JP2010227771A - Waste treating method - Google Patents
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- JP2010227771A JP2010227771A JP2009076210A JP2009076210A JP2010227771A JP 2010227771 A JP2010227771 A JP 2010227771A JP 2009076210 A JP2009076210 A JP 2009076210A JP 2009076210 A JP2009076210 A JP 2009076210A JP 2010227771 A JP2010227771 A JP 2010227771A
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- incinerated ash
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 116
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 etc. Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010800 human waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940005654 nitrite ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004045 organic chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、化学物質を含有する廃棄物の処理方法に関し、特に、廃棄物中の化学物質が環境中へ溶出するのを抑制しうる廃棄物の処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for treating a waste containing a chemical substance, and more particularly, to a method for treating a waste that can suppress the elution of a chemical substance in the waste into the environment.
従来、化学物質による環境汚染を防止すべく、化学物質を含有する廃棄物は、他の廃棄物と区別されて収集され、処分されている。特に、重金属等の有害な化学物質を含有する廃棄物（例えば、都市ゴミや産業廃棄物等の燃え殻、汚泥、鉱滓、煤塵、耐火レンガ廃材等、又は、これらの焼却灰や飛灰等）は、特別管理廃棄物に指定され、中間処理において無害化された後、最終処分されるよう定められている。例えば、雨水等によって廃棄物中の重金属が環境中へ溶出するのを防止するための処理を行った後、投棄処分等がされている。 Conventionally, waste containing chemical substances is collected and disposed of separately from other wastes in order to prevent environmental pollution by chemical substances. In particular, waste containing hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals (for example, burned husks such as municipal waste and industrial waste, sludge, mines, dust, refractory brick waste, or incineration ash and fly ash, etc.) It is stipulated that it is designated as specially managed waste, detoxified in intermediate treatment, and finally disposed. For example, after disposal for preventing heavy metals in waste from leaching into the environment due to rainwater or the like, disposal is performed.
具体的には、廃棄物を高温溶融して、溶融スラグとすることで、重金属を該スラグ中に安定した状態で固定し、溶出を抑制する処理方法が採用されている（特許文献１参照）。また、他の処理方法としては、廃棄物を焼却等することで生じる焼却灰をセメントで固化することで、重金属を固定し、溶出を抑制する処理方法も採用されている（特許文献２参照）。 Specifically, a treatment method is adopted in which waste metal is melted at high temperature to form molten slag, thereby fixing heavy metals in a stable state in the slag and suppressing elution (see Patent Document 1). . In addition, as another treatment method, a treatment method is also adopted in which heavy ash is fixed and solidification is suppressed by solidifying incineration ash generated by incineration of waste with cement (see Patent Document 2). .
更に他の方法としては、廃棄物とキレート化剤とを混合することで、廃棄物から溶出する重金属をキレート化剤によって捕捉し、重金属を固定する処理方法が採用されている（特許文献３参照）。また、更に他の方法としては、廃棄物を酸性溶液と接触させることによって酸性溶液中に重金属を抽出し、廃棄物から重金属を除去する処理方法が採用されている（特許文献４参照）。 Furthermore, as another method, a treatment method is adopted in which a heavy metal eluted from the waste is captured by the chelating agent by mixing the waste and the chelating agent (see Patent Document 3). ). As yet another method, a treatment method is adopted in which heavy metal is extracted from an acidic solution by bringing the waste into contact with an acidic solution, and the heavy metal is removed from the waste (see Patent Document 4).
ところで、近年、都市排水や工場排水等の処理量の増加に伴い、発生する汚泥の量も増加している。この汚泥は、焼却又は溶融処理されることによって減量化（減容化）されるものの、発生する汚泥焼却灰の量は、膨大なものであるため、投棄処分等の最終処分量を減少させるべく、汚泥焼却灰を再資源化する試みがなされている。例えば、汚泥焼却灰を加圧成形した後、焼成してレンガとして利用したり、加圧造粒して人造骨材として利用したり、又は、溶融して路盤材として利用したりする試みがなされている。 By the way, in recent years, the amount of generated sludge is increasing with the increase in the amount of treated urban wastewater and factory wastewater. Although this sludge is reduced (volume reduction) by being incinerated or melted, the amount of generated sludge incineration ash is enormous, so the final disposal amount such as dumping disposal should be reduced. Attempts have been made to recycle sludge incineration ash. For example, after pressure forming sludge incineration ash, it is baked and used as bricks, or pressure granulated and used as artificial aggregate, or melted and used as roadbed material. ing.
しかしながら、上記のような廃棄物の処理方法は、処理を行うため巨大な設備や多大なエネルギーが必要であったり、含有する化学物質の性状や含有量によって、処理に用いる材料（セメント、キレート化剤、酸性溶液等）の性状や添加量を選択する必要があったりするため、廃棄物の処理に多大な手間とコストがかかっていた。 However, the waste treatment method as described above requires enormous facilities and enormous energy to perform the treatment, or depending on the properties and content of chemical substances contained, the materials used for the treatment (cement, chelation) In other words, it is necessary to select the properties and the amount of the additive and the acidic solution), and therefore, it takes a lot of labor and cost to treat the waste.
一方、汚泥焼却灰に関しては、汚泥焼却灰の投棄処分量をさらに減少させるためにも、上記のような再資源化の方法のみならず、汚泥焼却灰に更なる処理を施し、付加価値を付与することによって、汚泥焼却灰の更なる用途の拡大を図ることが求められている。 On the other hand, for sludge incineration ash, in order to further reduce the amount of sludge incineration ash dumped, not only the above-mentioned recycling method but also further processing is applied to sludge incineration ash to add value. By doing so, it is required to further expand the applications of sludge incineration ash.
そこで、本発明は、このような従来技術の問題点に鑑み、所定の処理を施した汚泥焼却灰を用いることで、廃棄物中の化学物質が環境中へ溶出するのを容易に抑制しうる廃棄物の処理方法を提供すると共に、汚泥焼却灰の新たな用途を見出すことを課題とする。 Therefore, in view of such problems of the prior art, the present invention can easily suppress the chemical substances in the waste from eluting into the environment by using the sludge incinerated ash that has been subjected to the predetermined treatment. It is an object to provide a waste treatment method and to find a new use of sludge incineration ash.
本発明者らは、上記した如き課題に鑑みて鋭意研究を重ねた結果、汚泥焼却灰を酸によって処理した焼却灰処理物を、化学物質を含有する廃棄物の周囲に配することによって、廃棄物中の化学物質が環境中へ溶出するのを抑制しうることを見出し、ここに発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive research in view of the problems as described above, the present inventors have disposed of the incinerated ash treated with sludge incinerated ash treated with acid around the waste containing chemical substances, thereby disposing of the waste. It has been found that chemical substances in a product can be prevented from eluting into the environment, and the present invention has been completed here.
即ち、本発明に係る廃棄物の処理方法は、汚泥焼却灰と酸とを接触させて得られた焼却灰処理物を、化学物質を含有する廃棄物の周囲に配することを特徴とするものである。 That is, the waste processing method according to the present invention is characterized in that the incinerated ash treated product obtained by bringing the sludge incinerated ash into contact with the acid is disposed around the waste containing the chemical substance. It is.
上記構成からなる廃棄物の処理方法によれば、汚泥焼却灰と酸とを接触させることで、汚泥焼却灰中の酸可溶性成分が溶出し、汚泥焼却灰が多孔質化され、微細な細孔を有する焼却灰処理物が形成される。該焼却灰処理物は、化学物質を含有する廃棄物の周囲に配されることによって、雨水等が廃棄物に接触することで溶出する化学物質を前記細孔に吸着し、環境中への溶出を容易に抑制することができる。これにより、汚泥焼却灰を廃棄物の処理に利用することができ、再資源化を図ることができる。 According to the waste processing method having the above-described configuration, by bringing the sludge incineration ash into contact with the acid, the acid-soluble components in the sludge incineration ash are eluted, the sludge incineration ash is made porous, and fine pores An incinerated ash treatment product having the following is formed. The incinerated ash-treated product is disposed around the waste containing chemical substances, so that the chemical substances that elute when rainwater comes into contact with the wastes are adsorbed to the pores and eluted into the environment. Can be easily suppressed. Thereby, sludge incineration ash can be utilized for processing of a waste, and recycling can be aimed at.
以上のように、本発明によれば、汚泥焼却灰を酸によって処理した焼却灰処理物を、化学物質を含有する廃棄物の周囲に配することで、廃棄物中の化学物質が環境中に溶出するのを容易に抑制することができると共に、汚泥焼却灰の再資源化を図ることができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, by disposing the incinerated ash treated product obtained by treating sludge incinerated ash with an acid around the waste containing the chemical substance, the chemical substance in the waste is put into the environment. Elution can be easily suppressed and recycling of sludge incineration ash can be achieved.
以下、本発明の一実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
本実施形態にかかる廃棄物の処理方法は、汚泥焼却灰と酸とを接触させる酸処理工程を経て得られる焼却灰処理物を用い、該焼却灰処理物を、化学物質を含有する廃棄物の周囲に配することによって行われるものである。 The waste treatment method according to the present embodiment uses an incinerated ash treatment product obtained through an acid treatment process in which sludge incineration ash and acid are brought into contact with each other, and the incineration ash treatment product is used as a waste containing chemical substances. It is done by arranging it around.
前記汚泥焼却灰としては、下水処理場で発生する汚泥（活性汚泥やし尿、家庭用雑排水、産業用排水等を処理することによって発生する汚泥等）を焼却したものを用いることができる。前記汚泥には、高分子凝集剤を含んだ汚泥や石灰系凝集剤を含んだ汚泥等を用いることができる。具体的には、近年、下水処理場等においては汚泥の発生量を減少させる目的から高分子凝集剤が多用されるため、高分子凝集剤を含む汚泥を焼却した汚泥焼却灰を用いることが好ましい。また、前記汚泥は、含水率が６０〜９０重量％程度になるまで脱水されたものを用いることが好ましい。 As the sludge incineration ash, incinerated sludge generated at a sewage treatment plant (activated sludge, human waste, household wastewater, industrial wastewater, etc.) can be used. As the sludge, sludge containing a polymer flocculant or sludge containing a lime-based flocculant can be used. Specifically, in recent years, in order to reduce the amount of sludge generated in sewage treatment plants and the like, a polymer flocculant is frequently used. Therefore, it is preferable to use sludge incineration ash obtained by incinerating sludge containing the polymer flocculant. . The sludge is preferably dehydrated until the moisture content is about 60 to 90% by weight.
また、前記汚泥焼却灰は、シリカ、燐酸カルシウム、アルミナ、酸化鉄等を含むものであってもよい。また、前記汚泥焼却灰の形態としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、汚泥を焼却したそのままの形態であってもよく、ペレット状、板状、錠剤状等に形成されたものであってもよい。さらに、酸との接触による反応が効果的に行われるように、粉砕されて粉体状の形態とされることが好ましい。 The sludge incineration ash may include silica, calcium phosphate, alumina, iron oxide and the like. Further, the form of the sludge incineration ash is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a form in which sludge is incinerated or formed in a pellet form, a plate form, a tablet form, or the like. May be. Furthermore, it is preferable to grind | pulverize and make it into a powder form so that reaction by contact with an acid may be performed effectively.
前記酸処理工程は、汚泥焼却灰と酸とを接触させ、汚泥焼却灰中の酸可溶性成分を溶解して除去し、汚泥焼却灰の多孔質化を行う工程である。これによって、汚泥焼却灰のＢＥＴ比表面積が増加することとなる。具体的には、酸処理前の汚泥焼却灰のＢＥＴ比表面積が５ｍ2／ｇ程度であるのに対し、酸処理後には６．５ｍ2／ｇ以上となるように処理されることが好ましく、１０〜７０ｍ2／ｇとなるように処理することがより好ましい。なお、ＢＥＴ比表面積は、Ｎ2ガス吸着式ＢＥＴ測定装置「ＢＥＬＳＯＲＰ−ｍｉｎｉ」（日本ＢＥＬ株式会社製）を用いて測定されるものである。 The acid treatment step is a step of bringing sludge incineration ash into contact with acid, dissolving and removing acid-soluble components in the sludge incineration ash, and making the sludge incineration ash porous. Thereby, the BET specific surface area of sludge incineration ash will increase. Specifically, the BET specific surface area of the sludge incineration ash before acid treatment is about 5 m 2 / g, whereas after acid treatment, it is preferably treated to be 6.5 m 2 / g or more, It is more preferable to process so that it may become 10-70 m < 2 > / g. Incidentally, BET specific surface area, is measured using N 2 gas adsorption BET measurement device "BELSORP-mini" (manufactured by Nippon BEL, Ltd.).
前記汚泥焼却灰と接触させる酸の形態としては、酸性水溶液、酸性ガス又は酸性粉体等の形態で用いることができる。具体的には、汚泥焼却灰との接触が良好である酸性水溶液または酸性ガスを用いることが好ましい。 As the form of the acid brought into contact with the sludge incineration ash, it can be used in the form of an acidic aqueous solution, acidic gas, acidic powder or the like. Specifically, it is preferable to use an acidic aqueous solution or acidic gas that is in good contact with the sludge incineration ash.
前記酸性水溶液を用いた場合には、汚泥焼却灰を酸性水溶液に添加して混合し、浸漬することによって、汚泥焼却灰中の酸可溶性成分が溶出し、多孔質化した焼却灰処理物を得ることができる。前記酸性水溶液の酸濃度としては、０．１〜１０規定であることが好ましい。また、前記酸性水溶液としては、特に限定されるものではないが、硫酸、塩酸、硝酸等の水溶液を用いることができる。具体的には、塩酸水溶液を用いることが好ましく、市販の塩酸水溶液や金属精錬工業等から発生する廃塩酸の水溶液を用いることができる。 When the acidic aqueous solution is used, the sludge incinerated ash is added to the acidic aqueous solution, mixed, and immersed, whereby the acid-soluble component in the sludge incinerated ash is eluted to obtain a porous incinerated ash treatment product. be able to. The acid concentration of the acidic aqueous solution is preferably 0.1 to 10 N. The acidic aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or the like can be used. Specifically, a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is preferably used, and a commercially available hydrochloric acid aqueous solution or a waste hydrochloric acid aqueous solution generated from the metal refining industry or the like can be used.
また、前記酸性水溶液は、汚泥焼却灰１００重量部に対して、１００％酸換算で０．５重量部以上用いることが好ましく、また、４〜２５重量部用いることがより好ましい。添加時の酸性水溶液の温度としては、反応を促進する面から１０〜９０℃程度であることが好ましい。 The acidic aqueous solution is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 parts by weight or more in terms of 100% acid, more preferably 4 to 25 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of sludge incineration ash. The temperature of the acidic aqueous solution at the time of addition is preferably about 10 to 90 ° C. from the viewpoint of promoting the reaction.
また、前記酸として酸性ガスを用いた場合には、前記汚泥焼却灰と酸性ガスとを混合し、混練することによって、汚泥焼却灰に含まれる水分に酸性ガスが溶解し、汚泥焼却灰と酸との接触が良好に行われ、多孔質化された焼却灰処理物を効果的に得ることができる。 In addition, when an acid gas is used as the acid, the sludge incineration ash and the acid gas are mixed and kneaded to dissolve the acid gas in the water contained in the sludge incineration ash. And the incinerated ash treated product made porous can be effectively obtained.
前記酸性ガスとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、汚泥焼却灰に含まれる水分に溶解しやすい酸性ガスであればよい。具体的には、塩化水素、窒素酸化物または硫黄酸化物を含むガスや廃棄物処理工場等において発生する塩素系ガス等を用いることができる。好ましくは、水分に溶解しやすい塩化水素ガスを用いることができる。前記塩化水素ガスは、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウムまたは塩化カルシウム等の塩素系化合物と硫酸または硫酸化合物とを混合して加熱したもの等を用いることができる。 Although it does not specifically limit as said acidic gas, What is necessary is just an acidic gas which is easy to melt | dissolve in the water | moisture content contained in sludge incineration ash. Specifically, a gas containing hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxide or sulfur oxide, a chlorine-based gas generated in a waste treatment factory, or the like can be used. Preferably, hydrogen chloride gas which is easily dissolved in moisture can be used. As the hydrogen chloride gas, a gas obtained by mixing and heating a chlorine compound such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride or calcium chloride and sulfuric acid or a sulfuric acid compound can be used.
また、前記酸性ガスは、汚泥焼却灰１００重量部に対して、１００％酸換算で１重量部以上用いることが好ましく、酸性ガスを汚泥焼却灰中の水分に十分に溶解させると共に、多孔質化が良好に行われるようにするために、４〜２５重量部用いることがより好ましい。また、酸性ガスの温度としては、１０〜９０℃程度が反応を促進させる面から好ましい。 Further, the acid gas is preferably used in an amount of 1 part by weight or more in terms of 100% acid with respect to 100 parts by weight of sludge incineration ash, and the acid gas is sufficiently dissolved in the water in the sludge incineration ash and made porous. Is preferably used in an amount of 4 to 25 parts by weight. Moreover, as a temperature of acidic gas, about 10-90 degreeC is preferable from the surface which accelerates | stimulates reaction.
前記酸性ガスを用いることによって、酸処理工程後の焼却灰処理物中に多量の水分が含まれることがなく、後に行う乾燥処理を短時間で済ませることができ、多大なエネルギーを要する必要をなくすことができる。 By using the acid gas, a large amount of water is not contained in the incinerated ash treatment product after the acid treatment step, and the drying treatment to be performed later can be completed in a short time, eliminating the need for a large amount of energy. be able to.
なお、汚泥焼却灰と上記酸性水溶液又は酸性ガスとの接触時間としては、特に限定されるものではなく、汚泥焼却灰の性状に応じて任意に設定することが好ましい。例えば、０．１時間〜１０日とするのが好ましく、０．１時間〜１日とするのがより好ましい。また、接触時間を変化させることによって焼却灰処理物の細孔径分布を変化させることができる。具体的には、接触時間を長くすることにより１０ｎｍ以下、特に６ｎｍ以下の径の微細な細孔を増加させることができる。微細な細孔が増加することによって、化学物質を吸着する表面積が増加し、化学物質の吸着性能をより高めることが可能となる。 The contact time between the sludge incineration ash and the acidic aqueous solution or acid gas is not particularly limited, and is preferably set arbitrarily according to the properties of the sludge incineration ash. For example, it is preferably 0.1 hour to 10 days, and more preferably 0.1 hour to 1 day. Moreover, the pore size distribution of the incinerated ash treatment product can be changed by changing the contact time. Specifically, by increasing the contact time, fine pores having a diameter of 10 nm or less, particularly 6 nm or less can be increased. By increasing the fine pores, the surface area for adsorbing the chemical substance is increased, and the adsorption performance of the chemical substance can be further enhanced.
前記酸処理された汚泥焼却灰は、前記酸処理工程後、中和処理工程において中和剤と接触させられることが好ましい。中和処理を行うことによって、焼却灰処理物を乾燥し、貯蔵し、運搬する際の設備等に、耐酸性対策を施す必要をなくすことができる。 The acid-treated sludge incineration ash is preferably brought into contact with a neutralizing agent in the neutralization treatment step after the acid treatment step. By performing the neutralization treatment, it is possible to eliminate the need to take acid-proof measures on the equipment when the incinerated ash-treated product is dried, stored and transported.
前記中和剤としては、水酸化ナトリウム（ＮａＯＨ）、水酸化カルシウム（Ｃａ（ＯＨ）2）、消石灰、アンモニア、炭酸カルシウム（ＣａＣＯ3）を主成分とするライムストーン（石灰岩）、コーラルサンド等のアルカリ性の材料等を用いることができる。具体的には、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カルシウムを用いることが好ましい。前記中和剤の形態としては、アルカリ性水溶液、アルカリ性ガス又はアルカリ性粉体等の形態で用いることができる。また、中和剤の添加量としては、酸処理された汚泥焼却灰の酸濃度がｐＨ５．５〜９．０となるように添加することが好ましい。 Examples of the neutralizing agent include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ), slaked lime, ammonia, limestone (limestone) mainly composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), and coral sand. An alkaline material or the like can be used. Specifically, it is preferable to use sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. As a form of the neutralizing agent, it can be used in the form of an alkaline aqueous solution, an alkaline gas, an alkaline powder or the like. Moreover, as an addition amount of a neutralizing agent, it is preferable to add so that the acid concentration of the acid-treated sludge incineration ash may become pH 5.5-9.0.
また、前記中和処理後には、乾燥処理工程において乾燥処理されることが好ましい。乾燥処理を行うことによって、細孔容積及び比表面積が増加し、化学物質の吸着性を向上させることができる。乾燥処理としては、特に限定されるものではないが、回転ドラム式乾燥機、パドル式乾燥機、流動層式乾燥機、気流乾燥機、遠心薄膜式乾燥機等を用いて行うことができる。また、下水処理場において行われる汚泥の乾燥処理によっても行うことができる。乾燥温度としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば９０〜３００℃において乾燥処理されることが好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable that after the neutralization treatment, a drying treatment is performed in a drying treatment step. By performing the drying treatment, the pore volume and the specific surface area can be increased, and the adsorptivity of the chemical substance can be improved. Although it does not specifically limit as a drying process, It can carry out using a rotating drum type dryer, a paddle type dryer, a fluidized bed type dryer, an airflow dryer, a centrifugal thin film type dryer, etc. Moreover, it can carry out also by the drying process of the sludge performed in a sewage treatment plant. Although it does not restrict | limit especially as drying temperature, For example, it is preferable to dry-process in 90-300 degreeC.
上記各工程によって汚泥焼却灰は、多孔質化され、微細な細孔が増大するため、良好なカチオン捕捉性及びアニオン捕捉性を有し、また、物理的な吸着性を有する焼却灰処理物となり、廃棄物中から溶出する化学物質を吸着除去することが可能となる。 The sludge incineration ash is made porous by the above steps, and fine pores increase, so that it has a good cation scavenging property and anion scavenging property, and it becomes a treated incinerated ash product having physical adsorption properties. It becomes possible to adsorb and remove chemical substances eluted from the waste.
前記焼却灰処理物が吸着しえる化学物質としては、カチオン性物質、アニオン性物質、有機塩素化合物、栄養塩類、揮発性有機化合物（ＶＯＣ）等の物質が挙げられる。具体的には、カチオン性物質としては、クロム、アルミニウム、カルシウム（石灰）、ニッケル、銅、鉛、亜鉛、ナトリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム等の金属類や水素イオン、アンモニウムイオン等の陽イオン類に有効である。特に、鉛、クロム、カドミウム、水銀等の重金属に関して、顕著な吸着効果を有するものである。一方、アニオン性物質としては、砒素、フッ素、ホウ素、セレン、亜硝酸イオン、硝酸イオン、硫酸イオン、塩化物イオン、フッ化物イオン、リン酸イオン等の陰イオン類に有効である。 Examples of chemical substances that can be adsorbed by the incinerated ash treatment product include cationic substances, anionic substances, organic chlorine compounds, nutrient salts, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and the like. Specifically, as a cationic substance, it is effective for metals such as chromium, aluminum, calcium (lime), nickel, copper, lead, zinc, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and cations such as hydrogen ion and ammonium ion. It is. In particular, heavy metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium and mercury have a remarkable adsorption effect. On the other hand, as an anionic substance, it is effective for anions such as arsenic, fluorine, boron, selenium, nitrite ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, chloride ion, fluoride ion and phosphate ion.
焼却灰処理物を適用可能な廃棄物の形態としては、特に限定されるものではなく、都市ゴミや産業廃棄物等が所定の大きさに粉砕されたものやその燃え殻、汚泥、鉱滓、煤塵、耐火レンガ廃材等、又は、これらを焼却等することで発生する焼却灰や飛灰等、又は、これらの混合物等に適用することができる。 The form of waste to which the incinerated ash treatment product can be applied is not particularly limited, and municipal waste, industrial waste, etc. are pulverized to a predetermined size, its husk, sludge, mines, dust, It can be applied to refractory brick waste, incineration ash, fly ash, etc. generated by incinerating these, or a mixture thereof.
上記のような廃棄物の周囲に焼却灰処理物を配する方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、上記のような形態の廃棄物と焼却灰処理物とを混合する方法や廃棄物の下に焼却灰処理物を配する方法等を採用することができる。 The method of arranging the incinerated ash treatment product around the waste as described above is not particularly limited. For example, a method of mixing the waste in the above form and the incineration ash treatment product or disposal A method of arranging the incinerated ash treatment product under the product can be adopted.
具体的には、上記のような形態の廃棄物と焼却灰処理物とを混合する方法としては、廃棄物を焼却灰処理物に添加し、混練設備等（一般的には、振動ミル）を用いて焼却灰処理物中に廃棄物が均一に分散されるようにする方法を採用することが好ましい。これによって、例えば、都市ゴミ等を粉砕した破片や飛灰等の粒子など（以下、廃棄物粒子と記す）のそれぞれの周囲に焼却灰処理物が配された状態、より詳しくは、焼却灰処理物が廃棄物粒子のそれぞれと接触した状態となる。このため、かかる方法によれば、廃棄物と焼却灰処理物とが混合された状態で投棄処分等された際に、雨水等が廃棄物（具体的には、廃棄物粒子）に接触して溶出した化学物質を焼却灰処理物が迅速に吸着するため、環境中に化学物質が溶出するのを抑制することができる。なお、上記のように廃棄物と焼却灰処理物とが混合されたものを、セメント等を用いてさらに固化処理してもよく、又は、焼却灰処理物をセメントとプレミックスしたものと廃棄物とを混合してさらに固化処理してもよい。 Specifically, as a method of mixing the waste in the above form and the incinerated ash treatment product, the waste is added to the incineration ash treatment product, and kneading equipment (generally, a vibration mill) is added. It is preferable to employ a method in which the waste is uniformly dispersed in the incinerated ash treatment product. As a result, for example, incinerated ash treatment products are arranged around each of debris and fly ash particles (hereinafter referred to as waste particles) obtained by pulverizing municipal waste, and more specifically, incineration ash treatment. The object comes into contact with each of the waste particles. For this reason, according to this method, when the waste and the incinerated ash treatment product are dumped in a mixed state, rainwater or the like comes into contact with the waste (specifically, waste particles). Since the incinerated ash treatment product quickly adsorbs the eluted chemical substance, the chemical substance can be prevented from being eluted into the environment. In addition, the mixture of waste and incinerated ash treated product as described above may be further solidified using cement or the like, or the incinerated ash treated product premixed with cement and waste And may be further solidified.
また、他の方法としては、所定の溶液中で廃棄物と焼却灰処理物とを混合する方法を採用することもできる。例えば、酸性溶液中に上記のような形態の廃棄物と焼却灰処理物とを分散させると共に、所定時間混合する方法を採用することができる。これによって、廃棄物粒子の周囲に焼却灰処理物が所定の溶液（酸性溶液）を介して配された状態となる。このため、かかる方法によれば、廃棄物から化学物質が酸性溶液中に溶出すると共に、溶出した化学物質が焼却灰処理物に吸着されるため、廃棄物の全体から化学物質を溶出させて除去することができると共に、溶出した化学物質を効果的に焼却灰処理物に吸着させることができる。このため、廃棄物及び焼却灰処理物を酸性溶液から分離した際に、化学物質がムラなく除去された廃棄物と化学物質を固定した焼却灰処理物とからなる無害化物を得ることができ、後に投棄処分したり、セメント等の材料として利用したりすることが容易になる。 In addition, as another method, a method of mixing waste and incinerated ash-treated product in a predetermined solution can be employed. For example, it is possible to adopt a method in which the waste in the form as described above and the incinerated ash-treated product are dispersed in an acidic solution and mixed for a predetermined time. As a result, the incinerated ash-treated product is disposed around the waste particles via a predetermined solution (acidic solution). For this reason, according to this method, chemical substances are eluted from the waste into the acidic solution, and the eluted chemical substances are adsorbed by the incinerated ash treatment product, so that the chemical substances are eluted and removed from the entire waste. In addition, the eluted chemical substance can be effectively adsorbed on the incinerated ash treatment product. For this reason, when separating waste and incinerated ash-treated product from the acidic solution, it is possible to obtain a detoxified product consisting of waste from which chemical substances have been removed evenly and incinerated ash-treated product to which chemical substances are fixed, It becomes easy to dispose of it later or to use it as a material such as cement.
また、廃棄物の下に焼却灰処理物を配する方法としては、例えば、廃棄物を投棄処分する敷地に焼却灰処理物を敷き詰めて焼却灰処理物層を形成した後、該焼却灰処理物の上に廃棄物を敷き詰める方法を採用することができる。これによって、廃棄物全体の下方に焼却灰処理物が配された状態となるため、雨水等によって廃棄物の全体から溶出する化学物質が焼却灰処理物層に吸着され、土壌中に溶出するのを防止することができる。また、廃棄物と焼却灰処理物とを混合する必要がないため、作業時間とコストを削減することができる。 In addition, as a method of arranging the incinerated ash treatment product under the waste, for example, after the incineration ash treatment product is formed on the site where the waste is dumped and disposed, the incineration ash treatment product layer is formed. It is possible to adopt a method of laying waste on the top. As a result, the incinerated ash treatment product is arranged below the entire waste, so that chemical substances eluted from the entire waste by rainwater etc. are adsorbed on the incineration ash treatment product layer and eluted into the soil. Can be prevented. In addition, since it is not necessary to mix waste and incinerated ash, the working time and cost can be reduced.
以上のように、本発明にかかる廃棄物の処理方法は、汚泥焼却灰を酸によって処理し、化学物質を含有する廃棄物の周囲に配することで、廃棄物からの化学物質の溶出を容易に抑制することができると共に、汚泥焼却灰の再資源化を図ることができる。 As described above, the waste processing method according to the present invention facilitates the elution of chemical substances from waste by treating sludge incineration ash with acid and arranging it around waste containing chemical substances. In addition, the sludge incineration ash can be recycled.
即ち、前記廃棄物の処理方法は、汚泥焼却灰と酸とが接触して形成された微細な細孔を有する焼却灰処理物が、化学物質を含有する廃棄物の周囲に配されることによって、雨水等が廃棄物に接触することで溶出する化学物質が前記細孔に吸着されるため、環境中への化学物質の溶出を容易に抑制することができる。これにより、汚泥焼却灰を廃棄物の処理に利用することができ、再資源化を図ることができる。 That is, the waste treatment method is such that the incineration ash treatment product having fine pores formed by contact between sludge incineration ash and acid is disposed around the waste containing chemical substances. Since chemical substances eluted when rainwater or the like comes into contact with waste are adsorbed by the pores, the elution of chemical substances into the environment can be easily suppressed. Thereby, sludge incineration ash can be utilized for processing of a waste, and recycling can be aimed at.
なお、本発明に係わる廃棄物の処理方法は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。 The waste disposal method according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
例えば、上記実施形態では、酸処理工程後の工程として、中和処理工程と乾燥処理工程とが実施されるが、これに限定されるものではなく、焼却灰処理物が廃棄物の周囲に配した際に、化学物質を吸着する作用に影響が出ないのであれば、任意に他の処理工程を加えてもよい。例えば、酸処理工程後に粉砕処理工程を加えてもよい。これにより、後の中和処理及び乾燥処理を迅速に行うことができ、また、焼却灰処理物を廃棄物中に均一に分散しやすくすることができる。また、前記酸処理工程後の各工程は、任意にその順番を変更して実施してもよい。 For example, in the above embodiment, the neutralization treatment step and the drying treatment step are performed as steps after the acid treatment step. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the incinerated ash treatment product is disposed around the waste. However, if there is no effect on the action of adsorbing chemical substances, other processing steps may be optionally added. For example, a pulverization treatment step may be added after the acid treatment step. Thereby, the subsequent neutralization treatment and drying treatment can be performed quickly, and the incinerated ash treated product can be easily dispersed uniformly in the waste. Moreover, you may implement each process after the said acid treatment process, changing the order arbitrarily.
以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。 Examples of the present invention will be described below.
１．焼却灰処理物の調製
（１）汚泥焼却灰
汚泥焼却灰として、高分子凝集材を添加後脱水した汚泥を流動床型焼却炉にて焼却した粉体を用いた。前記粉体は、下記表１に示すそれぞれの組成を含み、ＢＥＴ比表面積が５．５ｍ2／ｇとなるものである。
1. Preparation of incinerated ash treated product (1) Sludge incinerated ash As sludge incinerated ash, a powder obtained by incinerating sludge dehydrated after adding polymer agglomerate in a fluidized bed incinerator was used. The powder includes the respective compositions shown in Table 1 below, and has a BET specific surface area of 5.5 m 2 / g.
（２）酸処理
前記粉体（汚泥焼却灰）５０ｇを攪拌容器に入れ、これに１規定の塩酸水溶液を５０ｍｌ添加し、練りさじで約１分間混練した後、２０℃の恒温室に２時間、浸漬状態で静置して酸処理を行った。
（３）中和処理
前記酸処理した粉体を含む浸漬物が、ｐＨ８．０〜８．５程度となるように、中和剤水酸化カルシウム（Ｃａ（ＯＨ）2）粉末（特級試薬）を添加し、中和処理を行った。
（４）乾燥処理
前記中和処理した汚泥焼却灰を含む浸漬物を１１０℃の乾燥機に入れて１８時間保持し、乾燥させて焼却灰処理物を得た。
(2) Acid treatment 50 g of the powder (sludge incineration ash) is put in a stirring vessel, 50 ml of 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is added thereto, and the mixture is kneaded for about 1 minute with a kneading spoon and then kept in a constant temperature room at 20 ° C. for 2 hours Then, it was left standing in the dipped state and subjected to acid treatment.
(3) Neutralization treatment Neutralizing agent calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) powder (special grade reagent) is used so that the immersion product containing the acid-treated powder has a pH of about 8.0 to 8.5. Added and neutralized.
(4) Drying treatment The immersion material containing the neutralized sludge incinerated ash was placed in a dryer at 110 ° C. and held for 18 hours, and dried to obtain an incinerated ash treatment product.
２．比較例及び実施例
（１）比較例
＜試験体＞
廃棄物として、都市ゴミを焼却した際に生じる飛灰を試験体として用いた。
＜試験方法＞
上記試験体について、環境庁告示第１３号の試験方法による鉛の溶出試験を行った。
2. Comparative Example and Example (1) Comparative Example <Specimen>
As waste, fly ash produced when municipal waste was incinerated was used as a test specimen.
<Test method>
About the said test body, the elution test of the lead by the test method of Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 was done.
（２）実施例１
＜試験体の作製＞
上記比較例で用いた飛灰１００重量部に対して水４０重量部、焼却灰処理物５重量部を添加して混練し、試験体を作製した。そして、比較例と同条件で鉛の溶出試験を行って溶出量について評価を行った。
(2) Example 1
<Preparation of specimen>
40 parts by weight of water and 5 parts by weight of the incinerated ash-treated product were added to and kneaded with 100 parts by weight of the fly ash used in the comparative example to prepare a test specimen. And the elution test of lead was performed on the same conditions as a comparative example, and the elution amount was evaluated.
（３）実施例２
＜試験体の作製＞
上記比較例で用いた飛灰１００重量部に対して水４０重量部、焼却灰処理物５重量部、高炉Ｂ種セメント１０重量部添加して混練することで固化処理を行い、試験体を作製した。そして、比較例と同条件で鉛の溶出試験を行って溶出量について評価を行った。
(3) Example 2
<Preparation of specimen>
A test specimen was prepared by adding 40 parts by weight of water, 5 parts by weight of incinerated ash treated product, and 10 parts by weight of blast furnace B-type cement and kneading them with 100 parts by weight of fly ash used in the above comparative example did. And the elution test of lead was performed on the same conditions as a comparative example, and the elution amount was evaluated.
３．試験結果
４．まとめ
比較例と実施例１とを比較すると、焼却灰処理物を添加した実施例１の方が溶出液中の鉛濃度が著しく低い値となっており、焼却灰処理物を飛灰と混合することで、飛灰から溶出した鉛が焼却灰処理物に吸着され、外部への溶出が抑制されることが認められる。
4). Summary When comparing the comparative example with Example 1, the lead concentration in the eluate is significantly lower in Example 1 where the incinerated ash treatment product is added, and the incineration ash treatment product is mixed with fly ash. Thus, it is recognized that lead eluted from the fly ash is adsorbed by the incinerated ash treatment product, and elution to the outside is suppressed.
また、実施例１において、試験体作製後１日目と７日目との結果を比較すると、両方の日にちにおいて、比較例よりも低い値となっており、経過日時の違いによって吸着性能に差が生じないことが認められる。 Moreover, in Example 1, when comparing the results of the first day and the seventh day after the preparation of the test specimen, the values are lower than those of the comparative example on both days, and the difference in the adsorption performance due to the difference in the elapsed date and time. It is recognized that does not occur.
また、比較例と実施例２とを比較すると、実施例２は、実施例１と同様に、比較例より溶出液中の鉛濃度が著しく低い値となっており、焼却灰処理物と飛灰と混合し、さらに、セメントによって固化処理した場合であっても、飛灰から溶出した鉛が焼却灰処理物に吸着され、外部への溶出が抑制されることが認められる。また、実施例２において、試験体作製後１日目と７日目との結果を比較すると、実施例１と同様の結果となり、経過日時の違いによって吸着性能に差が生じないことが認められる。 Further, comparing the comparative example with the example 2, the example 2 has a remarkably lower lead concentration in the eluate than the comparative example, as in the case of the example 1. In addition, even when solidified with cement, lead eluted from the fly ash is adsorbed by the incinerated ash treated product, and elution to the outside is suppressed. Moreover, in Example 2, when the results on the first day and the seventh day after the preparation of the test specimen are compared, the same result as in Example 1 is obtained, and it is recognized that there is no difference in the adsorption performance due to the difference in elapsed date and time. .
また、実施例１及び２の試験結果は、溶出基準値よりも低い値となっており、比較例で用いたような高濃度の鉛を含有する飛灰（試験体）であっても、焼却灰処理物と混合されることで、溶出液中の鉛濃度を溶出基準値よりも低い値にし得ることが認められる。 In addition, the test results of Examples 1 and 2 are lower than the elution reference value, and even fly ash (test body) containing high concentration lead as used in the comparative example is incinerated. It is recognized that the lead concentration in the eluate can be made lower than the elution standard value by mixing with the ash treatment product.
以上より、本発明に係る廃棄物の処理方法によれば、酸によって処理された汚泥焼却灰（焼却灰処理物）を飛灰（廃棄物）と混合することにより（廃棄物の周囲に配することにより）、飛灰が雨水等と接触することで溶出する化学物質が焼却灰処理物に吸着されるため、環境中への化学物質の溶出を抑制することができる。また、汚泥焼却灰を廃棄物の処理に利用することができ、再資源化を図ることができる。 As described above, according to the waste treatment method of the present invention, sludge incineration ash (incineration ash treatment product) treated with acid is mixed with fly ash (waste product) (distributed around the waste product). Therefore, the chemical substance eluted when the fly ash comes into contact with rainwater or the like is adsorbed by the incinerated ash treatment product, so that the elution of the chemical substance into the environment can be suppressed. In addition, sludge incineration ash can be used for the treatment of waste and can be recycled.
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