JP2010511051A - 心臓病理学を処置するための筋肉由来の細胞およびその作製法および使用法 - Google Patents
心臓病理学を処置するための筋肉由来の細胞およびその作製法および使用法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
移植後に長期的な生存を示す新規な筋由来始原細胞(MDC)およびMDC組成物を提供することが本発明の1つの目的である。本発明のMDCおよびMDCを含有する組成物は、デスミン、M−カドヘリン、MyoD、ミオゲニン、CD34およびBcl−2のような始原細胞マーカーを発現する初期前駆筋細胞、すなわち筋由来幹細胞を含む。加えて、これらの初期前駆筋細胞は、Flk−1、Sca−1、MNFおよびc−met細胞マーカーを発現するが、CD45またはc−Kit細胞マーカーを発現しない。
本発明は、体組織、好ましくは軟組織への移植後に長期的な生存率を示す初期始原細胞(ここでは筋由来始原細胞または筋由来幹細胞とも称する)から成るMDCを提供する。本発明のMDCを得るため、筋外植片、好ましくは骨格筋を動物ドナーから、好ましくはヒトを含む哺乳動物から入手する。この外植片は、筋始原細胞の「休止細胞(rests)」を含む構造的および機能的シンシチウムとして働く(T.A.Partridgeら、1978,Nature 73:306−8;B.H.Liptonら、1979,Science 205:12924)。
本発明の1つの実施形態では、MDCを骨格筋供給源から単離し、対象とする筋または非筋軟組織部位または骨構造に導入または移植する。好都合には、本発明のMDCは、移植後に長期的な生存を示す多数の始原細胞を含むように単離され、冨化される。加えて、本発明の筋由来始原細胞は、デスミン、CD34およびBcl−2のような多くの特徴的細胞マーカーを発現する。さらに、本発明の筋由来始原細胞は、Sca−1およびFlk−1細胞マーカーを発現するが、CD45またはc−Kit細胞マーカーを発現しない(実施例1参照)。
本発明のもう1つの態様では、本発明のMDCは、1またはそれ以上の活性生体分子をコードする核酸配列を含むように、およびタンパク質、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、ホルモン、代謝産物、薬剤、酵素等を含むこれらの生体分子を発現するように遺伝的に操作され得る。そのようなMDCは、ヒトを含むレシピエントに対して組織適合性(自系)または非組織適合性(同種異系)であり得る。これらの細胞は、様々な治療のため、たとえば癌、移植拒絶反応、および筋および神経組織の再生、糖尿病、肝不全、腎不全、パーキンソン病のような神経障害および疾患のような疾患および疾病の治療のため、およびここで述べるように、治療薬などの遺伝子産物を組織増加または空隙補填の部位に送達するための、長期的な局所送達システムとしての機能を果たすことができる。
MDCの冨化、単離および分析
MDCの冨化と単離:MDCを、記述されているように(Chancellorらの米国特許第6,866,842号)作製した。筋外植片を多くの供給源の後肢から、すなわち3週齢のmdx(ジストロフィー)マウス(C57BL/10ScSn mdx/mdx,Jackson Laboratories)、4−6週齢の正常雌性SD(Sprague Dawley)ラット、またはSCID(重症複合型免疫不全)マウスの後肢から得た。動物ソースの各々からの筋組織を切開して骨を除去し、切り刻んでスラリーにした。次にスラリーを、0.2%XI型コラゲナーゼ、ジスパーゼ(グレードII、240単位)および0.1%トリプシンとの37℃で1時間の連続インキュベーションによって消化した。生じた細胞懸濁液を18、20および22ゲージの針に通し、3000rpm で5分間遠心分離した。その後、細胞を増殖培地(10%ウシ胎仔血清、10%ウマ血清、0.5%ニワトリ胚抽出物および2%ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシンを添加したDMEM)に懸濁した。次に細胞をコラーゲン被覆したフラスコでプレプレーティングした(Chancellorらの米国特許第6,866,842号)。約1時間後、上清をフラスコから取り出し、新鮮コラーゲン被覆フラスコに再プレーティングした。この1時間のインキュベーション内に迅速に接着した細胞は主として線維芽細胞であった(Z.Quら、前出;Chancellorらの米国特許第6,866,842号)。細胞の30−40%が各フラスコに接着した後、上清を取り出し、再プレーティングした。約5−6回の連続プレーティング後、培養物を、出発細胞集団から単離され、さらなる試験において使用される、PP6細胞と称される小さな円形細胞で冨化した。初期プレーティングで単離された接着細胞を一緒にプールし、PP1−4細胞と称した。
MDCベクターおよびトランスフェクション
レトロウイルスおよびアデノウイルスベクター:MFG−NB(N.Ferryら、1991,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 88:8377−81)レトロウイルスベクターをMDC実験のために使用した。このベクターは、ロングターミナルリピート(LTR)から転写されたシミアンウイルス(SV40)ラージT抗原からクローニングされた核局在化配列を含む修飾LacZ遺伝子(NLS−LacZ)を含む。レトロウイルス株を増殖させ、以前に述べられているように調製した(J.C.van Deutekomら、1998,Neuromuscul.Disord.8:135−48)。レトロウイルスの力価は1×107−1×109cfu/mlと測定された。
皮膚の軟組織増加
MDCおよびコラーゲンの注射:SDラットを、標準的な方法を用いてハロタンで麻酔し、Betadine(登録商標)溶液で手術部位を洗浄することによって手術用に準備した。下腹部の皮膚に、ハミルトンマイクロシリンジを用いてHBSS中のMDC懸濁液10μl(約1−1.5×106細胞)、市販のウシコラーゲン(Contigen(商標);C.R.Bard,Covington,Ga.)10μl、または滅菌食塩水10μlのいずれかを注射した。注射後5日目、2週間目および4週間目に、各注射部位の周囲の領域を切除し、組織化学分析用に調製して、顕微鏡で検査し、写真撮影した。組織化学分析は、ヘマトキシリン、エオシンまたはトリクローム染色を含んだ。
胃食道接合部および肛門括約筋の軟組織増加
SDラットを上述したように手術のために準備した。胃食道接合部および肛門括約筋を露出させるために腹部正中切開を実施した。ハミルトンマイクロシリンジを用いて軟組織にHBSS中の筋由来始原細胞懸濁液10μl(1−1.5×106細胞)を注射した。注射後3日目に、各注射部位の周囲の領域を切除し、組織化学分析用に調製して、LacZマーカーを担持する細胞の局在と生存能を調べるためにβ−ガラクトシダーゼで染色し、顕微鏡で検査して、写真撮影した。これらの実験の結果は、MDC組成物が、胃食道逆流または便失禁症状または状態の治療のために食道および肛門括約筋増量材料として使用できることを明らかにする(図2Aおよび2B)。
膀胱尿管接合部の軟組織増加
SDラットを上述したように手術のために準備した。尿管−膀胱(膀胱尿管)接合部を露出させるために腹部正中切開を実施した。ハミルトンマイクロシリンジを用いて組織にHBSS中のMDC懸濁液10μl(1−1.5×106細胞)を注射した。注射後3日目に、各注射部位の周囲の領域を切除し、組織化学分析用に調製して、LacZマーカーを担持する細胞の局在と生存能を調べるためにβ−ガラクトシダーゼで染色し、顕微鏡で検査して、写真撮影した。これらの結果は、MDCに基づく組成物が、膀胱尿管逆流症状または状態の治療のために尿管膀胱増加材料として使用できることを明らかにする(図3Aおよび3B)。
低温損傷膀胱組織のMDC治療
低温損傷とMDC移植:SDラットを上述したように手術のために準備した。膀胱と尿道を露出させるために下腹部正中切開を実施した。次に膀胱に食塩水1mlを満たした。ドライアイス上で冷却した直径8mmのアルミニウム棒で低温損傷を実施した。冷却した探針を膀胱壁の一方の側に15または30秒間(それぞれ「軽度」または「重度」損傷と称する)当てる。低温損傷後直ちに、1つの重度損傷群に本発明の筋由来細胞(HBSS 15μl中1−1.5×106細胞)を注射し、対照重度損傷群にはHBSS(15μl)を注射した(n=3/群)。低温損傷の1週間後、その他の軽度および重度損傷群にHBSS 50μl中のMDC懸濁液(2−3×106細胞)を注射し、対照軽度および重度損傷群にはHBSS 50μlを注射した(n=4/群)。各々の群に関して、注射は、30ゲージの針とハミルトンマイクリシリンジを用いて損傷領域の中心に実施した。
心筋層の軟組織増加
SDラットを上述したように手術のために準備した。心臓を露出させるために胸部切開を実施した。ハミルトンマイクロシリンジを用いてHBSS中のMDC懸濁液10μl(1−1.5×106細胞)を心室壁に注射した。3日目に、各注射部位の周囲の領域を切除し、組織化学分析用に調製して、LacZマーカーを担持する細胞の局在と生存能を調べるためにβ−ガラクトシダーゼで染色し、顕微鏡で検査して、写真撮影した。これらの実験の結果は、MDC組成物が、心不全または心筋梗塞に続発する傷害または脱力の治療のために心筋軟組織増加材料として使用できることを明らかにする(図7Aおよび7B)。
肝臓、脾臓および脊髄組織へのMDC注射
SDラットを上述したように手術のために準備した。肝臓および脾臓を露出させるために腹部正中切開を実施した。両方の部位に、ハミルトンマイクロシリンジを用いてHBSS中のMDC懸濁液10μl(1−1.5×106細胞)を注射した。同時に、脊髄を露出させるために背部正中切開と部分椎弓切除術を実施した。次に、レベルT10の脊髄組織に、肝臓および脾臓組織に関して実施したようにHBSS中のMDC懸濁液を注射した。
注射後4日目に、各注射部位の周囲の領域を切除し、組織化学分析用に調製して、LacZマーカーを担持する細胞の局在と生存能を調べるためにβ−ガラクトシダーゼで染色し、顕微鏡で検査して、写真撮影した。これらの実験は、MDC組成物が、様々な肝臓、脾臓および脊髄の損傷、疾患または機能不全を治療するために肝臓、脾臓および脊髄軟組織増加材料として使用できることを示す(図8A、8B、9A、9B、10Aおよび10B)。
骨欠損のMDC治療
筋由来細胞の単離:MDCを、実施例1で述べたようにmdxマウスから得た。
緩慢接着ヒトMDCは性質としてより筋形成性であり、誘発性心筋梗塞を有するマウスにおいて左心室機能を改善する。
6名の異なるドナー(男性3名と女性3名)の組織から単離した細胞において、我々は、急速接着MDCの集団が、緩慢接着MDCの集団(平均71.0%)と比較したとき、より低いレベルの筋形成マーカーCD56発現を示す(6集団すべての平均、49.5%)ことを認めた(図17)。各群について同数の細胞を、筋形成分化を誘導する条件に供したとき、急速接着MDC(平均69U/L)は緩慢接着MDC(平均142U/L)よりも低いクレアチンキナーゼ活性レベルを示し(図17)、緩慢接着細胞が急速接着細胞よりも多量の筋を生産できることを指示した。合わせて考慮すると、これらの結果は、緩慢接着MDCの集団が、急速接着MDCの集団と比較したとき、より筋形成性であり(CD56含量)、筋生成に関してより強力である(CK活性)ことを示唆する(図17)。
我々は、心臓内注射用にパッケージし、凍結したMDC(57歳の男性ドナーから単離した)の解凍後試料を分析した。どちらの細胞集団も解凍直後には等しく高い割合の生存能を有しており(92%)、両集団の細胞の非常に高いパーセンテージが注射の時点で生存可能であることを指示した(表1)。筋形成マーカーCD56を発現した細胞の割合は、表4に示すように、急速接着MDCと緩慢接着MDCについてそれぞれ43.8%と85.1%であった。
2つの理由から、57歳の男性から単離したMDCを心臓内注射のために使用した。第一に、このドナーからの急速および緩慢接着細胞集団は、表5および図17に示すようにその他のドナーから単離した細胞を代表する筋形成特性を示した。
Claims (22)
- 凍結ヒト筋由来始原細胞(MDC)を含む医薬組成物であって、該MDCが、
(a)ヒト骨格筋細胞を第一細胞培養容器中で30〜120分間懸濁する工程;
(b)培地を該第一細胞培養容器から第二細胞培養容器に傾瀉する工程;
(c)該培地中に残存する細胞を該第二細胞培養容器の壁に付着させる工程;
(d)該第二細胞培養容器の壁から該細胞を単離する工程;
(e)細胞数を増大させるために該細胞を培養する工程;および
(f)該細胞を凍結する工程
を含む方法に従って単離され、凍結細胞がヒトMDCである、医薬組成物。 - 前記MDCが−30℃未満の温度で凍結される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記MDCが−70℃未満の温度で凍結される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記MDCがドライアイス上で凍結される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 治療を必要とするヒト被験体において心臓状態によって引き起こされる心臓の欠陥を治療する方法であって、
(a)該ヒト被験体から骨格筋細胞を単離する工程;
(b)該細胞を10℃未満の温度に冷却する工程;
(c)ヒト骨格筋細胞を第一細胞培養容器中で30〜120分間懸濁する工程;
(d)培地を該第一細胞培養容器から第二細胞培養容器に傾瀉する工程;
(e)該培地中に残存する細胞を該第二細胞培養容器の壁に付着させる工程;
(f)該第二細胞培養容器の壁から該細胞を単離する工程であって、単離された細胞がMDCである、工程;
(g)細胞数を増大させるために該細胞を培養する工程;
(h)該MDCを−30℃未満の温度で凍結する工程;および
(i)該MDCを解凍して、該ヒト被験体の心臓に該MDCを投与する工程;
を含み、それによって治療を必要とするヒト被験体において心臓状態によって引き起こされる心臓の欠陥を治療する、方法。 - 前記心臓状態が、心筋梗塞、心不全、アダムズ‐ストークス病、先天性心疾患、狭心症、不整脈、心房細動、細菌性心内膜炎、心筋症、うっ血性心不全、拡張機能障害、心雑音および心室期外収縮から成る群より選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記心臓状態が前記ヒト被験体において開始する前に、前記骨格筋細胞が該ヒト被験体から単離される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記心臓状態が前記ヒト被験体において開始した後に、前記骨格筋細胞が該ヒト被験体から単離される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記MDCが、前記心臓に該MDCを注射する工程によって投与される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記MDCが前記心臓壁に注射される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 心機能の改善を必要とする哺乳動物被験体において心機能を改善する方法であって、
(a)ヒト被験体から骨格筋細胞を単離する工程;
(b)ヒト骨格筋細胞を第一細胞培養容器中で30〜120分間懸濁する工程;
(c)培地を該第一細胞培養容器から第二細胞培養容器に傾瀉する工程;
(d)該培地中に残存する細胞を該第二細胞培養容器の壁に付着させる工程;
(e)該第二細胞培養容器の壁から該細胞を単離する工程であって、単離された細胞がMDCである、工程;および
(f)該MDCを該ヒト被験体の心臓に投与する工程;
を含み、それによって心機能を改善を必要とする哺乳動物被験体において心機能を改善する、方法。 - 前記心機能の改善が、左心室収縮性の改善である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記MDCが、前記心臓に該MDCを注射する工程によって投与される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記MDCが心臓壁に注射される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記MDCが、前記ヒト被験体の心臓に投与される前にその数を増大させるために培養される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物骨格筋由来始原細胞(MDC)の目標集団を単離する方法であって、
(a)ヒト骨格筋細胞を第一細胞培養容器中で30〜120分間懸濁する工程;
(b)培地を該第一細胞培養容器から第二細胞培養容器に傾瀉する工程;
(c)該培地中に残存する細胞を該第二細胞培養容器の壁に付着させる工程;および
(d)該第二細胞培養容器の壁から該細胞を単離する工程;
を含み、それによってMDCの目標集団を単離する、方法。 - 前記MDCがその後凍結される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記MDCが−30℃未満の温度で凍結される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記MDCが−70℃未満の温度で凍結される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記MDCがドライアイス上で凍結される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項17に記載の方法。
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US20090010897A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
US8211423B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
EP2097088A2 (en) | 2009-09-09 |
AU2007325698B2 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
AU2007325698A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
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