product chemical composition described above is not the same as the chemical composition of the melt. Due to the losses associated with the initial liquid melt, the final melt chemical composition is different from the initial melt chemical composition. In step 11, the usual inoculum and treatment alloy are added to the melt. In step 12, a molybdenum alloy is added to the melt. In step 13, the molten metal is cast to form a part. Since SiMo iron is accompanied by a high level of dross, it is necessary to anticipate that level during casting. Also, the member typically has a high shrinkage rate and low supply characteristics. Step 14 heat treatment or ferritization annealing is generally required to improve toughness and prevent cracking during cracking during casting handling.
鋳造材料に対する典型的な熱処理又はフェライト化焼鈍工程は以下の通りである。鋳造部材を少なくとも７時間９００℃に保持する。部材を７２０℃まで冷却して少なくとも２時間保持する。部品を６９０℃に冷却して少なくとも８時間保持する。 A typical heat treatment or ferritic annealing process for the cast material is as follows. The cast member is held at 900 ° C. for at least 7 hours. The member is cooled to 720 ° C. and held for at least 2 hours. Cool the part to 690 ° C. and hold for at least 8 hours.
フェライト化焼鈍工程ではなく、応力除去焼鈍を鋳造部材に実施することができる。応力除去焼鈍は、約６５０〜７５０℃で、肉厚最大の断面の厚さ１インチ当たり１時間行われる。 Instead of the ferritic annealing step, stress relief annealing can be performed on the cast member. The stress relief annealing is performed at about 650 to 750 ° C. for 1 hour per inch of the thickness of the maximum wall thickness.
接種剤は、準安定炭化物の代わりにグラファイトの形成を促進するために必要とされる。接種剤は、グラファイト形成のための不均質核生成部位（種晶）となる。接種剤の主要成分はケイ素である。鋳造グレードのフェロシリコン（７５重量％Ｓｉ）が接種剤として多用される。典型的な市販の接種剤は高レベルのケイ素に加えて様々なレベルのカルシウム、ゲルマニウム、ストロンチウム、及び希土類元素（肉厚の鉄での他の有益な特性のためにセリウムが最も一般的である）を含有する。接種剤は、大型ダクタイル鋳鉄の製造では複数回添加されることが多い。適切な接種剤は多くの供給元から入手可能である。 Inoculum is required to promote the formation of graphite instead of metastable carbides. The inoculum becomes a heterogeneous nucleation site (seed crystal) for the formation of graphite. The main component of the inoculum is silicon. Casting grade ferrosilicon (75 wt% Si) is frequently used as an inoculum. Typical commercial inoculants are the most common for high levels of silicon plus various levels of calcium, germanium, strontium, and rare earth elements (other beneficial properties in thick iron) ). Inoculum is often added multiple times in the production of large ductile cast iron. Suitable inoculants are available from many sources.
図１の段階１１で、通常の処理合金が溶湯に添加される。処理（改質ともいう）は、フレークではなく球状グラファイトを生成させるために必要である。処理はほぼ純粋なＭｇの粉体（Ｇｅｏｒｇｅ Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒコンバータ）の形態であってもよいし、多くの場合はＭｇ含有合金（多くの場合ニッケルとの合金）の形態である。 In step 11 of FIG. 1, a normal processing alloy is added to the melt. Treatment (also called modification) is necessary to produce spherical graphite rather than flakes. The treatment may be in the form of a nearly pure Mg powder (George Fischer converter) or in many cases in the form of an Mg-containing alloy (often an alloy with nickel).
凝固中に収縮が起こる。方向性凝固を促進して鋳造物の重要な部分での巨視的な収縮多孔性を制限すべく、チル処理（熱除去用の大きな鋳鉄ブロックの戦略的な配置）を利用する。これらのチルの大きさ、タイプ、数及び配置は、ＳｉＭｏ鉄に付随する低下した供給及び収縮レベルのために、これらの鉄では一段と重要性を増す。 Shrinkage occurs during solidification. Chilling (a strategic arrangement of large cast iron blocks for heat removal) is utilized to promote directional solidification and limit macroscopic shrinkage porosity in critical parts of the casting. The size, type, number and arrangement of these chills are even more important with these irons due to the reduced supply and shrinkage levels associated with SiMo iron.
重要な部分での大きな収縮孔を防ぐように溶融金属を供給するにはライザー（フィーダー）が必要である。これらのライザーは、収縮を起こし易い領域（例えば、厚肉部から薄肉部への形状移行部への供給は困難である）に配置されることが多い。一般的な鋳造慣行では、鋳造性が減少するとライザー間の距離を減少させる必要がある。また、鋳造性が減少したときには、大型のライザー及びライザー首部が使用されることが多い。合金の鋳造性が低下する場合、鋳込温度の調整も一般的である。 A riser (feeder) is required to supply the molten metal to prevent large shrinkage holes in critical areas. These risers are often arranged in a region that tends to shrink (for example, it is difficult to supply the shape transition portion from the thick portion to the thin portion). In general casting practice, it is necessary to reduce the distance between risers as castability decreases. Also, when castability is reduced, large risers and riser necks are often used. When the castability of the alloy is lowered, the adjustment of the casting temperature is also common.
本明細書における「第１」、「第２」などの用語は順序、数量又は重要性を意味するものではなく、ある構成要素を他の構成要素から区別するために用いられる。単数形で記載したものであっても、数を限定するものではなく、そのものが少なくとも１つ存在することを意味する。数量に用いられる「約」という修飾語は、記載の数値を含み、文脈毎に決まる意味をもつ（例えば、特定の数量の測定に付随する誤差範囲を含む）。本明細書に開示した範囲はすべてその上下限を含み、独立に結合可能である（例えば、「約２５重量％以下、具体的には約５〜約２０重量％」という範囲は、「約５〜２５重量％」の上下限とその範囲内のすべての中間値を含む）。 Terms such as “first”, “second”, etc. herein do not imply order, quantity or importance, but are used to distinguish one component from another. Even when described in the singular, the number is not limited, but means that at least one exists. The modifier “about” used in quantities includes the stated numerical value and has a meaning that depends on the context (eg, includes an error range associated with the measurement of a particular quantity). All ranges disclosed herein include upper and lower limits and are independently combinable (eg, a range of “about 25 wt% or less, specifically about 5 to about 20 wt%” Including the upper and lower limits of ˜25 wt% and all intermediate values within that range)
本発明を好ましい実施形態に関して説明してきたが、本発明の範囲を逸脱することなく、その要素を様々に変化させることができ、均等物で置換することができることは当業者には明らかであろう。さらに、特定の状況又は材料に適応させるために、その本質的範囲から逸脱することなく、本発明の教示に多くの修正を行うことができる。したがって、本発明は、本発明を実施するための最良の形態として開示された特定の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明は特許請求の範囲に属するあらゆる実施形態を包含する。 While the invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the elements can be variously changed and replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. . In addition, many modifications may be made to the teachings of the invention to adapt to a particular situation or material without departing from its essential scope. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment disclosed as the best mode for carrying out the present invention, and the present invention encompasses all embodiments belonging to the claims.
Claims (19)
接種剤及び処理合金を溶湯に添加し、
モリブデンを溶湯に添加し、
溶湯を鋳造して、約２．８〜３．７重量％の炭素、約３．０〜３．５重量％のケイ素、約０．８〜１．５重量％のモリブデン、約０．０２５〜０．６０重量％のマグネシウム、０．０１重量％未満のイオウ、約０．０〜１．３重量％のニッケル及び残部の鉄を含む部品を形成する
ことを含む、部品の製造方法。 Melt ductile iron containing carbon, magnesium, sulfur, nickel and the balance iron to form a molten metal,
Add inoculum and processing alloy to molten metal,
Add molybdenum to the melt,
Cast the melt to about 2.8-3.7% carbon, about 3.0-3.5% silicon, about 0.8-1.5% molybdenum, about 0.025% A method of manufacturing a part comprising forming a part comprising 0.60 wt% magnesium, less than 0.01 wt% sulfur, about 0.0-1.3 wt% nickel and the balance iron.
部品を９００℃に少なくとも７時間保持し、
部品を７２０℃に冷却して少なくとも２時間保持し、
部品を６９０℃に冷却して少なくとも８時間保持する
ことを含む、請求項８記載の方法。 The annealing is
Hold the part at 900 ° C. for at least 7 hours,
Cool the part to 720 ° C and hold for at least 2 hours,
The method of claim 8, comprising cooling the part to 690 ° C. and holding for at least 8 hours.
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| US12/489,872 US20100322813A1 (en) | 2009-06-23 | 2009-06-23 | SiMo DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS IN GAS TURBINE APPLICATIONS |
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| US (1) | US20100322813A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2267174A3 (en) |
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| JP2012202405A (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-10-22 | General Electric Co <Ge> | Cast turbine casing and nozzle diaphragm preform |
| JP2014105342A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-09 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Spheroidal graphite cast iron excellent in high temperature ductility and high temperature creep rupture life and production method thereof |
| CN104313452A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-28 | 北京工业大学 | Carbide-containing austempered wear-resistant ductile iron and preparation method thereof |
| CN111926240A (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2020-11-13 | 湖北星源科技有限公司 | High-strength and high-elongation nodular cast iron alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| JP2012202405A (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-10-22 | General Electric Co <Ge> | Cast turbine casing and nozzle diaphragm preform |
| JP2014105342A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-09 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Spheroidal graphite cast iron excellent in high temperature ductility and high temperature creep rupture life and production method thereof |
| CN104313452A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-28 | 北京工业大学 | Carbide-containing austempered wear-resistant ductile iron and preparation method thereof |
| CN111926240A (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2020-11-13 | 湖北星源科技有限公司 | High-strength and high-elongation nodular cast iron alloy and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP2267174A3 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
| US20100322813A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
| EP2267174A2 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
| RU2010125395A (en) | 2011-12-27 |
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