JP2010264943A - Automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automobile for effectively utilizing heat from sunlight to increase an inside temperature of the automobile, for instance, in a winter season. <P>SOLUTION: The automobile 1 includes an automotive vehicle body 2 provided with a lighting portion 11 through which sunlight X is transmissive to an inside, and a heat storage material 3 located inside the automotive vehicle body 2 to be irradiated with sunlight X transmitted through the lighting portion 11 while storing heat of sunlight X. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an automobile provided with a daylighting portion that transmits sunlight to the inside and that uses a heat storage material.

  Currently available vehicles include a fuel vehicle using an internal combustion engine, an electric vehicle using an electric motor, or a hybrid vehicle using an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. These automobiles are provided with an air conditioning unit in order to adjust the temperature inside the vehicle.

  In order to adjust the temperature in the automobile, it has been proposed to use a heat storage material. For example, Patent Document 1 below discloses that a heat storage material is disposed in an automobile and heat generated from a heat source in the automobile is stored by the heat storage material. The heat stored by the heat storage material is used for air conditioning in the vehicle. Examples of the heat source in the automobile include an internal combustion engine and an electric motor.

JP-A-6-99724

  In patent document 1, in order to store the heat which generate | occur | produced from the heat source inside a vehicle instead of the exterior of a vehicle, only the thermal storage material is used. Here, it is necessary to arrange a heat storage material near the heat source, or a complicated mechanism must be provided in order to transmit the heat generated from the heat source to the heat storage material. Moreover, it is difficult to use many heat storage materials, and sufficient heat may not be stored.

  In a fuel vehicle, a large amount of heat is generated by driving the engine. For this reason, the interior of the vehicle can be warmed by using the heat generated by driving the engine. On the other hand, in an electric vehicle, the amount of heat generated by driving an electric motor is extremely small. For this reason, it is difficult to sufficiently warm the interior of the vehicle by using heat generated by driving the electric motor. Further, even in a hybrid vehicle, for example, the amount of heat generated when starting with an electric motor or traveling with an electric motor is small.

  Therefore, in an electric vehicle, it may be difficult to sufficiently store heat generated by driving the electric motor in the heat storage material. In addition, even in a hybrid vehicle, it may be difficult to sufficiently store heat in the heat storage material as compared to a vehicle using an internal combustion engine. For this reason, for example, it may be difficult to raise the temperature inside the vehicle sufficiently in winter.

  Furthermore, in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, it is necessary to use, for example, an electric heater for heating in order to warm the interior of the vehicle. For this reason, electric power is consumed in order to warm the inside of a vehicle, and the running cost of a motor vehicle may become very bad.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an automobile capable of effectively utilizing heat from sunlight, for example, capable of increasing the temperature in a vehicle in winter.

  According to a wide aspect of the present invention, an automobile body provided with a daylighting part that transmits sunlight into the interior, and arranged in the automobile body so as to be irradiated with sunlight that has passed through the daylighting part, An automobile is provided that includes a heat storage material that stores heat from sunlight.

  On the specific situation with the motor vehicle which concerns on this invention, the heat insulating material is arrange | positioned at the said lighting part.

  In another specific aspect of the automobile according to the present invention, a solar cell is disposed in the daylighting unit.

  In another specific aspect of the automobile according to the present invention, the daylighting unit is a sunroof.

  The vehicle according to the present invention is preferably an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

  In this invention, since the thermal storage material is arrange | positioned in the motor vehicle main body so that the sunlight which permeate | transmitted the lighting part may be irradiated, the heat from sunlight can be used effectively. For this reason, for example, the temperature inside the vehicle can be increased in winter.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view showing a cross section of a part of the automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway cross-sectional view showing an example of a heat insulating material that can be used in an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be clarified by describing specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  An automobile 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an automobile body 2. The automobile body 2 is provided with a daylighting unit 11. The daylighting unit 11 is provided on the ceiling of the automobile body 2. The daylighting unit 11 is a sunroof. The daylighting unit 11 is configured to transmit sunlight X into the automobile body 2.

  The automobile body 2 has an automobile window 2a at the front, an automobile window 2b at the side, and an automobile window 2c at the rear. The automobile windows 2 a to 2 c are daylighting portions that transmit sunlight into the automobile body 2. The daylighting unit may be an automobile window. However, since the heat from sunlight can be used more effectively, it is preferable that the lighting unit 11 other than the automobile windows 2a to 2c is provided. Since the heat from sunlight can be used more effectively, the daylighting unit 11 is preferably provided on the ceiling of the automobile body 2 and more preferably a sunroof.

  FIG. 2 is a side view showing the automobile 1 with a part of the automobile 1 in cross section. As shown in FIG. 2, a floor member 12 is disposed in the automobile body 2. A plurality of seats 13 are arranged on the floor member 12. The seat 13 includes a seat body 13a and a covering layer 13b that covers the surface of the seat body 13a. The seat body 13a includes a seating portion, a backrest portion, and a pillow portion. The covering portion 13b is provided on the surface on the side where the person is seated, and is provided on each of the seating portion, the backrest portion, and the pillow portion.

  In the present embodiment, the floor member 12 and the covering layer 13 b are the heat storage material 3. The floor member 12 and the covering layer 13b are arranged such that at least a part of the floor member 12 and the covering layer 13b can be irradiated with sunlight transmitted through the daylighting unit 11.

  The heat storage material 3 should just be arrange | positioned in the motor vehicle main body 2 so that the sunlight which permeate | transmitted the lighting part 11 may be irradiated, and the arrangement | positioning location of the heat storage material 3 is not specifically limited. For example, the heat storage material 3 may be an interior part such as a dashboard, a door trim, a floor mat disposed on the floor member 12, a box disposed between the seats 13, or a tonneau cover disposed on a cargo bed. These heat storage materials as interior parts are arranged so that at least a part of the heat storage material can be irradiated with sunlight transmitted through the daylighting unit 11.

  In the present embodiment, the daylighting unit 11 is provided in the automobile main body 2 and the heat storage material 3 is arranged in the automobile main body 2 so that the sunlight transmitted through the daylighting unit 11 is irradiated. Can be stored in the heat storage material 3. The automobile 1 is a passive solar car that uses a solar system and can heat and cool the interior of the automobile body 2 by means of materials and design without using power. In the automobile 1, heat from sunlight can be used effectively. For example, the interior of the vehicle can be warmed by the heat storage material 3, and the temperature of the internal space of the automobile body 2 can be increased in winter.

  It is preferable that the heat storage material 3 has a property of changing phase with temperature. The heat storage material 3 has a property of absorbing or releasing heat, for example, when the phase changes from a liquid state to a solid state and from a solid state to a liquid state. As the heat storage material constituting the heat storage material 3, any of an inorganic heat storage material and an organic heat storage material can be used. Examples of the inorganic heat storage material include calcium chloride pentahydrate and sodium sulfate hydrate. Examples of the organic heat storage material include aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids and alcohols. As for the said thermal storage material, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.

  The organic heat storage material is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon having a melting point of 0 ° C. or higher and lower than 50 ° C. Examples of such aliphatic hydrocarbons include pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, icosane and docosan.

  The heat storage material 3 may be a coated heat storage particle having a heat storage material and a coating layer covering the surface of the heat storage material. The use of the coated heat storage particles can suppress the flow and volatilization of the heat storage material when liquid.

  Examples of the coated heat storage particles include microencapsulated heat storage particles in which an organic heat storage component such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon is a core material (core portion), and an acrylic resin, a melamine resin, or the like is a coating layer. These heat storage particles are prepared in water by, for example, a known interfacial polymerization method.

  Examples of the heat storage particles include a porous particle and an organic heat storage component filled in the pores of the porous particle, and a urethane resin, an epoxy resin, a urea resin, a modified silicone resin, and the like are coating layers. . Examples of the porous particles include diatomaceous earth, amorphous wet method silica, amorphous dry method silica, calcium silicate porous material, magnesium aluminate metasilicate, crystalline cellulose, and open-cell foamed urethane. .

  The coated heat storage particles are preferably formed by stirring and dispersing a heat storage component and porous particles in water. When stirring and dispersing, for example, an isocyanate, an isocyanate and a polyfunctional alcohol, a modified silicone resin and a tin catalyst, and an epoxy resin and an amine compound are added to water to form a coating layer.

  The method of using the coated heat storage particles as the heat storage material and the form of the heat storage material are not limited.

  Examples of the heat storage material include a sheet-like heat storage material in which the coated heat storage particles in a water suspension state are absorbed into a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or glass wool and then dried after being dried. In addition, a heat storage material formed into a plate shape by adding a water-curable inorganic material such as cement or gypsum to the coated heat storage particles in a water suspension state is also included.

  After these coated heat storage particles are obtained in a suspended state in water, they can be dried by a spray drying method or the like. The coated thermal storage particles in a dry state are filled in a vehicle interior coating material or a seat cushion material made of urethane. Or what dried the particle | grains packaged with the aluminum material or the plastic material can also be used.

  It is preferable that a heat insulating material is disposed in the daylighting unit 11. Since the heat storage material 3 is disposed in the automobile body 2 and the heat insulating material is disposed in the daylighting unit 11, the temperature in the vehicle can be further effectively increased in winter, for example.

The heat insulating material is preferably a daylighting heat insulating material that transmits sunlight. From the viewpoint of effectively utilizing heat from sunlight, the visible light transmittance of the daylighting heat insulating material is preferably 20% or more, and particularly preferably 60% or more. The thermal conductivity is 0.04 W / K · m.
The following is preferable.

  In FIG. 3, an example of the heat insulating material which can be used for the motor vehicle 1 of this embodiment is shown with a partially cutaway sectional view.

  The heat insulating material 21 shown in FIG. 3 includes a plurality of resin films 22 and first and second gaps arranged between the plurality of resin films 22 so as to form an air layer S between the plurality of resin films 22. Members 23 and 24. From the viewpoint of enhancing the heat insulating effect, the heat insulating material may include a plurality of resin films and a gap forming member disposed between the plurality of resin films so as to form an air layer between the plurality of resin films. preferable. The heat insulating material preferably includes three or more resin films.

  The first gap forming member 23 is disposed in the region of the outer peripheral edge of the resin film 22. The air layer S is preferably sealed by the first gap forming member 23. The first gap forming member 23 is preferably a sealing member. In these cases, the heat insulation effect can be further enhanced.

  The second gap forming member 24 is disposed in a region inside the outer peripheral edge of the resin film 22. It is preferable that the 2nd clearance gap formation member 24 is a partition member arrange | positioned between the some resin films 22 so that the air layer S between the some resin films 22 may be divided into plurality. In this case, the heat insulation effect can be further enhanced.

  Examples of the material constituting the resin film 22 include polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene, acrylic, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, and cellulose triacetate.

  The thickness of the resin film 22 is about 10 to 300 μm. Since the heat insulation effect can be further enhanced, the thickness of the air layer S is preferably in the range of 100 μm to 3 mm. Moreover, it is preferable that the 1st, 2nd clearance gap formation members 22 and 23 are hollow bodies.

  In order to increase the strength, resin plates 25 are respectively laminated on both surfaces of the laminate of the plurality of resin films 22. Accordingly, the resin plates 25 are respectively disposed on the surfaces on both sides of the heat insulating material 21. However, the resin plate 25 may not be arranged. Moreover, the resin plate 25 may be laminated | stacked on one surface of the said laminated body. Accordingly, the resin plate 25 may be laminated on at least one surface of the laminate. An example of the resin plate 25 is a polycarbonate plate. The thickness of the resin plate 25 is about 3 mm.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the solar cell is arrange | positioned at the lighting part 11 from a viewpoint of utilizing the heat | fever from sunlight effectively. As the solar cell, a daylighting solar cell that transmits sunlight is preferably used. A conventionally known solar cell can be used as the solar cell.

  Examples of the automobile 1 include a fuel automobile, an electric automobile, and a hybrid automobile. In an electric vehicle, the amount of heat generated by driving an electric motor is relatively small. For this reason, it is difficult to sufficiently warm the interior of the vehicle by using heat generated by driving the electric motor. Further, in a hybrid vehicle, the amount of heat generated when starting with an electric motor or traveling with an electric motor is small. Accordingly, in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, for example, it is necessary to use an electric heater for heating in order to warm the interior of the vehicle. For this reason, in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, a large amount of electric power is consumed to warm the interior of the vehicle, and the running cost of the vehicle may become extremely poor.

  In the present embodiment, heat from sunlight is used instead of heat generated from an internal heat source such as an internal combustion engine or an electric motor in an automobile. By simply placing the heat storage material 3 in the automobile body 2 so that the heat from sunlight that has passed through the daylighting unit 11 is irradiated, the temperature inside the car can be sufficiently increased, for example, in winter. Moreover, in the case of an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle, the electric power consumed by the heating electric heater can be eliminated or reduced by providing the daylighting unit 11 and the heat storage material 3. For this reason, traveling cost can be lowered. Therefore, from the viewpoint of more effectively using the heat from sunlight, the automobile 1 is preferably an electric car and a hybrid car.

  Moreover, since the heat storage material 3 should just be arrange | positioned so that the sunlight which permeate | transmitted the daylighting part 11 is provided, the motor vehicle 1 can be comprised easily. Furthermore, since it is only necessary to arrange the heat storage material 3 in the automobile body 2 so that the sunlight transmitted through the daylighting unit 11 is irradiated, the heat storage material 3 can be arranged in a wide area, and the usage amount of the heat storage material 3 can be reduced. Can do a lot.

  Next, the following tests were performed on the automobile 1 of the present embodiment.

  An automobile 1A using the floor member 12 and the covering layer 13b as the heat storage material 3 was prepared. As the heat storage material 3, microencapsulated heat storage particles having octadecane as a heat storage component were used.

  For comparison, an automobile C that does not use a heat storage material was prepared.

  The two prepared cars 1A and 1C were left at a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C. under sunlight for 4 hours. Then, it was left at 0 ° C. for 12 hours without being irradiated with sunlight. Next, the temperature inside the car after being left was observed. As a result, in the automobile 1A using the floor member 12 and the covering layer 13b as the heat storage material 3, the temperature inside the vehicle was 1.5 ° C. higher than that of the automobile C using no heat storage material.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the automobile 1B in which the floor member 12 and the covering layer 13b are used as the heat storage material 3 and the heat insulating material 21 is disposed in the daylighting unit 11 is prepared. As the heat storage material 3, the same heat storage material as that of the automobile 1A was used. Further, as the heat insulating material 21, a heat insulating material in which a polycarbonate plate (70 cm long × 150 cm wide × 3 mm thick) was laminated on both surfaces of an air sandwich (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., length 70 cm × width 150 cm × thickness 6 mm) was used.

  The prepared cars 1B and 1C were left at a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C. under sunlight for 4 hours. Then, it was left at 0 ° C. for 12 hours without being irradiated with sunlight. Next, the temperature inside the car after being left was observed. As a result, in the automobile 1B in which the floor member 12 and the covering layer 13b are used as the heat storage material 3 and the heat insulating material 21 is disposed in the daylighting unit 11, compared to the car C that does not use any of the heat storage material and the heat insulating material, The temperature inside the car was 6 ° C higher.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Automobile 2 ... Automobile main body 2a-2c ... Automobile window 11 ... Daylighting part 12 ... Floor member 13 ... Seat 13a ... Seat main body 13b ... Cover layer X ... Sunlight 21 ... Heat insulating material 22 ... Resin film 23, 24 ... 1st , Second gap forming member 25 ... resin plate S ... air layer

Claims (5)

An automobile body provided with a daylighting part that transmits sunlight into the interior;
An automobile provided with a heat storage material that is arranged in the automobile body so as to be irradiated with sunlight transmitted through the daylighting unit and that stores heat from sunlight.   The automobile according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating material is disposed in the daylighting unit.   The automobile according to claim 1, wherein a solar cell is disposed in the daylighting unit.   The automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the daylighting unit is a sunroof.   The vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

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