JP2010216911A - Method for estimating magnitude using data of single observation point - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、単独観測点データによるマグニチュード推定方法に係り、特に、複数の周期帯域フィルタを用いた単独観測点データによるマグニチュード推定方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a magnitude estimation method using single observation point data, and more particularly to a magnitude estimation method using single observation point data using a plurality of periodic bandpass filters.
従来のマグニチュードの推定方法には、以下〔1〕,〔2〕のように2つの方法がある。
〔1〕震源位置決定後(震源距離決定後)マグニチュードを求める方法
(a)振幅の絶対値Aを求め、震源距離Xとの経験式からマグニチュードを求める方法であり、マグニチュードMは、
M=function(A,X)
で推定される。
Conventional magnitude estimation methods include the following two methods [1] and [2].
[1] Method of obtaining magnitude after determining the location of the epicenter (after determining the epicenter distance) (a) A method of obtaining the absolute value A of the amplitude and obtaining the magnitude from an empirical formula with the epicenter distance X.
M = function (A, X)
Estimated by
(b)スペクトルの長周期成分絶対値Sを求め、震源距離Xとの経験式からマグニチュードを求める方法(図4参照)であり、マグニチュードMは、
M=function(S,X)
で推定される。
〔2〕震源位置を決定せずにマグニチュードを求める方法
(c)P波初動卓越周期T0 を求め、経験式からマグニチュードを求める方法(図5参照)であり、マグニチュードMは、
M=function(T0 )
で推定される。
(B) A method for obtaining an absolute value S of a long-period component of a spectrum and obtaining a magnitude from an empirical formula with the epicenter distance X (see FIG. 4).
M = function (S, X)
Estimated by
[2] Method of obtaining magnitude without determining the location of the epicenter (c) This is a method of obtaining the P wave initial motion dominant period T 0 and obtaining the magnitude from an empirical formula (see FIG. 5).
M = function (T 0 )
Estimated by
この手法は、地震動の周期特性がマグニチュードの大きさにより変化するという理論的・観測的に知られている事実に着目したマグニチュードの推定方法である。この場合には、地震動の周期特性を単一のパラメータで表現している。 This method is a magnitude estimation method that focuses on the facts that are known theoretically and observationally that the periodic characteristics of ground motion change with the magnitude of the magnitude. In this case, the periodic characteristics of the ground motion are expressed by a single parameter.
この方法は震源距離を求める必要がないため、単独観測点でのマグニチュード推定に有効である。 This method is effective for estimating the magnitude at a single observation point because it is not necessary to determine the epicenter distance.
ただし、この方法は、震源規模に依存する周期(スペクトル)特性を卓越周期T0 というスカラー量のみで表現するため、誤差が発生しやすくなる。 However, since this method expresses the period (spectrum) characteristics depending on the epicenter scale only by the scalar quantity of the dominant period T 0 , an error is likely to occur.
また、地震動が地震計設置箇所の地盤増幅の影響を受けた時、その周期特性が大きく変化することがあるため、誤差が発生しやすくなる。 In addition, when the ground motion is affected by the ground amplification at the seismometer installation location, the periodic characteristics may change greatly, and errors are likely to occur.
一般に、地震計は地表面に設置されるので、その記録は地盤増幅の影響を大きく受ける。その結果、上記したように、地震動の卓越周期は場所ごとに大きく変化し、この卓越周期を利用してマグニチュードを求めると大きな誤差が生じることがある。 In general, since seismometers are installed on the ground surface, their records are greatly affected by ground amplification. As a result, as described above, the dominant period of ground motion varies greatly from place to place, and a large error may occur when the magnitude is obtained using this dominant period.
本発明は、上記状況に鑑みて、単独観測点データによるマグニチュード推定にあたり、複数の周期帯域フィルタを用いて正確なマグニチュードを即時に推定できる単独観測点データによるマグニチュード推定方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a magnitude estimation method using single observation point data capable of immediately estimating an accurate magnitude using a plurality of periodic band filters in magnitude estimation using single observation point data. To do.
本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、
〔1〕単独観測点データによるマグニチュード推定方法であって、単独地震計のP波の連続波形を対象に複数の周期帯域のフィルタ処理を逐次行い、地震検知後数秒の複数の周期帯域フィルタ通過後の最大振幅を検出し、次いで長周期波形の最大振幅に対する比を演算し、この演算された比に基づいて、震源情報なしにマグニチュードを推定することを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides
[1] Magnitude estimation method using single observation point data, which sequentially performs filtering processing of multiple periodic bands on the continuous waveform of the P wave of a single seismometer, after passing through multiple periodic band filters for several seconds after earthquake detection Is detected, and then the ratio of the long-period waveform to the maximum amplitude is calculated, and the magnitude is estimated without the source information based on the calculated ratio.
〔2〕上記〔1〕の単独観測点データによるマグニチュード推定方法において、非地震時の振幅比の情報を用いて地震計設置場所の地盤増幅特性を自動的に求めることを特徴とする。 [2] The magnitude estimation method based on the single observation point data of [1] is characterized in that the ground amplification characteristics at the seismometer installation location are automatically obtained using information on the amplitude ratio during non-earthquake.
〔3〕上記〔2〕記載の単独観測点データによるマグニチュード推定方法において、前記地震計設置場所の地盤増幅特性を考慮して地震時の最大振幅比を補正し、より正確なマグニチュードの推定を行うことを特徴とする。 [3] In the magnitude estimation method using the single observation point data described in [2] above, the maximum amplitude ratio at the time of the earthquake is corrected in consideration of the ground amplification characteristics at the place where the seismometer is installed, and a more accurate magnitude estimation is performed. It is characterized by that.
本発明によれば、震源距離を求める必要がないため、単独観測点データからマグニチュードを即時に推定することができる。 According to the present invention, since it is not necessary to determine the epicenter distance, the magnitude can be immediately estimated from the single observation point data.
また、複数のパラメータを使用することにより、誤差の少ないマグニチュードの推定を行うことがてきる。 Further, by using a plurality of parameters, it is possible to estimate the magnitude with less error.
本発明の単独観測点データによるマグニチュード推定方法は、単独地震計のP波の連続波形を対象に複数の周期帯域のフィルタ処理を逐次行い、地震検知後数秒の複数の周期帯域フィルタ通過後の最大振幅を検出し、次いで長周期波形の最大振幅に対する比を演算し、この演算された比に基づいて、震源情報なしにマグニチュードを推定する。 The magnitude estimation method based on the single observation point data of the present invention sequentially performs a filtering process of a plurality of periodic bands on a continuous waveform of a P wave of a single seismometer, and the maximum after passing through a plurality of periodic band filters within a few seconds after the earthquake is detected. The amplitude is detected, and then the ratio of the long period waveform to the maximum amplitude is calculated, and the magnitude is estimated without the source information based on the calculated ratio.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
図1は本発明の実施例を示すマグニチュードの推定装置のブロック図、図2は本発明の実施例を示すマグニチュードの推定フローチャート、図3は本発明の実施例を示すマグニチュードの推定例を示す図である。 1 is a block diagram of a magnitude estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a magnitude estimation flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of magnitude estimation according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is.
図3において、横軸は周期、縦軸はスペクトル振幅(変位)を示している。 In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis indicates the period, and the vertical axis indicates the spectrum amplitude (displacement).
図1において、1は地震計、2は通信回線、10は制御処理装置、11はアンチエイリアシングフィルタ(ローパスフィルタ)、12はA/D変換器、13は波形収録部、14はメモリ、15は周期帯域フィルタ処理部、16は周期帯域フィルタ通過後の時刻歴波形の振幅検出部、17は長周期波形の最大振幅に対する比の演算部、18はマグニチュード推定部、19は情報文送出部、20はGPS時計、21は状態表示装置、22はモデムである。 In FIG. 1, 1 is a seismometer, 2 is a communication line, 10 is a control processing device, 11 is an anti-aliasing filter (low-pass filter), 12 is an A / D converter, 13 is a waveform recording unit, 14 is a memory, 15 is A periodic band filter processing unit, 16 is an amplitude detection unit of a time history waveform after passing through the periodic band filter, 17 is a calculation unit of a ratio to the maximum amplitude of a long period waveform, 18 is a magnitude estimation unit, 19 is an information sentence transmission unit, 20 Is a GPS clock, 21 is a status display device, and 22 is a modem.
次に、図2を参照しながら、本発明のマグニチュードの推定方法について説明する。 Next, the magnitude estimation method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
(1)単独の地震計1からのP波の情報を制御処理装置10に取込み、デジタル波形データとして時刻歴波形をメモリ14に取得する(ステップS1)。
(1) The information of the P wave from the
(2)周期帯域フィルタ処理部15で処理された複数の周期帯域の時刻歴波形の振幅を、周期帯域フィルタ通過後の時刻歴波形の振幅検出部16で求める(ステップS2)。なお、このことは、図3に示すような複数の周期帯域のスペクトル振幅S1 ,S2 ,S3 を求めることと等しい。
(2) The amplitude of the time history waveform of the plurality of periodic bands processed by the periodic band
(3)次に、複数の周期帯域の時刻歴波形の振幅において、最大振幅に対する他の周期帯域の他の周期帯域の時刻歴波形の振幅の比R1 ,R2 ,…,Ri を長周期波形の最大振幅に対する比の演算部17で演算する(ステップS3)。
(3) Next, in the amplitude of the time-history waveform of a plurality of periodic band, amplitude ratio of a time history waveform of other periodic band other periodic band to the maximum amplitude R 1, R 2, ..., the length of the R i The ratio is calculated by the
(4)ステップS3で求めた比に対して事前に用意した経験式を考慮することにより、震源情報なしにP波からマグニチュードを推定する(ステップS4)。 (4) The magnitude is estimated from the P wave without the source information by considering an empirical formula prepared in advance for the ratio obtained in step S3 (step S4).
(5)情報文送出部19から早期マグニチュードの推定情報を通信回線2へ送信する(ステップS5)。
(5) The estimated information of the early magnitude is transmitted from the information
このように、本発明の単独観測点データによるマグニチュードの推定方法は、地震規模に依存する周期特性を、図3に示すような複数の周期帯域のスペクトル振幅S1 ,S2 ,S3 の比Ri により定義し、これらの関係の経験式を利用することにより、マグニチュードを求める。 As described above, the magnitude estimation method based on the single observation point data according to the present invention has a periodic characteristic that depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, and the ratio of spectral amplitudes S 1 , S 2 , S 3 of a plurality of periodic bands as shown in FIG. The magnitude is obtained by defining by R i and using an empirical formula of these relations.
M=function(R1 , R2 , R3 , ・・・)
R1 =S2 /S1
R2 =S3 /S1
Ri =Si /S1
ここで、事前に用意した経験式について説明する。
M = function (R 1 , R 2 , R 3, ...)
R 1 = S 2 / S 1
R 2 = S 3 / S 1
R i = S i / S 1
Here, an empirical formula prepared in advance is described.
上記したように、R1 =S2 /S1 ,R2 =S3 /S1 ,Ri =Si /S1 が示される。 As described above, R 1 = S 2 / S 1 , R 2 = S 3 / S 1 , and R i = S i / S 1 are shown.
上記の式で求められたR1 〜Ri に関連して過去のデータからマグニチュードMとの関係式をそれぞれ以下のように回帰する。なお、ここでは、Rに関する一次式を示しているが、実際には1次式以外の回帰式が使われる可能性もある。 The relational expression with the magnitude M is regressed as follows from the past data in relation to R 1 to R i obtained by the above formula. Although a linear expression for R is shown here, a regression expression other than the linear expression may be used in practice.
M1 =a1 ・R1 +b1
M2 =a2 ・R2 +b2
Mi =ai ・Ri +bi
ここで、a,bは回帰の係数である。
M 1 = a 1 · R 1 + b 1
M 2 = a 2 · R 2 + b 2
M i = a i · R i + b i
Here, a and b are regression coefficients.
上記の処理で複数のマグニチュードMが求められるが、以下のように最終的なマグニチュードは、これらの重み付き平均から求められる。 A plurality of magnitudes M are obtained by the above processing, and the final magnitude is obtained from the weighted average as follows.
M=(M1 ・w1 +M2 ・w2 +……+Mi ・wi )/(w1 +w2 +…wi )
なお、マグニチュードMは、上記式のようにM1 〜Mi の重み付き平均により求められるが、wはその時の重み係数である。
M = (M 1 · w 1 + M 2 · w 2 +... + M i · w i ) / (w 1 + w 2 +... W i )
Incidentally, the magnitude M is the formula obtained by the weighted average of the M 1 ~M i as but, w is a weighting factor at that time.
ここでは、「波形が定常的な状況では、狭帯域の帯域フィルタをかけた各周期の時刻歴波形の振幅の比は、各周期におけるスペクトル振幅の比に等しい」という性質を使用して、すべての時間領域で以下のような処理を行う。 Here, using the property that, in the case where the waveform is stationary, the ratio of the amplitude of the time history waveform of each period with a narrow band filter is equal to the ratio of the spectral amplitude in each period, The following processing is performed in the time domain.
図4は本発明の実施例を示すマグニチュードの推定処理例を示す図である。 FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of magnitude estimation processing according to the embodiment of the present invention.
この図において、41は時刻歴波形、42は帯域フィルタ1、43は帯域フィルタ2、44は帯域フィルタi、45は帯域フィルタ1通過後の時刻歴波形、46は帯域フィルタ2通過後の時刻歴波形、47は帯域フィルタi通過後の時刻歴波形、48は最大振幅の比(≒スペクトル振幅の比)である。
In this figure, 41 is a time history waveform, 42 is a
ここでは、時間領域での時刻歴波形41に各フィルタ(1,2,i)をかけて得られる時刻歴波形45,46,47に基づいて最大振幅の比(≒スペクトル振幅の比)を得ることができる。 Here, the maximum amplitude ratio (≈spectrum amplitude ratio) is obtained based on the time history waveforms 45, 46, 47 obtained by applying the filters (1, 2, i) to the time history waveform 41 in the time domain. be able to.
この処理はすべてを時間領域で毎ステップ行うことが容易であり、地震時、非地震共に計算負荷は一定となる。 This processing can be easily performed every step in the time domain, and the calculation load is constant both during and without an earthquake.
本発明では、震源距離を求める必要がないため、震源情報なしに単独観測点におけるP波のデータからマグニチュードを即時に推定することができる。 In the present invention, since it is not necessary to determine the epicenter distance, the magnitude can be immediately estimated from the P wave data at the single observation point without the epicenter information.
また、震源規模に依存する周期(スペクトル)特性を複数のパラメータ(複数の周期帯域のスペクトル振幅)で多角的に表現するため、単一のパラメータを用いてマグニチュードを推定する従来技術に比べて誤差の発生を抑えることができる。 In addition, since the period (spectrum) characteristics that depend on the epicenter are expressed in a multifaceted manner with multiple parameters (spectral amplitudes of multiple periodic bands), the error is larger than that of the conventional technique that estimates the magnitude using a single parameter. Can be suppressed.
さらに、非地震時の記録から設置場所の増幅特性を自動的に計算することができるため、これを利用して、地震時の最大振幅比を補正し、地盤の増幅特性の影響を除去したより正確なマグニチュードの推定を可能とする。 Furthermore, since the amplification characteristics of the installation location can be automatically calculated from the non-earthquake records, this is used to correct the maximum amplitude ratio at the time of the earthquake and remove the influence of the amplification characteristics of the ground. Enables accurate magnitude estimation.
このように、本発明によれば、複数の周期帯域のフィルタの出力を利用し、複数のパラメータから地震動の周期特性を表現し、これを経験式に照らすことによりマグニチュードを求めることができる。 Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain the magnitude by expressing the periodic characteristics of the seismic motion from a plurality of parameters using the outputs of the filters of a plurality of periodic bands and comparing this with an empirical formula.
なお、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨に基づき種々の変形が可能であり、これらを本発明の範囲から排除するものではない。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, Based on the meaning of this invention, a various deformation | transformation is possible and these are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.
本発明の単独観測点データによるマグニチュード推定方法は、単独観測点の地震データからマグニチュードを即時に推定可能なマグニチュード推定方法として利用可能である。 The magnitude estimation method based on the single observation point data of the present invention can be used as a magnitude estimation method capable of instantaneously estimating the magnitude from the earthquake data of the single observation point.
1 地震計
2 通信回線
10 制御処理装置
11 アンチエイリアシングフィルタ(ローパスフィルタ)
12 A/D変換器
13 波形収録部
14 メモリ
15 周期帯域フィルタ処理部
16 周期帯域のスペクトル振幅検出部
17 最大スペクトル振幅値に対する比の演算部
18 マグニチュード推定部
19 情報文送出部
20 GPS時計
21 状態表示装置
22 モデム
DESCRIPTION OF
12 A /
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