JP2010530801A - Desalting - Google Patents

Abstract

  The desalination process includes heating salt water in a preheat chamber and transferring the salt water to a rotary kiln, which jets into its wall structure and boiles to vapor and salt / impurity residues. The steam present is sent to a heater with an external power source that is pressurized and heated in a compressor and fed to the hollow wall structure of the rotary kiln where the incoming brine Steam is condensed into pure water that is moved to a preheating chamber to preheat the steam, and the rotary kiln is arranged to rotate through a scraper to remove salt / impurities from the wall structure, and the rotary kiln Collected at the base of the.

Description

  The present invention relates to a desalination facility and a process of evaporative desalting.

  Global climate change and world-wide drought are placing emphasis on water, especially fresh water.

  One known means for producing fresh water is a means of passing desalting. There are two common means of desalting, evaporative desalting where salt water is evaporated and condensed into fresh water; and desalting by reverse osmosis.

  Both processes require large amounts of energy and are usually limited to locations along the sea where seawater is supplied immediately. However, there are many countries where the salt table is getting higher, which means a large amount of salt supply inland.

  These problems have resulted in the present invention.

  In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, salt water is boiled in a rotary kiln to form steam and residual salt, the steam is condensed to pure water in the same kiln, the residual salt from the base of the kiln. Removed.

  In accordance with an additional aspect of the present invention, a desalination facility is provided that includes a preheating chamber coupled to a rotatable kiln having a hollow wall structure, the kiln being connected to the hollow wall through a compressor. A gas outlet, which is likewise connected to a scraper placed against the inner wall of the preheating chamber and the kiln. During use, the salt water is heated in a preheating chamber and boiled in a rotary kiln to vapor and salt / impurity residue, the vapor is compressed and sent to a hollow wall structure, where the steam is , It is condensed into pure water fed into a preheating chamber for preheating the incoming salt water. The rotary kiln is arranged to rotate through a scraper to remove salt / impurities from its inner wall.

  In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kiln for a desalination facility comprising a hollow wall with a tapered base, the kiln comprising a plurality of vertically spaced spouts. Including a salt water infeed, the spout being arranged to direct salt water to the inner wall of the kiln, and a scraper located adjacent to the inner wall of the kiln, the shaft of the kiln Cause rotation.

It is a figure explaining embodiment of this invention.

  The present invention relates to a desalination facility in which salt water is boiled and then condensed to form fresh water. The salt produced as salt water is boiled and collected for disposal, and the heat of the steam is returned to the facility as energy. The present invention has the advantage of being energy efficient and completely evaporates salt water. That means that the by-products are only salt and fresh water. This is in contrast to most desalination facilities, where another by-product is water with a high concentration of salt, usually later returned to the sea.

  As shown in the accompanying figure, the desalination facility 10 is basically composed of a preheater 20, a rotary kiln 40, heaters 60 and 61 having two external power sources, a steam compressor 66, a pump 62, 63 and filters 64 and 65 are included.

  Inflow brine (often sea water or inland brine) is pumped by pump 62 at ambient temperature through a series of filters 64 to remove solid material from the brine. The filtered brine is then poured into the base 21 of the preheater 20 that has an insulated casing 22 and includes a helical copper heat exchanger 23. Then, it is fed into the kiln 40 from the outlet 24 of the copper heat exchanger 23 through the insulated outer casing 22. The kiln 40 includes a rotary kiln 42 with a double skin and includes an outer casing 41 mounted on a frustoconical hopper 43 located at the base. The upper part 44 of the double-skin kiln 42 has a hollow plug 45 protruding upward, the hollow plug 45 extends through the upper part of the insulating casing 41 and is pivoted by an electric motor 46 and a drive 47. Are combined. The kiln outer casing 41 also includes an output tube 50, the upper surface of the kiln 42 has four equally spaced outlet holes (not shown) to allow steam to exit the output tube 50. To.

  A rotating scraper 51 as an elongated spiral worm 52 extends upward through the base of the kiln 40, along the length of the kiln, adjacent to one side of the kiln 40 as shown. It grows up. The electric motor 53 and the gear box (not shown) drive the rotary scraper 51 adjacent to the inner wall of the kiln 42.

  Brine is supplied from the heat exchanger 23 and is routed through the side walls of the kiln 40 into the vertically extending column 54 of the double skin kiln 42, spaced along the column 54. It is spouted to the inner wall of the kiln through a plurality of spouts 55. The interior of the double wall structure of the kiln 42 has a helical passage 56 extending from the top to the bottom and a conduit 57 returning from the bottom of the passage to the hollow plug 45.

  The outlet pipe 50 allows the steam generated when salt water is jetted to the hot inner wall of the kiln to be compressed in the steam compressor 66 before leaving the kiln and being fed into the first electrically powered heater 60. In addition, the steam passage is made smooth. The compressor 66 produces 100 ° C. steam and ensures that the kiln 40 operates with a slight vacuum (0.5 bar). The heater 60 heats the steam leaving the compressor 66 at a pressure of 1 bar to a temperature of about 150 ° C. Outgoing steam is passed through a double rotary port 70 mounted at the end of the plug, which passes through the first passage 71 communicating with the top of the helical passage 56, the double of the kiln 42. Have between skins. The vapor is then spiraled down along the length of the kiln 42 until it condenses and is transported across the base. As the steam cools from 150 ° C. at the top of the kiln to 110 ° C. at the bottom, the inner wall of the kiln 42 is heated to ensure that the preheated brine will boil as it is jetted onto the wall. The return conduit 57 supplies condensed pure water at a temperature of about 110 ° C. and a pressure of 0.5 bar along the second passage 72 into the rotary plug 45, to the rotary port 70 and for preheating. Feed along a feedback loop 75 that feeds into the top of the vessel 20. Water enters the preheater at 110 ° C., and the heat is transferred to the copper coil 23 and collected at the base of the chamber 20. Pump 63 then pumps the cooling water at ambient temperature to be routed into a set of filters 65 for collection through discharge port 68.

  As the brine in the kiln 42 boils, salt and impurity residues are dropped into the base hopper 43 for collection. Residual salt also tends to stick to the inner wall of the kiln 42, and the rotary spigot 51 is located very close to the wall (about 1 mm) so that as the kiln rotates, salt deposits are removed. And salt deposits fall into the worm 52 for collection at the base of the turncock. Both the hopper 43 and the rotary scraper 51 have outlets 78, 79 with double valves, which are double-layered so that salt is released without air into the chamber in an incomplete vacuum. Provides a sealing effect. This is accomplished by a pair of interlocking discharge valves at each outlet. The salt moves through the tube and rests on the upper surface of the closed valve, behind which is the same valve. The two valves are operated electronically timed. Those valves are never both opened simultaneously. When enough salt has collected at the upper valve, the valve is opened, allowing the salt to fall into the lower closed valve. The upper valve then closes before the lower valve is opened to release salt.

  The kiln is operated at a pressure below atmospheric pressure to ensure that incoming steam can condense at temperatures above 100 ° C. The kiln wall temperature fluctuates from about 150 ° C at the top to about 110 ° C at the base, where the salt water entering the kiln placed at a pressure of about 99 ° C and 1 bar is jetted to the kiln wall. Guarantee that when boiling. The steam is then collected by the compressor 66 and then compressed, further raising its temperature. The external heater 60 then ensures that the steam is heated to 150 ° C. at a pressure of 1 bar. At that point, the steam is returned to the heat exchanger defined by the double wall of the kiln 42. That steam is the heat used to boil the brine. Once the vapor condenses into a liquid placed in a slight vacuum at a temperature of 110 ° C., it passes through the bypass passage 75 to enter the preheater 20 and again, the heat of the water is transferred to the coil 23 at ambient temperature. Helps preheat salt water at, and ensures that it leaves the preheater at a temperature of about 99 ° C.

  In this method, the desalination facility not only causes a substantial complete evaporation of the salt water so that the salt / impurity residue is gradually collected as a solid at its base as the process operates, It also has the advantage that energy is conserved in the sense that the latent heat used to boil is supplemented with latent heat released by the condensation of steam in that same kiln. The heat of boiling brine is used to assist in heating the kiln 40 and the heat present in the condensed pure water is used in the preheating chamber 20. External use of the power source is limited to pumps 62, 63, drive motors 46, 53, external electric heater 60, and steam compressor 66.

  The kiln is rotated at a rate that produces 4G centrifugal force where the incoming brine is jetted to the hot inner wall of the kiln, ensuring high contact conductivity for boiling the brine faster. The rotational speed also minimizes the insulating effect on the inflowing steam that heats the inner wall of the kiln, which releases condensed liquid from the walls of the helical chamber and this liquid can bring about. .

  The salt / impurity residue is then subjected to a variety of separation processes to extract marketable components from the residue.

  The above desalination facility has one additional component that is required, which is to ensure start-up. In order to ensure that the components reach the desired temperature for the process to operate, a bypass loop 80 is provided in the process to draw pure water and pump it into an external electric heater 61. The water is heated to boil and evaporate at 150 ° C., and then sent to the outlet of the first heater 60 for subsequent delivery into the rotary port 70 and the kiln 40 It is sent in. Water having a temperature of 150 ° C passes through the helical double wall of kiln 42 to ensure that the inner wall of the kiln is at the desired temperature. The water then condenses at the base of the kiln 42 and passes back through the rotary port 70 and back onto the preheater 20, as well as the incoming brine reaches the desired temperature of 99 ° C. Like that. Once the component has reached the desired temperature, the isolation valves 81, 82 at the beginning and end of the feedback loop 80 ensure that the process will then start operating with a salt water injection. Close.

  The following claims and the above description of the invention include the term “comprising” or “comprising” or “having”, except where the context requires it by verbal expressions or necessary implications. Are used in a generic sense (ie, to clarify the presence of a defined feature, but not to exclude the presence or addition of additional features in various embodiments of the invention). Yes.

Claims (22)

  The brine is boiled in a rotating kiln so as to form steam and residual salt, the steam is condensed into pure water in the kiln, and the residual salt is removed from the base of the kiln. Characterized desalination process.   The desalination process of claim 1, wherein the kiln has a hollow wall and the steam is condensed into pure water at the hollow wall of the kiln.   The desalination process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steam is compressed and heated before being transferred to the kiln.   The condensed steam is fed into the preheating chamber as a heating medium to heat the influent brine at ambient temperature, and the condensed steam is continuously collected from the preheater as pure water. A desalting process according to any one of the preceding claims.   The desalination process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the kiln is rotated by a column of spouts that spout salt water onto the walls of the kiln, spaced vertically.   The desalination process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein salt deposits are removed from the walls of the kiln.   The desalination process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein salt deposits are removed from the base of the kiln through a controlled discharge valve.   A desalination process according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the start-up line comprises a hot water source controlled by a separation valve, the hot water being fed into the kiln to preheat the kiln.   Removing the salt water in the preheating chamber and moving the salt water to the rotary kiln to spout the wall structure of the rotary kiln to boil the vapor and salt / impurity residue. Outgoing steam, which is a salt process, is pressurized in a compressor and sent for heating to a heater operating with an external power source and then fed into the hollow wall structure of the rotary kiln, where the rotary kiln In which the steam condenses into pure water that is moved to the preheating chamber to preheat incoming salt water, and the rotary kiln is at the base of the kiln to remove salt / impurities from the wall structure. A desalination process, characterized in that it is arranged to rotate through a scraper for collection.   A preheating chamber coupled to a rotary kiln having a hollow wall structure, the kiln having a gas outlet connected to the hollow wall of the kiln through a compressor, the gas outlet likewise comprising a preheating chamber and the Connected to a scraper placed against the inner wall of the kiln, so that in use, salt water is heated in the preheating chamber and boiled to steam and salt / impurity residues in the rotary kiln, Steam is pumped into a hollow wall structure that is compressed and condensed into pure water that is moved to a preheating chamber to preheat the incoming salt water, the rotary kiln to remove salt / impurities from the inner wall The desalination equipment is arranged to rotate through the scraper.   The desalination facility according to claim 10, wherein a heater operated by an external power source is located between the compressor and the hollow wall structure of the kiln.   12. A desalination facility according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the hollow wall structure of the kiln defines a helical passage through which the steam passes and condenses into pure water.   A series of vertically spaced spouts are located inside the kiln such that salt water can be spouted onto the rotating inner wall of the kiln during use. Item 13. A desalination facility according to any one of Items 10 to 12.   14. A desalination facility according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the kiln has a tapered base from which salt / impurity residues collect.   15. A desalination facility according to claim 14, wherein a control valve is located at the base of the kiln and facilitates collection of the salt / impurity residue from the base of the kiln.   The desalination facility according to any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the scraper is capable of axial rotation.   An activation line feeds water through the heater to the kiln wall structure, and at least one isolation valve controls the operation of the activation line, and the kiln wall structure is at a desired temperature before the brine enters. The desalination facility according to any one of claims 10 to 16, which guarantees that   A demineralizer kiln having a hollow wall with a tapered base, the kiln comprising a salt water infeed comprising a plurality of vertically spaced jets, the jet comprising a salt water The scraper is positioned adjacent to the inner wall of the kiln and causes axial rotation of the kiln.   The kiln of claim 18, wherein the hollow wall defines a helical passage through which steam can be condensed during use.   20. A kiln according to claim 19, wherein the helical passage extends from the top to the base and back to the top.   21. The kiln according to any one of claims 18 to 20, comprising driving means for rotating the scraper in an axial direction.   A kiln according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein an interlocking discharge valve is located at the base of the kiln.

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