JP2010229353A - 光電変換材料、半導体電極並びにそれを用いた光電変換素子 - Google Patents
光電変換材料、半導体電極並びにそれを用いた光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010229353A JP2010229353A JP2009080189A JP2009080189A JP2010229353A JP 2010229353 A JP2010229353 A JP 2010229353A JP 2009080189 A JP2009080189 A JP 2009080189A JP 2009080189 A JP2009080189 A JP 2009080189A JP 2010229353 A JP2010229353 A JP 2010229353A
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- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWIDFFRKCKLPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-M [I+].[I-] Chemical compound [I+].[I-] PWIDFFRKCKLPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFVLVVWMAFSXCK-VMPITWQZSA-N alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C(\C#N)=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 AFVLVVWMAFSXCK-VMPITWQZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YBIBFEHHOULQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-9-yl(phenyl)methanone Chemical compound C=12C=CC=CC2=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YBIBFEHHOULQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N as-o-xylenol Natural products CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ITGYRCFVXWPYOI-NKOBOTCDSA-N benzoic acid;(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-n-octylhexanamide Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCCCCCNC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO ITGYRCFVXWPYOI-NKOBOTCDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- KFCSIQAHBXUNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-dinitrophenyl)methanone Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC(C(=O)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O)=C1 KFCSIQAHBXUNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Cs+] LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940046413 calcium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001640 calcium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001841 cholesterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XXZXGDFLKRDJFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;cyano thiocyanate Chemical compound [Cu].N#CSC#N XXZXGDFLKRDJFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UIPVMGDJUWUZEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;selanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=[Se] UIPVMGDJUWUZEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=S LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-AATRIKPKSA-N diethyl fumarate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N dimethyl maleate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007350 electrophilic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZHSSKPUVBVXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CC(O)O AZHSSKPUVBVXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005670 ethenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000814 indol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2N([H])C([H])=C([*])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010299 mechanically pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006606 n-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOVOSQBPPZZESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NNC1=CC=CC=C1 JOVOSQBPPZZESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940038531 phenylhydrazine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005506 phthalide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKDIAJWKFXFVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(dioxo)niobium Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O UKDIAJWKFXFVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound I.C1=CC=NC=C1 BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Se] GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metatitanate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Ti](=O)O[Ti](=O)O[Ti]([O-])=O GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium polysulfide Chemical compound [Na+].S HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000213 sulfino group Chemical group [H]OS(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000979 synthetic dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001040 synthetic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004961 triphenylmethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Landscapes
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
中間体Aの合成
フェニルヒドラジン塩酸塩9.8gと1−インダノン8.8gを酢酸100mlに溶解し、3時間加熱還流した。反応液を室温に冷却し、析出した固体を濾取し、酢酸80ml、次いで水200mlで洗浄後、40℃にて減圧乾燥した。この粗生成物をエタノール450mlから再結晶し、析出結晶を濾取し、エタノール30mlで洗浄、風乾して、中間体A 8.8gを粉体として得た。
3.69(2H,s)、7.02〜7.11(2H,m)、7.18〜7.22(1H,m)、7.34(1H,t,J=7.4Hz)、7.45(1H,d,J=8.0Hz)、7.54〜7.59(3H,m)
中間体Bの合成
中間体A 8.7gをトリフルオロ酢酸100mlに溶解し、氷冷して液温を5℃に保ちながら、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム3.9gを加えた。水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの添加が終了した後、室温で2時間攪拌した。ロータリエバポレーターを使用してトリフルオロ酢酸を減圧留去した後、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液900mlを加えて残留するトリフルオロ酢酸を中和した。更に、クロロホルム100mlで3回抽出し、抽出液を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、ロータリーエバポレーターでクロロホルムを減圧留去して粗生成物8.8gを得た。これを酢酸エチル/トルエン=1/15(容積比)を展開溶剤としてシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーを行って中間体Bを油状物として7.8g得た。
3.22(1H,dd,J1=16Hz,J2=1.6Hz)、3.52(1H,dd,J1=16Hz,J2=8.4Hz)、4.20(1H,t,J=8.4Hz)、4.26(1H,broad s)、5.26(1H,d,J=8.4Hz)、6.60(1H,d,J=8.0Hz)、6.73(1H,dt,J1=7.2Hz,J2=0.8H)、7.00(1H,m)、7.16〜7.24(4H,m)、7.32〜7.34(1H、m)
中間体Dの合成
中間体B 4.0gと中間体C 6.5gをキシレン120mlに溶解し、t−ブトキシカリウム4.2gと酢酸パラジウム0.05gを加えて攪拌した。溶液と反応容器内を窒素置換した後、トリ(t−ブチル)ホスフィン0.2mlを加えて、120℃で6時間加熱還流した。反応液を室温まで冷却後、水200mlとクロロホルム200mlを加えて攪拌し、有機層を分液した。このクロロホルム/キシレン混合溶液を水100mlで3回洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を減圧留去して得た残留油状物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶剤;トルエン/n−ヘキサン=1/2(容積比))で精製して、中間体Dを油状物として7.6g得た。
中間体Eの合成
DMF30mlに塩化ホスホリル5.4gを添加して室温で30分間攪拌した。ここに中間体D 7.6gをクロロホルム100mlに溶かして1時間かけてゆっくり滴下した。室温で4時間攪拌の後、反応液を氷水にあけて、20%NaOH水溶液を加えてpH=11に調整した。クロロホルム100mlを加えた後、分液して有機層を取り出し、水層をクロロホルム50mlで3回抽出した。有機層を集めて水100mlで3回洗浄した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を減圧留去した。粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶剤;トルエン/酢酸エチル=5/1(容積比))で精製して、中間体Eを淡黄色固体として6.2g得た。
3.29(1H,dd,J1=16.4Hz,J2=2.8Hz)、3.57(1H,dd,J1=16.4Hz,J2=8.8Hz)、4.30(1H,broad t,J=8.2Hz)、5.90(1H,d,J=8.8Hz)、6.80(1H,d,J=8.4Hz)、6.86(1H,d,J=7.6Hz)、7.0〜7.4(18H,m)、7.51(1H,dd,J1=8.4Hz,J2=1.6Hz)、7.74(1H、broad s)、9.70(1H,s)
例示色素A34の合成
中間体E 1.0g、中間体F 0.7g、酢酸アンモニウム0.05gを酢酸60mlに溶解し、120℃で4時間加熱還流した。反応液を室温に冷却し、析出した色素を濾取し、酢酸60ml、次いで水100ml、最後にメタノール50mlで洗浄して風乾した。粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶剤;クロロホルム/メタノール=20/1(容積比))で精製して、例示色素;A34を赤紫色粉体として0.64g得た。
中間体E 1.3g、シアノ酢酸 0.68g、ピペリジン0.54gをアセトニトリル50mlに溶解し、8時間加熱還流した。析出した色素の固形物を熱時濾取して風乾した。この色素のピペリジン塩をクロロホルム100mlに溶解し、0.03N塩酸100mlと攪拌してフリーの色素に変換した。色素のクロロホルム溶液を水100mlで2回洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を減圧留去した。残留する固体をメタノール50mlで洗浄して濾取し、更にメタノール50mlで洗浄して、例示色素;A5をくすんだ朱色粉体として1.28g得た。
酸化チタン(日本アエロジル社製、商品名:P−25)2g、アセチルアセトン0.2g、界面活性剤(アルドリッチ社製、商品名:Triton X−100)0.3gを水6.5gと共にペイントコンディショナー(レッドデビル社製)で6時間分散処理を施した。更に、この分散液4.0gに対して濃硝酸0.2ml、エタノール0.4ml、ポリエチレングリコール(#20,000)1.2gを加えてペーストを作製した。このペーストをFTOガラス基板上に膜厚12μmになるように塗布し、室温で乾燥後、100℃で1時間、更に550℃で1時間焼成した。
例示色素(A5)を、表1に示す例示色素に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果を表1に示す。
例示色素(A5)を、表2に示す例示色素に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
例示色素(A34)で示した色素をTHFに溶解し、0.3mMの濃度の色素溶液を作製した。この色素溶液に、ステロイド化合物(C1)を0.6mMの濃度で溶解した。このようにして調製した色素溶液に、先に作製した半導体電極を室温で15時間浸漬して吸着処理を施し、作用電極を作製した。対極にはチタニウム板上に白金をスパッタリングしたものを使用した。両電極を互いに向かい合うように配置し、それらの間に電解液を注入して光電変換素子を作製した。電解液はヨウ化リチウム0.1M、ヨウ素0.05M、ヨウ化1,2−ジメチル−3−n−プロピルイミダゾリウム0.5M、4−t−ブチルピリジン0.05Mの3−メトキシプロピオニトリル溶液を使用した。
例示色素(A34)を、表3に示す例示色素に変更した以外は実施例30と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果を表3に示す。
例示色素(A5)を、表4に示す例示色素に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果を表4に示す。
例示色素(A34)を、表5に示す例示色素に変更し、ステロイド化合物(C1)をステロイド化合物(C2)に変更した以外は実施例30と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果を表5に示す。
例示色素(D1)をTHFに溶解し、0.3mMの濃度の色素溶液を作製した。この色素溶液に、先に作製した半導体電極を室温で15時間浸漬して吸着処理を施し、作用電極を作製した。対極にはチタニウム板上に白金をスパッタリングしたものを使用した。両電極を互いに向かい合うように配置し、それらの間に電解液を注入して光電変換素子を作製した。電解液はヨウ化リチウム0.1M、ヨウ素0.05M、ヨウ化1,2−ジメチル−3−n−プロピルイミダゾリウム0.5M、4−t−ブチルピリジン0.05Mの3−メトキシプロピオニトリル溶液を使用した。
例示色素(D1)を、例示色素(D2)に変更した以外は比較例1と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果、開放電圧0.64V、短絡電流密度4.74mA/cm2、形状因子0.56、光電変換効率1.70%であった。
例示色素(D3)で示した色素をTHFに溶解し、0.3mMの濃度の色素溶液を作製した。この色素溶液に、ステロイド化合物(C1)を0.6mMの濃度で溶解した。このようにして調製した色素溶液に、先に作製した半導体電極を室温で15時間浸漬して吸着処理を施し、作用電極を作製した。対極にはチタニウム板上に白金をスパッタリングしたものを使用した。両電極を互いに向かい合うように配置し、それらの間に電解液を注入して光電変換素子を作製した。電解液はヨウ化リチウム0.1M、ヨウ素0.05M、ヨウ化1,2−ジメチル−3−n−プロピルイミダゾリウム0.5M、4−t−ブチルピリジン0.05Mの3−メトキシプロピオニトリル溶液を使用した。
例示色素(D1)を、例示色素(D4)に変更した以外は比較例1と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果、開放電圧0.70V、短絡電流密度8.17mA/cm2、形状因子0.63、光電変換効率3.60%であった。
例示色素(D1)を、例示色素(D5)に変更した以外は比較例1と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果、開放電圧0.69V、短絡電流密度9.58mA/cm2、形状因子0.63、光電変換効率4.16%であった。
例示色素(D3)を、例示色素(D6)に変更した以外は比較例3と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果、開放電圧0.70V、短絡電流密度10.05mA/cm2、形状因子0.66、光電変換効率4.64%であった。
実施例1で作製した光電変換素子を暗所、温度60℃の環境下で10日間保存した後、実施例1と同じ光電変換特性を評価した。その結果、開放電圧0.70V、短絡電流密度9.44mA/cm2、形状因子0.69、光電変換効率4.56%と良好な値を示した。次いで、光電変換効率の維持率を求めた。維持率は保存前の光電変換効率に対する、保存後の光電変換効率の百分率として算出した。その結果、維持率は99%であった。
例示色素(A5)を、表6に示す例示色素に変更した以外は実施例91と同様にして光電変換素子を経時保存し、保存後の変換効率を測定し、その維持率を算出した。その結果を表6に示す。
例示色素(A5)を、表7に示す例示色素に変更した以外は実施例91と同様にして光電変換素子を経時保存し、保存後の変換効率を測定し、その維持率を算出した。その結果を表7に示す。
実施例30で作製した光電変換素子を暗所、温度60℃の環境下で10日間保存した後、実施例1と同じ光電変換特性を評価した。その結果、開放電圧0.72V、短絡電流密度13.87mA/cm2、形状因子0.69、光電変換効率6.89%と良好な値を示した。次いで、光電変換効率の維持率を求めた。維持率は保存前の光電変換効率に対する、保存後の光電変換効率の百分率として算出した。その結果、維持率は99%であった。
例示色素(A34)を、表8に示す例示色素に変更した以外は実施例120と同様にして光電変換素子を経時保存し、保存後の変換効率を測定し、その維持率を算出した。その結果を表8に示す。
例示色素(A5)を、表9に示す例示色素に変更した以外は実施例91と同様にして光電変換素子を経時保存し、保存後の変換効率を測定し、その維持率を算出した。その結果を表9に示す。
比較例1、比較例2、比較例4、比較例5で作製した光電変換素子を暗所、温度60℃の環境下で10日間保存した後に変換効率を測定し、その維持率を算出した。その結果を表10に示す。
比較例3と比較例6で作製した光電変換素子を暗所、温度60℃の環境下で10日間保存した後に変換効率を測定し、その維持率を算出した。その結果を表11に示す。
例示色素(A34)を、表12に示す例示色素に変更した以外は実施例30と同様にして素子を作製し評価した。その結果を表12に示す。
実施例165〜180で作製した光電変換素子を暗所、温度60℃の環境下で10日間保存した後、実施例165〜180と同じ光電変換特性を評価した。次いで、光電変換効率の維持率を求めた。維持率は保存前の光電変換効率に対する、保存後の光電変換効率の百分率として算出した。その結果を表13に示す。
Claims (3)
- 一般式[I]または一般式[II]で示される色素を用いることを特徴とする光電変換材料。
- 導電性支持体と、その導電性支持体表面上を被覆した半導体層と、その半導体層の表面に吸着した色素からなる半導体電極において、色素として請求項1記載の一般式[I]または一般式[II]で示される色素を少なくとも一種以上含有することを特徴とする半導体電極。
- 請求項2記載の半導体電極を用いることを特徴とする光電変換素子。
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JP2013175444A (ja) * | 2012-01-24 | 2013-09-05 | Hodogaya Chem Co Ltd | 光電変換用増感色素およびそれを用いた光電変換素子ならびに色素増感太陽電池 |
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KR101571598B1 (ko) | 2012-12-24 | 2015-11-24 | 주식회사 두산 | 유기 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
JP2014146534A (ja) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-08-14 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
KR20190101345A (ko) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-08-30 | 덕산네오룩스 주식회사 | 유기전기소자용 화합물, 이를 이용한 유기전기소자 및 그 전자 장치 |
KR102089958B1 (ko) | 2019-08-21 | 2020-03-18 | 덕산네오룩스 주식회사 | 유기전기소자용 화합물, 이를 이용한 유기전기소자 및 그 전자 장치 |
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