JP2010534315A - Apparatus and method for providing detonation damage resistance in a duct structure - Google Patents

Abstract

  The duct structure system has a duct having a plurality of duct panels connected to each other to define a flow path extending therethrough. This duct has a structure for resisting damage caused by detonation in the duct. The structure for resisting this damage includes an inner reinforcing member that extends across the flow path of the duct, and connects at least two side surfaces of the duct to each other. For example, the inner reinforcement member has a mounting frame having one or more extended members extending from one side of the frame attached to the duct panel to the other side of the frame attached to the opposite duct panel. Can be a reinforced panel. Instead of or in addition to the structure described above, the duct can have a structure that resists damage. This structure provides the duct with at least one bent or faceted side along the long axis of the duct.

Description

Background of the Invention
The present invention relates to a duct structure for flowing a fluid.

2. Description of the Background Art Duct structures used in flowing fluids at high temperatures are stressed due to thermal expansion of the duct structure and / or other components disposed within the duct structure. Further, in some applications, this duct structure is subjected to detonation of fuel that flows into the duct structure, either intentionally or accidentally. For example, if there is a high temperature in the duct structure such that the fuel accidentally flows into the duct structure and is heated to a temperature above the temperature at which the fuel automatically ignites, the fuel will explode in the duct structure. Such an explosion can cause irreversible damage to the duct structure, and in the event of an explosion, can harm people or damage structures near the duct structure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In an effort to reduce the above-mentioned problems associated with duct structures applied in high temperature environments, the inventors of the present application have provided an apparatus for providing detonation damage resistance within a duct structure as described below. And invented a method.

  The present invention has a duct having a plurality of duct panels connected together to define a flow path extending through the duct, the duct resisting damage caused to the duct by detonation in the duct A duct structure system including the above is effectively provided.

  According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a structure including an inner reinforcing member extending across the flow path of the duct is provided to resist damage so as to connect at least two sides of the duct to each other. An example of such an inner reinforcing member is a reinforcing panel that includes a mounting frame having one or more extended members. One or more extended members extend from one side of the frame attached to the duct panel to the other side of the frame attached to the opposite duct panel.

  According to a second embodiment of the invention, which can be carried out instead of or in addition to the structure of the first embodiment of the invention, the duct is at least one bent along its long axis or It has a structure for resisting damage including giving the duct a side face that has been faceted.

  A more complete and correct recognition of this invention and many of its attendant advantages will become apparent by reference to the following detailed description, particularly when read with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view of a reinforcing panel of the present invention used in a duct structure to resist detonation damage to the duct structure, and FIG. 1 (b) is a side view of the reinforcing panel in FIG. 1 (a). FIG. 1C is a reduced schematic view of the reinforcing panel of FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a duct structure system of the present invention including several reinforcing panels provided at various points in the duct structure flow path where there is a risk of detonation (some Shows the state with the front panel removed. FIG. 3A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention including a duct structure system in which a plurality of reinforcing panels are provided in a flow path in which each passage of the flow path has a rectangular cross section. FIG. 3B shows a cross-sectional schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention that includes a duct structure system having a zigzag channel. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged perspective view of still another embodiment of the present invention including a duct structure system having a zigzag flow path combining a plurality of reinforcing panels (with the front and rear panels removed to expose the internal structure). ). FIG. 5A shows a front view of an additional embodiment of the present invention including a duct structure system having a repetitive S-shaped flow path. FIG. 5B shows a perspective view of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 5A. FIG. 5C shows a perspective view of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B with some front panels and a central tube bundle removed to expose the internal structure. FIG. 6A shows a partially enlarged perspective view of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 5A-5C with the front panel removed to expose the internal structure. FIG. 6B shows a partially enlarged perspective view of the portion of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 5A-5C with all front panels removed to expose the internal structure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following examples, components having substantially the same function and arrangement are given the same reference numerals, and repeated description will be provided only when necessary.

  The inventors of the present application should consider many factors, such as the cost of manufacturing and assembling the duct structure, as well as the structural requirements of the duct structure system when designing the duct structure. I have decided. Therefore, the structure of the duct structure and the type of material used for the duct structure are the price of the material, the strength of the material, the amount of material necessary to meet the required strength of the duct structure, and the material in the environment where the material is used. It is selected based on factors such as the reaction of the material, the weight of the material, the ease and cost of manufacturing and assembling the duct structure using this material. However, simply providing a relatively thick wall to provide resistance to detonation damage is generally not effective because it increases the cost and weight of the duct structure. Furthermore, extreme thickness duct structures have a disadvantageous low bendability. In applications in high temperature environments where temperature gradients exist, such as heat exchangers and heat exchange reactors, it is desirable that duct structures be easy to bend as well as strength to prevent mechanical failure due to thermal stress. The inventors have also determined that the use of an external reinforcing member or support member that provides detonation damage resistance to the duct structure is generally not effective. That is, when the temperature of the external reinforcing member or the support member is lower than that of the duct structure, there arises a problem of thermal expansion caused by uneven expansion of the external reinforcing member or the support member with respect to the duct structure.

  The present invention eliminates the need for excessively thick walls or external reinforcement members without the features desired to be used, and dramatically reduces or eliminates damage caused by detonation within the duct structure. The apparatus and method are effectively provided. While this invention is not limited to the form of some preferred embodiments described and illustrated herein, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a thin and bendable metal sheet to withstand the stresses caused by thermal expansion. While maintaining a lightweight duct structure that is easy to bend and can accommodate substantial thermal gradients without undue thermal stress.

  In a first embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides an inner reinforcing member. This reinforcing member extends across the duct structure flow path to provide a reinforcing structure that resists outward forces acting on the duct structure wall caused by detonation in the flow path. For example, such an inner reinforcing member has an extension having a first end attached in any way to the wall of the duct structure and a second end attached in any way to the opposite wall of the duct structure. It may be a member. Thus, when detonation occurs in the flow path, the extended member provides a force that opposes the outward force from the detonation along its length (eg, the extended member is pulled). ), Holding the opposing walls of the duct structure together to prevent damage to the walls.

  The inner reinforcing member of the present invention can take any number of shapes and can be attached to the duct structure in a number of different ways, preferred embodiments of which are described below. For example, the inner reinforcing member can be provided as a reinforcing panel. The reinforcing panel includes an outer mounting frame and one or more extended members extending in one or more directions across the opening through the frame (eg, a plurality of members extended in a parallel or non-parallel arrangement). A plurality of members extending in a cross (or grid or net) pattern in an orthogonal arrangement or a non-orthogonal arrangement. The inner reinforcing member may be an extended member (see, for example, FIG. 4) connected to or integrated with a plurality of baffle plates in the duct structure flow path. This inner reinforcement member is preferably placed at a location where detonation occurs within the duct structure and is oriented within the duct structure to provide resistance to forces acting on weak portions of the duct structure (e.g., one or More extended members can be mounted between the weak outer panel or joint of the duct structure and the outer panel or joint on the opposite side, and outward from the detonator acting on these weak outer panels or joints Resists force.). Also, the inner reinforcing member preferably does not greatly hinder the flow of fluid flowing through the duct structure flow path.

  FIG. 1 (a) shows a plan view of a reinforcing panel according to the present invention used in a duct structure to resist detonation damage to the duct structure, and FIGS. 1 (b) and (c) are respectively The side view of a reinforcement panel and the reduced perspective view are shown. In this embodiment, the inner reinforcing member is provided in the form of a reinforcing panel 10 formed from a flat metal sheet such as a stainless steel or nickel superalloy sheet. The reinforcing panel 10 has a mounting portion (ie, an outer mounting frame) 12 with an opening 13 extending through the center of the frame 12. The frame 12 has four side portions 14 to 17 along its outer side.

  In this embodiment, each of the side portions 14 to 17 is clamped between adjacent parts of the duct panel by a joint between adjacent parts of the duct panel and attached to the duct panel. The plurality of side portions 14 to 17 are formed by using, for example, a plurality of mounting holes 18 provided on the outer side of the frame 12, for example, bolts and nuts that pass through the mounting holes that match the mounting holes and the duct panel. It can be attached to the duct panel by giving a fixture. Additionally or alternatively, the adjacent edges of the frame 12 and the duct panel can be welded together, providing additional structural connections between them. As an alternative to the above-described attachment of the frame 12, the frame 12 can be attached directly to the inner surface of the duct structure at any location along the flow path, for example by welding or other attachment structures or methods, to the connection portion or to the connection. It can be provided in close proximity to the portion, or it can be provided at any other location along the length of the flow path.

  In the reinforcing panel 10 shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c), a plurality of extended members (ie, fingers) 20 extend parallel to each other across an opening 13 through the frame 12, allowing fluid to flow. A plurality of flowing openings 22 are defined between the plurality of extended members 20. Further, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, the two extended openings 24 through which the fluid flows are provided between the extended members at the ends close to the side portions 16 and 17. Is provided. In this embodiment, the plurality of extended members 20 are respectively connected to the first end integrally connected to the side portion 14 functioning as the base portion, and on the opposite side of the side portion 14 while functioning as the base portion. It has a second end integrally connected to the provided side 15. The number and shape of the plurality of extended members 20 is such that the required strength required to resist detonation force at the mounting location in the flow path and the obstruction to fluid flow caused by these extended members. From this point of view, it depends on the balance between the required flow rate of the fluid flowing through the flow path at the mounting position.

  Many different shapes of the inner reinforcing member described above are possible. For example, the inner reinforcement member can be configured to include many different shapes of one or more extended members 20. The plurality of extended members 20 can be provided across the entire opening, can be provided across only a portion of the opening, can be provided uniformly spaced from each other, and can be uniformly spaced or non-uniform. Or a combination of extended members spaced apart from each other. Further, the plurality of elongated members 20 can be provided in the same shape, the same cross section, and the same size, can be provided in different shapes, different cross sections, different sizes, or any combination thereof. The plurality of elongated members 20 can be formed of the same material, i.e., the same material properties, or can be formed of different materials, i.e., different material properties. These extended members may also be provided extending in one or more different directions across the opening, unlike the extended member 20 of FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c), for example, A parallel and / or non-parallel arrangement of the additional extended members is possible with a cross (or grid or net) pattern with orthogonal or non-orthogonal arrangement.

  The reinforcing panel 10 is preferably attached to a location in the duct structure where there is a risk of detonation. In addition, the reinforcing panel 10 is preferably mounted in the duct structure in a direction that provides resistance to detonation force acting on a weak part of the duct structure at the mounting position. For example, the reinforcing panel 10 shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c) is preferably oriented within the duct structure such that the side 14 and / or side 15 are attached to a weak portion of the duct structure. A plurality of extended members 20 which are fixedly attached and extend between the side portions 14 and 15 can provide resistance to detonation force acting on the weak portion.

  FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the duct structure system 30 of the present invention. This system 30 has several different reinforcing panels 60, 70, 80, 90 provided at various points in the flow path of the duct structure where there is a risk of detonation. In this case, this duct structure is used for a steam generator. Some of the front panels of the duct structure shown in FIG. 2 have been removed to expose a plurality of reinforcing panels provided within the duct structure.

  The duct structure system 30 shown in FIG. 2 has an inlet 36 that receives hot exhaust gas from, for example, a hydrocarbon steam reformer or other equipment. This hot exhaust gas flows into the duct structure system 30 by flowing upwards through the inlet 36, and the duct portion 38 (showing the front duct panel removed to expose the reinforcing panels 60 and 70). It is received in the internal flow path. The gas then moves horizontally along the flow path and flows to the duct portion 40 where the gas flow bends downward and flows on the separation tube side between the inlet manifold 42 and the outlet manifold 44. The shell side of the evaporator with Then, the gas moves downward from the duct portion 40 toward the duct portion 46 (showing a state in which the front duct panel is removed to expose the reinforcing panel 80), where it is bent in the horizontal direction and is duct portion 48. To the outlet 54 through the duct portion 50 (shown with the front duct panel removed to reveal the reinforcing panel 90) and the economizer portion 52, where it exits the duct structure system 30. Discharged.

  The duct structure of the duct structure system 30 is assembled using a plurality of duct panels 32 having different shapes and sizes. The plurality of duct panels 32 are generally formed of a metal sheet plate having bent end sides 34 in order to connect adjacent panels to each other. For example, the edge sides 34 of the plurality of panels are connected by using a fixing tool including bolts and nuts that pass through attachment holes formed on the edge sides, or adjacent edge sides of two adjacent panels. Are connected to each other by welding. This embodiment of the present invention uses a duct panel 32 that provides a thin, bendable wall that can withstand the stresses caused by thermal expansion, and effectively provides a lightweight duct structure. However, certain parts of the duct structure can be exposed to the risk of detonation of the fuel contained in the gas in the flow path, and therefore these parts of the duct structure are caused by such detonation Susceptible to irreversible mechanical damage (damage) to the duct structure. Accordingly, to greatly reduce or eliminate the damage caused by such detonation in the duct structure, the duct structure system 30 shown in FIG. 2 includes several reinforcing panels 60, 70 installed in the duct structure. , 80, and 90. These reinforcing panels are mounted in an orientation that provides resistance to detonation forces acting on weak parts of the duct structure at locations where there is a risk of detonation.

  The reinforcing panel 60 has a mounting portion 62 (ie, an outer mounting frame) 62 with an opening 64 through the frame 62. The plurality of attachment holes 66 are provided along the outer side of the frame 62, and the frame 62 is attached to the adjacent duct panel using a bolt and a nut. The plurality of extended members 68 extend parallel to each other across the opening 64. This panel 60 provides a detonation resistance to a panel 37 (and / or other panels adjacent to the duct portion 38) of the duct portion 38 in which a plurality of extended members 68 are at risk of detonation therein, for example. Its orientation is determined so that it is oriented to give. The shape and number of these plurality of extended members 68 are determined based on the required strength of the internal reinforcement member and the flow required for the fluid passing through the flow path at this location in the duct structure.

  The reinforcing panel 70 has an attachment portion (ie, an outer attachment frame) 72 with an opening 74, a plurality of attachment holes 76, and a plurality of extended members 78. This panel 70 provides a detonation resistance to a panel 39 (and / or other panels adjacent to the duct portion 38) of the duct portion 38 in which a plurality of extended members 78 are at risk of detonation therein, for example. Its orientation is determined so that it is oriented to give. The shape and number of these plurality of extended members 78 are determined based on the required strength of the internal reinforcement member and the flow required for the fluid passing through the flow path at this location in the duct structure.

  The reinforcing member 80 has a mounting portion (ie, an outer mounting frame) 82 with an opening 84, a plurality of mounting holes 86, and a plurality of extended members 88. This panel 80 is oriented so that a plurality of extended members 88 provide detonation resistance to, for example, panel 47 of duct portion 46 and / or panel 49 of duct portion 48 (and / or other adjacent panels). The attachment direction is determined so as to be attached. These two panels 47, 49 form an unsupported surface that is long and flat despite the risk of detonation and is very susceptible to damage from detonation. The shape and number of these plurality of extended members 88 are determined based on the required strength of the internal reinforcement member and the flow required for the fluid through the flow path at this location in the duct structure.

  The reinforcing panel 90 has an opening 94, a plurality of mounting holes 96, and a mounting portion (ie, an outer mounting frame) 92 with a grid in which a plurality of extended members 98 are crossed orthogonally. The reinforcing panel 90 includes a grid in which a plurality of extended members 98 are crossed so as to be orthogonal, and the grid includes, for example, all four panels 51 and / or surrounding the outer side of the duct portion 50. The mounting direction is determined so as to be oriented to give detonation resistance to a plurality of panels surrounding the outer side of the economizer portion 52. These multiple panels have unsupported surfaces that are detrimental and susceptible to damage from detonations. The shape and number of the plurality of extended members 98 is determined based on the required strength of the internal reinforcement member and the flow required for the fluid passing through the flow path at this location in the duct structure.

  The present invention provides a method and structure for imparting detonation damage resistance to a duct structure, and one embodiment of the present invention greatly reduces the damage caused to the panel by detonation in the duct structure, Provided is an inner reinforcing member or a supporting member for connecting a plurality of duct panels having a duct structure. Because the detonation exerts forces in different directions on both sides of the duct, the inner reinforcement member that is strong enough to prevent deformation and attached well to the wall of the duct will cause damage to the wall around this reinforcement member. lose. One or more inner reinforcement members can eliminate damage throughout the duct structure system. A composite reinforcement member can also be used to attenuate pressure waves caused by detonations transmitted through the duct structure. The reinforcing member can be formed from one metal sheet in the reinforcing panel shown in FIGS. This stiffening member can be stamped or cut to form a suitable opening, allowing sufficient fluid flow through the channels inside the duct structure. As another variation, the inner reinforcement member can simply be a metal piece or a metal rod, or can be other similar structures or materials that can connect both sides of the duct together. In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcement member is a piece of metal sheet that reinforces the duct integrally while being easily attached to the flanged joint of the duct structure. The present invention relates to US Pat. It is particularly advantageous to use it in a reaction vessel having a duct structure shell that is easy to bend, such as 6,957,695. Further, the present invention allows detonation resistance to the duct structure together with the baffle, so that the reinforcing member can be attached to the internal baffle or can be incorporated into the structure of the baffle. The present invention relates to US Pat. It is particularly beneficial to use in reaction vessels with baffles designed to reduce the adverse effects of thermal expansion, such as 7,117,934.

  Based on the shape of the duct structure, various structural inner reinforcement members can be provided to connect or link different wall panels together. For example, in a rectangular duct, the plurality of extended members of the reinforcing panel shown in FIGS. 1 (a) -1 (c) connect and link to the long wall of the duct structure that attaches the sides 14,15. However, it is not connected to a short wall with a duct structure that is strong enough to resist detonation without reinforcement. In a square duct, a plurality of extended member “plus” or grid-shaped patterns can be used to connect all the walls at the outer perimeter of the duct together. Alternatively, a grid having a plurality of circular, elliptical, or polygonal holes can be used.

  FIG. 3A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention having a duct structure system in which a plurality of reinforcing panels are provided in a flow path having a rectangular cross-sectional shape at each portion. In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, a plurality of inner reinforcement members, i.e., a plurality of reinforcement panels 110, are attached to the inner baffle 120 or incorporated into the baffle structure to provide detonation resistance to the duct structure along with the baffle. . The inner reinforcing member 110 in FIG. 3A is schematically shown using a broken line to indicate its position in the duct structure. These reinforcing members 110 can be provided to have an integral shape similar to the baffles and reinforcing panels shown in FIG. 4, or can be attached to the wall of the inner baffle or duct structure by any other method. . The plurality of arrows in FIG. 3A indicate the flow of fluid through the flow path of the duct structure, and the arrow in the broken line portion indicates an external pipe (not shown) for flowing the fluid.

FIG. 3B shows a cross-sectional schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention having a duct structure system incorporating the second aspect of the present invention. Rather than using the inner reinforcement member 110 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, the second form of the invention shown in FIG. 3B is to provide a plurality of duct panels formed to prevent damage from detonation occurring therein. A duct structure system is provided. (The two forms of the invention can be used individually or in combination for maximum detonation damage resistance as described in FIG. 4 and the following description.)
The second aspect of the invention involves the provision of a plurality of duct panels and a plurality of walls that avoid long and straight sections in the most susceptible area during detonation. On the other hand, the duct structure of FIG. 3A has undesired straight side surfaces as shown in the figure, and therefore does not have the characteristics as in the second embodiment. Further, the duct structure shown in FIG. 2 has an undesired straight side surface and a straight flow path passing through the inside as shown in the figure, so that it can be understood that the duct structure does not have such a feature. Eliminating straight passages strengthens individual walls and cushions detonations traveling through the ducts. The length of the part of the unsupported duct wall that is exposed to the pressure created by the detonation by using a plurality of small sides, i.e. by using an accordion style cross section, as in the second embodiment of the present invention. Decrease. In fact, the use of multiple hemispherical or faceted parts that approaches or effectively achieves the ideal of a hemispherical duct part allows the pressure from the detonation acting on the duct part to be Rather than being concentrated undesirably at a specific location within the duct structure, such as a joint, it allows it to be uniformly distributed or resisted by the duct portion itself.

  FIG. 3B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a duct structure system 200 having a zigzag channel according to the second embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of arrows in FIG. 3B indicate a flow of fluid through the flow path of the duct structure, and a plurality of broken line arrows indicate an external pipe (not shown) for flowing the fluid. The side surfaces of the duct structure are faceted using a plurality of inclined wall portions 210. This embodiment of the present invention also replaces the duct structure provided with an accordion-shaped cross-section simply by providing a duct with a narrow width at all other baffles 220 and a wide width between each baffle. It can be seen that it can be implemented. Furthermore, it can be seen that this embodiment of the present invention can alternatively be implemented with a duct structure having a zigzag or accordion shape without a plurality of baffles.

  Furthermore, the 2nd form of this invention can also eliminate a connection part effectively by using the single metal piece 230. FIG. This single metal piece 230 has a first baffle portion 232, a first duct wall portion 234, and a second duct wall portion 236. The first duct wall portion 234 is adjacent to the first baffle portion 232 and the second baffle (adjacent to the first baffle portion 232). The second duct wall portion 236 is adjacent to the second baffle and the third baffle (adjacent to the second baffle). By integrally forming one baffle and one or more duct wall portions from the same material, the damage resistance of the duct structure system is further increased by eliminating the connection between them. Effectively, this embodiment also reduces the number of individual duct members that are used to form a bendable duct structure system. More effectively, this embodiment is now required on the upper and lower sides of each intermittent path in the duct structure to sandwich each baffle between two adjacent duct wall portions. Reduce the number of These connections generally impart rigidity to the duct structure and inconveniently reduce the bending of the duct structure under hot operating environments. Thus, the reduction in the number of connections allows the duct structure to be bent and the stress in the duct structure to be reduced. Also, the plurality of connections provided in this embodiment are not formed from the edges of the duct wall at an angle of 90 °, but rather at non-orthogonal angles that allow the connection and / or duct structure to be easily bent. Thus, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3A, the triaxial hardness and restraining force of the connecting part used in the polygonal duct structure is eliminated. Thus, during operation of the device, when the tube row expands or contracts in the axial direction compared to the duct structure itself, the connections and the duct walls of the embodiment shown in FIG. Can be bent easily to compensate for dimensional changes. Thus, this embodiment reduces or reduces the stress level while maintaining or increasing the degree of bendability of the duct structure.

  Because of the duct structure surrounding the bent tubular heat exchanger (shown in FIG. 3B above), the material used to form the duct panel can also be used to integrally form the baffle. This baffle links the duct structure walls to the solid tube bundle of the tubular heat exchanger as shown in FIG. 3B. In such a structure, the most damage that detonation causes to the duct structure is to round the facets of the duct.

  FIG. 4 shows a partially enlarged schematic view of a further alternative embodiment of the present invention including a duct structure system 300 (with the front and rear panels removed to expose the internal structure). The duct structure system 300 has a zigzag flow path in which a plurality of reinforcing panels are combined. The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 combines the first and second embodiments of the present invention. A plurality of arrows in FIG. 4 indicate inflow of fluid into and out of the channel of the duct structure shown in the figure.

  The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 includes two shapes of duct panels used in combination with each other. A plurality of duct panels 310 are provided including a main duct portion 312, a baffle portion 314 having a plurality of holes 315 for receiving and passing through a plurality of tubes 342 of the tubular heat exchanger 340, and an end 318 having a termination 319. The The plurality of duct panels 320 include a main duct portion 321, an end portion 322 having a terminal end 323, a baffle portion 324 having a plurality of holes 325 for receiving and inserting a plurality of tubes 342 of the tubular heat exchanger 340, and a reinforcing portion 326. , And an end 329 having a termination 330. The reinforcing portion 326 functions as an inner reinforcing member and includes a mounting frame 326 having a plurality of openings 328 and a plurality of extended members 327.

  A plurality of baffle portions 314 and 324 connect the wall of the duct structure 300 to the rigid tube bundle of the tubular heat exchanger 340.

  Adjacent ends 318, 322 and / or 329 are coupled using, for example, a plurality of mounting holes (not shown) provided therein and a fixture including bolts and nuts. Additionally or alternatively, adjacent terminations 319, 323, and / or 330 may be welded together to provide additional mechanical connections therebetween. A plurality of adjacent main duct portions are provided such that they face each other at a non-zero angle to provide a reduced outer shape of the duct. The connection formed in this way provides a strong duct that can resist and absorb the forces caused by detonations in the duct without causing significant (or any) damage to the duct, while A duct structure 300 that can be deformed in a direction along the axis of a tubular heat exchanger 340 in the absence of stress is provided.

  FIGS. 5A-5C, 6A, and 6B show diagrams of further examples of the present invention having a duct structure system incorporating a second embodiment of the present invention. Although this embodiment is not shown as having an inner reinforcing member, such an inner reinforcing member can be used in this embodiment to further complete the structure. The duct structure system 400 illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5C, 6A, and 6B has a plurality of duct panels formed to withstand damage from detonations therein and is connected to the burner assembly 440. As shown. The multiple tubes of the inner heat exchanger are not shown but are present in most embodiments of the invention.

  This duct structure system 400 has a flow path in which the S-shape according to the second embodiment of the present invention is repeated. The plurality of side surfaces of the duct structure are formed using a wall portion 410 that is faceted or curved. The wall portion 410 is a hemispherically curved portion extending so as to surround the end portion on the open side of the baffle 420. Each wall portion 410 can have a lower portion 412 that is adjacent to an upper portion 414 of an adjacent wall portion, and the adjacent wall portions can be connected by a connecting portion 416.

  The duct structure system 400 has a front and rear panel 430 that is connected to the wall portion 410 described above and a plurality of adjacent panels. These panels 430 have two front edges 432 bent outward to form a flange. The plurality of edges 432 of each panel are connected to adjacent edges of adjacent panels. The panels 430 also have outer edges 434 that are beveled or bent outwardly to form flanges that connect to corresponding adjacent wall portions.

  The duct structure system of the present invention improves internal pressure tolerance and cycle life. Duct structure system 400 has polygonal side, front, and rear panels that provide access to an arched wall that assists in pressure loading by approaching the stressed state of the thinned cylinder. The plurality of side panels and baffles for each passage are formed of two or three separate pieces cut and bent from a metal sheet. Each baffle can be welded to multiple side panels in an upper pass and a lower pass to facilitate weld access to the final assembly. The arcuate front and rear panel portions described above can be welded to the baffles along their centerlines and are connected together by welding along the edges of the flanges at their outer edges.

  The reactor system used different materials and the large temperature between the burner inlet in the first pass of the reactor and the last pass of the reactor through which gas flows to the superheater Thermal expansion occurs due to the difference and the large temperature difference between the average metal temperature of the duct structure and the average metal temperature of the heat exchanger tube. The panels of each pass can be formed of different materials along the length of the duct structure system based on the required strength of each pass and the heat and / or rust conditions in each pass.

  Compared to the rectangular duct structure shown in FIG. 3, for example, the duct system 400 described above has no local stress concentration, but rather distributes the stress. In fact, the pressure loading due to stress induced in the duct structure under normal operating environment of 0.7 psi is negligible, and under a detonation pressure of 150 psi, the duct structure system 400 is about half as large as a rectangular duct structure. It is shown by the calculation results that the maximum induced stress is shown.

  The embodiments shown and described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any way. Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. Therefore, within the scope of the appended claims, the present invention will be practiced otherwise than as specifically disclosed herein.

Claims (46)

  A first end and a second end, wherein the first end is configured to be attached to a first side of the duct structure, and the second end is the first end of the duct structure. The duct structure having an extended member configured to be attached to a second side of the duct structure opposite the one side and configured to extend across a flow path of the duct structure. Inner reinforcement member for.   The inner reinforcing member according to claim 1, wherein the first end portion of the extended member is configured to be attached to a baffle plate provided in the duct structure.   The inner reinforcing member according to claim 2, wherein the baffle plate is configured to be inserted and received through a row of a plurality of tubes of a heat exchanger disposed in the flow path.   Each has a first end and a second end, the first end is configured to be attached to the first side of the duct structure, and the second end is the duct structure. One or more additional extensions configured to be attached to the second side of the duct structure opposite the first side of and configured to extend across the flow path. The inner reinforcing member according to claim 1, further comprising a member.   The extended member and the one or more additional extended members are integrally formed in a panel having a first base portion, the first base portion being the extended base. Integrally connected to the first end of the member and the one or more additional extended members such that the first base portion is attached to the first side of the duct structure. The inner reinforcing member according to claim 4, which is configured.   The inner reinforcing member according to claim 5, wherein the first base portion has a plurality of mounting holes.   The panel has a second base portion integrally connected to the second end of the extended member and the one or more additional extended members, the second base The inner reinforcing member according to claim 5, wherein the portion is configured to be attached to the second side surface of the duct structure.   The inner reinforcing member according to claim 7, wherein the first base portion and the second base portion have a plurality of mounting holes.   The panel according to claim 7, wherein the panel extends substantially the entire length of the outer edge portion thereof, is configured to be attached to the duct structure, and has an attachment portion including the first base portion and the second base portion. Inner reinforcement member.   The inner reinforcing member according to claim 9, wherein the attachment portion has a plurality of attachment holes.   The panel is a flat sheet having a plurality of extended openings through which fluid flows, and the portion between the extended openings adjacent to the flat sheet is the extended member and the one or more. The inner reinforcing member according to claim 7, which is the additional extended member.   A transversely extending member having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is configured to be attached to a third side of the duct structure; The end portion of 2 is configured to be attached to the fourth side surface of the duct structure opposite to the third side surface of the duct structure, and the member extending in the transverse direction is the extended member. The inner reinforcing member according to claim 1, wherein the inner reinforcing member is configured to extend across the flow path in different directions.   The inner reinforcing member according to claim 12, wherein the transversely extending member extends in a direction substantially orthogonal to the extended member.   Each having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is configured to be attached to the third side of the duct structure, and the second end is the duct structure. One or more additional transverse directions configured to attach to the fourth side of the duct structure opposite the third side of the duct and to extend across the flow path The inner reinforcing member according to claim 12, further comprising a member extended to the inner side.   The extended member, the one or more additional extended members, the transversely extended member, and the one or more additional transversely extended members are flat. The inner reinforcing member according to claim 14, wherein the inner reinforcing member is integrally formed in a flexible panel.   The inner reinforcing member according to claim 15, wherein the flat panel has an attachment portion configured to extend substantially the entire length of an outer side portion thereof and to be attached to the duct structure.   The inner reinforcing member according to claim 16, wherein the attachment portion has a plurality of attachment holes. A duct having a plurality of duct panels coupled together to define a flow path extending through the duct;
A first end portion and a second end portion, wherein the first end portion is attached to the first duct panel among the plurality of duct panels, and the second end portion is the plurality of duct panels. An extended member attached to the second duct panel and extending across the flow path;
A duct structure system. A baffle having a first end attached to the first duct panel and a second end extending into the flow path;
The first end of the extended member is attached to the second end of the baffle, thereby allowing the extended member to pass through the baffle to the first duct panel. 19. A duct structure system according to claim 18, which provides a connection for the first end.   The duct structure system according to claim 19, wherein the baffle is configured to be inserted and received through a row of a plurality of tubes of a heat exchanger disposed in the flow path. Having a duct having a plurality of duct panels coupled together to define a flow path extending through the duct;
This duct is a duct structure system that includes means to resist damage caused to the duct by detonation in the duct.   The duct structure system of claim 21, wherein the means for resisting damage includes providing the duct with a zigzag contour.   The duct structure system of claim 21, wherein the means for resisting damage includes providing the duct with an accordion-shaped profile.   The duct structure system of claim 21, wherein the means for resisting damage includes providing the duct with at least one curved side along its long axis.   24. The duct structure system of claim 21, wherein the means for resisting damage includes providing the duct with at least one faceted side along its long axis.   The at least one faceted side is formed by providing a first duct panel having a first portion and a second portion of the plurality of duct panels, wherein the first portion is 26. The duct structure system of claim 25 provided at a non-zero angle with respect to the second portion.   27. The duct structure system of claim 26, wherein the first duct panel further comprises a third portion that forms a baffle in the flow path.   28. The duct structure system according to claim 27, wherein the baffle is configured to be inserted through a row of a plurality of tubes of a heat exchanger disposed in the flow path.   The means for resisting damage further comprises an extended member having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is attached to the baffle, and the second end is 28. The duct structure system according to claim 27, wherein the extended member is attached to a second duct panel of the plurality of duct panels, and the extended member extends across the flow path.   The at least one small side surface is formed by connecting a first duct panel of the plurality of duct panels to a second duct panel of the plurality of duct panels, and the first duct. 26. The duct structure system of claim 25, wherein panels are connected to the second duct panel at a non-zero angle.   The first duct panel is a flat metal sheet having a folded end, and the second duct panel is a flat metal sheet having a folded end, the first and 31. The folded end of a second duct panel is coupled in a parallel attitude to each other such that the main portions of the first and second duct panels are provided at the non-zero angle. The described duct structure system.   32. The duct structure system according to claim 31, wherein the end portions of the first and second duct panels are connected to each other by a bolt and nut fixture.   The duct structure system according to claim 32, wherein the ends of the end portions of the first and second duct panels are connected to each other by welding.   32. The duct structure system according to claim 31, wherein the ends of the end portions of the first and second duct panels are connected to each other by welding.   31. The duct structure system of claim 30, wherein the first duct panel has a baffle portion that extends into the flow path.   36. The duct structure system according to claim 35, wherein the baffle portion is configured to be inserted through a row of a plurality of tubes of a heat exchanger disposed in the flow path.   The means for resisting damage further comprises an extended member having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is attached to the baffle portion, and the second end 36. The duct structure system according to claim 35, wherein the duct member is attached to a third duct panel of the plurality of duct panels, and the extended member extends across the flow path.   The means for resisting damage further comprises an extended member having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is a first duct panel of the plurality of duct panels. 26. The duct structure of claim 25, wherein the duct structure is attached, the second end is attached to a second duct panel of the plurality of duct panels, and the extended member extends across the flow path. system. A baffle having a first end attached to the first duct panel and a second end extending into the flow path;
The first end of the extended member is attached to the second end of the baffle, thereby allowing the extended member to pass through the baffle to the first duct panel. 40. The duct structure system of claim 38, providing a connection for the first end.   The means for resisting damage has an extended member having a first end and a second end, and the first end is attached to the first duct panel of the plurality of duct panels. The duct structure system according to claim 21, wherein the second end is attached to a second duct panel of the plurality of duct panels, and the extended member extends across the flow path. . A baffle having a first end attached to the first duct panel and a second end extending into the flow path;
The first end of the extended member is attached to the second end of the baffle, thereby allowing the extended member to pass through the baffle to the first duct panel. 41. The duct structure system of claim 40, wherein the duct structure system provides a connection for the first end.   The duct structure system according to claim 41, wherein the baffle portion is configured to be inserted and received through a row of a plurality of tubes of a heat exchanger disposed in the flow path. A method of providing detonation damage resistance to a duct having a plurality of duct panels connected together to define a flow path extending through the duct, comprising:
Providing at least one bent side or at least one faceted side along the longitudinal axis of the duct.   44. The at least one bent side surface or the at least one faceted side surface is attached to or integrated with a baffle provided in the flow path of the duct. Method.   45. The method of claim 44, wherein the baffle is configured to receive a plurality of tube rows of heat exchangers provided in the flow path. A method of providing detonation damage resistance to a duct having a plurality of duct panels connected together to define a flow path extending through the duct, comprising:
Providing an inner reinforcing member extending across the flow path in the duct so as to connect at least two sides of the duct to each other.

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