JP2010246423A - Plant cultivation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant cultivation apparatus raising plants in an ideal condition by evenly diffusing water watered from a watering pipe to the whole surface, while having an easy structure. <P>SOLUTION: This plant cultivation apparatus includes a fiber mat layer 1 obtained by three-dimensionally aggregating fibers including a synthetic fiber, a watering pipe 2 having a plurality of water supply holes 2A arranged at prescribed intervals on the fiber mat layer 1, a plant cultivation layer 3 put between the watering pipe 2 and laid on the fiber mat layer 1, and a support layer 4 fixedly disposed under the fiber mat layer 1 and having a drainage opening 4A passing through the layer itself, so as to supply water watered from the watering pipe 2 to the plant cultivation layer 3 and the fiber mat layer 1. Furthermore, the plant cultivation apparatus is provided between the fiber mat layer 1, with a watering diffusing mat layer 5 having water diffusing property higher than that of the fiber mat layer 1 so as to diffuse water watered from the watering pipe 2 to the fiber mat layer 1 by the watering diffusing mat layer 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a plant cultivation device used for surface greening of concrete such as concrete on the roof of a building or artificial ground such as asphalt on the ground, gardens, parks, golf courses, soccer fields, tennis courts, and the like.

  The inventor has developed a plant cultivation apparatus for cultivating plants such as turf on the concrete surface of a rooftop or a garden (see Patent Document 1). This plant cultivating apparatus is a three-dimensional assembly of waste fibers separated from the waste waste of a woven fabric of fibers containing synthetic fibers, and is pressed with a predetermined pressure to be discarded in an infinite number of voids between the waste fibers. The intersections of the fibers are connected with a binder. This plant cultivation device mixes low melting point polyester synthetic fiber as a binder with waste fiber separated from waste waste, presses the waste fiber assembled in three dimensions in a heated state, and low melting point polyester synthetic Melt the fibers to bind the waste fibers.

  An apparatus for further improving this plant cultivation apparatus has also been developed (see Patent Document 2). This plant cultivation apparatus has laminated | stacked the fiber layer on the support body provided with the sword-like part. The fiber layer is obtained by binding the intersections of the fibers with a binder in a state where the fibers are three-dimensionally gathered to form innumerable voids between the fibers. The support body is provided with a through hole having an upper opening through which a root of a plant grown on the fiber layer can be inserted in the slat-like portion. Furthermore, the support has a space forming portion below, and the space forming portion has a root of a plant extending below the support through the through hole in a state where the support is placed on the rooftop of the building. As well as being able to drain.

  Since the plant cultivation apparatus having the above structure can be made extremely light, it is most suitable for rooftop greening of buildings. However, it is necessary for the plant cultivation apparatus of this structure to spray water regularly to supply water to the fiber layer. In particular, when it is hot in summer, it is necessary to spray water frequently. In order to simplify irrigation, a plant cultivation apparatus in which an irrigation pipe is embedded was developed (see Patent Document 3). Since this plant cultivation apparatus irrigates the inside with an irrigation pipe, it can be irrigated easily and efficiently. Since the plant cultivation apparatus having this structure irrigates from the water supply holes provided in the irrigation pipe at predetermined intervals, it is difficult to uniformly irrigate the entire surface. A plant cultivation apparatus has been developed to eliminate this harmful effect (see Patent Document 4).

JP 2001-258387 A JP 2002-330627 A JP 2005-34045 A JP 2008-17812 A

  The plant cultivation apparatus described in Patent Document 4 is provided with a groove so as to intersect the upper surface of the planting base. A non-permeable layer is provided on the bottom surface of the groove. An irrigation pipe having a water supply hole is provided in this groove, and water irrigated from the water supply hole of the irrigation pipe is diffused in a water-impermeable layer provided at the bottom of the groove and dispersed in the planting base. In the plant cultivation apparatus having this structure, it is extremely difficult to uniformly diffuse water irrigated from the irrigation pipe. In particular, water cannot be uniformly diffused unless the water-impermeable layer provided on the bottom surface of the groove is horizontal.

  The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving this drawback. An important object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation apparatus capable of growing plants in an ideal state by uniformly diffusing water irrigated from an irrigation pipe over the entire surface with a simple structure.

Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention

The plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above-described object.
The plant cultivation apparatus includes a fiber mat layer 1 in which fibers including synthetic fibers are three-dimensionally assembled, and an irrigation pipe 2 having a plurality of water supply holes 2A piped on the fiber mat layer 1 at a predetermined interval. A plant cultivation layer 3 placed between the irrigation pipes 2 and placed on the fiber mat layer 1, and a drain opening 4A disposed under the fiber mat layer 1 and penetrating itself. The support layer 4 is provided, and water irrigated from the irrigation pipe 2 is supplied to the plant cultivation layer 3 and the fiber mat layer 1. Further, the plant cultivation apparatus is provided with an irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 having a higher water diffusibility than the fiber mat layer 1 between the fiber mat layers 1, and water irrigated from the irrigation pipe 2 is used as the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5. Therefore, it diffuses into the fiber mat layer 1.

  The plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention has an advantage that a plant can be grown in an ideal state by uniformly diffusing water irrigated from an irrigation pipe over the entire surface with a simple structure. That is, the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention is provided with an irrigation diffusion mat layer having a higher water diffusibility than the fiber mat layer between the fiber mat layers in which fibers including synthetic fibers are three-dimensionally assembled. This is because water irrigated from the pipe is diffused into the fiber mat layer by the irrigation diffusion mat layer. The irrigation diffusion mat layer diffuses the water supplied from the irrigation pipes throughout, and uniformly supplies the diffused water to the fiber mat layer to make the moisture content of the entire surface of the fiber mat layer uniform. Therefore, this plant cultivation apparatus can uniformly diffuse the water irrigated from the irrigation pipe over the entire surface of the fiber mat layer, and can grow the plant in an ideal state.

  Furthermore, the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention is a fiber that irrigates water from the irrigation pipe even in a state where the plant cultivation apparatus is installed on a slope with a slope, that is, in a state where the plant cultivation apparatus is installed in a posture inclined with respect to a horizontal plane. It has the feature that plants can grow in an ideal state by being diffused over the entire surface of the mat layer. This is because the water irrigated from the irrigation pipe can be diffused by being transferred upward by the irrigation diffusion mat layer. Artificial ground such as the rooftop of buildings where plant cultivation devices are installed usually has a water gradient (at least about 1/200) in order to smoothly drain rainwater. In this way, when installing a plant cultivation device on artificial ground with a gradient, water irrigated from the irrigation pipe is likely to move to the lower water side, which is the lower side of the inclined surface, so in the conventional plant cultivation device, There was a problem that water on the upper side of the inclined surface was not sufficiently supplied with water and plants on the upper side of the water withered. On the other hand, in the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the water irrigated from the irrigation pipe is diffused throughout the irrigation diffusion mat layer having a high water diffusibility, so even in a state where it is disposed on an inclined surface provided with a gradient. The irrigated water can be diffused by moving to the upper side of the water, and the water-side plant can be ideally grown by supplying sufficient water to the upper side of the water.

  In the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 can be a layer formed by collecting fibers at a higher density than the fiber mat layer 1.

  In the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 can be a layer formed by gathering fibers thinner than the fiber mat layer 1 at a high density.

  In the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 can be a layer formed by collecting fibers that are more hydrophilic than the fiber mat layer 1.

  In the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 can be provided between the surface and the middle of the fiber mat layer 1.

  The plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention can be provided with a plurality of irrigation diffusion mat layers 5 in the middle of the fiber mat layer 1.

It is an expanded sectional view of the plant cultivation device concerning one example of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional perspective view of the plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the support layer and fiber mat layer of the plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the plant cultivation apparatus concerning other examples of the present invention. It is an expanded sectional view of the plant cultivation apparatus concerning other examples of the present invention. It is a top view which shows an example of the arrangement | positioning state of an irrigation pipe.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the Example shown below illustrates the plant cultivation apparatus for materializing the technical idea of this invention, Comprising: This invention does not specify a plant cultivation apparatus to the following.

  Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the examples are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

  The plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a fiber mat layer 1 in which fibers including synthetic fibers are three-dimensionally assembled, and an infinite number of water supplies piped on the fiber mat layer 1 at predetermined intervals. An irrigation pipe 2 having a hole 2A, a plant cultivation layer 3 placed between or above the irrigation pipe 2 and placed on the fiber mat layer 1, and disposed below the fiber mat layer 1, And a support layer 4 having a drain opening 4A penetrating itself. The plant cultivation apparatus shown in the figure is installed on a rooftop or the like, and a root prevention sheet 15 is laid on the surface of the artificial ground 10 and the support layer 4 is placed on the root prevention sheet 15. The root-proof sheet 15 is a water-impermeable sheet laid so that plant roots do not damage the waterproof layer of the artificial ground 10.

  The fiber mat layer 1 is a state in which waste fibers separated from waste waste of a woven fabric braided with synthetic fibers are three-dimensionally assembled and pressed with a predetermined pressure to form innumerable voids between the waste fibers. In this case, the intersections of the waste fibers are bonded with a binder.

  The fiber mat layer 1 is manufactured by effectively using waste waste, which is a piece of woven fabric generated in a large amount at a sewing factory. Waste cloth waste can be opened and processed into fibers. However, it goes without saying that the fiber mat layer can contain not only fibers opened from waste waste but also virgin fibers. In the fiber opening, for example, waste waste of the woven fabric is pulled from the surface with a needle and processed into a fiber shape. However, the present invention does not specify a method for separating waste waste into fibers. As a method for processing waste waste into waste fiber, all methods currently used or developed in the future can be used.

  The fiber mat layer 1 uses waste waste of woven fabric containing synthetic fibers. As the synthetic fiber contained in the waste waste, a polyester synthetic fiber, for example, Tetoron (registered trademark) is suitable. Polyester synthetic fibers are tough, rich in durability, and excellent in chemical resistance, so that they can be used stably for a long period of time. Therefore, the waste waste preferably contains 50% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, and most preferably 80% by weight or more of polyester-based synthetic fiber. However, synthetic waste such as polyamide synthetic fibers and polyacrylic synthetic fibers, or natural fibers can be used as the waste waste.

  The waste fibers separated into fibers are gathered to a predetermined thickness without directivity so that the directions of the fibers are not aligned. At this time, a binder fiber is added to bind the waste fiber. A polyester fiber having a low melting point is used as the binder fiber. However, as the binder fiber, a fiber other than the polyester fiber having a low melting point, that is, a fiber having a lower melting point than the waste fiber can be used. The added amount of the binder fiber is 5 to 30% by weight of the whole. If the added amount of the binder fiber is small, the waste fiber cannot be sufficiently bonded. When there is too much addition amount of a binder fiber, while the porosity between waste fibers will fall, raw material cost will become high. This is because the binder fiber is not produced from waste waste, but is added as a separately produced raw material.

  The binder fiber is added to the waste fiber and uniformly dispersed. The waste fibers to which the binder fibers are added gather in a predetermined thickness in a three-dimensional direction and are then heated and pressurized to bond the intersection points of the waste fibers with the heat-melted binder fibers. The ratio of thinning the waste fibers gathered to a predetermined thickness by pressing is set to an optimum value depending on the use of the fiber mat layer. For example, the optimum ratio is 10 to 50% of the thickness of the gathered state. Is about 25%.

  When the collected waste fibers are pressed thinly, the voids of the waste fibers become smaller and densely gathered. For this reason, the voids of the waste fibers become fine, the water retention is improved, and the drainage is reduced. On the other hand, when the press is thick, the drainage is improved, but the water retention is reduced. Therefore, the ratio of pressing the aggregated waste fibers is set to an optimum value for the plant to be cultivated in consideration of water retention and drainage. Since the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention is used for the cultivation of various plants, the plant can be grown in a more comfortable environment by adjusting the fiber mat layer 1 to have the water retention and drainage optimal for the plant to be cultivated.

  The thickness for collecting the waste fibers is adjusted so that the thickness of the fiber mat layer 1 becomes an optimum thickness. For example, a plant cultivating apparatus in which a lawn mat 12 is placed on an artificial ground 10 such as concrete and grown, or seeds such as flowers are planted on an artificial ground 10 such as concrete and grown, is preferable for the fiber mat layer 1. The thickness is 1 to 5 cm, and the optimum thickness is 1.5 to 3 cm. Therefore, the waste fibers are gathered by adding the binder fibers so that the thickness is reduced by pressing.

  A method in which binder fibers are added to the waste fibers and gathered to a predetermined thickness, and then heated and pressed to bond the waste fibers at the intersection, without reducing the gaps between the waste fibers, that is, with water retention. The waste fibers can be bonded to a predetermined thickness without deteriorating drainage. The method of bonding the waste fiber by melting the binder fiber with heat is, for example, heating the waste fiber assembled to a predetermined thickness to a temperature at which the binder fiber melts, and then pressing to cool the binder fiber. Can be cured to bind waste fibers. In this method, the aggregated waste fibers can be pressed with a cold press and efficiently manufactured. However, using a hot press, the aggregated waste fibers can be heated and heated with a hot plate to melt the binder fibers and bond the waste fibers.

  Furthermore, the fiber mat layer 1 is sprayed when collecting the waste fibers in a liquid or paste form in an uncured state without using the binder fibers, and then presses to cure the binders, thereby discarding the waste fibers. Can also be combined.

  Furthermore, the plant cultivation apparatus of the figure provides the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 having higher water diffusibility than the fiber mat layer 1 between the fiber mat layers 1. This irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 diffuses the water irrigated from the irrigation pipe 2 throughout and supplies it uniformly to the fiber mat layer 1. This irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 transfers the water supplied from the irrigation pipe 2 to the whole by transferring the water in the region with a high water content to the region with a low water content. The water of the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 that has been uniformly diffused as a whole moves to the laminated fiber mat layer 1 to make the moisture content of the fiber mat layer 1 uniform. That is, the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 diffuses the moisture supplied from the irrigation pipe 2 in the plane direction and diffuses it throughout, and migrates the diffused moisture to the fiber mat layer 1 so that the entire surface of the fiber mat layer 1 is dispersed. Make moisture content uniform. The irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 has a thickness of 1 to 5 mm, and can quickly diffuse the water supplied from the irrigation pipe 2 throughout. If the irrigation diffusion mat layer is made thick, the water retention and water conductivity can be increased to improve the water diffusibility, but the cost is increased. On the other hand, if it is made thinner, the diffusibility of water decreases. Therefore, the thickness of the irrigation diffusion mat layer is set to the above-mentioned range in consideration of these matters.

  The irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 collects fibers at a higher density than the fiber mat layer 1 in order to make the water diffusibility higher than that of the fiber mat layer 1, and the gap formed between the fibers is larger than that of the fiber mat layer 1. As fine voids, the water diffusibility by capillary action is improved. This irrigated fiber-spreading mat layer 5 realizes excellent water retention and water conveyance by fine voids formed between a myriad of three-dimensionally aggregated fibers, and quickly absorbs absorbed moisture by capillary action. Transition to the plane direction. Further, the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 collects finer fibers at a higher density than the fiber mat layer 1 so that the voids formed between the fibers are made into finer voids, thereby realizing better water retention and water conductivity. However, the diffusibility of water by capillary action can be improved. Furthermore, the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 collects fibers that are more hydrophilic than the fibers of the fiber mat layer 1, thereby improving moisture diffusion characteristics while realizing excellent water retention and water conductivity. You can also. The irrigation diffusion mat layer using fibers that are more hydrophilic than the fiber mat layer is more water diffusible than the fiber mat layer without making the gap between the fibers smaller than the gap between the fibers in the fiber mat layer. Can also be raised. However, the fibers of the irrigation diffusion mat layer are superior in hydrophilicity to the fibers of the fiber mat layer, and the gaps between the fibers are made finer than the fibers of the fibers of the fiber mat layer. The irrigation diffusion mat layer can realize water diffusibility superior to that of the fiber mat layer. Therefore, it is preferable that the irrigation diffusion mat layer has the hydrophilicity of the fibers used superior to that of the fiber mat layer, and further gathers the fibers more densely than the fiber mat layer so that the voids are more than the fiber mat layer. As fine voids, it achieves better water diffusibility.

  The irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 described above is a nonwoven fabric that is a sheet material formed by three-dimensionally assembling synthetic fibers or natural fibers. However, in the irrigation spreading fiber mat layer, the water supplied from the irrigation pipe is quickly diffused to the whole, and all of the water diffusibility better than the fiber mat layer, for example, cloth, filter paper, fabric, etc. Can be used. Furthermore, as the irrigated fiber-spreading mat layer, the above sheet material can be used alone, or a laminate of a plurality of sheets can be used. The irrigated fiber woven mat layer formed by laminating a plurality of sheet materials is supplied by arranging a sheet material excellent in water diffusibility inside and laminating a sheet material excellent in water retention on the surface side. Water can be diffused more ideally, and the moisture content of the entire surface of the fiber mat layer can be made uniform.

  In the plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, an irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 is laminated in the middle of the fiber mat layer 1. The irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 is laminated in the middle of the fiber mat layer 1 so as not to peel off. In this way, the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 laminated in the middle of the fiber mat layer 1 makes the moisture content of the entire fiber mat layer 1 laminated up and down uniform. Furthermore, the plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is provided with a plurality of irrigation diffusion mat layers 5 in the middle of the fiber mat layer 1. The plant cultivation apparatus can more efficiently adjust the moisture content of the entire fiber mat layer 1 more efficiently by the plurality of irrigation diffusion mat layers 5 disposed in the middle of the fiber mat layer 1. Furthermore, the plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 5 has the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 disposed between the surface and the middle of the fiber mat layer 1. This plant cultivation apparatus can also uniformly adjust the moisture content of the entire fiber mat layer 1 more efficiently with the two irrigation diffusion mat layers 5 disposed between the surface of the fiber mat layer 1 and the middle. The irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 disposed below the irrigation pipe 2 and supplied with water directly from the irrigation pipe 2 diffuses the water supplied from the irrigation pipe 2 and moves to the fiber mat layer 1. The plant cultivation apparatus in which the fiber mat layer 1 is disposed between the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 and the irrigation pipe 2 supplies moisture supplied from the irrigation pipe 2 to the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 through the fiber mat layer 1. To do. In this plant cultivating apparatus, a large amount of water is supplied to the fiber mat layer 1 in the vicinity of the irrigation pipe 2, and the water becomes excessive in this region, and the excessive water is supplied from the fiber mat layer 1 to the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5. To be uniformly diffused throughout. The water uniformly diffused by the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 is supplied again to the fiber mat layer 1 and uniformly supplies the entire surface of the fiber mat layer 1.

  The irrigation pipes 2 are arranged in parallel or in a grid pattern on the fiber mat layer 1 at a predetermined interval. All the irrigation pipes 2 piped on the fiber mat layer 1 are connected in series or in parallel to each other and connected to the water supply device. The irrigation pipe 2 is provided with water absorption holes 2A at predetermined intervals. The plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 6 has a plurality of irrigation pipes 2 arranged in parallel with each other at a predetermined interval. In this figure, the plant cultivation apparatus has irrigation pipes 2 arranged in a row on the upper surface of one fiber mat layer 1. However, the plant cultivation apparatus can also arrange a plurality of rows of irrigation pipes on one fiber mat layer.

  The plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 is provided with an irrigation groove 6 on the upper surface of the fiber mat layer 1, and an irrigation pipe 2 is provided in the irrigation groove 6. As described above, the structure in which the irrigation groove 6 is provided in the fiber mat layer 1 and the irrigation pipe 2 is provided has a feature that the irrigation pipe 2 is positioned in the irrigation groove 6 and can be arranged at an accurate position of the fiber mat layer 1. The fiber mat layer 1 shown in the figure is provided with an irrigation groove 6 by linearly removing the fiber mat layer 1 laminated on the upper side of the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 disposed in the middle. Since this plant cultivation apparatus can pipe the irrigation pipe 2 on the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5, the water supplied from the irrigation pipe 2 is directly supplied to the intermediate irrigation diffusion mat layer 5, and is supplied from the irrigation pipe 2. The supplied water can be quickly transferred in the plane direction by the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 and diffused over the entire surface of the fiber mat layer 1.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the irrigation pipe 2 can be placed on the upper surface of the fiber mat layer 1 without providing an irrigation groove in the fiber mat layer 1. Although not shown, this irrigation pipe 2 can be connected to the support layer with a wire or string material that penetrates the fiber mat layer and can be piped at a predetermined position. For example, this wire or string can release the bound state and separate the irrigation pipe from the fiber mat layer. The plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 5 is provided with an irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 on the surface of the fiber mat layer 1, and an irrigation pipe 2 placed on the upper surface of the fiber mat layer 1 on the irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 provided on the surface. Piping. In this plant cultivation device, water supplied from the irrigation pipe 2 is diffused throughout the surface and the intermediate irrigation diffusion mat layer 5 and supplied to the fiber mat layer 1, so that it is supplied from the irrigation pipe 2. Water can be uniformly supplied to the fiber mat layer 1 while diffusing water more effectively.

  The irrigation pipe 2 is provided with water supply holes 2A at predetermined intervals in order to supply water uniformly to a wide area of the fiber mat layer 1. The irrigation pipe 2 drains an equal amount of water from each of the water supply holes 2 </ b> A and irrigates the entire fiber mat layer 1 evenly. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 6, the plurality of irrigation pipes 2 are branched and connected to a thick supply pipe 8, and are connected to a water supply device 9 through the supply pipe 8.

  The supply pipe 8 is connected to the water supply device 9. The water supply device 9 includes an automatic or manual irrigation controller (not shown), and supplies a predetermined amount of water to the irrigation pipe 2 every time a certain period of time elapses. The water supply apparatus 9 includes an on-off valve that is opened and closed by a timer of an automatic or manual irrigation controller, or a water pump that controls operation by the timer. The on-off valve is connected to the water supply, and a timer opens the on-off valve to supply water to the irrigation pipe 2, and closes the on-off valve to stop water supply. The water supply apparatus 9 provided with a water pump operates the water pump with a timer to supply water to the irrigation pipe 2, stops the operation of the water pump, and stops the supply of water.

  The plant cultivation layer 3 has a water retention property for retaining water supplied from the irrigation pipe 2 and a drainage property for draining excess water, and has innumerable voids for growing plant roots. The plant cultivation layer 3 is disposed between or above the irrigation pipes 2 arranged on the fiber mat layer 1 so as to be laminated on the fiber mat layer 1. The plant cultivation layer 3 can be laminated on the fiber mat layer 1 so that it can be separated. In this plant cultivation device, the plant cultivation layer 3 and the irrigation pipe 2 can be separated from the fiber mat layer 1 and the irrigation pipe 2 and the plant cultivation layer 3 can be exchanged.

  The plant cultivation layer 3 is a fiber assembly layer 3A in which fibers are assembled three-dimensionally, or a plant cultivation soil 3B. As the plant cultivation layer 3 of the fiber assembly layer 3 </ b> A, it is possible to use a layer having water retention properties by collecting fibers in the same manner as the fiber mat layer 1. The fiber assembly layer 3A can distribute and supply the fertilizer grains 13 between fibers when collecting fibers such as waste fibers to a predetermined thickness. In this fiber assembly layer 3A, the fertilizer grains 13 are dispersed and disposed in the fiber gaps. For this reason, when growing a plant, the fertilizer component is supplied from the fertilizer grain 13 and it has the feature that a plant can be propagated well. The fertilizer grains 13 are held inside the fiber assembly layer 3A as grains having a size that does not move from the gaps between the fibers.

  The plant cultivation soil 3B of the plant cultivation layer 3 is formed of an inorganic or organic powder in a plate shape having a predetermined thickness. In the plant cultivation soil 3B, for example, zeolite or pearlite can be used as the inorganic powder, and coconut fiber or peat moss can be used as the organic powder. This plant cultivation soil 3B can be placed on the fiber mat layer 1 and easily arranged. However, the soil 3B for plant cultivation which is a granular material can also be laid on the fiber mat layer 1 to a predetermined thickness. The plant-growing soil 3B, which is a granular material, has a turf mat 12 or the like placed thereon and grows a plant such as the turf 11 so that the roots of the plant grow. The roots of the grown plants bind the powdery soil 3B for plant cultivation in a plate shape. For this reason, when it is used for a long time until the plant cultivation layer 3 is clogged with roots or the irrigation pipe 2 is clogged, the powdery plant cultivation soil 3B is combined in a plate shape. For this reason, when separating from the fiber mat layer 1, the soil 3B for plant cultivation is couple | bonded in plate shape. For this reason, the plant cultivation layer 3 of the plant cultivation soil 3 </ b> B can also be easily separated from the fiber mat layer 1.

  In the plant cultivation layer 3 shown in the figure, the grass 11 is placed on the turf mat 12 so that the grass 11 grows. However, the plant cultivation layer 3 is seeded on the top or embedded in the plant cultivation layer 3. Plants can also be grown.

  Furthermore, the plant cultivation apparatus of FIG. 4 is provided with a suppression buffer layer 16 that suppresses root growth at the boundary between the fiber mat layer 1 and the plant cultivation layer 3. The suppression buffer layer 16 suppresses the growth of plant roots grown in the plant cultivation layer 3 from the plant cultivation layer 3 to the fiber mat layer 1. Plant roots are propagated in the plant cultivation layer 3, and are prevented from passing through the inhibition buffer layer 16 and growing on the fiber mat layer 1. For this reason, the plant cultivation apparatus having the suppression buffer layer 16 reduces the number of plant roots combining the plant cultivation layer 3 and the fiber mat layer 1, and easily separates the plant cultivation layer 3 from the fiber mat layer 1. it can.

  The suppression buffer layer 16 is a layer or an air layer having a difference in density provided at a boundary portion between the plant cultivation layer 3 and the fiber mat layer 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the suppression buffer layer 16 having a difference in density is provided with a high-density surface layer having a higher density than the inside on the lower surface of the fiber assembly layer 3 </ b> A. can do. This suppression buffer layer 16 is provided in the plant cultivation layer 3. However, the suppression buffer layer can also be provided on the upper surface of the fiber mat layer. The suppression buffer layer 16 provided on the lower surface of the fiber assembly layer 3A or provided on the upper surface of the fiber mat layer is a high-density sheet formed by collecting fibers at a high density, and the surface has water permeability. Made by bonding in the state. In addition, after gathering the fibers in a three-dimensional thickness, the surface is heated with a heater so that the fibers on the surface part are easier to deform than the fibers inside, and in this state, the intersection of the fibers is melted by heat. It is also possible to provide a high-density suppression buffer layer 16 on the surface by binding with the formed binder fiber.

  Furthermore, the plant cultivation layer and the fiber mat layer can be formed as an inhibitory buffer layer by providing an air layer in a laminated state with the surfaces facing each other being uneven. For example, the bottom surface of the plant cultivation layer is an uneven surface, the top surface of the fiber mat layer is an uneven surface, or the bottom surface of the plant cultivation layer and the top surface of the fiber mat layer are uneven surfaces that do not match each other. An air layer suppression buffer layer may be provided.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the plant cultivation apparatus using the plant cultivation layer 3 as the plant cultivation soil 3 </ b> B can be used as the suppression buffer layer 16 by laying particles having different particle sizes on the fiber mat layer 1. In this suppression buffer layer 16, a granular material having a particle size smaller than that of the soil for plant cultivation 3B is laid, for example, in a thickness of 0.5 to 2 cm, or a fluid larger than the soil for plant cultivation 3B is 1 to 2 cm. Laying to a thickness or, alternatively, a large synthetic resin particle having a mean particle size of 0.5 to 2 cm and having a thickness of 1 to 2 cm, which is a material different from the soil for plant cultivation 3B The suppression buffer layer 16 can be formed.

  The entire support layer 4 is integrally formed by synthetic resin injection molding. The support layer 4 has a drain opening 4A penetrating up and down itself, and a support leg 4B is projected on the lower surface, and a drain layer 4C is provided on the lower surface. The support layer 4 and the fiber mat layer 1 are squares having the same outer shape, and are connected to each other in a stacked state. The support layer 4 and the fiber mat layer 1 are connected to the support layer 4 with a retaining pin 7 penetrating the fiber mat layer 1. The support layer 4 shown in FIG. 3 is integrally formed with a cylindrical boss 4D that is inserted through and locked with a stop pin 7. The support layer 4 is connected so that the hook portion 7A provided at the tip of the locking pin 7 is locked to a locking portion (not shown) provided inside the boss 4D so that the fiber mat layer 1 is not detached. To do. Thus, the structure which connects the fiber mat layer 1 to the support layer 4 can lay the support layer 4 on the artificial ground 10 and the fiber mat layer 1 together.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the support layer 4 formed by connecting the fiber mat layers 1 connects the support layers 4 adjacent to each other with a connecting member 14 in a state of being laid on the artificial ground 10. The connecting member 14 shown in the drawing connects the fixing pins 7 fixed to the corners of the four support layers 4 that are connected vertically and horizontally. This connecting member 14 has connecting rods inserted into the center holes provided in the stop pins 7 at the four corners, and these connecting rods are inserted into the stop pins 7 to connect the four support layers 4 adjacent to each other. Yes. This connection structure can be connected and fixed very easily in a state where the support layer 4 formed by fixing the fiber mat layer 1 is laid on the artificial ground 10.

  The above plant cultivation apparatus has shown the state installed in the horizontal attitude | position on the horizontal artificial ground 10. FIG. However, the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention does not necessarily have to be installed in a horizontal posture on a horizontal artificial ground, and can be installed on an inclined surface having a gradient. That is, the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention can diffuse water irrigated from the irrigation pipe over the entire surface of the fiber mat layer while being installed in an inclined posture. This is because the water irrigated from the irrigation pipe can be diffused by being transferred upward by the irrigation diffusion mat layer. This plant cultivation device is an artificial ground such as the roof of a building, for example, and is installed on an inclined surface provided with a water gradient in order to smoothly drain rainwater. It is moved upward by the irrigation diffusion mat layer and diffused over the entire surface of the fiber mat layer. When installing a plant cultivation device on an inclined surface with a slope, the water irrigated from the irrigation pipe tends to move to the lower water side, which is the lower side of the inclined surface. Water could not be sufficiently supplied to the upper side of the water above the portion to be used. For this reason, there existed a problem that the plant arrange | positioned on the water side withered. On the other hand, in the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the water irrigated from the irrigation pipe is moved upward by the irrigation diffusion mat layer having a high water diffusibility, so that it is disposed on the inclined surface provided with the gradient. In addition, the water irrigated from the irrigation pipe can be reliably supplied to the upper side of the irrigation part. Therefore, it is possible to grow ideally by preventing the plants arranged on the water side from withering.

  For example, in a state where the plant cultivation apparatus is installed on an inclined surface having a gradient of 0 to 1/50, the water to be irrigated from the irrigation pipe is moved upward by the irrigation diffusion mat layer and diffused, and the gradient is increased. Water can be ideally supplied to the water side of the provided inclined surface. Furthermore, the plant cultivation apparatus can be installed on an inclined surface having a larger gradient by increasing the action of shifting and diffusing the water irrigated from the irrigation pipe to the upper side of the water. The action of transferring water irrigated by the plant cultivation apparatus to the water upper side can be adjusted by the water diffusibility of the irrigation diffusion mat layer, the thickness of the irrigation diffusion mat layer laminated on the fiber mat layer, the number of laminated layers, and the like. The irrigation diffusion mat layer can achieve better water diffusibility by adjusting water retention and water permeability according to the thickness and material of fibers gathered at high density, the porosity formed inside, and the like. Therefore, the plant cultivation device adjusts the water retention and water permeability of the irrigation diffusion mat layer to increase the water diffusibility, or increases the thickness of the irrigation diffusion mat layer laminated on the fiber mat layer, or Increasing the number of irrigation diffusion mat layers to be laminated on the fiber mat layer increases the action of transferring water irrigated from the irrigation pipe to the upper side of the water and installs it on an inclined surface with a larger gradient. Water can be ideally supplied to the upper side of the surface.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fiber mat layer 2 ... Irrigation pipe 2A ... Water supply hole 3 ... Plant cultivation layer 3A ... Fiber assembly layer
3B ... soil for plant cultivation 4 ... support layer 4A ... drainage opening
4B ... Support legs
4C ... Drainage layer
4D ... Boss 5 ... Irrigation diffusion mat layer 6 ... Irrigation groove 7 ... Stop pin 7A ... Hook part 8 ... Supply pipe 9 ... Water supply device 10 ... Artificial ground 11 ... Lawn 12 ... Lawn mat 13 ... Fertilizer granule 14 ... Connecting member 15 ... Root prevention sheet 16 ... Suppression buffer layer

Claims (6)

An irrigation pipe having a fiber mat layer (1) in which fibers containing synthetic fibers are three-dimensionally assembled and a plurality of water supply holes (2A) piped at a predetermined interval on the fiber mat layer (1) (2), a plant cultivation layer (3) placed between or above the irrigation pipe (2) and placed on the fiber mat layer (1), and below the fiber mat layer (1). And a support layer (4) having a drain opening (4A) penetrating itself, and water irrigated from the irrigation pipe (2) for the plant cultivation layer (3) and the fiber mat layer. A plant cultivation apparatus configured to supply to (1),
An irrigation diffusion mat layer (5) having a higher water diffusibility than the fiber mat layer (1) is provided between the fiber mat layers (1), and water irrigated from the irrigation pipe (2) is irrigated. A plant cultivation apparatus configured to diffuse into the fiber mat layer (1) with the diffusion mat layer (5).   The plant cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation diffusion mat layer (5) is a layer formed by collecting fibers at a higher density than the fiber mat layer (1).   The plant cultivation device according to claim 2, wherein the irrigation diffusion mat layer (5) is a layer formed by gathering fibers that are thinner than the fiber mat layer (1) at a high density.   2. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation diffusion mat layer (5) is a layer formed by collecting fibers that are more hydrophilic than the fiber mat layer (1).   The plant cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein an irrigation diffusion mat layer (5) is provided between the surface and the middle of the fiber mat layer (1).   The plant cultivation device according to claim 1 or 5, wherein a plurality of irrigation diffusion mat layers (5) are provided in the middle of the fiber mat layer (1).

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