JP2010243046A - Combustion method and combustion device of oil-water mixed fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion method and a combustion device of oil-water mixed fuel having high combustion efficiency and made by mixing oil and water without adding an emulsifier. <P>SOLUTION: The present invention provides the combustion method of the oil-water mixed fuel characterized by simultaneously mixing and injecting water, fuel oil, and air, and burning the mixture of the water, the fuel oil, and the air while further blowing air to the mixture. The combustion device of the oil-water mixed fuel comprises an injection nozzle for simultaneously mixing and injecting the water, the fuel oil, and the air, a compressor for blowing to the injection nozzle and further blowing air to the mixture of the water, the fuel oil, and the air, and a combustion part for burning the mixture of the water, the fuel oil, and the air while further blowing air to the mixture. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a combustion method and combustion apparatus for oil / water mixed fuel. In particular, the present invention relates to an oil-water mixed fuel combustion method and combustion apparatus in which oil and water are mixed without adding an emulsifier.

  Nitrogen compounds, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, dust, etc. generated by the combustion of fossil fuels are known as environmental pollutants, and the recent rise in crude oil has had a serious impact on the global economy, replacing fossil fuels. Development for practical application of alternative energy is underway.

  However, the reality is that most of the energy required in the world is supplied by burning fossil fuels. As one of the effective uses of this fossil fuel, an emulsion fuel that is more economical and environmentally friendly than simply burning fossil fuel has been attracting attention. An emulsion fuel is a fuel obtained by adding water and an emulsifier to a fuel oil such as a fossil fuel, and has been developed in recent years. A part of the fuel has been put into practical use.

  Although the mechanism of improving the combustion efficiency and reducing environmental pollutants by using emulsion fuel has not been fully elucidated, the fuel oil contained in the emulsion fuel is scattered as fine particles by vaporization of water particles. It is considered that the specific surface area of the fuel oil particles that come into contact with oxygen is increased, and as a result, the combustion efficiency is improved.

Further, it is considered that the generation of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter is suppressed because the temperature increase of the combustion gas is suppressed by vaporization of water particles. There is also an opinion that emulsion fuel has higher thermal efficiency than combustion of fossil fuel alone because there is no heat loss due to the generation of nitrogen oxides, which is an endothermic reaction.

  On the other hand, the emulsion fuel has either a water-in-oil type (W / O type) in which water droplets are contained in fuel oil particles or an oil-in-water type (O / W type) in which oil droplets are contained in water particles. However, since each structure is an unstable structure composed of water particles and fuel oil particles, when the emulsion particles are formed, the particles aggregate over time, and finally the oil layer and water layer Separate into two layers.

  As a general method for producing an emulsion fuel, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose a method in which a surfactant is added and emulsified. Patent Document 1 discloses that a concentrated emulsion fuel material is produced, diluted with water, and stirred and mixed for long-term storage. Patent Document 2 discloses that it is effective for reducing pollutants and improving combustion efficiency.

  However, emulsifiers and stabilizers are indispensable for long-term storage of emulsion fuels, but the addition of emulsifiers and stabilizers increases the production cost of emulsion fuels, while emulsifiers and stabilizers are fuels. It may be flame retardant as compared to oil, and it is also inferred that the addition of the oil reduces the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel.

Japanese Patent No. 3776188 Japanese Patent No. 3103923

  The present invention provides an oil-water mixed fuel combustion method and combustion apparatus having high combustion efficiency, in which oil and water are mixed without adding an emulsifier.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, water, fuel oil, and air are injected simultaneously with mixing, and burned while blowing air to the mixture of water, fuel oil, and air. A combustion method is provided.

  In the combustion method of the oil / water mixed fuel, the water, the fuel oil, and the air may be mixed by an injection nozzle.

  According to an embodiment of the present invention, water and fuel oil are mixed with a mixer, the mixture of water and fuel oil and air are injected simultaneously with mixing, and the water, fuel oil and air are mixed. An oil-water mixed fuel combustion method is provided, wherein the mixture is burned while air is further blown into the mixture.

  In the combustion method of the oil / water mixed fuel, the water, the fuel oil, and the air may be mixed by an injection nozzle.

  In the method of burning oil-water mixed fuel, the water may be treated by applying a direct current voltage and irradiating light having a wavelength of 1,300 nm to 1,900 nm.

  In the combustion method of the oil / water mixed fuel, the water may be treated by applying a direct current voltage of 1,250V to 20,000V.

  Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the jet nozzle that jets water, fuel oil, and air simultaneously with the mixing, the fan is blown to the jet nozzle, and the air is further blown to the mixture of the water, fuel oil, and air. There is provided a combustion apparatus for an oil / water mixed fuel, comprising: a compressor that performs combustion, and a combustion section that burns air while blowing air to the mixture of water, fuel oil, and air.

  The injection nozzle may include a stirring member having a flow path for supplying air in the rotation axis direction, and the mixing of the water, the fuel oil, and the air may be performed by the injection nozzle.

  Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a mixer for mixing water and fuel oil, a mixture of the water and fuel oil, an injection nozzle for injecting air simultaneously with mixing, and an air blow to the injection nozzle. And a compressor that further blows air to the mixture of water, fuel oil, and air, and a combustion section that burns while blowing air to the mixture of water, fuel oil, and air. A mixed fuel combustion apparatus is provided.

  In the oil / water mixed fuel combustion apparatus, the injection nozzle includes a stirring member having a flow path for supplying air in a rotation axis direction, and mixing of the water, fuel oil, and air is performed by the injection nozzle. May be.

  The oil-water mixed fuel combustion apparatus may further include voltage applying means for applying a direct current voltage to the water and irradiation processing means for irradiating the water with light having a wavelength of 1,300 nm to 1,900 nm.

  In the combustion apparatus for oil / water mixed fuel, the voltage applying means may apply a DC voltage of 1,250 V to 20,000 V to the water.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the combustion method and combustion apparatus of the oil-water mixed fuel with high combustion efficiency which mixed oil and water | moisture content, without adding an emulsifier are provided.

The schematic diagram of the combustion part 100 of the oil-water mixed fuel which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The schematic diagram of the combustion apparatus 1 of the oil-water mixed fuel which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The schematic diagram of the stirring member 111 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The conceptual diagram of the mixed state of water, fuel oil, and air. The schematic diagram of the combustion apparatus 2 of the oil-water mixed fuel which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The schematic diagram of the combustion apparatus 3 of the oil-water mixed fuel which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The schematic diagram of the water treatment apparatus 300 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

  In order to avoid the harmful effects of adding emulsifiers and stabilizers to the emulsion fuel, we intensively studied. First, in the production of emulsion fuel, long-term storage of the emulsion fuel is difficult unless an emulsifier or stabilizer is added to the mixture of water and fuel oil.

  Therefore, it was examined to burn the emulsion fuel as soon as it was produced. However, in this case, it has been found that it is not necessary to produce an emulsion fuel that maintains the structure of a water-in-oil type (W / O type) or an oil-in-water type (O / W type).

  As described above, conventional emulsion fuels, particularly water-in-oil (W / O) type emulsion fuels, as described above, cause the fuel oil contained in the emulsion fuel to scatter as fine particles. Combustion efficiency is improved by increasing the specific surface area of the fuel oil particles in contact with oxygen.

  However, when the fuel oil is scattered as fine particles to increase the contact efficiency with oxygen, the formation of emulsion particles is rather unnecessary, and the mixture of fine water particles, fine fuel oil particles and oxygen It only needs to be generated.

  Therefore, a method for producing and burning a mixture of fine water particles, fine fuel oil particles and oxygen was studied.

  Hereinafter, a combustion method of an oil-water mixed fuel according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same structure and may not be demonstrated anew. In addition, the combustion method and combustion apparatus of the oil-water mixed fuel of this invention are not necessarily limited to the following embodiment.

(Embodiment 1)
1 shows a combustion unit 100 of a combustion apparatus for oil-water mixed fuel according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a front view, FIG. 1 (b) is a side view, and FIG. ) Shows a rear view. The combustion unit 100 includes, for example, an injection nozzle 110, an ignition unit 123, a blower unit 131, and an opening 140.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the oil-water mixed fuel combustion apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The combustion apparatus 1 includes, for example, a combustion unit 100, a control unit 150, a fuel oil tank 160, a water storage tank 170, and a compressor 180.

  The injection nozzle 110 has a stirring member 111. FIG. 3 is a view showing the stirring member 111 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The stirring member 111 has a wing portion 113, a support column portion 115, and an installation portion 117. The stirring member 111 has a flow path 119 having a predetermined diameter in the rotation axis direction. The wing portion 113 according to the present embodiment is composed of, for example, six wings. The number and angle of the wing portions 113 are determined according to the size of the apparatus, the amount of air, water, fuel oil supplied, and the fuel. It can be set as appropriate considering the viscosity of the oil.

  A flow path 119 of the stirring member 111 is connected to a pipe 191, and a pipe 195 and a pipe 196 are connected to the injection nozzle 110. Moreover, the ventilation part 131 has the fan 133 and the piping 192 is connected. Further, the pipe 191 and the pipe 192 are connected to the compressor 180 through the control unit 150 and the pipe 193.

  The ignition unit 123 is connected to the ignition transformer 121. The ignition transformer 121 is connected to a wiring 125 connected to the control unit 150. The control unit 150 controls ignition.

  The combustion mechanism in the combustion unit 100 is as follows. First, fuel oil is supplied to the injection nozzle 110 from the fuel oil tank 160 through pipes 197 and 195, and water is supplied from the water storage tank 170 through pipes 198 and 196. At the same time, air is supplied from the compressor 180 to the injection nozzle 110 through the pipe 193, the pipe 191, and the flow path 119 of the stirring member 111. At this time, the stirring member 111 rotates to mix and inject water, fuel oil, and air. The amount of water, fuel oil and air supplied is controlled by the control unit 150.

  FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are diagrams showing the concept of mixing water, fuel oil, and air in the injection nozzle 110. In the jet nozzle 110, the stirring member 111 rotates, and the fluid is stirred as shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. That is, the air supplied from the flow path 119 is blown into the fuel oil supplied from the pipe 195 and the water supplied from the pipe 196, and the supplied fuel oil, water, and air collide by the rotation of the stirring member 111. It is possible to produce a mixture of fine water particles, fine fuel oil particles, and air by efficiently mixing by a combination of turbulent flow, rotation, confluence, turning, branching, convergence, and diffusion.

  The mixture of fine water particles, fine fuel oil particles, and air injected from the injection nozzle 110 is discharged and ignited by the ignition unit 123 and burned. At this time, air is supplied from the compressor 180 to the blower 131 through the pipe 192 and further stirred by the fan 133 to further enhance the combustion effect. The supply of air is controlled by the control unit 150. The heat generated by the combustion is released from the opening 140.

  In addition, the water used in the combustion method of the oil / water mixed fuel according to the present invention may be well water, rain water or the like as long as it is filtered in addition to tap water, or treated water as described later. Moreover, as fuel oil, it can select suitably from what is used as fuel oil other than petroleum, such as heavy oil, kerosene, and light oil.

  As described above, according to the combustion of the oil-water mixed fuel according to the present invention, a mixture of fine water particles, fine fuel oil particles, and air can be generated by a complicated stirring action at the injection nozzle. The contact area between the fuel oil particles and oxygen is increased, and combustion of the oil / water mixed fuel with high combustion efficiency becomes possible. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of the nitrogen compound, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, etc. which generate | occur | produce by combustion of a fossil fuel can be suppressed. In addition, by mixing water, fuel oil, and air without adding an emulsifier, there is an excellent effect that the combustion cost can be suppressed.

(Embodiment 2)
The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it includes a step of premixing water and fuel oil using a mixer before mixing them with an injection nozzle.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an oil-water mixed fuel combustion apparatus 2 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Combustion device 2 includes mixer 200 in addition to combustion unit 100, control unit 150, fuel oil tank 160, water storage tank 170, and compressor 180.

  A pipe 197, a pipe 198, and a pipe 291 are connected to the mixer 200. Fuel oil is supplied from the fuel oil tank 160 to the mixer 200 through the pipe 197, and water is supplied from the water storage tank 170 to the mixer 200 through the pipe 198. Then, the mixture of water and fuel oil mixed by the mixer 200 is sent to the control unit 150 through the pipe 291 and supplied to the combustion unit 100 under the control of the control unit 150. At this time, the mixture of water and fuel oil can be supplied to the combustion unit 100 from either one or both of the pipe 195 and the pipe 196. Subsequent fuel processes are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.

  In addition, the mixing of water and fuel oil in the mixer 200 can be appropriately set such as a method using ultrasonic waves and a method using stirring as long as the two can be sufficiently emulsified.

  As described above, according to the combustion apparatus for oil-water mixed fuel according to the present invention, in addition to generating a mixture of fine water particles, fine fuel oil particles and air by a complicated stirring action at the injection nozzle, Since water and fuel oil are emulsified in advance using the mixer, the contact area between the fuel oil particles and oxygen increases, and more effective combustion of the oil / water mixed fuel with high combustion efficiency becomes possible. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of the nitrogen compound, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, etc. which generate | occur | produce by combustion of a fossil fuel can be suppressed. In addition, by mixing water, fuel oil, and air without adding an emulsifier, there is an excellent effect that the combustion cost can be suppressed.

(Embodiment 3)
The third embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in that it does not directly use tap water or the like but further provides a water treatment step for improving combustion efficiency.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an oil-water mixed fuel combustion apparatus 3 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Combustion device 3 includes water treatment device 300 in addition to combustion unit 100, control unit 150, fuel oil tank 160, water storage tank 170, and compressor 180. A pipe 391 is connected to the water treatment apparatus 300 and is connected to the water storage tank 170.

  FIG. 7 is a view showing a water treatment apparatus 300 according to the third embodiment. The water treatment device 300 includes a high voltage treatment device 310 and a light irradiation treatment device 320. The high voltage processing apparatus 310 is provided with an electrode 311, and a pipe 393, a pipe 395, and a pipe 397 are connected thereto. A lamp 321 is installed in the light irradiation processing device 320, and a pipe 391, a pipe 395, and a pipe 397 are connected.

  Raw water such as tap water is supplied from the pipe 393 to the high voltage processing apparatus 310, and a DC voltage of 1,250 to 20,000 V is applied by the electrode 311. The DC voltage and time to be applied can be appropriately set in consideration of the type and properties of raw water and the combustion oil to be mixed thereafter.

  The water subjected to the high voltage treatment is supplied to the light irradiation treatment device 320 through the pipe 395. The supplied water is processed by irradiating light having a wavelength of 1,300 nm to 1,900 nm with the lamp 321 in the light irradiation processing device 320. In addition, the irradiation intensity and irradiation time of light in the light irradiation processing device 320 can be appropriately set in consideration of the type and properties of raw water and the combustion oil to be mixed thereafter.

The light-irradiated water can be returned to the high-voltage treatment device 310 again from the pipe 397, and treated water is produced by performing the high-voltage treatment and the light irradiation treatment at least once each. Carbon fine particles having a specific surface area of 100 m ² / g or more may be added to the treated water. The produced treated water is supplied to the water storage tank 170 through the pipe 391 and stored until it is used.

  Since the process of producing and burning the oil / water mixed fuel using this treated water is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted. Moreover, by installing the mixer 200 as in the second embodiment, water and fuel oil can be mixed in advance.

  As described above, according to the combustion apparatus for oil-water mixed fuel according to the present invention, in addition to generating a mixture of fine water particles, fine fuel oil particles and air by a complicated stirring action at the injection nozzle, By using the treated water treated in advance, the contact area between the fuel oil particles and oxygen is increased, and more effective combustion of the oil / water mixed fuel with high combustion efficiency becomes possible. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of the nitrogen compound, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, etc. which generate | occur | produce by combustion of a fossil fuel can be suppressed. In addition, by mixing water, fuel oil, and air without adding an emulsifier, there is an excellent effect that the combustion cost can be suppressed.

(Measure combustion temperature)
Using the combustion apparatus described in Embodiment 1, a combustion experiment was performed and the combustion temperature was measured. The combustion temperature was measured by analyzing a thermographic image.

Example 1
As Example 1, heavy oil is used as fuel oil, tap water is used as water, and the mixing ratio of heavy oil and water is 67:33. Therefore, the supply amounts to the injection nozzle are 147 ml / min and 70 ml / min, respectively. did.

(Example 2)
In Example 2, heavy oil was used as fuel oil, the treated water described in Example 3 was used as water, and the mixing ratio of heavy oil and treated water was 67:33. Therefore, the supply amount to the injection nozzle was 147 ml / each. min, 70 ml / min.

(Comparative Example 1)
As Comparative Example 1, only heavy oil was burned. Table 1 shows the combustion temperature measurement results of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1.

  As shown in Table 1, the combustion temperature of the oil / water mixed fuel was higher in Example 2 using treated water than in Example 1 using tap water. Therefore, by performing the water treatment described in the third embodiment, it is presumed that the combustion efficiency of the oil / water mixed fuel becomes higher than when tap water is used.

(Calorimetric measurement)
A combustion experiment was performed using the combustion apparatus described in the first embodiment, and the amount of heat obtained by the combustion was measured. The amount of heat was measured by heating water with heat generated by combustion and evaluating the relationship between the increased temperature and time. Here, the amount of heated water was 19 L, and the specific heat of water was 1.

Example 3
As Example 3, since heavy oil is used as fuel oil, treated water is used as water, and the mixing ratio of heavy oil and water is 67:33, the supply amounts to the injection nozzle are 104 ml / min and 51 ml / min, respectively. did.

(Comparative Example 2)
As Comparative Example 2, only heavy oil was burned. The amount of heavy oil supplied to the injection nozzle was 155 ml / min. The measurement results of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 2.

  As shown in Table 2, the oil / water mixed fuel of Example 3 in which 33% of the treated water was mixed as water with respect to the total amount of the oil / water mixed fuel was higher than that of Comparative Example 2 in which only heavy oil was burned. Although the amount of heat is 95%, considering that the content of heavy oil in the oil / water mixed fuel of Example 3 is 67%, the amount of heat obtained by burning the oil / water mixed fuel of Example 3 is only heavy oil. It is presumed that the combustion efficiency of the oil / water mixed fuel is improved by mixing the treated water as water, which is significantly larger than the comparative example 2 in which the oil is combusted.

(Component analysis of exhaust gas)
The component analysis of the exhaust gas produced by Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 was performed. Table 3 shows the analysis results.

  As shown in Table 3, Example 1 and Example 2 resulted in a lower nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas than Comparative Example 1. In particular, in Example 2 using treated water, the content of nitrogen oxides was less than half that of Comparative Example 1, and the result was that the content of sulfur oxides was lower than that in Example 1 using tap water. became.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combustion apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention 100 Combustion part of the combustion apparatus of Embodiment 1 110 Injection nozzle 111 Stirring member 113 Wing | blade part 115 Support | pillar part 117 Installation part 119 Flow path 121 Ignition transformer 123 Ignition part 125 Wiring 131 Blower part 133 Fan 140 Opening part 150 Control part 160 Fuel oil tank 170 Water storage tank 180 Compressor 191 Piping 192 Piping 193 Piping 195 Piping 196 Piping 197 Piping 198 Piping 2 Combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention 200 Mixer 291 Piping 3 Combustion device according to one embodiment 300 Water treatment device 310 High voltage treatment device 311 Electrode 320 Light irradiation treatment device 321 Lamp 391 Piping 393 Piping 395 Piping 397 Piping

Claims (12)

Water, fuel oil and air are mixed and injected at the same time,
A combustion method for an oil / water mixed fuel, characterized in that combustion is performed while blowing air to the mixture of water, fuel oil and air. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixing of the water, the fuel oil, and the air is performed by an injection nozzle. Mix water and fuel oil in a mixer,
Injecting the mixture of water and fuel oil and air simultaneously with mixing,
A combustion method for an oil / water mixed fuel, characterized in that combustion is performed while blowing air to the mixture of water, fuel oil and air. The method of claim 3, wherein the mixing of the water, the fuel oil, and the air is performed by an injection nozzle. 5. The oil-water mixed fuel according to claim 1, wherein the water is treated by applying a direct current voltage and irradiating light having a wavelength of 1,300 nm to 1,900 nm. Combustion method. 6. The method for combusting oil-water mixed fuel according to claim 5, wherein the water is treated by applying a direct current voltage of 1,250V to 20,000V. An injection nozzle that injects water, fuel oil, and air simultaneously with mixing;
A compressor that blows air to the injection nozzle and further blows air to the mixture of water, fuel oil, and air;
An oil-water mixed fuel combustion apparatus comprising: a combustion section that burns air while blowing air to the mixture of water, fuel oil, and air. The said injection nozzle contains the stirring member which has a flow path for supplying air to a rotating shaft direction, The mixing of the said water, fuel oil, and air is performed by the said injection nozzle. An oil-water mixed fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1. A mixer for mixing water and fuel oil;
An injection nozzle that injects the mixture of water and fuel oil and air simultaneously with mixing;
A compressor for blowing air to the injection nozzle and further blowing air to the mixture of water, fuel oil and air;
The combustion apparatus of the oil-water mixed fuel characterized by including the combustion part which burns, blowing air on the mixture of the said water, fuel oil, and air further. The said injection nozzle contains the stirring member which has a flow path for supplying air to a rotating shaft direction, and mixing of the said water, fuel oil, and air is performed by the said injection nozzle. An oil-water mixed fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1. Voltage applying means for applying a DC voltage to the water;
The combustion apparatus for oil-water mixed fuel according to any one of claims 7 to 10, further comprising irradiation processing means for irradiating the water with light having a wavelength of 1,300 nm to 1,900 nm. 12. The oil / water mixed fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the voltage application means applies a direct current voltage of 1,250 V to 20,000 V to the water.

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