JP2010163285A - Container crane - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a container crane with improved efficiency of loading and unloading. <P>SOLUTION: This container crane 10 includes two trolleys 20, 22 traversing one girder 18. The two trolleys 20, 22 have frames 20a, 22a provided with a traversing means, respectively, and are constituted to enable the frame 22a constituting the trolley 22 on one side to pass through the inner side of the frame 20a constituting the trolley 20 on the other side. The frame 20a constituting the trolley 20 on the other side may be formed into a U-shape allowing the trolley 22 on one side to pass through the inner side of the frame 20a while a container 52 is suspended. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a container crane.

  In recent years, fierce service competition has been developed in international container transportation against the backdrop of fierce global economic competition. Each entity involved in international container transportation is working to strengthen its competitiveness. One of these trends is the increase in size of container ships. The largest ship type currently in service in Japan is a Post-Panamax type with a loading capacity of 6000 TEU. However, the largest container ship currently built has a capacity of 10,000 TEU, and there is a possibility that this class of container ship will enter service in Japan.

  Problems associated with the increase in the size of container ships may include the increase or increase in depth of the quay where the container ships berth, but most importantly, the improvement in container handling efficiency. Conventionally, a container crane has been used for a cargo handling operation on a container ship berthed on a quay such as a container wharf. Patent Document 1 discloses a container crane for improving the cargo handling efficiency.

  The container crane disclosed in Patent Document 1 is provided with two traversers that are set on a girder (boom) so that the container can be placed and moved to pass each other. And the part overhanging the sea side of the said girder is equipped with two trolleys for delivering a container between a container ship and the said traverser. In addition, the land side portion of the girder includes a trolley for transferring the container between the traverser on which the container is placed and moved on the girder and the quay (land).

  According to the container crane having such a configuration, the trolley does not move on the girder during handling, and the traversers on which the containers are placed can pass each other, so that the container handling work can be performed efficiently. .

JP 2000-143154 A

  Certainly, according to the container crane as described above, it is considered that the container handling work can be performed more efficiently than the conventional container crane. However, the container crane with the above configuration is accompanied by a loading operation such as delivery (placement and gripping) of the container from the traverser to the trolley or from the trolley to the traverser on both the sea side and the land side of the girder. There will be a loss of time. In addition, it is difficult to automatically perform the container placement work, and the container crane disclosed in Patent Document 1 involves a risk of dropping the container because the work is performed at a high place. . In addition, there are many cases where stacking cones are attached to the corners of containers loaded on the deck. When a container is loaded on a traverser, the corner cast portion of the container is not supported and there is a risk of damaging the container. Furthermore, since manual operations such as container placement and gripping as described above increase, a plurality of operators who operate the container crane are required. For this reason, the cost increases and a plurality of operators try to operate at the same time. Therefore, the alignment between the container crane and the container ship, the container truck on the land, etc. may be complicated and time consuming.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a container crane capable of solving the above-described problems and improving cargo handling efficiency.

  In order to achieve the above object, a container crane according to the present invention is a container crane having two trolleys traversing one girder, each of the two trolleys having a frame having traversing means, The frame which comprises one trolley is comprised so that the frame which comprises the other trolley can pass inside.

Moreover, in the container crane which has the above characteristics, the frame which comprises said one trolley is good to comprise the U shape which can pass the inner side in the state which said other trolley suspended the container.
Further, in the container crane having the above-described characteristics, the frame constituting the other trolley may be configured such that an upper half portion having a traversing means and a lower half portion on which the spreader is suspended are rotatably connected. desirable.

According to the container crane having the above-described characteristics, a plurality of trolleys traversing on one girder pass each other. For this reason, the waiting time when traversing the trolley is reduced, and the efficiency of the cargo handling work can be improved.
In addition, the frame constituting the other trolley has a structure in which an upper half portion having a traversing means and a lower half portion for suspending the spreader are rotatably connected, so that the longitudinal direction of the spreader and the girder are The longitudinal direction can be in a parallel state. Thereby, the projection area of the spreader (and container) from the longitudinal section direction of the girder is reduced. For this reason, even if the frame of one trolley is reduced in width and shaped like a V-shape, the spreader or container of the other trolley may come into contact when passing each other. No. Further, since the frame can be reduced in size, the weight of the trolley itself can be reduced.

It is a figure which shows the container crane arrange | positioned on the quay and the container ship which berthed. It is a figure which shows the trolley of 1st Embodiment which concerns on the container crane of this invention. It is the operation | movement flow which compared operation | movement of the container crane of this invention with operation | movement of the conventional container crane. It is a figure which shows the trolley of 2nd Embodiment which concerns on the container crane of this invention. It is a figure which shows the trolley of the form relevant to the container crane of this invention. It is a bottom view of the trolley of the related form shown in FIG. It is an example of an operation | movement flow at the time of using three trolleys with which the girder of a container crane is equipped.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the container crane of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are some embodiments according to the present invention, and the present invention includes various embodiments as long as the main part is not changed.

First, an arrangement relationship between a container crane and a container ship according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a schematic configuration of the container crane will be described with reference to FIG.
A container crane 10 according to the present embodiment, which handles a container 52 with respect to a container ship 50 that is in contact with a quay 60, includes a portal frame 12, a girder 18 provided horizontally on the frame 12, A plurality of trolleys 20 and 22 traversing the girder 18 are used as a basic configuration.

  In the container crane 10 having the above basic configuration, the frame 12 has a portal structure, and has a leg 16 having wheels 16 and is configured to be able to travel on a rail (not shown) arranged on a quay. Is desirable.

  The girder 18 includes a portion projecting to the upper part (sea side) of the container ship 50, and a counter portion extending on the frame 12 and rearward thereof to cancel the weight of the sea side projecting portion. The overhanging portion is constructed so as to be suspended by a stay extending from the auxiliary frame (support). Although the girder 18 of this embodiment is one girder, as shown in FIG. 2, it has a structure provided with a plurality of (two in FIG. 2) main girders 18a and 18b horizontally and in parallel. Here, FIG. 2 (A) is a diagram showing a structure from the longitudinal section direction of the girder, and FIG. 2 (B) is a diagram showing a structure from the side surface direction of the girder. In the girder 18 having such a structure, rails 19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d are provided on both sides of each of the two main girders 18a and 18b. In this embodiment, rails provided on the inner side and the outer side of the girder 18, that is, rails 19 b and 19 c and rails 19 a and 19 d are set as a pair, and a rail for traversing trolleys 22 and 20, which will be described later, To do.

In addition, as a structure of the girder, a groove part may be provided in the center of one main girder, and a traverse rail may be provided on each of the inside (groove part) and the outside of the main girder.
The girder is provided with an operation chamber 24 for operating a trolley, which will be described later, so as to be movable along the rail 19 (any one of 19a to 19d).

  The girder 18 having the above-described structure can be provided with a plurality (two in this embodiment) of trolleys that traverse the pair of rails. The trolleys traversing the pair of rails are the trolleys 22 traversing the rails 19b and 19c provided inside the girder 18 and the trolleys traversing the rails 19a and 19d provided outside the girder 18. 20. The two trolleys 20 and 22 are provided with frames 20a and 22a having traversing means and winding means 20b and 22b, respectively, and the container 52 is gripped by the spreaders 20c and 22c suspended by the winding means 20b and 22b. Thus, it can be lifted or hung. The frames 20a and 22a are respectively provided with wheels 20d and 22d for traversing on the rail. The trolleys 20 and 22 of the present embodiment are arranged by shifting (shifting) the respective movement paths up and down. In order to shift the movement path, in this embodiment, the frame 20a of the trolley 20 that traverses on the rails 19a and 19d provided outside the girder 18 and the trolley 22 can be misplaced by hanging the load ( In FIG. 2, it is formed in a U-shape, and is provided with a winding means underneath. The U-shaped frame 20a is formed so that the trolley 22 traversing the rails 19b and 19c provided on the inner side can pass through the inner side of the frame 20a in a state where the container 52 is lifted. Further, as a side structure of the U-shaped frame 20a, a truss structure is adopted in FIG. 2, but it is not limited to this.

  With the above configuration, the trolley 20 can pass under the trolley 22 that suspends (holds) the container 52. By providing the trolleys 20 and 22 with the passing mechanism as described above, a plurality of trolleys traversing on one girder 18 can pass each other. For this reason, the waiting time when traversing the trolley is reduced, and the efficiency of the cargo handling work can be improved.

  Hereinafter, the cargo handling work in the container crane of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. For comparison, FIG. 3A shows a flow of cargo handling work of the container crane of the present embodiment, and FIG. 3B includes trolleys on the sea side and the land side. A flow of cargo handling work by a container crane (hereinafter referred to as a traverser method) connected by a traverser is shown.

  3A, one of the two trolleys 20 and 22 described above will be described as a first trolley and the other as a second trolley. In the initial setting, the first trolley is placed on the sea side (upper part of the container ship) and the second trolley is placed on the land side, and the cargo handling work is started. The cargo handling work is to unload the container from the container ship. This will be described as a case.

First, the spreader of the first trolley is unwound by automatic operation (automatic operation) (step 100).
After the spreader is lowered to near the top of the container loaded on the container ship, the operation is switched to manual operation (manual operation), and the container is gripped by the spreader (container gripping). Note that the container gripping operation includes an operation of winding the container to a certain height from gripping the container. During the container gripping operation, the second trolley traverses the girder in an automatic operation and lowers the spreader (step 110).

  After the container gripping operation is completed in the first trolley, the first trolley winds up the spreader that grips the container by automatic operation, moves to the land side along the girder, and lowers the spreader. During this time, the second trolley ends the above-described container gripping operation, and winds up the spreader by automatic operation (step 120).

  And the 1st trolley which automatic unwinding complete | finished places a container in a predetermined position, and releases a container. The container release operation is a manual operation, which is an operation of automatically lowering the spreader to a specified height, placing the container at a predetermined position, releasing the container, and winding the spreader to the specified height. . During this time, the second trolley that has rolled up the spreader by automatic operation moves to the land side by automatic traverse, and lowers the spreader that holds the container by automatic lowering to a specified height (step 130).

  Then, the second trolley switches to manual operation and performs the container release described above. Note that while the second trolley is releasing the container, the first trolley performs automatic winding and automatic traverse and returns to the sea side (step 140).

  The above operation is one cycle of the cargo handling work by the container crane of the present embodiment, and one container can be unloaded from each of the first trolley and the second trolley, for a total of two containers.

On the other hand, when the cargo handling work is performed with the traverser type container crane shown in FIG.
First, the spreader of the first trolley is unwound by automatic operation, and the container is gripped by manual operation. Then, the spreader holding the container by automatic operation is wound up to the upper limit. At this time, the traverser traverses on the girder by automatic operation and is arranged in the vicinity of the container receiving position.

Thereafter, alignment with the traverser is performed, and the container is manually placed on the aligned traverser (alignment / placement).
Hereinafter, the first trolley repeats the above-described operations of automatic lowering, container gripping, automatic winding and placing.

  The traverser that completes the alignment and places the container at the specified position moves to the vicinity of the container delivery position to the second trolley arranged on the land side by automatic traversing. At the same time, the second trolley automatically winds the spreader to near the upper limit. Then, alignment with the traverser is performed, and the container is manually gripped by the spreader from the aligned traverser (positioning / gripping).

After the traverser moves, the second trolley that grips the container lowers the spreader that grips the container by automatic lowering to a specified height, and switches to manual operation to release the container.
The above operation is one cycle of the cargo handling operation by the traverser type container crane, and one container can be unloaded.

  As can be seen from FIG. 3, the traverser type container crane requires operations such as “positioning / placement” and “positioning / gripping” of the container. Further, the traverser has a free (play) time indicated by a depending on the timing. On the other hand, in the container crane of the present embodiment, the operation such as “positioning / placement” is not necessary, and both trolleys have no free time. For this reason, it turns out that this embodiment has high cargo handling efficiency compared with a traverser type container crane.

  This means that the time taken to unload two containers by the container crane of this embodiment is about 1.5 times faster than when the same operation is performed by a traverser type container crane. But I understand.

  Furthermore, in the traverser type container crane, since the operation time of manual operation of the first trolley and the second trolley overlaps, at least two operators who operate the trolley are required. On the other hand, in the container crane of this embodiment, it can drive | operate so that the operation time of the manual operation of a 1st trolley and a 2nd trolley may not overlap. For this reason, one operator can operate the trolley. In addition, the operator's work is free (play) time is reduced, and the work efficiency with respect to the restraint time is improved.

  Note that the flow of work operations shown in FIG. 3 is one example in the present embodiment, and operations such as automatic hoisting, automatic traversing, and automatic lowering depend on the size of the container crane. Therefore, as an operation method of the container crane of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the operation times of manual operation of the plurality of trolleys do not overlap each other. The timing for switching between manual operation and automatic operation is arbitrary.

  Next, a container crane according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Here, FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a structure from the longitudinal section direction of the girder, and FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a structure from the side surface direction of the girder.

  The basic configuration of the container crane according to the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above. As a difference with the container crane which concerns on 1st Embodiment, the structure of the trolley which traverses the rail with which the inner side of the girder was equipped can be mentioned. Therefore, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the location which makes the structure the same as the container crane which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The trolley 122 according to the present embodiment is a hoist that suspends the spreader 122c and the upper half 122a having a traversing means including a driving unit such as a wheel 122d rolling on the rails 19b and 19c and a motor (not shown) for driving the wheel. The lower half 122e is provided with means 122e, and the lower half 122e is rotatably connected to the upper half 122a. That is, the winding means is rotatably connected to the traversing means.

With such a configuration of the trolley 122, when the container 52 is gripped or released, the spreader 120c provided in the trolley 120 and the spreader 122c provided in the trolley 122 are oriented in the same direction (the spreader (When the longitudinal direction and the longitudinal direction of the girder are orthogonal to each other), and when passing each other, the spreader 122c provided in the trolley 122 is rotated by 90 °, It can be set in a parallel state. Thereby, the projection area of the spreader 122c (and the container 52) from the longitudinal section direction of the girder 18 is reduced. For this reason, even if the U-shaped frame 120a having the wheels 120d of the trolley 120 has a reduced width and a shape close to a V shape, the spreader 122c of the trolley 122 or the container can be used when passing each other. There is no fear that 52 will contact. Moreover, since the U-shaped frame 120a can be reduced in size, the weight of the trolley 120 itself can also be reduced.
About another structure, an element, and the operating method, it is the same as that of the container crane which concerns on 1st Embodiment mentioned above.

  Next, the container crane which concerns on the form relevant to this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIG. 5, FIG. Here, FIG. 5 (A) is a diagram showing the structure from the longitudinal section direction of the girder, FIG. 5 (B) is a diagram showing the structure from the side surface direction of the girder, and FIG. 5 (C) will be described later. It is a figure which shows a mode that the lower half part of the trolley rotated. FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the trolley provided in the girder.

  In addition, the basic structure of the container crane of this form is the same as that of the container crane which concerns on 1st Embodiment mentioned above and 2nd Embodiment. The differences from the above-described embodiments include the way of shifting the movement path of the trolley provided in the girder and the structure of the trolley. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to portions having the same configuration, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In any of the above-described embodiments, a structure in which the movement paths of a plurality (two) of trolleys are shifted up and down with respect to the longitudinal section of the girder 18 is employed. However, in the container crane of this embodiment, the trolley moving path is configured to be shifted in the left-right direction with respect to the longitudinal section of the girder.

Specifically, the rails 19a and 19b and the rails 19c and 19d provided on both sides of the two main girders 18a and 18b are set as a pair, and the trolleys 220 and 222 traversing the main girders 18a and 18b. To offer.
With such a configuration, the trolleys traversing the main girders 18a and 18b can pass each other.

  However, the interval is determined by the size of the container such as the container loading position of the container ship and the container unloading position on land. For this reason, the container must be loaded and unloaded at a defined position. Therefore, simply shifting the trolley's movement path to the left or right will complicate the positioning when loading and unloading, and the positioning will be centered on one of them, improving the handling efficiency. It is difficult to plan. Therefore, the trolley provided in the container crane of the present embodiment is preferably configured as follows.

  First, the basic configuration of the trolleys 220 and 222 includes, as in the trolley 122 shown in the second embodiment, wheels 220d and 222d for traversing the rail 19, and traversing means having a drive unit such as a motor. And upper half portions 220a and 222a and lower half portions 220e and 222e provided with winding means 220b and 222b for suspending spreaders 220c and 222c, and the lower half portions 220e and 222a with respect to the upper half portions 220a and 222a. 222e is rotatably connected. In addition to the above configuration, the trolleys 220 and 222 of the present embodiment shift (offset) the rotation center a of the lower half portions 220e and 222e and the winding center b of the winding means 220b and 222b. ) The configuration to be arranged. Here, the shift width (offset width) between the rotation center a of the lower half portions 220e and 222e and the winding center b of the winding means 220c and 222c is the same in each trolley 220 and 222 that traverses the two main girders 18a and 18b. The distance is set to half the distance between the rotation centers aa of the lower half portions 220e and 222e. Thus, when the lower half portions 220e and 222e of the trolleys 220 and 222 are rotated, the winding center b of the winding means 220b and 222b comes to an intermediate position between the two main girders 18a and 18b.

  As a result, operations such as gripping and placing the container are performed at the center of the crane, and it is not necessary to perform alignment individually. Further, since the lower half portions 220e and 222e are rotatably attached to the upper half portions 220a and 222a of the trolleys 220 and 222, the longitudinal direction of the spreaders 220c and 222c is set to the main girder 18 when the trolleys 220 and 222 are traversed. It can be made parallel to the longitudinal direction, and there is no possibility of the spreader or a part of the trolley coming into contact when the two trolleys pass each other.

  When the trolleys 220 and 222 having the above-described configuration are used for the girder 18 having the two main girders 18a and 18b as described above, the rotation angles of the lower half portions 220e and 222e are respectively set to be opposite or lower. It is necessary to set the rotation angle of the half part to 180 ° or more. However, as shown in FIG. 6, the trolleys 220 and 222 provided in the two main girders 18a and 18b are provided in opposite directions so that the rotation angle of the lower half portions 220e and 222e is about 90 °. The same structure, setting trolley can be used. Therefore, since the structure of the plurality of trolleys provided can be made the same, it is convenient at the time of mass production and maintenance, and the capital investment cost for installation can be suppressed.

  In the above-described embodiment, the description has been given with respect to one girder provided with two trolleys, but the number of trolleys can be further increased. FIG. 7 shows a work flow when the number of trolleys is three. In FIG. 7, since the operation time for automatic hoisting, automatic traversing, and automatic lowering is the same as that of the above-described embodiment, the container gripping and the container which are manual operations of the first trolley, the second trolley, and the third trolley The operation of releasing partly overlaps, and at least two operators are required, but the handling efficiency is improved.

  Further, when the container ship is further enlarged, the length of the girder is also increased. In such a case, since the operation time of the automatic traverse which is an automatic operation becomes long, it can be set so that the operation time by the manual operation does not overlap. And when the operation time by manual operation does not overlap, it becomes possible to operate three trolleys by one operator.

  In the first and second embodiments, only the U-shape and the V-shape are cited for the frame in which the load can be suspended, but a so-called suspension such as a Y-shape or a horseshoe shape is cited. Any shape can be used as long as the winding means can be held in the saddle state. Of course, a trolley having a U-shaped or V-shaped frame and a flat frame are included in the above in order to enable passing while the load is suspended. That is, at least one of the plurality of trolleys may be a U-shaped or V-shaped frame.

10 ......... Container crane, 12 ......... Frame, 14 ......... Leg, 16 ......... Wheel, 18 ......... Girder, 18a, 18b ......... Main girder, 19 (19a-19d) ......... Rail, 20 ......... Trolley, 20a ......... Frame, 20b ......... Winding means, 20c ......... Spreader, 20d ......... Wheel, 22 ......... Trolley, 22a ......... Frame, 22b ......... Winding Means, 22c ......... Spreader, 22d ......... Wheel, 24 ......... Control room, 50 ......... Container ship, 52 ......... Container.

Claims (3)

A container crane with two trolleys traversing one girder,
Each of the two trolleys has a frame with traversing means,
A container crane characterized in that a frame constituting one trolley can pass through a frame constituting one trolley.   2. The container crane according to claim 1, wherein the frame constituting the one trolley has a U shape that allows the other trolley to pass through the inside of the container while the container is suspended. 3. The frame constituting the other trolley is formed by rotatably connecting an upper half portion having a traversing means and a lower half portion for suspending the spreader. Container crane.

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