JP2010215555A - Method for inhibiting generation of fruit flesh trouble without deteriorating quality of fruit and agent therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop a means for preventing the generation of the flesh troubles of fruits without deteriorating the qualities (fruit weight, juice saccharide content, juice acidity, flesh hardness, and the like) of the fruits. <P>SOLUTION: This preparation for inhibiting the flesh troubles of crops for harvesting the fruits without deteriorating the qualities of the fruits is characterized by containing a cyclohexane derivative of formula (I) [wherein, R is H, 1 to 6C alkyl, 1 to 6C haloalkyl or phenyl (including substituted phenyl); R<SP>1</SP>is H, 1 to 6C alkyl, 3 to 6C cycloalkyl or benzyl] or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to the suppression of fruit quality reduction and the occurrence of fruit damage in crops that harvest fruits. More specifically, the present invention reduces fruit quality (fruit weight, fruit sugar content, fruit acidity, fruit hardness, etc.). It is related with the method and inhibitor which suppress generation | occurrence | production of a flesh disorder (mitrosis, flesh browning, entering a soot, etc.)

  In fruits such as apples, pears and peaches, sometimes the flesh exhibits a transparent water immersion symptom. In apple fruits, this symptom is commonly referred to as “mitsu” and is often perceived as a tasty fruit. On the other hand, in pears and peach fruits, the flesh tissue with water immersion symptoms is easily browned, and when it is significant, the tissue collapses and becomes hollow, resulting in a decrease in taste, resulting in no commercial value. For this reason, this symptom is generally referred to as “mitschism”, and the mechanism of its occurrence and the development of development control technology have been widely promoted (see Non-Patent Document 1). Although it is considered to be a species, the detailed mechanism of its development has not yet been elucidated.

  In addition, as pulp disorders similar to mitosis, there are “fruit flesh browning”, “with sushi”, and the like. “Fruit browning” refers to a product in which the pulp is submerged in water and turns brown. Moreover, “with soot” refers to a product in which cavities are formed in the pulp due to the collapse of the pulp cells.

  Conventionally, it is known that defoliation, paclobutrazol, prohexadione calcium salt, and spray treatment of calcium materials are effective as means for suppressing the occurrence of mitosis. However, it has been reported that the defoliation treatment inhibits fruit enlargement, coloring, and ripening, and the specific gravity / hardness of the pulp is slightly increased and the sugar content is decreased (see Non-Patent Document 2). The treatment with paclobutrazol and prohexadione calcium salt is also unavoidable because it has unavoidable harmful side effects such as suppression of growth of shoots, reduction of fruit weight, increase of fruit hardness, and decrease of sugar content ( Non-Patent Document 3). The dispersion treatment of calcium materials (calcium carbonate, etc.) is unstable (see non-patent document 2), has a variation (see non-patent document 1), and stains on the fruit surface (see non-patent document 4). ) Is also known to occur.

  In this way, migraine such as pears and peaches is a serious problem that causes great losses for producers. There is no established method for obtaining.

Vegetation, Vol. 41, no. 11 (2008), P.I. 425-439 The Horticultural Society magazine, Vol. 67, no. 3 (1998), p. 381-385 Fruit tree test site report, Vol. 29 (1996), p. 51-65 The Horticultural Society magazine, Vol. 68, no. 2 (1999), p. 336-342

  In such a situation, the present invention does not reduce the quality of fruits such as pears and peaches, and suppresses or prevents the occurrence of pulp disorders represented by mitosis (such as mitosis, pulp browning, and soup). It was made for the purpose of developing better methods and providing producers with a means to stably produce high-quality fruits.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have examined from various directions, and as a result of applying or dipping a specific cyclohexane derivative, unexpectedly causing adverse side effects as previously pointed out. In other words, the inventors have found for the first time that the occurrence of mitosis and the like can be suppressed at a high rate without deteriorating the quality of fruits without negatively affecting the crop, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
(1) Fruit quality (fruit and pulp) of a crop from which fruits are harvested, characterized by applying an agent containing a cyclohexane derivative represented by the formula (I) (formula 4 below) or a salt thereof as an active ingredient To suppress the occurrence of pulp damage without degrading the quality of the food.
(In the formula (I), R represents hydrogen, a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group, a C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl group or a phenyl group (including a substituted phenyl group), and R ¹ represents hydrogen, C _1- It represents a C ₆ alkyl group, a C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl group or a benzyl group (including a substituted benzyl group), or a salt represents an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt.
(2) When the cyclohexane derivative is represented by formula (I) (Chemical Formula 4 below), R is hydrogen or a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group, R ¹ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group or a C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl group. The method according to (1), wherein the salt is a calcium salt.
(3) The cyclohexane derivative is a compound represented by Formula (II) (Chemical Formula 6 below) or a calcium salt compound represented by Formula (III) (Chemical Formula 7 below). the method of.
(4) The fruit quality (fruit and fruit quality) is at least one of fruit weight, fruit sugar content, fruit acidity and fruit hardness, and the fruit trouble is at least one of mitomiasis, fruit browning, and soy sauce. The method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein:
(5) Any one of (1) to (4), wherein the paste is treated by an application method in which the paste is applied to the fruit infarction and / or branch, or an entire fruit is immersed in a liquid agent. The method according to any one of the above.
(6) The method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the method is applied to the fruit of a rose family crop.
(7) The method according to (6), wherein the method is applied to at least one of pear (Japanese pear), pear (pear), and peach.
(8) Fruit quality (fruit and pulp quality) of a crop from which the fruit is harvested, comprising a cyclohexane derivative represented by the formula (I) (following chemical formula 4) or a salt thereof as an active ingredient An agent that suppresses the occurrence of pulp damage without lowering.
(9) The fruit quality (fruit and fruit quality) is at least one of fruit weight, fruit sugar content, fruit acidity, and fruit hardness, and the fruit trouble is at least one of mitosis, fruit browning, and soot. The agent according to (8), which is characterized in that it exists.
(10) The paste for applying the infarction and / or branch according to (8) or (9), wherein the paste is used by a treatment method for applying the paste to the infarction and / or branch of the fruit.
(11) The liquid agent for immersing fruit according to (8) or (9), characterized by being used by a treatment method in which only the whole fruit is immersed in the liquid agent.
(12) The agent according to any one of (8) to (11), wherein the crop from which the fruit is harvested is a Rosaceae crop.
(13) The agent according to (12), wherein the crop from which the fruit is harvested is at least one of pear (Japanese pear), pear (pear), and peach.

  According to the present invention, in the production of fruits such as pears and peaches, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of fruit damage such as mitosis, which sometimes causes devastating damage. As a result, the quality of fruits can be stably produced. Thus, the present invention provides a great benefit to fruit producers and is also a useful technique for consumers.

  In this way, the present invention has been impossible in the past by the process of spraying the entire main branch, which does not negatively affect the crop, reduces the fruit quality, and suppresses the occurrence of mitosis. It has been realized brilliantly and has a patent requirement sufficiently to achieve a remarkable effect far exceeding the prior art.

  The cyclohexane derivative used in the present invention is represented by the formula (I) and has a structure of the following chemical formula 4.

(Wherein R represents hydrogen, a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group, a C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl group or a phenyl group (including a substituted phenyl group), and R ¹ is hydrogen, a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group) , C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl group or benzyl group (including substituted benzyl group), or a salt represents an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt.

As the cyclohexane derivative (I), one or more of the above compounds may be used in combination. For example, in the formula (I), R is hydrogen or a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group, and R ¹ is C ₁ -C. ₆ alkyl group or C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl group, salt is alkali metal (sodium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metal (calcium, magnesium, etc.), aluminum, copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt, zinc, iron Or a compound which represents silver, and preferably represents a calcium salt, is a preferred example.

The cyclohexane derivative (I) can be produced, for example, according to Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-29659 as follows (the following chemical formula 5).
That is, compound (IV) or compound (V) (wherein M ¹ represents an alkali metal atom, R represents the same meaning as described above), and acid chloride (R ¹ COCl: R ¹ represents the same meaning as described above). In the presence or absence of γ-picoline, in the presence or absence of a base, in the presence of a solvent, in the temperature range from −20 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent, preferably at room temperature or lower for 10 minutes. The compound (VI) can be produced by reacting for 7 hours.
Examples of the base include organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, 4-N, N-dimethylaminopyridine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and hydrogen carbonate. An inorganic base such as sodium can be mentioned.

Compound (I) can be produced by reacting compound (VI) in the presence of a catalyst and a solvent at a temperature ranging from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent for 1 to 10 hours.
Here, examples of the catalyst include pyridine derivatives such as 4-N, N-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-N, N-diethylaminopyridine and 4-pyrrolidinoaminopyridine, and N-alkylimidazole derivatives such as N-ethylimidazole. be able to.

  Commercial products can also be used. For example, prohexadione and prohexadione calcium salts represented by the following chemical formulas 6 and 7 (formula (II) and formula (III): these are both commercially available. In particular, prohexadione calcium salt is commercially available under the trade name “Bibiflu”).

  In the agent of the present invention that suppresses the occurrence of fruit damage without degrading the fruit quality of the crop from which the fruit is harvested, the application amount of the cyclohexane derivative is appropriately defined according to the target crop, the form of use, the method of use, the time of use, etc. However, when immersed in fruit, it is usually used at a concentration of 10 to 10,000 ppm, preferably 300 to 3,000 ppm. In order to dilute to the target concentration, water or an aqueous solution of a surfactant used for diluting ordinary agricultural chemicals is used. In the case of paste processing using lanolin or the like, the concentration is 0.1 to 30%, preferably 1 to 10%.

  In the present invention, the agent that suppresses the occurrence of fruit damage without deteriorating the quality of the fruit of the crop from which the fruit is harvested is a carrier, an emulsifier, a dispersant, a spreading agent that is usually used as necessary in addition to the above components. It can be formulated into various forms such as wettable powder, emulsion, powder, granule, wettable powder, paste, etc. by containing auxiliary agents such as wetting agent, fixing agent and disintegrant.

  The following are mentioned as an adjuvant used here. Examples of the liquid carrier include water, alcohols such as ethanol and methanol, ketones such as acetone, and esters such as ethyl acetate. As the emulsifier or dispersant, a surfactant is usually used. For example, anionic surfactants such as higher alcohol sodium sulfate, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, lauryl betaine, and cationic interfaces. Examples include activators and zwitterionic surfactants. In the case of a paste, lanolin, petrolatum or the like is used.

  The agent for suppressing the occurrence of pulp damage without deteriorating the fruit quality of the crop from which the fruit is harvested according to the present invention is not limited to one or two or more cyclohexane derivatives represented by the formula (I). Plant growth regulators, insecticides, acaricides, nematocides, fungicides, herbicides, microbial preparations, fertilizers, spreading agents, and other agriculturally acceptable ingredients may be mixed or used before and after .

  In the method of the present invention for suppressing the occurrence of pulp damage without deteriorating the quality of the fruit of the crop from which the fruit is harvested, it varies depending on the type of crop, the growth stage, the method of use or the time of use. After 1 to 5 months of full bloom, preferably after 3 to 5 months of full bloom, the whole or part of the fruit is applied. In particular, in the case of paste treatment, it is applied to the fruit infarct or branch at the same time. Moreover, in the case of immersion treatment, only the whole fruit is immersed in a process liquid at the same time.

  The amount of paste treatment applied is, for example, in the case of prohexadione calcium salt 10% paste (lanolin 90%) treatment, and usually 0.0001 to 1.0 g, preferably 0.001 The amount is preferably about 0.5 g, more preferably about 0.003 to 0.3 g, but this is a temporary measure and can be appropriately increased or decreased as necessary.

  The number of times of application varies depending on the type of crop, the growth stage, and the method of use, but it is applied once or multiple times at intervals of one week to one month during the above use period.

  Although it will not specifically limit if it is a crop which harvests a fruit as an applicable crop of this invention, Fruit trees and fruit vegetables are mentioned. Fruit trees include fruit trees of the Rosaceae family (pears (Japanese pears), pears (pears), apples, peaches, plums, prunes, nectarines, plums, apricots, loquats, etc.), oysters, citrus fruits, and kiwi. Illustrated. Examples of fruit vegetables include strawberry, cucurbitaceae fruit vegetables (melon, prince melon, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, cucumber, bitter gourd, etc.), eggplant and the like.

  Moreover, the agent which suppresses generation | occurrence | production of a flesh disorder | damage | failure, without reducing the quality of the fruit of the crop which harvests a fruit of this invention can be similarly used for the crop transformed by techniques, such as gene recombination.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
In Japanese pear (Hosui), we evaluated the occurrence of mitosis and the fruit quality in the following experimental outline. In addition, the prohexadione calcium salt 1% paste treatment was performed using prohexadione calcium salt (trade name: Bibiful) manufactured by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Outline of Experiment Materials: Japanese pear 'Hosui' fruit Full bloom on April 11, 2007, harvest on August 31, 2007 18-19 fruits per treatment area

Treatment area No treatment: Cont (no treatment control group)
86 days after full bloom: Prohexadione calcium salt 1% paste (lanolin 99%) treatment Date: July 6, 2007 120 days after full bloom: Prohexadione calcium salt 1% paste (lanolin 99%) treatment Date: August 9, 2007 Paste treatment was applied to pear insteps (about 0.03g per fruit)

The obtained results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Here, the incidence of mitosis is the percentage of the number of mitosis-occurring fruits relative to the number of fruits examined, and the flesh hardness is a value measured with a fruit hardness tester FRUIT PRESSURE TESTER FT011 (8 mm diameter cylindrical probe used) manufactured by Fujihira Kogyo Co., Ltd. (maximum addition) (Pressure: Unit, kg), Fruit juice sugar content is Brix value (Brix: Bx) by Atago Co., Ltd. digital sugar content meter PR-101α: Brix degree (% of aqueous solution solids consisting mainly of sugar like fruit juice) Brix value is usually measured using a refractometer.Brix is a water-soluble solid content measured as a sucrose concentration.) The average value of the test evaluation values (immature-appropriate maturity-overripe evaluation in 5 stages), suppression of shoot growth is + ) Or - as shown in (no inhibition).
For the presence or absence of flesh symptom, the fruit was crossed at the infarct, equator and tail, and the presence or absence of symptom on each cut surface was evaluated.

  As is apparent from the results of Tables 1 and 2, the 86-day post-treatment with prohexadione calcium salt paste and the 120-day post-treatment with prohexadione calcium salt paste were compared with the untreated control group. Although the occurrence was clearly suppressed, the fruit quality was the same as that of the untreated control group, and the growth of the shoot was not affected.

(Example 2)
The same evaluation test as in Example 1 was performed in the following experimental outline.

Outline of experiment Material: Japanese pear 'Hosui' fruit Full bloom on April 16, 2008, September 9-22, 2008 Harvest 57-71 fruits per treatment area

Treatment area No treatment: Cont (no treatment control group)
30 days after full bloom treatment: Prohexadione calcium salt 1% paste (lanolin 99%) treatment Date: May 16, 2008 61 days after full bloom treatment: Prohexadione calcium salt 1% paste (lanolin 99%) treatment Date: June 16, 2008 90 days after full bloom post-treatment: Prohexadione calcium salt 1% paste (lanolin 99%) treatment Date: July 15, 2008 Full bloom 117 days post treatment: Prohexadione calcium salt 1% paste (lanolin 99) %) Treatment Treatment Date: August 11, 2008 Paste treatment is applied to pear fruit (about 0.03g per fruit)

The obtained results are shown in Table 3. Here, the incidence of mitosis was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As for the fruit rate with a honey index of 1 or more, the symptom of each cut surface when the incidence of mitosis was evaluated was evaluated according to the following criteria, and the ratio of the number of fruits with a honey index of 1 to 3 was calculated.
Mitsu index 0: Healthy and slightly symptom-like migraine radiating from the fruit core.
Mitsu index 1: A slight mitotic symptom is observed directly under the pericarp, or a clear mitotic symptom of less than 1 cm ² is observed.
A clear, well-defined mitotic symptom with a honey index of 2: 1 cm ² or more, or a small spot of honey occupies a considerable area of the cut surface.
Symptoms with a Mitsu index of 3: 2 expand further, and mitotic symptoms with clear borders of more than 1/4 of the cut surface at the infarcted area and the affected area, and 1/8 or more of the equatorial plane are observed.

  As is apparent from the results in Table 3, compared to the untreated control group, 30 days after treatment with prohexadione calcium salt paste was fully treated, 61 days after treatment with prohexadione calcium salt paste, 61 days after treatment, and 90 days after full production of prohexadione calcium salt paste. The treatment and the treatment after 117 days of full opening of the prohexadione calcium salt paste clearly suppressed the occurrence of flesh symptom, and the effect of suppressing the treatment after 117 days of full bloom of the prohexadione calcium salt paste was particularly high. Neither treatment had an effect on the growth of new shoots.

The present invention is summarized as follows.
That is, the present invention relates to fruit quality (fruit weight, fruit sugar content, fruit juice acidity, fruit meat hardness) of a crop from which a cyclohexane derivative represented by formula (I) and / or a salt thereof is an active ingredient to harvest fruits. ), I.e., without undesirably changing the quality of the fruit as much as possible, for example, without reducing the fruit weight, decreasing the fruit sugar content, increasing the fruit acidity, increasing the fruit hardness as much as possible. Further, the present invention relates to an agent for suppressing or preventing the occurrence of fruit (fruit and fruit) disorders (at least one of mitosis, pulp browning, and soot), and a method for suppressing or preventing. In particular, the agent according to the present invention is formulated into a fruit paste and / or a branch coating paste or a fruit soaking liquid agent rather than spraying the whole main branch to produce a fruit fruit infarct and / or branch. A method of applying and adhering to the fruit or immersing the whole fruit is preferable because there is no side effect.

Claims (13)

Applying an agent containing a cyclohexane derivative of the formula (I) represented by the following chemical formula 1 or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, the fruit-harvesting crop without reducing the quality of the fruit without reducing the fruit quality A method to suppress the occurrence.

(Wherein R represents hydrogen, a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group, a C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkyl group or a phenyl group (including a substituted phenyl group), and R ¹ is hydrogen, a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group) , C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl group or benzyl group (including substituted benzyl group), or a salt represents an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt. In the formula (I), the cyclohexane derivative represents hydrogen or a C _{1 to} C ₆ alkyl group, R ¹ represents a C _{1 to} C ₆ alkyl group or a C _{3 to} C ₆ cycloalkyl group, and the salt is a calcium salt. The method of claim 1, wherein: The method according to claim 2, wherein the cyclohexane derivative is a compound of the formula (II) represented by the following chemical formula 2 or a calcium salt compound of the formula (III) represented by the chemical formula 3 below.

  The fruit quality is at least one of fruit weight, fruit sugar content, fruit acidity, and fruit hardness, and the fruit disorder is at least one of mitosis, fruit browning, and soot. 4. The method according to any one of items 3.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the paste agent is treated by a method of applying to the infarction and / or branch of a fruit, or a method of immersing only the whole fruit in a liquid agent. .   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method is applied to the fruit of a rose family crop.   The method according to claim 6, wherein the method is applied to at least one of pear (Japanese pear), pear (pear), and peach.   The agent which suppresses generation | occurrence | production of a flesh disorder | damage | failure, without reducing the quality of the fruit of the crop which harvests the fruit characterized by containing the cyclohexane derivative represented by Formula (I), or its salt as an active ingredient.   The fruit quality is at least one of fruit weight, fruit sugar content, fruit juice acidity, and fruit hardness, and the fruit disorder is at least one of mitomiasis, fruit browning, and soot. The agent described.   The paste agent for fruit flesh and / or branch application according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the paste is used by a treatment method for applying the fruit paste to a fruit fruit infarction and / or branch.   The liquid agent for immersing fruit according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it is used by a treatment method in which only the whole fruit is immersed in the liquid agent.   The agent according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the crop from which the fruit is harvested is a Rosaceae crop.   The agent according to claim 12, wherein the crop from which the fruit is harvested is at least one of pear (Japanese pear), pear (pear), and peach.