JP2010218948A - Dye-sensitized solar cell - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simple configuration of dye-sensitized solar cells which are formed on a translucent substrate and are connected in series. <P>SOLUTION: The dye-sensitized solar cell 100 includes: a first base which is equipped with a translucency conductive layer formed on the surface of each section of the translucent substrate, the translucent substrate being divided into the plurality of sections, and which is equipped with a semiconductor electrode having a sensitizing dye provided on the translucency conductive layer; a second body which opposes the first base and has a catalyst electrode for each section thereof; electrolyte which is filled up in cell spaces formed for each section, between the first base and the second base; a positive electrode-side collector electrode which is provided on the second base and is electrically connected with the catalyst electrode of the second base; and a negative electrode-side collector electrode which is electrically connected with the translucency conductive layer of the first base via a solder ball serving as an inter-connector. A solar cell is formed for each section, a positive electrode-side collector electrode and a negative electrode-side collector electrode are connected, and at least two of the solar cells are connected in series. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell that converts light energy into electrical energy.

  At present, in solar power generation, solar cells using single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer) combined with these have been put into practical use and widely used. This silicon solar cell is known to have a photoelectric conversion efficiency close to 20%. However, the energy cost for raw material production is high, there are many problems in terms of environmental impact, and there are limitations in price and material supply.

  In contrast, a dye-sensitized solar cell proposed by Gratzel et al. Has attracted attention as a solar cell having a simple structure (for example, Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1). The basic structure of such a dye-sensitized solar cell is that a porous semiconductor electrode (for example, a titania porous electrode) carrying a sensitizing dye, a catalyst electrode as a counter electrode, and an electrolysis interposed therebetween. Since it is composed of a liquid (for example, an iodine solution) and does not use a silicon semiconductor, it is expected as a low-cost solar cell.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell, a current collector that collects electricity by energizing a semiconductor electrode provided on a light-transmitting substrate such as a glass substrate is required. As such a current collector, it is conceivable to use a translucent conductive layer (transparent electrode), but it is not always easy to reduce the resistance of the translucent conductive layer. In addition, as in other types of solar cells, a configuration in which a current collector using a metal such as silver is provided on a translucent substrate has been proposed. Since the liquid was used, a corrosion protection layer had to be formed to protect the current collector from corrosion by the electrolyte. Since the formation of the anticorrosion layer results in a reduction in the area for forming the power generation element that performs photoelectric conversion, the power generation efficiency per substrate cannot be increased.

  Therefore, in order to efficiently collect current from the semiconductor electrode and to secure a sufficient area for forming the power generation element, a conductive relay connection body is formed in the thickness direction of the dye-sensitized solar cell, A configuration has been proposed in which power is taken out to the counter electrode substrate side of the solar cell by connecting to a semiconductor electrode (see Patent Document 2 below).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220380 JP 2008-210748 A

Nature (Vol. 353, pp, 730-740, 1991)

  However, such a dye-sensitized solar cell has a power generation voltage as low as about 0.7 volts, and in order to obtain a desired voltage, a configuration in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in series had to be adopted. . For this reason, there existed a problem that a new circuit was required for the connection between solar cells, or the installation area of a solar cell was caused to increase.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell having a high output voltage.

  In order to solve at least a part of the problems described above, the present invention can take the following forms or application examples.

[Application Example 1]
A dye-sensitized solar cell,
The translucent substrate is divided into a plurality of regions, and for each of the segments, the translucent conductive layer provided on the surface of the translucent substrate and the sensitizing dye provided on the surface of the translucent conductive layer A first substrate comprising a semiconductor electrode having
A second substrate facing the first substrate and having a catalyst electrode for each section;
An electrolyte filled between cell spaces formed for each of the sections between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A positive electrode-side collector electrode provided on the second substrate side and electrically connected to the catalyst electrode of the second substrate, and electrically via the translucent conductive layer and the interconnector of the first substrate. Connected to the negative electrode side collector electrode, for each of the sections, forming a solar cell,
A dye-sensitized solar cell in which the positive electrode side collector electrode and the negative electrode side collector electrode are connected and at least a part of at least a part of the solar cells is connected in series.

  In such a dye-sensitized solar cell, the solar cells formed for each section are connected in series by connecting the positive electrode side collector electrode and the negative electrode side collector electrode. A voltage that is an integral multiple of can be output.

[Application Example 2]
The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1,
The interconnectors are two-dimensionally arranged at a predetermined pitch with respect to the translucent substrate, and the sections are arranged so as to include a predetermined number of the interconnectors by providing insulating portions and spacers between the interconnectors. A dye-sensitized solar cell, which forms a plurality of the solar cells in one substrate.
In such a dye-sensitized solar cell, since a plurality of interconnectors are included in one section, a sufficient conductive path for taking out the electric power generated by the solar cells can be secured by the plurality of interconnectors.

[Application Example 3]
The dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 3, wherein the positive electrode side collector electrode and the negative electrode side collector electrode are connected in series using a bridge portion.
In order to connect the solar cells in series, the positive electrode side collector electrode and the negative electrode side collector electrode are connected. However, if the connection is made using a bridge portion, the occupation area can be reduced and a reliable connection can be realized. .

[Application Example 4]
A first conductive layer, an insulating layer, and a second conductive layer are provided on the second base from the catalyst electrode side,
A predetermined closed region including a portion in contact with the interconnector in the first conductive layer is insulated from other portions of the first conductive layer, and is connected to the second conductive layer to form the negative electrode As a side collector,
Of the first conductive layer, a portion connected to the catalyst electrode is the positive electrode side collector electrode,
The positive electrode side collector electrode and the negative electrode side collector electrode are electrically separated for each region corresponding to the solar battery cell,
The dye enhancement according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 5, wherein the positive electrode side collector electrode of the solar cells connected in series is connected to the negative electrode side collector electrode of the other solar cells connected in series. Sensitive solar cell.
Such a dye-sensitized solar cell has a simple structure and can be easily connected in series.

[Application Example 5]
The dye-sensitized solar cell according to Application Example 2, wherein the light-transmitting conductive layer on the light-transmitting substrate is divided into strip-shaped regions by arranging the insulating layers in parallel at predetermined intervals.
In this case, it is easy to adjust the area of the region divided by the insulating layer. In addition, if the insulating layer is arranged on a straight line, the ratio of the insulating layer to the total area of the dye-sensitized solar cell can be made relatively small, contributing to power generation with respect to the area of the dye-sensitized solar cell. Can contribute to securing the area to be used.

[Application Example 6]
The dye-sensitized solar cell according to application example 2, in which the light-transmitting conductive layer on the light-transmitting substrate is divided into quadrangular regions by arranging the insulating layers in a lattice pattern at predetermined intervals.
In such a dye-sensitized solar cell, since the number of sections that can be formed increases with respect to the length of the insulating layer, it is possible to contribute to securing an area that contributes to power generation with respect to the number of sections that are formed. When the shape of the dye-sensitized solar cell is rectangular or square, if the insulating layer is provided vertically and horizontally and following the outer shape of the dye-sensitized solar cell, the area of the insulating layer relative to the number of sections to be formed can be minimized. Can be.

  Note that the present invention can be realized in various modes. For example, it can be realized in the form of a photovoltaic method, a photovoltaic device, a photovoltaic system, and the like.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the basic composition of the photovoltaic cell 90 which comprises the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 in 1st Example. It is a disassembled perspective view which illustrates the structure of a photovoltaic cell. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of 1st Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the mode of the division | segmentation of the area | region of the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of 1st Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows an equivalent circuit when two photovoltaic cells are connected in series. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the structure of the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 divided into five areas. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the structure of the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 by which the area | region was divided into the grid | lattice form.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples. The basic structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell 100 as one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of the example includes a plurality of solar cells 90, 91. It consists of ... In FIG. 1, the basic structure which expands one part and contributes to the electric power generation of a dye-sensitized solar cell is demonstrated.

  The dye-sensitized solar cell 100 according to the example has a structure in which the first base 10 and the second base 30 are opposed to each other in substantially parallel with a spacer 45 interposed therebetween. A cell space 41 is formed between the first base 10 and the second base 30, and the cell space 41 is filled with an electrolytic solution 43.

  The first base 10 is a laminated substrate including a translucent substrate 11 located on the outermost surface, a translucent conductive layer 12 formed on the inner side, and a semiconductor electrode 13 formed further on the inner side. The translucent substrate 11 is disposed on the outermost surface in the first base 10, and irradiation light such as sunlight for power generation is irradiated from the translucent substrate 11 side. The translucent conductive layer 12 is formed on the inner side of the translucent substrate 11, that is, on the side facing the second base 30. The translucent conductive layer 12 is for taking out the generated electric power, and is formed so as to divide the entire surface of the translucent substrate 11 in this embodiment. The formation location of the translucent conductive layer 12 will be described later. On this translucent conductive layer 12, a semiconductor electrode 13 containing a sensitizing dye is provided. The semiconductor electrode 13 is formed over almost the entire region of the translucent conductive layer 12 except for the location where an interconnector and a spacer to be described later are installed. The semiconductor electrode 13 is disposed so as to face the cell space 41, is in contact with the electrolytic solution 43 filled in the cell space 41, and together with the catalyst electrode 31 of the second substrate 30 that is also in contact with the electrolytic solution 43, directly to the power generation. concern. The semiconductor electrode 13 functions as a negative electrode, and the catalyst electrode 31 described later functions as a positive electrode.

  In addition to the catalyst electrode 31, the second substrate 30 includes a current collecting conductor 32, a first insulating layer 33, a first conductive layer 34, a second insulating layer 35, and a second conductive layer 36, which are stacked in this order. Provided with a laminated structure. Below the catalyst electrode 31 in contact with the electrolytic solution 43 in the cell space 41, there is a current collecting conductor 32, and the electric power generated in the solar battery cell 90 passes from the catalyst electrode 31 via the current collecting conductor 32. To be taken out. The flow of electricity will be described in detail later. A protective insulating substrate 39 is provided on the outermost layer of the second base 30.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of this example, interconnectors are provided at predetermined intervals. In this embodiment, a solder ball 15 is used as an interconnector. The solder ball 15 has a height obtained by adding the thickness of the first insulating layer 33 to the height of the cell space 41. The solder ball 15 is heated and melted in the manufacturing process, so that the light-transmitting conductive layer 12 and the first conductive layer 12 are formed. The first conductive layer 34 is bonded to the first conductive layer 34. On the outer periphery of the solder ball 15, a protective portion 17 having insulating properties is disposed, and the solder ball 15 is separated from the electrolytic solution 43 having corrosive properties. The manner of arrangement of the solder balls 15 and the protection part 17 is illustrated in FIG.

  A plurality of interconnectors using the solder balls 15 are usually provided at predetermined pitches in the vertical and horizontal directions as illustrated in FIG. The catalyst electrode 31, the current collecting conductor 32, and the first insulating layer 33 are removed from the portion where the interconnector exists. Further, for the first conductive layer 34, a third insulating portion 53 is provided around the place where the solder ball 15 is connected. As shown in FIG. 2, the third insulating portion 53 is used to insulate the connecting portion 52 of the first conductive layer 34 to which the solder ball 15 is melted and connected from other portions of the first conductive layer 34. Is provided. In addition, a bridge portion 47 is provided immediately below the connection portion 52, and the connection portion 52 is connected to the second conductive layer 36. In this embodiment, the bridge portion 47 is formed by a via hole.

  As a result of having the above configuration, as shown in FIG. 1, the catalyst electrode 31 serving as the positive electrode is connected to the first conductive layer 34 via the current collecting conductor 32. On the other hand, the semiconductor electrode 13 serving as a negative electrode is connected to the second conductive layer 36 via the translucent conductive layer 12 -the solder ball 15 -the connection portion 52 -the bridge portion 47. The electric power generated by the solar battery cell 90 is finally taken out from the first conductive layer 34 and the second conductive layer 36. Therefore, the configurations of the conductive paths are referred to as a positive electrode side collector electrode 37 and a negative electrode side collector electrode 38, respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, the first conductive layer 34 of the positive electrode side collector electrode 37 and the second conductive layer 36 of the negative electrode side collector electrode 38 are connected between the solar cells 90, 91. This is to connect a plurality of solar cells 90, 91. Then, next, the connection structure of the several photovoltaic cell 90,91 ... in the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of a present Example is demonstrated.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of two solar cells 90 and 91 in the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of the present embodiment. The actual dye-sensitized solar cell 100 is larger in the lateral direction, and as shown in FIG. 4, about 10 solar cells 90, 91... Are arranged, and the structure shown in FIG. It has been repeated. As shown in the figure, a spacer 45 is provided between adjacent solar cells 90 and 91. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the spacer 45 is provided over the length direction (FIG. 2, Y direction) of the dye-sensitized solar cell 100. As shown in FIG. 4, the spacer 45 separates the electrolytic solution, and the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 is divided into a plurality of solar cells. In addition to the arrangement of the spacer 45, the translucent conductive layer 12 is also separated in the length direction by the insulating portion 62. In order to form the insulating portion 62 in the translucent conductive layer 12, the translucent conductive layer 12 is once formed on the entire surface of the translucent substrate 11, and then the translucent conductive layer is removed by a laser or the like. Or when forming the translucent conductive layer 12 by screen printing etc., what is necessary is just to match the pattern on a screen with the shape of each photovoltaic cell from the beginning. In short, it is only necessary that the electrical connection between the adjacent solar cells is disconnected in the members (including the electrolytic solution 43) constituting the cell space.

  The solar battery cell 90 is separated by the spacer 45, but the positive electrode side collector electrode 37 and the negative electrode side collector electrode 38 of the second substrate 30 are connected almost directly below the spacer 45. Actually, a serial connection 65 is provided here. A fourth insulating part 54 and a fifth insulating part 55 are provided on both sides of the series connection part 65 at asymmetric positions. Specifically, the fourth insulating portion 54 is provided on the first conductive layer 34 on one side of the series connection portion 65 (in FIG. 3, the solar cell 91 side), and the fifth insulating portion 55 is connected in series. It is provided on the second conductive layer 36 on the other side of the connecting portion 65 (the solar cell 90 side in FIG. 3). Both the insulating portions 54 and 55 are provided over the entire length in the length direction of the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 (FIG. 2, Y direction). In FIG. 3, from the viewpoint of the symmetry of the structure, the series connection portion 65 is provided directly below the insulating portion 62, but the series connection portion 65 is a current collecting conductor of the two solar cells 90 and 91. As long as the fourth insulating portion 54 can be provided in the first conductive layer 34 connected to 32 and the two can be electrically separated, the solar cell 90 on the left side can be provided at any position. However, it is also possible to dispose it on the right solar cell 91 side. In any case, the fifth insulating portion 55 is located on the side opposite to the fourth insulating portion 54 when viewed from the series connection portion 65, and similarly electrically separates the two solar cells 90.

  As a result of adopting such a configuration, as shown by a solid line J1 with an arrow in FIG. 3, one solar cell 90 (the solar cell 90 located on the left side in FIG. 3) is a catalyst electrode serving as the positive electrode. 31 is connected to the second conductive layer 36 from the first conductive layer 34 via the serial connection portion 65, and the circuit is connected to the semiconductor electrode 13 that becomes the negative electrode via the solder ball 15 of the adjacent solar battery cell 91. It is connected. As a result, when power is generated by light in the two solar cells 90 and 91, the current flows along the solid line J <b> 1, and the positive electrode side collector electrode 37 and the negative electrode side at both ends of the dye-sensitized solar cell 100. A voltage V in which a plurality of solar cells 90 are connected in series is applied to a load connected between the collector electrodes 38.

  FIG. 5 shows an equivalent state in which two solar cells 90 and 91 are connected in series. As shown in the figure, the two solar cells 90 and 91 are connected in series, and the output voltage is twice the output voltage V0 (usually 0.7 volts) of one solar cell. In the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of the example, as shown in FIG. 4, ten rows of solar cells 90, 91... Are formed in the width direction, and thus the dye-sensitized solar cell 100. The overall output voltage is 0.7 × 10 = 7 volts. Of course, if a large-sized dye-sensitized solar cell is manufactured and a large number of solar cells are formed with the same configuration, the overall output voltage can be further increased.

  Further, even if the basic configuration as the dye-sensitized solar cell, for example, the basic configuration of the first base 10 or the second base 30 and the arrangement position of the interconnector are the same, the spacer 45, the insulating portion 62, the series connection portion The dye-sensitized solar cell 100 with various output voltages and currents can be configured only by changing the positions of the 65 and the fourth and fifth insulating portions 54 and 55. For example, if the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 is divided for every two interconnectors as shown in FIG. 6, the current capacity is twice that of the dye-sensitized solar cell shown in FIG. The output voltage is halved.

  The division of the dye-sensitized solar cell is not necessarily limited to one direction shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, and may be performed vertically and horizontally as illustrated in FIG. In this case, the series connection may be performed only in one direction, but the series connection may be performed in a meandering manner as indicated by a solid line J2 in FIG. In the latter case, a large number of solar cells can be easily connected in series without adding a new circuit.

  In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 7, only four spacers 45 for separating the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 into nine solar cells are required. This is extremely less than the division shown in FIG. Therefore, according to the vertical and horizontal divisions shown in FIG. 7, the installation area of an insulator or the like that does not contribute to power generation can be reduced, and the power generation efficiency can be increased accordingly. The insulator may be arranged in the form of a grid in the vertical and horizontal orthogonal positions, but may be arranged so as to cross obliquely. Further, the division of the region using the spacer 45 or the like need not be limited to a straight line, and may be performed by a curve or a combination of a curve and a straight line.

  In general, since the electromotive force of a solar cell is proportional to the area of the solar cell if light is uniformly irradiated, the area of each solar cell is almost the same from the point of securing the capacity of the entire battery. It is better to keep them the same. Of course, in a specific case such as when the amount of light irradiation is not uniform, the solar cells may be divided so that the areas of the solar cells are different.

  Specific materials and the like will be described for each member constituting the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of this example. Since the light-transmitting substrate 11 receives light through the light-transmitting substrate 11 when the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 is used, the light-transmitting substrate 11 has a light-transmitting property such as glass, a light-transmitting crystal, or a resin sheet. Materials can be used. It is desirable that the transmissivity, which is the ratio of transmitted light to incident light, be as high as possible. When a resin sheet is used as the light-transmitting substrate 11, various thermoplastic resins such as polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate, polysulfone, and polyethylidene norbornene such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate can be used. In the above embodiment, a glass substrate was used.

  The translucent conductive layer 12 is not particularly limited as long as it has translucency and conductivity. Examples of the translucent conductive layer 12 include a thin film made of a conductive oxide, a carbon thin film, and the like. As the conductive oxide, indium oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or the like can be used. In the above examples, FTO was used.

  For example, a semiconductor electrode 13 having a structure in which a sensitizing dye is attached to a porous electrode substrate can be used. The porous electrode substrate can be formed of a metal oxide, a metal sulfide or the like. As the metal oxide, titania, tin oxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide such as niobium pentoxide, tantalum oxide, zirconia, or the like can be used. A composite oxide such as strontium titanate, calcium titanate, and barium titanate can also be used. Furthermore, zinc sulfide, lead sulfide, bismuth sulfide, or the like can be used as the metal sulfide. In the above example, titania was used.

  The method for forming the porous electrode substrate is not particularly limited. For example, a paste containing semiconductor fine particles such as metal oxide and metal sulfide is applied to the surface of a light-transmitting substrate and the like, and the unfired porous electrode substrate is formed. Can be formed by firing. The method for applying the paste is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a screen printing method, a doctor blade method, a squeegee method, and a spin coating method. The semiconductor electrode substrate thus formed has a form of an aggregate formed by aggregating semiconductor fine particles.

  The sensitizing dye used for the semiconductor electrode 13 plays a role of improving the photoelectric conversion action, and specifically, a complex dye and an organic dye that improve the photoelectric conversion action can be used. Examples of complex dyes include metal complex dyes, and examples of organic dyes include polymethine dyes and merocyanine dyes. Examples of the metal complex dye include a ruthenium complex dye and an osmium complex dye, and a ruthenium complex dye is particularly preferable. Furthermore, in order to expand the wavelength range in which photoelectric conversion is performed and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, two or more sensitizing dyes having different wavelength ranges in which a sensitizing action is exhibited can be used in combination. It is preferable to set the type of sensitizing dye to be used in combination and the amount ratio thereof depending on the wavelength range of light and the intensity distribution. The sensitizing dye preferably has a functional group for bonding to the semiconductor electrode. As this functional group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a cyano group, or the like can be used. In the examples described above, a ruthenium complex dye was used.

  The catalyst electrode 31 can be formed of a substance having catalytic activity. Examples of the substance having catalytic activity include noble metals such as platinum, gold, and rhodium. Carbon black etc. are mentioned as things other than a noble metal. Any of the substances listed here has suitable conductivity. The catalyst electrode made of a substance having catalytic activity can also be formed by applying a paste containing fine particles of a substance having catalytic activity.

  In addition, as the catalyst electrode 31, a carbon-containing catalyst sheet made of a porous resin sheet and catalytic carbon having a catalytic action held on the porous resin sheet can be used. The resin is not particularly limited, and may be a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin. As the thermoplastic resin, various synthetic resins such as a fluororesin, a polyester resin, and a polyamide resin can be used. Examples of the fluororesin include tetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer, and polyvinylidene fluoride. Examples of the polyester resin include polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate. Examples of the polyamide resin include polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 12, and the like. Moreover, as a thermosetting resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a polyimide resin, a polyurethane resin, etc. can be used. Of these resins, a fluororesin having high durability is preferable.

  The catalyst carbon is not particularly limited as long as it has both catalytic action and conductivity. Activated carbon is often used as the catalyst carbon. The activated carbon is not particularly limited, and various activated carbons can be used. As the activated carbon, for example, wood materials such as coconut shells and sawdust, and organic materials containing many carbons such as lignite, peat, resin, and petroleum pitch are subjected to normal activation treatment using zinc chloride, phosphoric acid, and the like. What was manufactured by methods, such as giving and then dry-distilling, can be used. As this activated carbon, the high-purity thing manufactured using resin as a raw material is preferable. Although this raw material resin is not specifically limited, Thermosetting resins, such as a phenol resin with which manufacture of activated carbon is easy, are preferable. In the embodiment described above, the catalyst electrode 31 used was a porous resin sheet carrying platinum.

  As the current collecting conductor 32, a conductive paste can be used. Specifically, a current collector conductor 32 is formed by applying a paste made of conductive carbon and resin and drying the paste. The resin to be used is not particularly limited, and may be a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin. As the thermosetting resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, or the like can be used. As the thermoplastic resin, various synthetic resins such as a fluororesin, a polyester resin, and a polyamide resin can be used. Examples of the fluororesin include tetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer, and polyvinylidene fluoride. As the polyester resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, or the like can be used. As the polyamide resin, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 12 or the like can be used.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as conductive carbon, Various conductive carbon can be used. Examples of the conductive carbon include various carbon blacks such as graphite, ketjen black, furnace black, and acetylene black, and carbon nanotubes. As the conductive carbon, it is preferable to use carbon having higher conductivity. Examples of the highly conductive carbon include graphite, ketjen black and carbon nanotubes, and particularly inexpensive and highly conductive graphite. preferable. In the embodiment described above, graphite was used.

  In addition to conductive carbon, various conductive materials can be contained. As other conductive substances, metals, conductive oxides, conductive polymers, and the like can be used. Examples of the metal include silver, platinum, rhodium, copper, aluminum, nickel, and chromium. Examples of the conductive oxide include a conductive oxide used for forming the translucent conductive layer 12. Examples of the conductive polymer include polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polyacetylene.

  As the 1st insulating layer 33 and the 2nd insulating layer 35, as what has translucency, the board | substrate which consists of glass, a quartz substrate, a resin sheet, etc. can be used. If the translucent substrate 11 and the first and second insulating layers 33 and 35 are made of a resin sheet, a light-weight and flexible dye-sensitized solar cell can be obtained. The material of the resin sheet (resin film) is not particularly limited, but is preferably made of a resin having high anticorrosion properties, and it is preferable to select a resin material that is usually used for a printed wiring board, for example, EP resin (epoxy Resin), PI resin (polyimide resin), PET resin (polyethylene terephthalate resin), BT resin (bismaleimide-triazine resin), PPE resin (polyphenylene ether resin), PEEK resin (polyether ether ketone resin) and the like are suitable. . In the embodiment described above, polyimide resin was used.

  Needless to say, the first and second insulating layers 33 and 35 do not necessarily have translucency, and in this case, a ceramic substrate can be used. Various ceramics such as oxide ceramics, nitride ceramics, and carbide ceramics can be used as the ceramic for producing the ceramic substrate. Examples of the oxide ceramic include alumina, mullite, zirconia and the like. Examples of the nitride ceramic include silicon nitride, sialon, titanium nitride, and aluminum nitride. Further, examples of the carbide-based ceramic include silicon carbide, titanium carbide, and aluminum carbide. The same material can be used for the third to fifth insulating portions 53 to 55.

  A metal foil can be used as the first conductive layer 34 and the second conductive layer 36. Specifically, it is a copper foil, an aluminum foil, a silver foil, or the like. Alternatively, a conductive paste containing metal powder may be applied to the insulating layer by screen printing or the like and baked. In the embodiment described above, copper foil was used.

  As the interconnector, in this embodiment, the solder ball 15 is used, and the solder ball is heated and melted to measure conduction between the translucent conductive layer 12 and the connecting portion 52 (resulting in the second conductive layer 36). However, it is also possible to configure an interconnector by driving lead pins used for IC creation or the like instead of solder balls. In this case, instead of heating and melting the solder, the lead pin is press-fitted into the bridge portion 47 of the second base 30 and the height thereof is set slightly higher than the height of the cell space 41, thereby translucent conductive. Conduction with the layer 12 may be achieved. In the case of using a lead pin or the like, the lead pin can be driven in until it reaches the second conductive layer 36, so that a via hole corresponding to the bridge portion 47 can be omitted.

  It is also preferable to use a lead pin whose one end is crushed into a disk shape. This is because the end portion has a disk shape, so that a sufficient contact area can be secured when the end portion contacts the translucent conductive layer 12. As the material of the lead pin, metals such as copper, brass, brass, tungsten, aluminum, silver, nickel, titanium, and alloys thereof can be used. Further, as a material other than the lead pin, a columnar conductor of the above-mentioned material or a columnar body of conductive carbon can be used.

  Since the protective part 17 is in direct contact with the corrosive electrolytic solution 43, an anticorrosive resin ring can be used. Examples of the resin to be used include a heat-fusible resin such as polyethylene modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as ionomer, maleic acid, and itaconic acid, and a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin, a polyurethane resin, and a thermosetting polyester resin. Can be used. For the spacer 45, the same material can be used. In the examples described above, an ionomer resin was used.

  As the electrolytic solution 43, as an electrolyte, sulfur such as I2 and iodide, Br2 and bromide, ferrocyanate-ferricyanate, ferrocene-ferricinium ion, etc., sodium polysulfide, alkylthiol-alkyldisulfide, etc. Examples thereof include an electrolyte containing a compound, a viologen dye, hydroquinone-quinone, and the like. Examples of the iodide include metal iodides such as LiI, NaI, KI, CsI, and CaI2, and iodine salts of quaternary ammonium compounds such as tetraalkylammonium iodide, pyridinium iodide, and imidazolium iodide. Examples of bromides include metal bromides such as LiBr, NaBr, KBr, CsBr, and CaBr2, and bromine salts of quaternary ammonium compounds such as tetraalkylammonium bromide and pyridinium bromide. Among these electrolytes, an electrolyte obtained by combining I2 and an iodine salt of a quaternary ammonium compound such as LiI, pyridinium iodide, and imidazolium iodide is particularly preferable. These electrolytes may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types.

  The solvent is preferably a solvent having a low viscosity, a high ion mobility, and sufficient ion conductivity. Such solvents include carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, heterocyclic compounds such as 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, ethers such as dioxane and diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, propylene glycol dialkyl ether, polyethylene Chain ethers such as glycol dialkyl ether and polypropylene glycol dialkyl ether, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, propylene glycol monoalkyl ether, polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, monoalcohols such as polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether, ethylene recall , Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol Polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, acetonitrile, glutarodinitrile, methoxy acetonitrile, propionitrile, nitriles such as benzonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like aprotic polar substances such as sulfolane. These solvent may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types.

  Furthermore, a normal temperature molten salt can be used as the electrolyte, and in this case, an electrolyte can be obtained using a solvent. Also, the electrolyte can be used alone. As this room temperature molten salt, a room temperature molten salt of iodide can be used. Examples of room temperature molten salts of iodide include various room temperature molten salts such as imidazolium salts, pyridinium salts, pyrrolidinium salts, pyrazolidium salts, isothiazolidinium salts, isoxazolidinium salts, and the like. Of the room temperature molten salts of iodide, imidazolium salts are preferred. These room temperature molten salts can be used in combination of two or more different types.

  Since the spacer 45 is used for sealing the periphery of the dye-sensitized solar cell 100, an anticorrosive resin can be used. The resin to be used is preferably a resin that can be easily joined by heating and pressurization and that has excellent corrosion resistance against the electrolytic solution 43. Examples of such resins include polyethylene resins such as low density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer. In addition to acrylic resins such as ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, silicone resin, ionomer resin, polystyrene, polydiene, polyester, polyurethane, fluororesin, polyamide, etc. Examples thereof include heat-fusible resins such as elastomers, and these resins can be appropriately selected and used according to the material of the adherend surface. In the examples described above, an ionomer resin was used.

  The implementation of the present invention does not require all the members described above, and members not described in the claims can be omitted.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... 1st base | substrate 11 ... Translucent board | substrate 12 ... Translucent conductive layer 13 ... Semiconductor electrode 15 ... Solder ball 17 ... Protection part 30 ... 2nd base | substrate 31 ... Catalyst electrode 32 ... Current collecting conductor 33 ... 1st Insulating layer 34 ... 1st conductive layer 35 ... 2nd insulating layer 36 ... 2nd conductive layer 37 ... Positive electrode side collector electrode 38 ... Negative electrode side collector electrode 39 ... Insulating substrate 41 ... Cell space 43 ... Electrolyte solution 45 ... Spacer 47 ... Bridge Part 52 ... Connection part 53 ... Third insulation part 54 ... Fourth insulation part 55 ... Fifth insulation part 62 ... Insulation part 65 ... Series connection part 90, 91 ... Solar battery cell 100 ... Dye-sensitized solar cell

Claims (6)

A dye-sensitized solar cell,
The translucent substrate is divided into a plurality of regions, and for each of the segments, the translucent conductive layer provided on the surface of the translucent substrate and the sensitizing dye provided on the surface of the translucent conductive layer A first substrate comprising a semiconductor electrode having
A second substrate facing the first substrate and having a catalyst electrode for each section;
An electrolyte filled between cell spaces formed for each of the sections between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A positive electrode-side collector electrode provided on the second substrate side and electrically connected to the catalyst electrode of the second substrate, and electrically via the translucent conductive layer and the interconnector of the first substrate. Connected to the negative electrode side collector electrode, for each of the sections, forming a solar cell,
A dye-sensitized solar cell in which the positive electrode side collector electrode and the negative electrode side collector electrode are connected and at least a part of at least a part of the solar cells is connected in series. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1,
The interconnector is two-dimensionally arranged at a predetermined pitch with respect to the translucent substrate, and the section is arranged to include a predetermined number of the interconnectors by providing an insulating portion and a spacer between the interconnectors. A dye-sensitized solar cell, which forms a plurality of the solar cells in one substrate.   The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode side collector electrode and the negative electrode side collector electrode are connected in series using a bridge portion. A first conductive layer, an insulating layer, and a second conductive layer are provided on the second base from the catalyst electrode side,
A predetermined closed region including a portion in contact with the interconnector in the first conductive layer is insulated from other portions of the first conductive layer, and is connected to the second conductive layer to form the negative electrode As a side collector,
Of the first conductive layer, a portion connected to the catalyst electrode is the positive electrode side collector electrode,
The positive electrode side collector electrode and the negative electrode side collector electrode are electrically separated for each region corresponding to the solar battery cell,
The dye increase according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the positive electrode side collector electrode of the solar cells connected in series is connected to the negative electrode side collector electrode of the other solar cells connected in series. Sensitive solar cell.   The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the light-transmitting conductive layer on the light-transmitting substrate is divided into strip-shaped regions by arranging the insulating layers in parallel at predetermined intervals.   The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the light-transmitting conductive layer on the light-transmitting substrate is divided into quadrangular regions by arranging the insulating layers in a lattice pattern at predetermined intervals.

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