JP2011000145A - Hollow fiber blood purification membrane and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Hollow fiber blood purification membrane and method of manufacturing the same Download PDF

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JP2011000145A
JP2011000145A JP2009142926A JP2009142926A JP2011000145A JP 2011000145 A JP2011000145 A JP 2011000145A JP 2009142926 A JP2009142926 A JP 2009142926A JP 2009142926 A JP2009142926 A JP 2009142926A JP 2011000145 A JP2011000145 A JP 2011000145A
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hollow fiber
blood purification
purification membrane
hydrophobic polymer
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JP2011000145A5 (en
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Michiharu Nakao
通治 中尾
Kiyohide Hayashi
清秀 林
Toshiaki Chiba
敏昭 千葉
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Nikkiso Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hollow fiber blood purification membrane for removing uremic toxin, simultaneously adsorbing inflammatory cells of activated leukocytes, platelets, or the like to a blood contact surface and removing them from blood during blood purification treatment, and a method of manufacturing the hollow fiber blood purification membrane.SOLUTION: The hollow fiber blood purification membrane is a hollow fiber containing at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins, the center line average roughness Ra value of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber is not less than 3 nm and less than 10 nm, an uneven surface which has a ten-point average roughness Rz in the range of not less than 20 nm and not more than 100 nm is provided, the coagulation value of the at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins is not less than 1mL and not more than 15mL, and a difference between the coagulation values of the two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins is not less than 1mL.

Description

本発明は、中空糸状血液浄化膜及び中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a hollow fiber blood purification membrane and a method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane.

血液透析患者の数は、年々増加しており、2005年末には26万人弱に達している。血液透析患者に対しては、多孔質膜を中空状に紡糸した血液浄化膜を、例えば1万本程度束ねてケーシング内に装填した血液浄化装置を用いて人工透析療法が施される(例えば、特許文献1参照)。また、この血液透析患者の増加とともに、長期透析の例も増加しており、透析技術の進歩により長期生存が可能となる一方、心血管系合併症も増加してきている。   The number of hemodialysis patients is increasing year by year, reaching nearly 260,000 at the end of 2005. For hemodialysis patients, artificial dialysis therapy is performed using a blood purification device in which about 10,000 blood purification membranes obtained by spinning a porous membrane into a hollow shape and bundled in a casing (for example, Patent Document 1). As the number of hemodialysis patients increases, the number of cases of long-term dialysis is also increasing, and long-term survival is possible due to advances in dialysis techniques, while cardiovascular complications are also increasing.

現在、心血管系合併症は、血液透析患者における罹患率および死亡率の主な原因となっており、例えば日本の血液透析患者の死亡原因のうち、心不全、脳血管障害、心筋梗塞が全体の半数近くを占めることから、心血管系合併症は、血液透析患者の生命予後に大きな影響を及ぼしていると言われている。   At present, cardiovascular complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. For example, heart failure, cerebrovascular disorder, myocardial infarction are all causes of death in hemodialysis patients in Japan. Since it accounts for nearly half, cardiovascular complications are said to have a significant impact on the prognosis of hemodialysis patients.

また、動脈硬化の指標である大動脈脈波伝播速度(aortic pulse wave velocity:PWV)が大きくなっている症例では、炎症反応の急性期指標の一つであるCRP(C−反応性蛋白質)が高い値を示す傾向がある(非特許文献1を参照)。一方、血液透析患者において明らかな感染症がない場合であっても、上記CRPの値は上昇する傾向があることが知られている。また、CRPの上昇傾向と動脈硬化との因果関係は明らかではないが、血液透析患者において、慢性的な炎症状態と心血管系合併症との間に何らかの因果関係が存在すると考えられている。   In cases where the aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is an index of arteriosclerosis, is high, CRP (C-reactive protein), which is one of the acute phase indices of inflammatory reaction, is high. There is a tendency to show a value (see Non-Patent Document 1). On the other hand, it is known that the CRP value tends to increase even when there is no obvious infection in hemodialysis patients. In addition, although the causal relationship between CRP elevation and arteriosclerosis is not clear, it is believed that some kind of causal relationship exists between chronic inflammatory conditions and cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients.

一方、近年、炎症性腸疾患(例えば、漬瘍性大腸炎、クローン病など)や関節リウマチなどの自己免疫疾患の治療に使用されている白血球吸着器は、血液中の活性化した白血球を吸着除去することにより炎症状態を抑制し、高い治療効果が得られることが分かっている。この詳細な作用機序について明らかではないが、活性化した白血球成分(特に好中球などの顆粒球)を除去することにより、骨髄より幼弱且つ活性化の低い細胞が放出され、これらの細胞が傷害を受けた組織の修復にあたると、いわれている(非特許文献2を参照)。また、これらの白血球吸着器は、白血球だけでなく、血小板もかなりの割合で吸着除去していると、いわれている。また、血小板は、それ自身もサイトカイン、ケモカインの放出能をもっているばかりでなく、白血球の凝集を形成することにより、活性酸素を放出するといわれており、血小板も炎症反応に関与しているものと考えられている。   On the other hand, leukocyte adsorbers used in recent years to treat autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (eg, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) and rheumatoid arthritis adsorb activated leukocytes in blood. It has been found that removal removes the inflammatory condition and provides a high therapeutic effect. Although it is not clear about this detailed mechanism of action, removal of activated leukocyte components (particularly granulocytes such as neutrophils) releases cells that are younger and less activated than the bone marrow, and these cells Is said to repair damaged tissue (see Non-Patent Document 2). Moreover, it is said that these leukocyte adsorbers adsorb and remove not only leukocytes but also platelets at a considerable rate. In addition, platelets are not only capable of releasing cytokines and chemokines themselves, but are said to release active oxygen by forming agglutination of leukocytes, and platelets are also considered to be involved in inflammatory reactions. It has been.

上述した白血球吸着器として、例えば、ビーズ状の吸着材として「アダカラム」(JIMRO社製)や、不織布状の吸着材として「セルソーバ」(旭化成クラレメディカル社製)等がある。上記「アダカラム」は、酢酸セルロースビーズに血液を接触させ、主に顆粒球の吸着を行うものであり、一方、上記「セルソーバ」は、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)製の不織布により血液を濾過し、リンパ球、顆粒球、血小板を除去するものであり、両者とも炎症性腸疾患や関節リウマチへの治療効果を発揮するものである。   Examples of the leukocyte adsorber described above include “Adacolumn” (manufactured by JIMRO) as a bead-shaped adsorbent, and “Celsorber” (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kuraray Medical) as a non-woven adsorbent. The “Adacolumn” is to bring blood into contact with cellulose acetate beads and mainly adsorb granulocytes. On the other hand, the “Cell Sorba” is a filter made by filtering blood with a non-woven fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). It removes spheres, granulocytes, and platelets, and both exert therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

特開2004−66233号公報JP 2004-66233 A

倉持元、他、「日本農村医学会雑誌」、社団法人 日本農村医学会、2004年1月、52巻5号、p.837−842Motokura Mochimo et al., “Journal of the Japanese Association of Rural Medicine”, Japan Rural Medical Association, January 2004, Vol. 52, No. 5, p. 837-842 柏木伸仁、他、「炎症と免疫」、先端医学社、1999年、7巻4号、p.371−377Nobuhito Kashiki, et al., “Inflammation and Immunity”, Advanced Medical Company, 1999, Vol. 7, No. 4, p. 371-377

上述した「アダカラム」(JIMRO社製)や「セルソーバ」(旭化成クラレメディカル社製)は、白血球等の炎症に関わる血球成分を吸着や濾過の原理を用いて除去するものであって、自己免疫疾患治療用デバイスである。   The above-mentioned “Adacolumn” (manufactured by JIMRO) and “Celsorber” (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kuraray Medical Co., Ltd.) remove blood cell components related to inflammation such as leukocytes using the principle of adsorption and filtration, and autoimmune diseases It is a therapeutic device.

したがって、上記「アダカラム」や「セルソーバ」は、尿素やクレアチニン、低分子量蛋白質(β2−ミクログロブリン)などの尿毒素を除去する血液透析治療用の透析器(ダイアライザー)に用いられることはない。このため、尿毒素と血球成分とを同時に除去することが可能な中空糸状血液浄化膜が望まれていた。   Therefore, the above-mentioned “adacolumn” or “cell soba” is not used for a hemodialysis treatment dialyzer (dialyzer) for removing uremic toxins such as urea, creatinine and low molecular weight protein (β2-microglobulin). For this reason, a hollow fiber blood purification membrane capable of simultaneously removing uremic toxins and blood cell components has been desired.

本発明は、血液浄化治療中に、尿素やクレアチニン、低分子量蛋白質(β2−ミクログロブリン)などの尿毒素を除去すると同時に、血液接触面に活性化した白血球や血小板等の炎症性細胞を吸着して血液から除去することにより、炎症性細胞が原因となって引き起こされる炎症状態を改善する中空糸状血液浄化膜及び中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention removes uremic toxins such as urea, creatinine, and low molecular weight protein (β2-microglobulin) during blood purification treatment, and simultaneously adsorbs inflammatory cells such as leukocytes and platelets activated on the blood contact surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hollow fiber blood purification membrane and a method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane that improve an inflammatory state caused by inflammatory cells by removing the blood from the blood.

本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、以下に示す本発明を完成するに至った。本願発明は、以下の特徴を有する。   As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have completed the present invention shown below. The present invention has the following features.

(I)少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を含有する中空糸であって、前記中空糸の血液接触表面の中心線平均粗さRa値が3nm以上、10nm未満であり、十点平均粗さRzが20nm以上、100nm以下の範囲にある凹凸表面を有する中空糸状血液浄化膜である。   (I) A hollow fiber containing at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins, the center line average roughness Ra value of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber being 3 nm or more and less than 10 nm, and the ten-point average roughness A hollow fiber blood purification membrane having an uneven surface with Rz in the range of 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

(II)少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価が1mL以上、15mL以下であり、且つ該二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価の差が1mL以上である上記(I)に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜である。   (II) The coagulation value of at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL or more and 15 mL or less, and the difference in coagulation value between the two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL or more. This is a hollow fiber blood purification membrane.

(III)前記中空糸状血液浄化膜は、以下に示す化学式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアリレート樹脂および化学式(2)または化学式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリスルホン系樹脂からなる群から選択される少なくとも二種の疎水性高分子樹脂を含有する上記(I)または(II)に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜である。
化学式(1)において、R1およびR2は炭素数が1〜5の低級アルキル基であり、R1およびR2はそれぞれ同一であっても相違していてもよい。
化学式(2)において、R3およびR4は炭素数が1〜5の低級アルキル基であり、R3およびR4はそれぞれ同一であっても相違していてもよい。
(III) The hollow fiber blood purification membrane includes a polyarylate resin having a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula (1) and a polysulfone resin having a repeating unit represented by the chemical formula (2) or chemical formula (3) The hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to the above (I) or (II), which contains at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins selected from the group consisting of:
In the chemical formula (1), R1 and R2 are lower alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R1 and R2 may be the same or different.
In the chemical formula (2), R3 and R4 are lower alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R3 and R4 may be the same or different.

(IV)血液中の尿毒素を除去する血液除去器に用いる上記(I)から(III)のいずれか1つに記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜である。   (IV) The hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to any one of (I) to (III), which is used in a blood remover that removes uremic toxins in blood.

(V)さらに血液中の白血球及び血小板の除去に用いられる上記(I)から(IV)のいずれか1つに記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜である。   (V) The hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to any one of (I) to (IV), which is further used for removing leukocytes and platelets in blood.

(VI)少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を含有する溶媒溶液を紡糸原液として紡糸される中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法であって、少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価が1mL以上、15mL以下であり、且つ該二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価の差が1mL以上である中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法である。   (VI) A method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane that is spun using a solvent solution containing at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins as a spinning stock solution, wherein the coagulation value of at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL The manufacturing method of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane is 15 mL or less and the difference in coagulation value between the two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL or more.

(VII)前記紡糸原液における少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の含有率は、10質量%以上、20質量%以下である上記(VI)に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法である。   (VII) The hollow fiber blood purification membrane production method according to the above (VI), wherein the content of at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins in the spinning dope is 10% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less.

(VIII)二重管紡糸金口を用いて、紡糸原液を内部凝固液とともに押し出し、外部凝固液の浴に落とし込むことにより中空糸状血液浄化膜を製造する中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法であって、前記内部凝固液および外部凝固液は、それぞれ紡糸原液に用いた溶媒と水とを予め定められた比率で混合された溶液であり、前記内部及び外部凝固液の温度が、0℃以上、10℃以下である上記(VI)または(VII)に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法である。   (VIII) A hollow fiber blood purification membrane production method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane by extruding a spinning stock solution together with an internal coagulation liquid using a double tube spinning nozzle and dropping it into a bath of an external coagulation liquid. The internal coagulating liquid and the external coagulating liquid are solutions in which the solvent used in the spinning stock solution and water are mixed at a predetermined ratio, and the temperature of the internal and external coagulating liquid is 0 ° C. or higher, 10 The method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to the above (VI) or (VII), which is not higher than ° C.

(IX)前記内部及び外部凝固液における有機溶媒の含有率が、50容量%以上、70容量%以下である上記(VI)から(VIII)のいずれか1つに記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法である。   (IX) The hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to any one of (VI) to (VIII) above, wherein the content of the organic solvent in the internal and external coagulation liquid is 50% by volume or more and 70% by volume or less. It is a manufacturing method.

本発明によれば、血液浄化治療中に、尿素やクレアチニン、低分子量蛋白質(β2−ミクログロブリン)などの尿毒素を除去すると同時に、血液接触面に活性化した白血球や血小板等の炎症性細胞を吸着して血液から除去することにより、血液透析患者において、いわゆる透析治療を行うとともに、炎症性細胞が原因となって引き起こされる炎症状態が改善される。   According to the present invention, uremic toxins such as urea, creatinine, and low molecular weight protein (β2-microglobulin) are removed during blood purification treatment, and at the same time, inflammatory cells such as leukocytes and platelets activated on the blood contact surface are removed. By adsorbing and removing from the blood, so-called dialysis treatment is performed in a hemodialysis patient, and the inflammatory state caused by inflammatory cells is improved.

本発明によれば、中空糸状血液浄化膜自体に、尿毒素除去に加え、活性化した白血球や血小板等の炎症性細胞を吸着除去する特性を有しているので、従来の血液浄化膜を用いた場合に比べ、別途血球除去用手段を設ける必要がない。   According to the present invention, since the hollow fiber blood purification membrane itself has the property of adsorbing and removing activated inflammatory cells such as leukocytes and platelets in addition to removing uremic toxins, the conventional blood purification membrane is used. It is not necessary to provide a separate means for removing blood cells as compared with the case where the blood cells are present.

中心線平均粗さRaの求め方を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining how to obtain | require centerline average roughness Ra. 十点平均粗さRzの求め方を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining how to obtain the ten-point average roughness Rz.

本発明の実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜及び中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法について、以下説明する。   The hollow fiber blood purification membrane and the method for producing the hollow fiber blood purification membrane in the embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

本発明の実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜は、少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を含有する中空糸であって、前記中空糸の血液接触表面の中心線平均粗さRa値が3nm以上、10nm未満であり、前記中空糸の血液接触表面の十点平均粗さRzが20nm以上、100nm以下の範囲にある凹凸表面を有する中空糸状血液浄化膜である。   The hollow fiber blood purification membrane in an embodiment of the present invention is a hollow fiber containing at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins, and the center line average roughness Ra value of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber is 3 nm or more The hollow fiber blood purification membrane having an uneven surface that is less than 10 nm and has a ten-point average roughness Rz of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber in the range of 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

次に、本実施の形態の中空糸状血液浄化膜として用いられる中空糸について、具体的に説明する。本実施の形態における中空糸の血液接触表面のRaを3nm以上、10nm未満とすることにより、血液浄化治療中に、尿素やクレアチニン、低分子量蛋白質(β2−ミクログロブリン)などの尿毒素を除去すると同時に、中空糸の血液接触面に活性化した白血球や血小板等の炎症性細胞が吸着し血液から除去されるので、炎症性細胞が原因となって引き起こされる炎症状態が改善される。   Next, the hollow fiber used as the hollow fiber blood purification membrane of the present embodiment will be specifically described. When the Ra of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber in the present embodiment is 3 nm or more and less than 10 nm, uremic toxins such as urea, creatinine, and low molecular weight protein (β2-microglobulin) are removed during blood purification treatment. At the same time, inflammatory cells such as leukocytes and platelets activated on the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber are adsorbed and removed from the blood, thereby improving the inflammatory state caused by the inflammatory cells.

ここで、中空糸状血液浄化膜としての中空糸の血液接触表面のRaを3nmより小さくすることは製造上困難である。一方、中空糸状血液浄化膜の中空糸の表面のRaが10nmより大きいと、血小板(大きさ2〜4μm)の吸着への寄与が減少する。中空糸状血液浄化膜の中空糸の表面のRaは、AFM(原子間力顕微鏡)により測定することができる。本実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜の中空糸の血液接触表面のRaの測定は、AFMとして、セイコーインスツルメンツ社製「SPA400」を用い、探針として「DMF SZDF20AL」(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製)を用い、AFMによる測定領域は1μm×1μmである。   Here, it is difficult in manufacturing to make the Ra of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber as the hollow fiber blood purification membrane smaller than 3 nm. On the other hand, if Ra on the surface of the hollow fiber of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane is larger than 10 nm, the contribution to the adsorption of platelets (size 2 to 4 μm) decreases. Ra of the surface of the hollow fiber of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane can be measured by an AFM (atomic force microscope). The measurement of Ra on the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane in this embodiment uses “SPA400” manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. as the AFM and “DMF SZDF20AL” (produced by Seiko Instruments Inc.) as the probe. Used, the measurement area by AFM is 1 μm × 1 μm.

また、上記中空糸の血液接触表面の表面粗さRaの範囲に加え、中空糸の血液接触表面の十点平均粗さRzを20nm以上、100nm以下とすることにより、血液浄化治療中に、尿素やクレアチニン、低分子量蛋白質(β2−ミクログロブリン)などの尿毒素を除去すると同時に、中空糸の血液接触面に活性化した白血球や血小板等の炎症性細胞をより吸着し、血液から除去することができるので、炎症性細胞が原因となって引き起こされる炎症状態がより改善される。   Further, in addition to the range of the surface roughness Ra of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber, the 10-point average roughness Rz of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber is set to 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less. Removes uremic toxins such as creatinine, low molecular weight protein (β2-microglobulin), and at the same time, adsorbs activated inflammatory cells such as leukocytes and platelets on the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber and removes them from the blood As a result, the inflammatory condition caused by inflammatory cells is further improved.

上述した表面粗さRaの値は、「中心線平均粗さRa」であり、図1に示すように、粗さ曲線からその平均線の方向に基準長l(エル)だけ抜き取り、この抜き取り部分の平均線から測定曲線までの偏差の絶対値を合計して、平均した値である。
The value of the surface roughness Ra described above is “centerline average roughness Ra”, and as shown in FIG. 1, only a reference length l (el) is extracted from the roughness curve in the direction of the average line. The absolute values of deviations from the average line to the measurement curve are summed and averaged.

一方、十点平均粗さRzの値は、図2に示すように、粗さ曲線から、その平均線の方向に基準長l(エル)を抜き取り、この抜き取り部分の平均線から、最も高い山頂から5番目までの山頂の標高(Yp)の絶対値の値と、最も低い谷底から5番目までの谷底の標高(Yv)の絶対値の平均値との和である。
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the 10-point average roughness Rz is obtained by extracting a reference length l (el) from the roughness curve in the direction of the average line and taking the highest peak from the average line of the extracted portion. Is the sum of the absolute value of the altitude (Yp) at the top of the mountain to the fifth and the average of the absolute values of the altitude (Yv) of the bottom from the lowest valley to the fifth.

中空糸状血液浄化膜の中空糸の血液接触表面の十点平均粗さRzを20nmより小さくすることは製造上困難である。また、Raは、上記定義から、平均線からの偏差すべての合計の平均値となり、平均から外れた深い谷や高い山は平均化される傾向にあるが、上記Rzは、最も深い谷から5番目の偏差の平均値と最も高い山から5番目の偏差の平均値の和であるため、特に深い谷や高い山を強調した値として表現される。さらに、Raは上述したように血球等の吸着に関与しているが、Rzは中空糸状血液浄化膜のいわゆる生体適合性に対してより関与している。特に、中空糸状血液浄化膜の血液接触表面のRzが100nmを超える場合には、中空糸状血液浄化膜の血液接触表面の局所的な深い谷や高い山において血液の流れに乱流が生じ、シェアストレス等の影響によって凝固系が活性化し、治療中の血液凝固や中空糸状血液浄化膜への残血の原因となる。   It is difficult in manufacturing to make the ten-point average roughness Rz of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane smaller than 20 nm. From the above definition, Ra is the average of all deviations from the average line, and deep valleys and high mountains that deviate from the average tend to be averaged. However, Rz is 5 from the deepest valley. Since it is the sum of the average value of the fifth deviation and the average value of the fifth deviation from the highest peak, it is expressed as a value that particularly emphasizes deep valleys and high peaks. Furthermore, Ra is involved in the adsorption of blood cells and the like as described above, but Rz is more involved in the so-called biocompatibility of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane. In particular, when the Rz of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane exceeds 100 nm, turbulence occurs in the blood flow in local deep valleys and high mountains on the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane, and the share The coagulation system is activated by the influence of stress or the like, causing blood coagulation during treatment or residual blood on the hollow fiber blood purification membrane.

中空糸状血液浄化膜の中空糸の血液接触表面の十点平均粗さRzは、上述したAFM(原子間力顕微鏡)により測定することができる。本実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜の中空糸の表面の凹凸平均間隔Sm値の測定は、AFMとして、上述したセイコーインスツルメンツ社製「SPA400」を用い、探針として「DMF SZDF20AL」(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製)を用い、AFMによる測定領域は1μm×1μmである。   The ten-point average roughness Rz of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane can be measured by the above-mentioned AFM (atomic force microscope). The measurement of the average irregularity spacing Sm value of the hollow fiber surface of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane in the present embodiment uses the above-mentioned “SPA400” manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. as the AFM and “DMF SZDF20AL” (Seiko Instruments Inc.) as the probe. The measurement area by AFM is 1 μm × 1 μm.

本実施の形態における血液浄化膜として用いられる中空糸は、疎水性高分子樹脂を含有する。中空糸が疎水性の表面を有することにより、血液中の蛋白質を吸着し易くなり、その吸着した蛋白質を介して白血球や血小板等の血球性分の吸着も起こりやすくなる。また、白血球や血小板等の血球成分の吸着量は、吸着される表面の粗さによって影響を受けることが知られている(例えば、特許第2501500号)。一方、従来の血液浄化療法に用いられる膜は、主に高分子材料の凝固速度を制御することにより、拡散、濾過を行うための細孔の形成を行っているが、単一の高分子材料では、膜細孔の形成を行うことは困難であったため、通常、ポリビニルピロリドンなどの親水性高分子材料を添加することにより、基材となるポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン等の疎水性高分子材料の凝固速度を調節し、細孔のある膜を形成している。しかし、従来の方法では、加えた親水性高分子材料が膜に存在するため、膜の表面が親水性になり、血球成分を十分に吸着する膜を得ることは難しかった。   The hollow fiber used as the blood purification membrane in the present embodiment contains a hydrophobic polymer resin. Since the hollow fiber has a hydrophobic surface, it becomes easy to adsorb proteins in blood, and adsorption of blood cells such as leukocytes and platelets also easily occurs through the adsorbed proteins. Further, it is known that the amount of adsorbed blood cell components such as leukocytes and platelets is affected by the roughness of the adsorbed surface (for example, Japanese Patent No. 2501500). On the other hand, membranes used in conventional blood purification therapy mainly form pores for diffusion and filtration by controlling the coagulation rate of the polymer material. However, since it was difficult to form membrane pores, a hydrophobic polymer material such as polysulfone or polyethersulfone as a base material is usually added by adding a hydrophilic polymer material such as polyvinylpyrrolidone. The coagulation rate is adjusted to form a membrane with pores. However, in the conventional method, since the added hydrophilic polymer material is present in the film, the surface of the film becomes hydrophilic, and it is difficult to obtain a film that sufficiently adsorbs blood cell components.

そこで、本発明の実施の形態では、後述するように、中空糸状血液浄化膜として用いられる中空糸に含有される疎水性高分子樹脂の種類、紡糸原液濃度、血液浄化膜として用いる中空糸の紡糸における凝固温度や凝固浴濃度などの条件を調整して、血液が接触する表面の粗さを一定範囲に制御して、尿毒素の除去のみならず、より効率的に血球成分の吸着を促進させている。   Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, as will be described later, the type of hydrophobic polymer resin contained in the hollow fiber used as the hollow fiber blood purification membrane, the concentration of the spinning stock solution, and the spinning of the hollow fiber used as the blood purification membrane By adjusting conditions such as coagulation temperature and coagulation bath concentration, the surface roughness with which the blood comes into contact is controlled within a certain range, and not only the removal of uremic toxins but also more efficient promotion of blood cell component adsorption ing.

また、本発明の実施の形態における中空糸に含有される少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価が1mL以上、15mL以下であり、且つ該二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価の差が1mL以上である。   Further, the coagulation value of at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins contained in the hollow fiber in the embodiment of the present invention is 1 mL or more and 15 mL or less, and the coagulation value of the two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is The difference is 1 mL or more.

ここで、凝固価は、本発明の中空糸状血液浄化膜として用いられる中空糸を製造するにあたり使用される溶媒(例えば、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン)50gに高分子樹脂1gを溶解した溶液を50℃に保ち、この溶液を撹拌しながら本発明の中空糸状血液浄化膜に使用する中空糸の製造方法で使用される後述する凝固液を溶液中に少量ずつ添加し、この溶液中に高分子樹脂が析出し始める時点(すなわち、目視により溶液が白濁した時点)における凝固液の添加量(mL)により定義される。   Here, the coagulation value is a solution obtained by dissolving 1 g of a polymer resin in 50 g of a solvent (for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) used for producing a hollow fiber used as the hollow fiber blood purification membrane of the present invention. While keeping this solution at 50 ° C., a coagulation liquid described later used in the method for producing a hollow fiber used in the hollow fiber blood purification membrane of the present invention is added little by little to the solution while stirring the solution. It is defined by the addition amount (mL) of the coagulating liquid at the time when the resin starts to precipitate (that is, when the solution becomes cloudy visually).

本実施の形態における中空糸に含有される少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価が1mL未満の場合には、表面のRaを3nm以上、10nm未満であって十点平均粗さRzが20nm以上、100nm以下の中空糸を製造することができず、尿毒素を除去することも、また、活性化した白血球や血小板等の炎症性細胞を吸着して除去することもできない。一方、少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価が15mLを超える場合には、表面のRaが10nmを超え、また十点平均粗さRzが100nmを超え、その結果、顆粒球や血小板(大きさ2〜4μm)の吸着への寄与が減少し、さらに治療中の血液凝固や残血が生じてしまう。   When the coagulation value of at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins contained in the hollow fiber in the present embodiment is less than 1 mL, the surface Ra is 3 nm or more and less than 10 nm, and the ten-point average roughness Rz is Hollow fibers of 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less cannot be produced, and uremic toxins cannot be removed, nor can inflammatory cells such as activated leukocytes and platelets be adsorbed and removed. On the other hand, when the coagulation value of at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins exceeds 15 mL, the surface Ra exceeds 10 nm and the ten-point average roughness Rz exceeds 100 nm. As a result, granulocytes and platelets ( The contribution to adsorption (size 2-4 μm) is reduced, and blood coagulation and residual blood during treatment will occur.

本実施の形態における中空糸に含有される少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価の差が、1mL未満の場合には、表面のRaを3nm以上、10nm未満であって十点平均粗さRzが20nm以上、100nm以下の中空糸を製造することができず、尿毒素を除去することも、また、活性化した白血球や血小板等の炎症性細胞を吸着して除去することもできない。   When the difference in coagulation value of at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins contained in the hollow fiber in the present embodiment is less than 1 mL, the surface Ra is 3 nm or more and less than 10 nm, and the ten-point average roughness A hollow fiber having a thickness Rz of 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less cannot be produced, and uremic toxins cannot be removed, nor can inflammatory cells such as activated leukocytes and platelets be adsorbed and removed.

疎水性高分子樹脂として、ポリアリレート樹脂(PAR)、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂(PES)、ポリスルホン樹脂(PSF)またはこれらの樹脂のポリマーアロイが好適である。   As the hydrophobic polymer resin, polyarylate resin (PAR), polyethersulfone resin (PES), polysulfone resin (PSF), or a polymer alloy of these resins is suitable.

ポリアリレート樹脂は、下記化学式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有する樹脂である。ポリアリレート樹脂の数平均分子量は、20,000〜30,000であることが好ましい。ポリアリレート樹脂の数平均分子量が30,000より大きいと、表面凹凸が大きくなり過ぎるため、適正な表面凹凸を形成することが困難になる。一方、ポリアリレート樹脂の数平均分子量が20,000より小さいと、中空糸状血液浄化膜の強度が低くなり、中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造歩留まりが悪くなる。   The polyarylate resin is a resin having a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula (1). The number average molecular weight of the polyarylate resin is preferably 20,000 to 30,000. When the number average molecular weight of the polyarylate resin is larger than 30,000, the surface unevenness becomes too large, and it becomes difficult to form appropriate surface unevenness. On the other hand, when the number average molecular weight of the polyarylate resin is smaller than 20,000, the strength of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane is lowered, and the production yield of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane is deteriorated.

化学式(1)において、R1およびR2は炭素数が1〜5の低級アルキル基であり、R1およびR2はそれぞれ同一であっても相違していてもよい。R1およびR2としては、例えばメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基などが挙げられる。好ましいR1およびR2は、メチル基である。   In the chemical formula (1), R1 and R2 are lower alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R1 and R2 may be the same or different. Examples of R1 and R2 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group. Preferred R1 and R2 are methyl groups.

なお、ポリアリレート樹脂は、化学式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を主たる繰り返し単位とする限り特に制限がなく、本発明の目的を阻害しない限り他の繰り返し単位を含有していてもよい。   The polyarylate resin is not particularly limited as long as the repeating unit represented by the chemical formula (1) is a main repeating unit, and may contain other repeating units as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.

ポリスルホン系樹脂は、下記化学式(2)または化学式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有する樹脂である。ポリスルホン系樹脂の数平均分子量は、15,000〜30,000であることが好ましい。ポリスルホン系樹脂の数平均分子量が30,000より大きいと、表面凹凸が大きくなり過ぎるため、適正な表面凹凸を形成することが困難になる。一方、ポリスルホン系樹脂の数平均分子量が15,000より小さいと、中空糸状血液浄化膜の強度が低くなり、中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造歩留まりが悪くなる。なお、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂(PES)およびポリスルホン樹脂(PSF)は、ポリスルホン系樹脂の一種である。   The polysulfone resin is a resin having a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula (2) or chemical formula (3). The number average molecular weight of the polysulfone resin is preferably 15,000 to 30,000. If the number average molecular weight of the polysulfone-based resin is larger than 30,000, the surface unevenness becomes too large, and it becomes difficult to form appropriate surface unevenness. On the other hand, when the number average molecular weight of the polysulfone resin is less than 15,000, the strength of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane is lowered, and the production yield of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane is deteriorated. The polyethersulfone resin (PES) and the polysulfone resin (PSF) are a kind of polysulfone resin.

化学式(2)において、R3およびR4は炭素数が1〜5の低級アルキル基であり、R3およびR4はそれぞれ同一であっても相違していてもよい。R3およびR4としては、例えばメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基などが挙げられる。好ましいR1およびR2は、メチル基である。   In the chemical formula (2), R3 and R4 are lower alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R3 and R4 may be the same or different. Examples of R3 and R4 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group. Preferred R1 and R2 are methyl groups.

そして、本実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜は、血液中の尿毒素を除去する血液除去器に用いられ、さらに、血液中の白血球及び血小板の除去に用いられる。   And the hollow fiber blood purification membrane in this Embodiment is used for the blood removal device which removes the uremic toxin in the blood, and is further used for the removal of the white blood cells and platelets in the blood.

次に、本発明の実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法について、以下に説明する。   Next, the manufacturing method of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane in the embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

本実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法は、少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を含有する溶媒溶液を紡糸原液として紡糸される中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法であって、少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価が1mL以上、15mL以下であり、且つ該二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価の差が1mL以上である中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法である。   The method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to the present embodiment is a method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane that is spun using a solvent solution containing at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins as a spinning stock solution. This is a method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane, wherein the coagulation value of the two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL or more and 15 mL or less, and the difference in coagulation value between the two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL or more.

本実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜は、相転換法(「凝固法」ともいう)を用い、上述した少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を有機溶媒に溶解させて紡糸原液を調製し、予め定められたドラフト率により紡糸することによって製造される。   The hollow fiber blood purification membrane in the present embodiment uses a phase inversion method (also referred to as “coagulation method”) to prepare a spinning dope by dissolving the above-described at least two hydrophobic polymer resins in an organic solvent, It is manufactured by spinning at a predetermined draft rate.

有機溶媒としては、疎水性高分子樹脂に対して相溶性を有する良溶剤であれば特に制限がなく、たとえばテトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)などを挙げることができる。これらの中でもNMPが有機溶媒として好ましい。ここで、「相溶性」とは、二種またはそれ以上の物質が相互に親和性を有し、溶液または混和物を形成する性質、すなわち物質同士の混ざりやすさをいう。本願では、二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を有機溶媒に溶解した際、溶液が澄明な状態を相溶性があると表現し、白濁したり分離したりする場合には相溶性がないと表現する。相溶性がない場合、上述した疎水性高分子樹脂を有機溶媒に溶解してなる溶液を使用しても、相転換法では中空糸膜は製造できたとしても、適正な膜構造が形成されず、溶質透過性が得られなかったり、十分な強度が得られなかったりして、中空糸膜として使用することができない場合がある。   The organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a good solvent having compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer resin. For example, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), etc. Can be mentioned. Among these, NMP is preferable as the organic solvent. Here, the term “compatible” refers to the property that two or more substances have an affinity for each other and form a solution or a mixture, that is, ease of mixing of the substances. In this application, when two types of hydrophobic polymer resins are dissolved in an organic solvent, the clear state of the solution is expressed as compatible, and when the solution becomes cloudy or separated, it is expressed as incompatible. . If there is no compatibility, even if a solution obtained by dissolving the above-described hydrophobic polymer resin in an organic solvent is used, even if a hollow fiber membrane can be produced by the phase conversion method, an appropriate membrane structure is not formed. In some cases, solute permeability cannot be obtained, or sufficient strength cannot be obtained, so that it cannot be used as a hollow fiber membrane.

本実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜は、上述した少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を有機溶媒に溶解してなる紡糸原液を、二重管紡糸金口から内部凝固液(水を含んだ有機溶媒)とともに押し出し、外部凝固浴中の外部凝固液(水を含んだ有機溶媒)に落とし込むことにより製造される。   The hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to the present embodiment is a spin stock solution obtained by dissolving the above-described at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins in an organic solvent, and an internal coagulation liquid (containing water) from a double tube spinneret. It is manufactured by extruding with an organic solvent) and dropping into an external coagulation liquid (an organic solvent containing water) in an external coagulation bath.

上記紡糸原液における少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の含有率は、中空糸状血液浄化膜が形成可能であれば、特に制限はないが、例えば、10質量%以上、20質量%以下である。少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の含有率が10質量%未満の場合には、形成される中空糸状血液浄化膜の強度が低くなり、実用的な中空糸状血液浄化膜が得られない場合がある。一方、少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の含有率が20質量%を超える場合には、紡糸原液中の樹脂濃度が高くなりすぎて、中空糸状血液浄化膜の膜孔径(ポアサイズ)を制御しにくく、また膜孔径が低下し、膜としての性能も低下するおそれがある。   The content of at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins in the spinning dope is not particularly limited as long as a hollow fiber blood purification membrane can be formed, but is, for example, 10% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less. When the content of at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins is less than 10% by mass, the strength of the formed hollow fiber blood purification membrane is low, and a practical hollow fiber blood purification membrane may not be obtained. is there. On the other hand, if the content of at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins exceeds 20% by mass, the resin concentration in the spinning dope becomes too high, and the pore size of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane is controlled. It is difficult, and the pore size of the membrane is lowered, and the performance as a membrane may be lowered.

上記紡糸原液における疎水性高分子樹脂の総含有量に対する少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の含有率が、それぞれ30質量%以上である。これにより、凝固速度の最も小さい疎水性高分子樹脂の分子による、析出した凝固速度の最も大きい疎水性高分子樹脂の凝集に対する適度な立体障害が生じ、その結果、形成された中空糸状血液浄化膜に適当な径を有する孔が適度な数だけ形成され、すなわち所望の膜孔径(ポアサイズ)が得られ、好適な透過性を有する中空糸状血液浄化膜を製造することができる。一方、紡糸原液中に含まれる疎水性高分子樹脂の片方の比率が30質量%を超えて高すぎる又は30質量%未満で低すぎる場合、中空糸状血液浄化膜の所望の膜孔径(ポアサイズ)への制御が困難になる。   The content of at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins with respect to the total content of hydrophobic polymer resins in the spinning dope is 30% by mass or more, respectively. As a result, moderate steric hindrance to the aggregation of the precipitated hydrophobic polymer resin having the largest coagulation rate is caused by the molecule of the hydrophobic polymer resin having the smallest coagulation rate. As a result, the formed hollow fiber blood purification membrane A suitable number of pores having an appropriate diameter are formed, that is, a desired membrane pore diameter (pore size) can be obtained, and a hollow fiber blood purification membrane having suitable permeability can be produced. On the other hand, when the ratio of one of the hydrophobic polymer resins contained in the spinning dope exceeds 30% by mass and is too high or less than 30% by mass and too low, to the desired membrane pore size (pore size) of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane It becomes difficult to control.

上述した有機溶媒中に上述した少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を溶解させるときの温度は、例えば、30℃から100℃であり、好ましくは50℃から80℃である。   The temperature at which the above-described at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins are dissolved in the above-described organic solvent is, for example, 30 ° C. to 100 ° C., and preferably 50 ° C. to 80 ° C.

内部凝固液及び外部凝固液は、紡糸原液に用いた有機溶媒と水とを所定の割合で混合したものを用い、内部凝固液及び外部凝固液における有機溶媒の含有率は、50容量%以上、70容量%以下である。内部凝固液及び外部凝固液における有機溶媒の含有率が50容量%未満の場合、所望の膜孔径(ポアサイズ)を有する中空糸状血液浄化膜を得ることが難しく、一方、内部凝固液及び外部凝固液における有機溶媒の含有率が70容量%を超える場合、中空糸状血液浄化膜の膜孔径の制御が困難になるばかりでなく、凝固が不十分になり、紡糸中の中空糸の強度が低下し、実用的な中空糸状血液浄化膜を得ることが難しい。特に、内部凝固液における有機溶媒の含有率(濃度)は、中空糸状血液浄化膜の血液接触面(中空糸内表面)の表面粗さRa,Rz及び膜孔径に影響を与えるため、上記範囲内に制御される。   The internal coagulation liquid and the external coagulation liquid are prepared by mixing the organic solvent used in the spinning stock solution and water at a predetermined ratio, and the content of the organic solvent in the internal coagulation liquid and the external coagulation liquid is 50% by volume or more, 70% by volume or less. When the content of the organic solvent in the internal coagulating liquid and the external coagulating liquid is less than 50% by volume, it is difficult to obtain a hollow fiber blood purification membrane having a desired membrane pore size (pore size). When the content of the organic solvent exceeds 70% by volume, not only is it difficult to control the membrane pore diameter of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane, but the coagulation becomes insufficient, and the strength of the hollow fiber during spinning decreases. It is difficult to obtain a practical hollow fiber blood purification membrane. In particular, the content (concentration) of the organic solvent in the internal coagulation liquid affects the surface roughness Ra, Rz and the membrane pore diameter of the blood contact surface (inner surface of the hollow fiber) of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane. Controlled.

また、外部凝固浴の温度は、0℃以上、10℃以下である。外部凝固浴の温度が0℃未満の場合、所望の膜孔径(ポアサイズ)を有する中空糸状血液浄化膜を得ることが難しく、一方、外部凝固浴の温度が10℃を超えても、所望の膜孔径(ポアサイズ)を有する中空糸状血液浄化膜を得ることが困難である。   The temperature of the external coagulation bath is 0 ° C. or higher and 10 ° C. or lower. When the temperature of the external coagulation bath is less than 0 ° C., it is difficult to obtain a hollow fiber blood purification membrane having a desired membrane pore size (pore size), while the desired membrane can be obtained even when the temperature of the external coagulation bath exceeds 10 ° C. It is difficult to obtain a hollow fiber blood purification membrane having a pore size (pore size).

本実施の形態における中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法において、少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂と上述した相溶性のある有機溶媒とを含有する紡糸原液を用いて紡糸する際のドラフト率は1.0〜4.0である。   In the method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to the present embodiment, the draft rate when spinning using a spinning stock solution containing at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins and the above-described compatible organic solvent is 1 0.0 to 4.0.

ここで、ドラフト率とは、紡糸原液を二重管紡糸金口から内部凝固液(芯液)とともに外部凝固液中に吐出することにより紡糸する際、二重管紡糸金口から紡糸原液が吐出されるときの吐出線速度と中空糸の巻き取り速度との比(巻き取り速度/吐出線速度)をいう。この紡糸原液の吐出線速度とは、二重管紡糸金口から紡糸原液が吐出されるときの線速度であって、単位時間あたりの紡糸原型の吐出流量を二重管紡糸金口の紡糸原液吐出断面積で除した値である。   Here, the draft rate means that the spinning dope is discharged from the double pipe spinning die when spinning by discharging the spinning dope from the double pipe spinning die into the external coagulating liquid together with the internal coagulating liquid (core liquid). The ratio (winding speed / discharging linear speed) between the discharge linear speed and the hollow fiber winding speed at the time of being carried out. The discharge linear speed of the spinning dope is the linear speed at which the spinning dope is discharged from the double pipe spinneret, and the discharge flow rate of the spinning master per unit time is defined as the spinning dope for the double pipe spinneret. The value divided by the discharge cross-sectional area.

以下、実施例により本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

実施例1〜7,比較例1〜6:
[紡糸方法]
高分子樹脂(A)を8質量部と、高分子樹脂(B)を8質量部と、有機溶媒としてN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを84質量部とを60℃で加熱しながら溶解、撹拌、混合して紡糸原液を調製した。この紡糸原液を二重管紡糸金口(スリット幅:250μm)から、表1に示すように有機溶媒としてN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを所定濃度で含有し水を一定割合で含有する内部凝固液(芯液)とともに、表1に示すように有機溶媒としてN−メチル−2−ピロリドン所定濃度で含有し水を一定の割合で含有する外部凝固液の浴中に吐出し、ドラフト率2.8で紡糸して中空糸状血液浄化膜を製造した。このときのギャップ長は10mmとした。なお、実施例1〜7,比較例1〜6に用いられた上記高分子樹脂(A)および高分子樹脂(B)は、以下に示す表1の通りである。
Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-6:
[Spinning method]
8 parts by mass of the polymer resin (A), 8 parts by mass of the polymer resin (B), and 84 parts by mass of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as an organic solvent are dissolved and stirred at 60 ° C., A stock solution for spinning was prepared by mixing. As shown in Table 1, an internal coagulation liquid containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as an organic solvent at a predetermined concentration and water at a constant ratio from a double pipe spinning nozzle (slit width: 250 μm). (Core liquid) together with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as an organic solvent at a predetermined concentration as shown in Table 1, and discharged into a bath of an external coagulation liquid containing water at a certain ratio, and a draft rate of 2.8 The hollow fiber blood purification membrane was manufactured by spinning. The gap length at this time was 10 mm. In addition, the said polymer resin (A) and polymer resin (B) which were used for Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-6 are as Table 1 shown below.

また、実施例1〜7,比較例1〜6で用いられた疎水性高分子樹脂および表1に用いられた略称は、次の通りである。
(i)PES:ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂(住友化学社製、商品名:「スミカエクセル 4800P」)
(ii)PAR:ポリアリレート樹脂(ユニチカ製、商品名:「Uポリマー」)
(iii)PSF:ポリスルホン樹脂(ソルベイ・アドバンスト・ポリマーズ社製、商品名:「ユーデルP−1700」)
(iv)PSt:ポリスチレン樹脂(旭化成社製、商品名:「GPスタイロン」)
(v)PMMA:ポリメチルメタクリレート樹脂(住友化学社製、商品名:「LG」)
The hydrophobic polymer resins used in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and the abbreviations used in Table 1 are as follows.
(I) PES: polyethersulfone resin (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: “Sumika Excel 4800P”)
(Ii) PAR: Polyarylate resin (manufactured by Unitika, trade name: “U polymer”)
(Iii) PSF: Polysulfone resin (manufactured by Solvay Advanced Polymers, Inc., trade name: “Udel P-1700”)
(Iv) PSt: polystyrene resin (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., trade name: “GP Styron”)
(V) PMMA: polymethyl methacrylate resin (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: “LG”)

比較例2に用いられる親水性高分子樹脂および表1に用いられた略称は、次の通りである。
(vi)PVP:ポリビニルピロリドン(BASF社製、商品名:「ルビテック90PH」)
The hydrophilic polymer resin used in Comparative Example 2 and the abbreviations used in Table 1 are as follows.
(Vi) PVP: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (manufactured by BASF, trade name: “Rubitec 90PH”)

[凝固価]
中空糸を製造するにあたり使用される有機溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドン50gに高分子樹脂(A)1gまたは高分子樹脂(B)1gを溶解した溶液を50℃に保ち、この溶液を撹拌しながら本発明の中空糸状血液浄化膜に使用する中空糸の製造方法で使用される後述する凝固液を溶液中に少量ずつ添加し、この溶液中に高分子樹脂が析出し始める時点(すなわち、目視により溶液が白濁した時点)における凝固液の添加量(mL)により定義した。
[Coagulation value]
A solution prepared by dissolving 1 g of the polymer resin (A) or 1 g of the polymer resin (B) in 50 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which is an organic solvent used for producing the hollow fiber, is kept at 50 ° C. While stirring, a coagulation liquid described later used in the method for producing a hollow fiber used in the hollow fiber blood purification membrane of the present invention is added little by little to the solution, and the polymer resin starts to precipitate in this solution (that is, The amount of coagulation solution added (mL) at the time when the solution became cloudy visually).

[中空糸状血液浄化膜の表面粗さRaおよび表面粗さRzの評価]
本実施例の中空糸状血液浄化膜の表面粗さRa,Rzを、AFM(1μm×1μm、セイコーインスツルメンツ社製SPA400、探針:DFM SZDF20AL(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製))を用いて測定した。
[Evaluation of surface roughness Ra and surface roughness Rz of hollow fiber blood purification membrane]
The surface roughness Ra, Rz of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane of this example was measured using an AFM (1 μm × 1 μm, Seiko Instruments SPA400, probe: DFM SZDF20AL (Seiko Instruments)).

[クレアチニンクリアランス]
1.0mのモジュールを製造し、日本透析医学界のガイドラインに沿って測定した。
[Creatinine clearance]
A 1.0 m 2 module was manufactured and measured according to the guidelines of the Japanese dialysis medical community.

[ミニモジュールを用いたin vivo血球吸着試験]
上述の紡糸方法により、内径200μm、膜厚30μmの中空糸を紡糸した。得られた血液浄化膜としての中空糸を十分に洗浄後、乾燥させ、全長17cm、本数100本の中空糸束をミニモジュールのケースに挿入し、端部をポリウレタンにより封止して、有効長14.5cm、膜面積(内表面換算)約0.01mのミニモジュールを作製した。このミニモジュールに、ウサギの頸動脈から脱血した血液を2.5mL/minで通液し、ミニモジュール前後の顆粒球(好中球)数、血小板数、リンパ球数の変化により、各中空糸状血液浄化膜への吸着率を算出した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
[In vivo blood cell adsorption test using mini-module]
A hollow fiber having an inner diameter of 200 μm and a film thickness of 30 μm was spun by the spinning method described above. The obtained hollow fiber as a blood purification membrane is sufficiently washed and dried, and a hollow fiber bundle of 17 cm in total length and 100 pieces is inserted into the case of the mini module, and the end is sealed with polyurethane, and the effective length A mini module having a size of 14.5 cm and a membrane area (internal surface equivalent) of about 0.01 m 2 was produced. Blood drawn from the rabbit carotid artery was passed through this minimodule at 2.5 mL / min, and each hollow was determined by changes in the number of granulocytes (neutrophils), platelets, and lymphocytes before and after the minimodule. The adsorption rate to the filamentous blood purification membrane was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

実施例1〜7は、比較例1〜2と比較し、リンパ球の吸着能およびクレアチニンクリアランスが同等以上であり、かつ顆粒球および血小板の吸着能が高いことが判明した。また、実施例1〜7は、比較例5に比べ、顆粒球およびリンパ球の吸着能が同等以上であり、かつ血小板の吸着能が高く、クレアチニンクリアランスが高いことが分かった。また、紡糸原液を作製する際に、有機溶媒中に高分子樹脂をドープした際のドープ状態が澄明である実施例1〜7では、中空糸状血液浄化膜の表面に所望の表面粗さが発現したが、比較例3,4,6のように、ドープ状態が分離または白濁した状態では、所望の表面粗さが得られないことが判明した。   In comparison with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, Examples 1 to 7 were found to have the same or higher lymphocyte adsorption ability and creatinine clearance and higher granulocyte and platelet adsorption ability. Moreover, compared with the comparative example 5, Examples 1-7 showed that the adsorbability of granulocytes and lymphocytes was equal or higher, the adsorbability of platelets was high, and the creatinine clearance was high. In addition, when preparing the spinning dope, in Examples 1 to 7 where the doped state when the polymer resin is doped in the organic solvent is clear, a desired surface roughness is expressed on the surface of the hollow fiber blood purification membrane. However, as in Comparative Examples 3, 4, and 6, it was found that the desired surface roughness could not be obtained when the dope state was separated or clouded.

本発明は、血液浄化治療の用途に好適である。   The present invention is suitable for blood purification treatment.

Claims (9)

少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を含有する中空糸であって、前記中空糸の血液接触表面の中心線平均粗さRa値が3nm以上、10nm未満であり、十点平均粗さRzが20nm以上、100nm以下の範囲にある凹凸表面を有することを特徴とする中空糸状血液浄化膜。   A hollow fiber containing at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins, the center line average roughness Ra value of the blood contact surface of the hollow fiber being 3 nm or more and less than 10 nm, and the ten-point average roughness Rz is 20 nm. As described above, a hollow fiber blood purification membrane having an uneven surface in a range of 100 nm or less. 少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価が1mL以上、15mL以下であり、且つ該二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価の差が1mL以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜。   The coagulation value of at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL or more and 15 mL or less, and the difference in coagulation value between the two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL or more. The hollow fiber blood purification membrane as described. 前記中空糸状血液浄化膜は、以下に示す化学式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアリレート樹脂および化学式(2)または化学式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリスルホン系樹脂からなる群から選択される少なくとも二種の疎水性高分子樹脂を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜。
化学式(1)において、R1およびR2は炭素数が1〜5の低級アルキル基であり、R1およびR2はそれぞれ同一であっても相違していてもよい。
化学式(2)において、R3およびR4は炭素数が1〜5の低級アルキル基であり、R3およびR4はそれぞれ同一であっても相違していてもよい。
The hollow fiber blood purification membrane is composed of a polyarylate resin having a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula (1) and a polysulfone resin having a repeating unit represented by the chemical formula (2) or (3) The hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins selected from the group consisting of:
In the chemical formula (1), R1 and R2 are lower alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R1 and R2 may be the same or different.
In the chemical formula (2), R3 and R4 are lower alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R3 and R4 may be the same or different.
血液中の尿毒素を除去する血液除去器に用いることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜。   The hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the membrane is used for a blood remover that removes uremic toxins in blood. さらに血液中の白血球及び血小板の除去に用いられることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜。   The hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further used for removing leukocytes and platelets in blood. 少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂を含有する溶媒溶液を紡糸原液として紡糸される中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法であって、
少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価が1mL以上、15mL以下であり、且つ該二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の凝固価の差が1mL以上であることを特徴とする中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法。
A method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane which is spun using a solvent solution containing at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins as a spinning stock solution,
Hollow fiber blood purification characterized in that the coagulation value of at least two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL or more and 15 mL or less, and the difference in coagulation value between the two types of hydrophobic polymer resins is 1 mL or more A method for producing a membrane.
前記紡糸原液における少なくとも二種類の疎水性高分子樹脂の含有率は、10質量%以上、20質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法。   The method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to claim 6, wherein the content of at least two kinds of hydrophobic polymer resins in the spinning dope is 10% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less. 二重管紡糸金口を用いて、紡糸原液を内部凝固液とともに押し出し、外部凝固液の浴に落とし込むことにより中空糸状血液浄化膜を製造する中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法であって、
前記内部凝固液および外部凝固液は、それぞれ紡糸原液に用いた溶媒と水とを予め定められた比率で混合された溶液であり、
前記内部及び外部凝固液の温度が、0℃以上、10℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項6または請求項7に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法。
A hollow fiber blood purification membrane manufacturing method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane by extruding a spinning stock solution together with an internal coagulation liquid using a double tube spinning nozzle and dropping it into a bath of an external coagulation liquid,
The internal coagulation liquid and the external coagulation liquid are solutions obtained by mixing the solvent used in the spinning stock solution and water in a predetermined ratio, respectively.
The method for producing a hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the temperature of the internal and external coagulation liquid is 0 ° C or higher and 10 ° C or lower.
前記内部及び外部凝固液における有機溶媒の含有率が、50容量%以上、70容量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項6から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の中空糸状血液浄化膜の製造方法。   The hollow fiber blood purification membrane according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the content of the organic solvent in the internal and external coagulation liquid is 50% by volume or more and 70% by volume or less. Manufacturing method.
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