JP2010255625A - Variable pitch device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a variable pitch device capable of automatically changing a pitch angle of a blade with a simple structure. <P>SOLUTION: The variable pitch device for a propeller type wind turbine generator includes a hub for attaching a plurality of blades thereto, hinges attached to blade attach positions of the hub at a predetermined angle, blades, attached via the hinges, for swinging in a rotary shaft direction by wind pressure and an energizing member for energizing base end parts of the blades in a direction of the hub. Tip parts of the blades swing in a downwind direction resisting against energization of the energizing member by the wind pressure and a pitch angle is increased or decreased. The pitch angle is also increased or decreased as the blades swing resisting against the energization of the energizing member by a centrifugal force. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a variable pitch device, and more particularly to a variable pitch device of a propeller type wind power generator.

  In recent years, with a growing interest in protecting the environment of the earth, interest in wind power generation, which is a clean energy creation also in terms of electrical energy creation, has increased, and a safer and more efficient wind power with a simpler configuration There is a need for a power generator.

  Conventionally, this type of wind power generator is a system in which propeller blades are rotated using wind force and the generator is rotated by the rotational force to generate power. For example, in the case of a strong wind such as a typhoon, the propeller blades rotate more than necessary, and if the power generator continues to operate as it is, it may lead to failure of the device itself or danger. In general, a method of changing the pitch of the propeller blades to drop or stop the rotation is used.

  However, the mechanism for changing the pitch of the propeller blades has a complicated structure such as a hydraulic unit, a piston and a link mechanism, which increases the cost and requires a large amount of expenses for maintenance.

  Therefore, a wind turbine generator has been proposed that has blade tilting means for tilting the propeller blade in the drive axis direction, and controls the rotation by tilting the blade in the drive axis direction by the blade tilting means (see Patent Document 1). . There is also a flap mechanism that is provided with a pitch actuator for rotating the blade on the blade shaft of the windmill, and that has a spring that normally oscillates the blade shaft while holding the blade shaft swingably with the flap shaft ( (See Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent Application No. 09-79127 Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-221145

  However, the wind power generator proposed in Patent Document 1 can be used in a down window (propeller blades are arranged on the leeward side) because the propeller blades are inclined in the drive axis direction. However, there is a problem that the propeller blades cannot be used. Further, the flap mechanism described in Patent Document 2 has a structure in which the pitch angle of the blade is changed by rotating in a cylindrical member that rotatably holds the blade shaft, and is attached by a spring through the cylindrical member. Therefore, it is necessary to make fine adjustments for each blade, and the structure is complicated and expensive.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a variable pitch device that can automatically change the pitch angle of a blade with a simple structure.

  For this reason, the variable pitch device of the present invention is a variable pitch device of a propeller type wind power generation device, a hub for mounting a plurality of blades, a hinge attached to a blade mounting position of the hub at a predetermined angle, and via the hinge And a blade that swings in the direction of the rotation axis due to wind pressure, and a biasing member that biases the base end of the blade in the hub direction. The first feature is that the pitch angle is increased and decreased while swinging in the leeward direction against the bias.

  Also, a hub for mounting a plurality of blades, a hinge attached to the blade attachment position of the hub at a predetermined angle, a blade attached via the hinge, and a base end portion of the blade attached to the hub. The second feature is that the blade is oscillated against the urging force of the urging member by a centrifugal force and the pitch angle is increased or decreased.

  The urging member includes a spring material provided by being wound in the axial direction of a central axis provided upright at a central position of the hub, and a blade base end provided on one end side of the spring material A third feature is that it comprises a contact member that contacts the part side and a fixing member that is provided on the other end side and compresses and fixes the spring material with a predetermined biasing force.

  The hinge mounting angle is a fourth state in which the pivot base of the hinge is set at a predetermined angle counterclockwise with respect to the blade mounting center line, and the blade pitch angle is reduced by wind pressure or centrifugal force. Features.

  Further, according to a fifth feature, the mounting angle of the hinge is such that the pivot base of the hinge is positioned at a predetermined angle clockwise with respect to the blade mounting center line, and the pitch angle of the blade is increased by wind pressure or centrifugal force. And

  According to the variable pitch device of the present invention, a plurality of blades are attached to the hub via the hinges, and the base end portion of the blade is urged toward the hub by the urging member. The pitch angle can be increased or decreased automatically by swinging in the direction.

  Further, according to the variable pitch device of the present invention, the blade swings against the urging force of the urging member by the centrifugal force, and has an excellent effect that the pitch angle is increased or decreased.

  The biasing member is a spring material provided by being wound in the axial direction of the central axis provided upright at the center position of the hub, and the blade base end side provided on one end side of the spring material Therefore, a plurality of blades can be urged toward the hub with a simple structure. In addition, since the amount of swinging of the tip of the blade can be adjusted by adjusting the compression amount of the spring material in advance, it has an excellent effect that the blade mounting direction (down window or up window) is not selected.

 Furthermore, it is possible to select and use a counterclockwise or clockwise attachment angle of the hinge, and it is possible to select an increase / decrease in the pitch angle associated with the swing of the blade tip.

It is plane explanatory drawing which shows one Example of the variable pitch apparatus of this invention. It is front explanatory drawing of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the movable state of the variable pitch apparatus of this invention. It is a graph which shows the rotational speed control by the variable pitch apparatus of this invention. It is side explanatory drawing which shows the other Example of the variable pitch apparatus of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the movable state of the variable pitch apparatus of FIG. It is a graph which shows the rotational speed control by other Examples of the variable pitch apparatus of this invention.

  Hereinafter, although the variable pitch apparatus of this invention is demonstrated based on an Example, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to a present Example. 1 is an explanatory plan view showing an embodiment of a variable pitch device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory front view of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a movable state of the variable pitch device of the present invention, and FIG. It is a graph which shows the state which controls the blade rotational speed by this variable pitch apparatus.

  FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 are explanatory views showing a mechanism for reducing the pitch angle of the propeller-type wind power generator provided with the variable pitch device of the present invention, FIG. 1 is an explanatory plan view, and FIG. 2 is a front explanatory view. FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views for explaining the movable state of the variable pitch device, FIG. 3A is a plan view, and FIG. 3B is a front view. As shown in the figure, the variable pitch device 1 of the present invention biases three blades 2 of a propeller type wind power generator to a hub 3 and a base fixing member 5 of the blade 2 toward the hub 3. The urging member 6 is constituted.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, three blades 2 are equally arranged around the rotation shaft 7 and are fixed to the hub 3 by a hinge 4 via a base fixing member 5 and are rotatable. One end side of the hinge 4 is attached to the base fixing member 5 with the hinge shaft 9 at a predetermined angle counterclockwise with respect to the central axis 8 of the blade 2, and the other end side is a mounting base provided on the hub 3. 10 is attached. In this embodiment, the attachment angle of the hinge 4 is 15 degrees. In the present embodiment, a blade having a 4 ° pitch angle at the tip of the blade 2 was used.

  The urging member 6 that urges the base fixing member 5 of the blade 2 in the direction of the hub 3 is a spring material that is provided by being wound in the axial direction of the rotation center shaft 11 provided to stand at the center position of the hub 3. 12, a contact member 13 provided on one end side of the spring material 12 and contacting the base fixing member 5 of the blade 2, and a spring material 12 provided on the other end side of the spring material 12 is compressed with a predetermined urging force. The base fixing member 5 of the blade 2 is pressed in the direction of the hub 3 by the contact member 13 when the bolt 15 is tightened.

  When the tip side of the blade 2 is subjected to wind pressure in this configuration, the blade 2 is shifted in the leeward direction by the wind pressure and twisted by the hinge 4 as shown in FIG. Decrease.

  When power is generated by a propeller-type wind power generator using the variable pitch device having the above configuration, the three blades 2 are rotated by the wind pressure, and the wind speed increases and the rotation speed increases. When a predetermined wind pressure is applied to the blade 2, the tip end side of the blade 2 shifts to the leeward side against the bias of the spring material 12, and the blade 2 rotates around the hinge shaft 9, and the pitch of the blade 2 is changed. The angle decreases and the rotation speed of the blade 2 converges to a constant speed. At this time, the pitch angle of the tip of the blade 2 was changed from 4 ° to 3 ° when the wind speed was 3 m, and decreased as the wind speed further increased.

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing a state in which the blade rotation speed of the propeller-type wind power generator using the variable pitch device of the present invention is controlled. An A line shows an example of a fixed pitch, and a B line shows a pitch angle. An example of decreasing is shown, and the C line shows an example of increasing the pitch angle. The vertical axis represents the rotation speed, and the horizontal axis represents the wind speed.

  As shown in the figure, when the pitch angle does not change, the rotational speed of the blade increases in proportion to the wind speed as indicated by line A. On the other hand, line B shows the change in the rotational speed of the blade by the variable pitch mechanism shown in the above embodiment. The wind speed is about 400 rpm near 3 m / s, and decreases to near 300 rpm as the wind speed increases. became. The pitch angle at the tip of the blade at a wind speed of 3 m / s was 3 °.

  Line C shows the change in blade rotation speed by the variable pitch device that increases the pitch angle of the blade by wind pressure, with the hinge mounting angle being the position of the rotation base of the hinge clockwise relative to the blade mounting center line. As shown in the line B, the wind speed was about 300 rpm near 3 m / s, and increased to near 400 rpm as the wind speed increased and became almost constant. The pitch angle at the tip of the blade at the wind speed of 3 m / s was 6 °, and the pitch angle increased each time the wind speed increased.

  According to the variable pitch device of the present invention having the above-described configuration, the three blades are attached to the hub via the hinge, and the base end portion of the blade is urged toward the hub by the urging member. As a result, the blade tip part swings in the leeward direction, and the pitch angle can be automatically increased or decreased.

  Next, another embodiment of the variable pitch device will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is an explanatory side view showing another embodiment of the variable pitch device of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the operating state of FIG. As shown in the figure, the variable pitch device 21 of this embodiment is used for a propeller type wind power generator having a blade in the leeward direction, and the blade 22 is about 15 ° in the direction of the rotation center axis 23. It is attached to the hub 25 via a hinge 24 in an inclined state. Note that the attachment structure of the blade 22 and the hub 25 and the attachment structure of the spring member 26, which is an urging means, are the same as those in the above embodiment, and will not be described. In this embodiment, an example in which the pitch angle of the blade 22 is reduced by centrifugal force will be described.

  FIG. 6 shows a state in which the propeller type wind power generator equipped with the variable pitch device of the present invention receives wind, the blade 22 rotates, and the pitch angle of the blade 22 changes according to the wind speed. 6 (a) shows before change, and FIG. 6 (b) shows after change. As shown in the figure, when the blade 22 receives wind at a predetermined wind speed, the blade 22 rotates around a rotation axis (not shown), and a centrifugal force is generated in the blade 22. By this centrifugal force, the blade 22 rotates around the hinge shaft 27 of the hinge 24 against the urging force of the spring material 26, and the pitch angle decreases. The rotational speed of the blade 22 is a substantially constant value.

  FIG. 7 is a graph showing a state in which the blade rotation speed of a propeller type wind power generator using the variable pitch device of the present invention is controlled. An A line shows an example of a fixed pitch, and a B line, a C line, D line shows an example in which the pitch angle decreases, and the strength of the spring material increases in the order of D line, C line, and B line. The vertical axis represents the rotation speed, and the horizontal axis represents the wind speed.

  As shown in the figure, when the pitch angle does not change, the rotational speed of the blade increases in proportion to the wind speed as indicated by line A. On the other hand, the B line, the C line, and the D line indicate changes in the rotational speed of the blade by the above-described variable pitch mechanism. It became about 350 rpm. The amount of change (decrease) in the pitch angle at the tip of the blade at the wind speed of 5 m / s was about 7 °. In this embodiment, the example in which the pitch angle of the blade is decreased has been described. However, it goes without saying that the pitch angle may be increased.

  As described above, the variable pitch device according to the present invention has a hub for mounting a plurality of blades, a hinge attached to the blade attachment position of the hub at a predetermined angle, and attached via the hinge, and swings in the direction of the rotation axis by wind pressure. And a biasing member that biases the base end portion of the blade in the hub direction, a variable pitch device that can automatically change the pitch angle of the blade with a simple structure can be provided. . Furthermore, it is possible to provide a variable pitch device that can automatically change the pitch angle by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the blade.

1, 21 Variable pitch device 2, 22 Blade 3, 25 Hub 4, 24 Hinge 5 Base fixing member 6 Biasing member 7 Rotating shaft 8 Center shaft 9, 27 Hinge shaft 10 Mounting base 11, 23 Rotating center shaft 12, 26 Spring Material 13 Contact member 14 Fixing member 15 Bolt

Claims (5)

  A variable pitch device for a propeller-type wind power generator, comprising: a hub for mounting a plurality of blades; a hinge attached to a blade attachment position of the hub at a predetermined angle; and a rotary shaft attached via the hinge and driven by wind pressure. A blade that oscillates in the direction and a biasing member that biases the base end portion of the blade in the hub direction, and the blade tip portion resists the biasing of the biasing member due to wind pressure. And a pitch angle is increased and decreased.   A variable pitch device for a propeller-type wind power generator, comprising: a hub for mounting a plurality of blades; a hinge attached to a blade attachment position of the hub at a predetermined angle; a blade attached via the hinge; And a biasing member that biases the base end portion of the blade in the hub direction. The blade swings against the biasing of the biasing member by centrifugal force, and the pitch angle is increased or decreased. Variable pitch device.   The urging member is provided with a spring material provided by being wound in the axial direction of a central axis provided upright at a central position of the hub, and a blade base end side provided on one end side of the spring material 3. The variable according to claim 1, further comprising: a contact member that comes into contact with the fixing member, and a fixing member that is provided on the other end side and compresses and fixes the spring material with a predetermined urging force. Pitch device.   The mounting angle of the hinge is such that the pivot base of the hinge is positioned at a predetermined angle counterclockwise with respect to the blade mounting center line, and the pitch angle of the blade is reduced by wind pressure or centrifugal force. The variable pitch device according to 1 to 3.   2. The mounting angle of the hinge is such that the pivot base of the hinge is positioned at a predetermined angle clockwise with respect to the blade mounting center line, and the pitch angle of the blade is increased by wind pressure or centrifugal force. The variable pitch apparatus of thru | or 3.

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