JP2010160939A - Separator for nonaqueous secondary battery, and nonaqueous secondary battery - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high quality separator for a nonaqueous secondary battery in which there is less adhesion amount of agglomerates, and there is no effect on battery characteristics. <P>SOLUTION: In the separator for the nonaqueous secondary battery in which a porous coating layer containing an organic polymer compound is laminated on one face or both faces of a base material membrane, and the separator for the nonaqueous secondary battery in which in an area 1 m<SP>2</SP>of the separator surface, there exists no agglomerates of the maximum diameter 300 μm or more composed of a structure of the coating layer, and there are five pieces or less of the agglomerates of the maximum diameters 5 μm or more and 300 μm or less composed of a constituent of the coating layer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery and a non-aqueous secondary battery.

  Conventionally, a coating film in which a porous layer is coated on a breathable substrate is known as a film suitable for use as a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). In such a coating film, the porous layer is usually provided for the purpose of additionally imparting various functions such as heat resistance and electrolytic solution retention characteristics. For example, the coating film described in Patent Document 1 is a separator for a lithium ion secondary battery in which a porous layer such as wholly aromatic polyamide is coated on a polyethylene microporous film. In this case, the porous layer is mainly composed of a porous layer. It is provided for the purpose of improving the heat resistance of the separator. Patent Document 2 discloses a composite porous film in which a porous layer made of a polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer is laminated on a polypropylene microporous film. In this case, the porous layer is used as an electrolytic cell for a lithium ion battery. It is provided for the purpose of improving the swellability and retention of the liquid.

  As a method for producing such a coating film, (i) a step of producing a coating liquid containing an organic polymer compound and a water-soluble organic solvent constituting a porous coating layer, and (ii) a coating liquid as a base material A step of coating on one or both sides of the membrane, and (iii) immersing the substrate membrane having this coating layer in a coagulation bath having a coagulation liquid comprising water or a mixture of water and a water-soluble organic solvent. A wet coating method comprising a step of solidifying the coating layer and a step of (iv) washing and drying is widely known. In particular, as shown in Patent Document 2, the continuous wet coating method in which the substrate is continuously conveyed between the processes (ii) to (iv) is highly productive and has a high quality coating film. It can be said that it is an excellent method from the viewpoint of being easy to obtain. In such a continuous wet coating method, it is desired to transport the substrate faster in order to further increase productivity.

International Publication No. 2008/062727 JP 2003-171495 A

  However, depending on the composition and manufacturing method of the coating layer, a part of the coating layer before solidification is lost by being immersed in the coagulation bath at a high speed, and the coagulation bath is contaminated by the constituent material of the missing coating layer. It may end up. And the constituent material of the coating layer which exists in a coagulation bath may aggregate, and this aggregate may adhere to the surface of the coating film conveyed to a coagulation bath one by one. Aggregates adhering to the coating film surface may deteriorate the quality of the non-aqueous secondary battery separator and may affect the characteristics of the non-aqueous secondary battery. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the adhesion amount of the aggregate on the separator surface as much as possible, but it is practically difficult to completely eliminate the aggregate, and even if the manufacturing method is improved, the aggregate will adhere to some extent. It is a reality. However, at present, there is no example showing clear knowledge as to how much aggregates do not adversely affect battery characteristics.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-quality non-aqueous secondary battery separator that has a small amount of aggregates and does not affect the battery characteristics.

The present invention adopts the following configuration in order to solve the above problems.
(1) A separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery in which a porous coating layer containing an organic polymer compound is laminated on one side or both sides of a base film, and per 1 m ^{2 of the} separator surface area, There are no aggregates having a maximum diameter of 300 μm or more composed of the composition of the coating layer, and there are 5 or less aggregates having a maximum diameter of 5 μm or more and less than 300 μm composed of the composition of the coating layer. A separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery.
(2) The separator for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to (1), wherein the coating layer contains an inorganic filler.
(3) The separator for a nonaqueous secondary battery according to the above (1) or (2), wherein there are 20 or more aggregates having a maximum diameter of 0.5 to 5 μm on the surface of the coating layer 400 μm ² .
(4) The above (1) to (3), wherein the number of streaks having a width of 0.05 to 1 mm and a length of 1 cm or more due to the aggregates is 5 or less per 1 m ^{2 of the} separator surface area. The separator for non-aqueous secondary batteries in any one of.
(5) A non-aqueous secondary battery that obtains an electromotive force by doping or dedoping lithium, wherein the non-aqueous secondary battery separator according to any one of (1) to (4) is used. Non-aqueous secondary battery.

  In the present invention, it is possible to provide a high-quality non-aqueous secondary battery separator that has a small amount of aggregates and does not affect battery characteristics.

It is the schematic diagram which showed the coating system for manufacturing the separator for non-aqueous secondary batteries of this invention. It is the schematic diagram which showed the various aspects of the pre-solidification part in said coating system.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[Non-aqueous secondary battery separator]
The non-aqueous secondary battery separator of the present invention is a non-aqueous secondary battery separator in which a porous coating layer containing an organic polymer compound is laminated on one side or both sides of a substrate film, the separator surface There is no agglomerate having a maximum diameter of 300 μm or more composed of a constituent of the coating layer per 1 m ^{2 of the} coating, and agglomeration having a maximum diameter of 5 μm or more and less than 300 μm composed of the constituent of the coating layer. The number of objects is 5 or less.

  Such a non-aqueous secondary battery separator has high surface smoothness and high adhesion to the adherent member, and thus a non-aqueous secondary battery having low film resistance and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. It should be noted that the presence of aggregates having a maximum diameter of 300 μm or more remarkably deteriorates the membrane resistance and cycle characteristics of the battery, and therefore should not be present. In addition, if there are more than 5 aggregates having a maximum diameter of 5 μm or more and less than 300 μm, surface smoothness and uniformity of the coating layer are lost, and many defects such as streaks and peeling due to the aggregates occur. It becomes easy. As a result, there is a problem that it is difficult to increase the membrane resistance and to maintain the contact property between the separator and the electrode. Moreover, since the aggregate with the maximum diameter of less than 5 μm does not affect the surface smoothness and the uniformity of the coating layer, there is no problem even if it is contained.

Here, the aggregate in the present invention means a solid mainly composed of a polymer compound or an inorganic filler constituting the coating layer. The shape of the aggregate mainly includes a circle, an ellipse, and a rectangle, but the shapes are various. In the present invention, the number of aggregates per 1 m ² of the separator surface area is either when the coating layer is formed on both surfaces of the substrate film or when only the front and back surfaces are formed. However, it means the total number of aggregates on the front and back surfaces per 1 m ^{2 of} the separator.

In the present invention, it is preferable that there are 20 or more aggregates having a maximum diameter of 0.5 μm or more and less than 5 μm on the surface of the coating layer 400 μm ² . In this way, since it has a slipperiness that can withstand high-speed conveyance, it becomes a separator with excellent handling properties.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the number of streaks having a width of 0.05 to 1 mm and a length of 1 cm or more due to the aggregate is 5 or less per 1 m ^{2 of the} separator surface area. When there are more than 5 streaks having a width of 0.05 to 1 mm and a length of 10 cm or more per 1 m ^{2 of the} surface area, the surface smoothness is lost and the uniformity of the coating layer is lost. As a result, not only the quality but also the performance of the coating film such as mechanical properties and heat shrinkage may be affected. When the width of the streak is less than 0.05 μm or when the streak is 1 cm or less in length, there is almost no effect on the thermal shrinkage of the separator, and the impact on the battery characteristics is negligible. Further, the streak having a width exceeding 1 mm is hardly formed in the wet coating method, and even if it is formed, it is difficult to use it as a battery separator. In the present invention, the number of streaks per 1 m ² of the separator surface area may be either when the coating layer is formed on both surfaces of the base film or only on the front and back surfaces. , it means the total number of muscle in both sides of 1 m ² per separator. In addition, the streaks caused by aggregates are streaks formed as a result of aggregates adhering to the surface of the coating layer and the aggregates being dragged on the surface, and usually aggregated at the ends of the muscles. Observed with objects attached.

  Here, examples of the substrate film in the present invention include microporous films, nonwoven fabrics, paper sheets, polymers, and other sheets having a three-dimensional network structure. In view of the above, a microporous membrane is preferable. The material constituting the base film can be either an organic material or an inorganic material, but polyolefins, particularly polyethylene and polypropylene, are preferred in view of handling properties, strength, and productivity of the base film. In particular, a polyethylene microporous membrane is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a shutdown function (a function in which the base material film melts and closes the pores at a high temperature to enhance the safety of the battery).

  Moreover, as said base material film, what is excellent in a mechanical physical property and surface smoothness from a viewpoint of the improvement of the conveyance speed of a base material film and the quality improvement of a coating film is preferable. For example, the tensile strength of the base film is preferably 0.5 N / cm or more. The puncture strength of the base film is preferably 30 g or more. The surface roughness (Ra) is desirably 2 μm or less. When the surface roughness (Ra) exceeds 2 μm, it may be difficult to produce a coating film having high surface smoothness. Moreover, it is preferable that the thickness of a base film is 3 micrometers or more. When the film thickness is thinner than 3 μm, mechanical properties such as tensile strength and puncture strength are insufficient, and there is a possibility that breakage may occur during high-speed conveyance of the substrate.

  The coating layer in the present invention has a structure in which a large number of micropores are connected inside and these micropores are connected, and gas or liquid can pass from one surface to the other. Means layer. This coating layer is mainly composed of an organic polymer compound, and may further contain an inorganic filler in some cases. Any organic polymer compound can be used as long as it is soluble in a water-soluble organic solvent. For example, from the viewpoint of improving the heat resistance of the separator, the organic polymer compound may be one or more selected from the group consisting of aromatic polyamide, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyetherketone, and polyetherimide. preferable. In particular, polymetaphenylene isophthalamide, which is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide, is preferable in that it has excellent heat resistance and a good porous structure. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the retention property of the electrolytic solution, polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer thereof can be used as the organic polymer compound.

  The inorganic filler is preferably added to the coating layer in terms of improving the slipperiness of the separator and controlling the porous structure of the coating layer. Moreover, various functions can be imparted to the coating layer depending on the physical properties of the inorganic filler. For example, in order to improve the heat resistance and oxidation resistance of the separator, metal oxides such as alumina, titania, silica, and zirconia, and metal nitrides such as aluminum nitride, boron nitride, and titanium nitride are preferable. In order to improve the flame retardancy of the separator, metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, chromium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, and boron hydroxide are preferable. In addition, carbonates such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, sulfates such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate, clay minerals such as calcium silicate and talc can also be used depending on the purpose. The various inorganic fillers described above may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The average particle diameter of the inorganic filler is within the range of 0.01 to 10 μm, but preferably within the range of 0.1 to 1 μm.

The film thickness of the separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention is preferably 30 μm or less, and more preferably 20 μm or less. When the thickness of the separator exceeds 30 μm, the energy density and output characteristics of a battery to which the separator is applied are lowered, which is not preferable. As the physical properties of the separator, the Gurley value (JIS P8117) is preferably 10 to 1000 sec / 100 cc, and more preferably 100 to 400 sec / 100 cc. The membrane resistance is 0.5 to 10 ohm · cm ² , preferably 1 to 5 ohm · cm ² .

  In the present invention, the coating layer may be formed on at least one surface of the substrate film, but it is more preferable to form the coating layer on both the front and back surfaces from the viewpoint of curling suppression. And when the coating layer is formed on both surfaces of the substrate film, the total thickness of the coating layer is 3 μm or more and 12 μm or less, or the coating layer is formed only on one surface of the substrate film. When it is, it is preferable that the thickness of the heat resistant porous layer is 3 μm or more and 12 μm or less.

[Method for producing separator for non-aqueous secondary battery]
The method for producing a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can produce a separator that satisfies the above-described aggregate range. For example, the following (i) to (iv) A method including these steps can be employed.
(i) A step of coating a coating liquid containing an organic polymer compound constituting the coating layer and a water-soluble organic solvent for dissolving the organic polymer compound on one side or both sides of the substrate film.
(ii) A step of solidifying only the outermost surface of the coating layer containing the water-soluble organic solvent.
(iii) The substrate film having the coating layer after the step (ii) is transported into a coagulation bath having a coagulation liquid composed of water or a mixture of water and the water-soluble organic solvent, and the uncoagulated The process of solidifying the coating layer.
(iv) Washing with water and drying.

  Such a manufacturing method can be realized by, for example, a coating system as shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 1, the coating system performs the steps (i) to (iv) while continuously transporting the base film 1, and includes a coating part 2, a pre-solidification part 3, and a complete solidification. Part 4. Details of each part will be described below. In FIG. 1, step (iv) is not shown.

The step (i) is a step of coating the organic polymer compound constituting the coating layer and a water-soluble organic solvent that dissolves the organic polymer compound on one side or both sides of the substrate film. In this step (i), the water-soluble organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the organic polymer compound to be used. For example, polar solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide are used. Can be mentioned. Moreover, you may add the solvent used as a poor solvent with respect to an organic polymer compound to a coating liquid. By applying such a solvent, a micro phase separation structure is induced and a porous structure of the coating layer can be favorably formed. As such a poor solvent, alcohols are preferred, and polyhydric alcohols such as glycol are particularly preferred. The polymer concentration of the coating solution is preferably 4 to 9% by weight. When an inorganic filler is added to the coating film, the inorganic filler may be mixed in the coating liquid in this step (i). It is preferable that the addition amount of an inorganic filler is 40 to 80 weight% in the total weight of an organic polymer compound and an inorganic filler. Coat weight of the coating formulation of the base film is preferably about 10 to 60 g / ^{m 2.} Examples of the coating method include a knife coater method, a gravure coater method, a screen printing method, a Mayer bar method, a die coater method, a reverse roll coater method, an ink jet method, a spray method, and a roll coater method. From the viewpoint of uniformly applying the coating film, the reverse roll coater method is particularly suitable. For example, the coating part 2 in FIG. 1 is based on the Meyer bar method, and this coating part 2 is provided in the coating bath 22 which stores the coating liquid 21, and the bottom opening part of this coating bath 22. FIG. And a pair of Meyer bars 23. In the coating unit 2, the base film 1 is passed through the coating bath 22 and between the pair of Meyer bars 23 so that a uniform and smooth coating film can be simultaneously formed on both surfaces of the base film 1. It has become.

  The step (ii) is a step of removing the water-soluble organic solvent from the surface of the coating layer, and is performed, for example, in the pre-solidification part 3 shown in FIG. As this step (ii), for example, for the surface of the coating layer containing a water-soluble organic solvent, a blast treatment, a heat treatment, a treatment liquid comprising water or a mixture of water and a water-soluble organic solvent is used. It is preferable to perform at least one of a process of spraying in a shower form (hereinafter referred to as a shower process as appropriate) and a process of exposing to vapor or mist of the process liquid (hereinafter referred to as an exposure process as appropriate). .

  The blowing process is a process in which only the surface of the coating layer is solidified by blowing air onto the surface of the coating layer containing the water-soluble organic solvent. The wind speed is preferably 5 to 50 m / sec, particularly preferably 10 to 30 m / sec. Although the drying efficiency increases as the wind speed increases, the surface smoothness of the coating film may be impaired when it exceeds 50 m / sec. The air blowing angle is arbitrary from 0 to 180 ° while observing the smoothness of the coating surface. The blowing time may be appropriately set according to the amount of dry air, and is, for example, 1 second to 10 seconds. The air may be appropriately heated, and for example, 60 to 80 ° C. is suitable. Such a drying process can be implemented using an apparatus as shown to FIG. 2 (A), for example. That is, in FIG. 2A, the pre-solidification unit 3 includes a drying chamber 31 having a carry-in window and a carry-out window for the base film 1, and a drying means 32 such as a film drier provided in the drying chamber 31. And. It is preferable that the air in the drying chamber 31 is led out to an external recovery means by a blower or the like, and the recovery means cools and recovers the solvent mixed in the air.

  The heat treatment is a treatment for solidifying only the surface of the coating layer by heating the base film after coating and volatilizing the water-soluble organic solvent on the surface of the coating film. The heating temperature is preferably 60 ° C to 180 ° C. When the temperature is less than 60 ° C., it is difficult to solidify only the coating layer surface in a short time. When the temperature is 180 ° C. or higher, a dimensional change due to thermal shrinkage may occur depending on the base material. For example, in the case of a coating for a separator, a polyethylene base material is often used, and 80 to 120 ° C. is appropriate. What is necessary is just to set a heating time suitably according to drying temperature, for example, it is about 0.5 second-5 second. Such heat treatment can be performed using, for example, an apparatus as shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 2B, the pre-solidification unit 3 includes a heating chamber 33 having a carry-in window and a carry-out window for the base film 1, and a heating means 34 such as a far infrared heater provided in the heating chamber 33. And. Note that the air in the heating chamber 33 is also preferably recovered by the recovery means as described above.

  The shower treatment is a treatment for solidifying only the surface of the coating layer by making the treatment liquid into a shower and spraying it onto the surface of the coating layer containing a water-soluble organic solvent. The treatment liquid is composed of water or a mixed liquid of water and a water-soluble organic solvent, and the same liquid as a coagulating liquid described later can be used as the mixed liquid. It is preferable that the temperature of a process liquid is 10-90 degreeC. It is preferable that the supply direction of the shower with respect to the surface of the coated base film is parallel to the film. This is because, when they are parallel, there is little impact of the shower on the film, and the coating layer is less likely to be disturbed. Moreover, it is preferable to match the jetting speed of the shower with the transport speed of the film. What is necessary is just to set shower treatment time suitably, for example, it is about 0.1 second-2 second. Such a shower treatment can be performed using, for example, an apparatus as shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 2C, the pre-solidification unit 3 includes a shower chamber 35 having a carry-in window and a carry-out window for the base film 1, and shower means 36 provided in the shower chamber 35. . A treatment liquid is supplied to the shower means 36 from a supply means (not shown). Such supply means may supply a new processing liquid, but may use a processing liquid obtained by collecting the processing liquid stored in the bottom of the shower chamber 35 and filtering the recovered processing liquid.

The exposure treatment is a treatment for solidifying only the surface of the coating layer by exposing the substrate film after coating in an atmosphere in which the treatment liquid is vaporized or misted. The treatment liquid is composed of water or a mixed liquid of water and a water-soluble organic solvent, and the same liquid as a coagulating liquid described later can be used as the mixed liquid. The supply amount of water vapor or mist is preferably about 0.1 to 1000 mg / sec · cm ² , more preferably about 0.5 to 500 mg / sec · cm ² . What is necessary is just to set exposure time suitably according to a conveyance speed, for example, it is about 0.1 to 2 second. Such an exposure process can be performed using, for example, an apparatus as shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 2 (D), the pre-solidification unit 3 includes an exposure chamber 37 having a carry-in window and a carry-out window for the base film 1, and a mist such as an ultrasonic atomizer provided in the exposure chamber 37. And an activating means 38. A treatment liquid is supplied to the atomizing means 38 from a supply means (not shown). Such supply means may supply a new processing solution, but may use a processing solution obtained by collecting the processing solution stored at the bottom of the exposure chamber 37 and filtering it.

  By performing this exposure treatment, when a large number of micropores are formed inside the coating layer, it becomes easy to make a structure in which these micropores are connected, and a separator with higher air permeability can be obtained. In producing the separator of the present invention, it is particularly preferable.

  In the step (iii), in the step (ii), the coating film in which only the surface of the coating layer is solidified is immersed in a coagulating liquid capable of coagulating the polymer compound. Solidify. Examples of the coagulation method include a method of immersing in a coagulation bath 42 in which a coagulation liquid 41 is stored as shown in FIG. The coagulation liquid is not particularly limited as long as it can coagulate the polymer compound, but is preferably a mixture of water or a good solvent used for coating with an appropriate amount of water. Here, the mixing amount of water is preferably 40 to 80% by weight with respect to the coagulation liquid. If the amount of water is less than 40% by weight, the time required for coagulating the polymer becomes long, resulting in insufficient coagulation. On the other hand, if it is more than 80% by weight, the cost for recovering the solvent increases, and a good porous structure may not be obtained.

  In the step (iv), the coating film after the step (iii) is washed with water and dried. The water washing treatment is for removing the coagulating liquid or the like adhering to the coating film with water, and is performed, for example, by immersing the coating film in a water washing bath. In the drying process, water or the like attached to the coating film is removed by drying, but the drying method is not particularly limited. The drying temperature is suitably 40 to 80 ° C. When a high drying temperature is applied, it is preferable to apply a method of contacting with a roll in order to prevent dimensional change due to heat shrinkage.

  In order to adjust the aggregate on the separator surface within the scope of the present invention described above, it is preferable to perform the pre-solidification step as described in (ii) above, but without performing such a pre-solidification step. It is possible to adjust within the range. That is, for example, by reducing the conveyance speed of the substrate film, or by collecting the coagulating liquid in the coagulation bath periodically or continuously and performing filtering, the generation of aggregates in the coagulation bath is prevented. And can fall within the scope of the aggregates in the present invention.

[Non-aqueous secondary battery]
The separator for non-aqueous secondary batteries of the present invention can be applied to any known non-aqueous secondary battery, and a battery excellent in various performances can be obtained. The type and configuration of the applied non-aqueous secondary battery is not limited in any way, but the non-aqueous secondary battery separator of the present invention is a non-aqueous secondary battery that obtains an electromotive force by doping or dedoping lithium. It can be suitably applied to a battery. Among these, application to a lithium ion secondary battery is preferable.

In general, a non-aqueous secondary battery means a battery element in which a negative electrode and a positive electrode are opposed to each other with a separator interposed therebetween and an electrolytic solution is impregnated, and this is enclosed in an exterior. The negative electrode has a structure in which a negative electrode mixture composed of a negative electrode active material, a conductive additive, and a binder is formed on a current collector (copper foil, stainless steel foil, nickel foil, etc.). As the negative electrode active material, a material capable of electrochemically doping lithium, for example, a carbon material, silicon, aluminum, or tin is used. The positive electrode has a structure in which a positive electrode mixture composed of a positive electrode active material, a conductive additive, and a binder is formed on a current collector. Examples of the positive electrode active material include lithium-containing transition metal oxides such as LiCoO ₂ , LiNiO ₂ , LiMn _0.5 Ni _0.5 O ₂ , LiCo _1/3 Ni _1/3 Mn _1/3 O ₂ , LiMn ₂ O. ₄ and LiFePO ₄ are used. The electrolytic solution has a configuration in which a lithium salt, for example, LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , or LiClO ₄ is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. Examples of the non-aqueous solvent include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, and vinylene carbonate. Examples of the exterior material include a metal can or an aluminum laminate pack. The shape of the battery includes a square shape, a cylindrical shape, a coin shape, and the like, but the separator of the present invention can be suitably applied to any shape.

  Test methods in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention are as follows.

[Aggregate detection method]
(1) Aggregates having a maximum diameter of 5 μm or more From the back side of the separators having a length of 1 m or more obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, a three-wavelength daylight fluorescent lamp (FPL27EX-N /: manufactured by National Corporation) is separated by 30 cm. The number of aggregates in the entire range of these separators was visually measured from the surface side of the separators, and the number of aggregates was averaged. Then, the marked aggregate was observed with a digital microscope (VHZ-450, manufactured by Keyence Corporation), and the outer periphery of the aggregate using a digital microscope (VH-7000, two-point distance measurement mode manufactured by Keyence Corporation). The distance between any two points was measured. The maximum diameter at that time was regarded as the maximum diameter in the present invention.

(2) Aggregates having a maximum diameter of 0.5 μm or more and less than 5 μm The surface of the separator obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was observed at 10 locations at 2000 times using an electron microscope (Hitachi, S-2400). The number of surface agglomerates falling within the range of 400 μm ² to 0.5-5 μm was measured and averaged. The size of the aggregate was measured by measuring the distance between any two points on the outer periphery of the aggregate, and the maximum diameter at that time was regarded as the maximum diameter in the present invention.

[Muscle detection method]
A three-wavelength daylight fluorescent lamp (National, FPL27EX-N) was irradiated 30 cm away from the back surface of the coating film having a length of 1 m or more obtained in the Examples and the comparison, and the number of streaks in the entire range was coated. The number of muscles was measured and averaged by visual observation from the surface side.

[Film thickness]
It was determined by measuring 20 points with a contact-type film thickness meter (manufactured by Mitutoyo Co., Ltd.) and averaging them. Here, the contact terminal used was a cylindrical one having a bottom surface of 0.5 cm in diameter.

[Gurley value]
The Gurley value (sec / 100 cc) was measured according to JIS P8117. It means that it is excellent in air permeability, so that this Gurley value is low.

[Membrane resistance]
The coating films prepared in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples were used as sample separators, and the separators were cut into a size of 2.6 cm × 2.0 cm. The cut separator was immersed in a methanol solution in which 3% by weight of a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Kao Corporation; Emulgen 210P) was dissolved, and then air-dried. A 20 μm thick aluminum foil was cut out to 2.0 cm × 1.4 cm, a lead tab was attached, two aluminum foils were prepared, and the separator cut out between the aluminum foils was sandwiched so that the aluminum foil was not short-circuited. The separator was impregnated with 1M · LiBF ₄ · propylene carbonate / ethylene carbonate (1/1 weight ratio) as an electrolytic solution, and this was sealed in an aluminum laminate pack under reduced pressure so that the tab would come out of the aluminum pack. . Such cells were prepared so that there were one, two, and three separators in the aluminum foil, respectively. The cell was placed in a constant temperature bath at 20 ° C., and the resistance of the cell was measured by an AC impedance method at an amplitude of 10 mV and a frequency of 100 kHz. The measured resistance values of the cells were plotted against the number of separators, and the plot was linearly approximated to obtain the slope. The inclination was multiplied by the electrode area of 2.0 cm × 1.4 cm to determine the membrane resistance (ohm · cm ² ) per separator.

[Battery cycle characteristics]
Using the coating films prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention, lithium ion secondary battery separators were prepared as follows, and the battery cycle characteristics were evaluated.

1) Positive electrode 6 wt% PVdF so that the lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO ₂ , Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) powder 89.5 parts by weight, acetylene black 4.5 parts by weight and PVdF dry weight 6 parts by weight A positive electrode paste was prepared using the NMP solution. The obtained paste was applied onto an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 μm, dried and pressed to obtain a positive electrode having a thickness of 97 μm.

2) Negative electrode 6 wt% PVdF so that the dry weight of mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB, manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Inc.) powder 87 parts by weight, acetylene black 3 parts by weight and PVdF 10 parts by weight as the negative electrode active material. An NMP solution was used to prepare a negative electrode agent paste. The obtained paste was applied onto a copper foil having a thickness of 18 μm, dried and pressed to prepare a negative electrode having a thickness of 90 μm.

3) electrolyte of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate of 3: a mixed solution with 7 weight ratio, was used as the LiPF ₆ is dissolved at a 1 mol / L.

4) Trial manufacture of lithium ion secondary battery Separator (2.6 cm × 2.2 cm) in which the positive electrode (2 cm × 1.4 cm) and the negative electrode (2.2 cm × 1.6 cm) were prepared in the following examples and comparative examples It was made to face through. This was impregnated with the above electrolytic solution (0.15 to 0.19 g) and sealed in an exterior made of an aluminum laminate film to produce a lithium ion secondary battery.

5) Cycle test About the produced lithium ion secondary battery, charging / discharging measurement apparatus (HJ-101SM6 by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd.) was used, and charging / discharging was repeated 100 cycles. The battery was charged up to 4.2 V at 6 mA / h, and was discharged up to 2.75 V at 1.6 mA / h). From the discharge capacity at the first cycle and the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle, the cycle characteristics were calculated by the following equation.
Cycle characteristics (%) = (discharge capacity at the 100th cycle) ÷ (discharge capacity at the first cycle) × 100

[Sliding]
When the separator was placed on a SUS plate and pulled, the one that slipped easily was marked with ◯, and the one that was difficult to slip was marked with ×.

[Heat shrinkage]
The thermal contraction rate was measured as follows. A sample is cut out at 18 cm (MD direction) × 6 cm (TD direction). Mark 2 cm and 17 cm points (point A and point B) from the top on the line that divides the TD direction into two equal parts. Also, mark the points 1 cm and 5 cm (point C, point D) from the left on the line that bisects the MD direction. This is clipped and hung in an oven adjusted to 175 ° C. and heat-treated for 30 minutes under no tension. The length between two points AB and the length between CDs were measured before and after the heat treatment, and the thermal shrinkage rate was obtained from the following equation.
MD direction thermal shrinkage = {(length between AB before heat treatment−length between AB after heat treatment) / length between AB before heat treatment} × 100
TD direction thermal shrinkage = {(length between CDs before heat treatment−length between CDs after heat treatment) / length between ABs before heat treatment} × 100

[Example 1]
As polyethylene powder, GUR2126 (weight average molecular weight 41.50 million, melting point 141 ° C.) and GRX143 (weight average molecular weight 560,000, melting point 135 ° C.) manufactured by Ticona were used. A polyethylene solution was prepared by dissolving GUR2126 and GURX143 in a mixed solvent of liquid paraffin and decalin such that the polyethylene concentration was 30% by weight so that the ratio was 1: 9 (weight ratio). The composition of the polyethylene solution is polyethylene: liquid paraffin: decalin = 30: 45: 25 (weight ratio). This polyethylene solution was extruded from a die at 148 ° C., cooled in a water bath, and dried at 60 ° C. for 8 minutes and at 95 ° C. for 15 minutes to produce a gel tape (base tape). The base tape was stretched by biaxial stretching, which was sequentially performed with longitudinal stretching and lateral stretching. Here, the longitudinal stretching was 5.5 times, the stretching temperature was 90 ° C., the transverse stretching was 11.0 times the stretching ratio, and the stretching temperature was 105 ° C. After transverse stretching, heat setting was performed at 125 ° C. Next, this was immersed in a methylene chloride bath to extract liquid paraffin and decalin. Then, it dried at 50 degreeC and obtained the polyethylene microporous film by annealing at 120 degreeC. The polyethylene microporous membrane had a thickness of 13 μm and a puncture strength of 379 g.

  Using Conex (registered trademark; manufactured by Teijin Techno Products), which is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide, and α-alumina (manufactured by Showa Denko; AL160SG-3) having an average particle diameter of 0.8 μm as an inorganic filler, The weight ratio of dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and tripropylene glycol (TPG) was 50:50 so that the concentration of meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide was 5.5% by weight. A slurry for coating was obtained by mixing with the mixed solvent.

  The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used for film formation, and a Mayer bar (No. 8 diameter 20 mm, manufactured by Yoshimitsu Seiki Co., Ltd.) was used for the weighing / smoothing jig. The pre-coagulation apparatus shown in FIG. 2 (D) was installed between the two Meyer bars and the coagulation bath. The air gap between the two Meyer bars and the pre-coagulator was 5 cm. The air gap between the pre-coagulation apparatus and the coagulation bath was 7 cm. The clearance between the two Meyer bars was set to 20 μm, and the polyethylene microporous membrane was installed so as to be approximately at the center between the two Meyer bars. Then, the prepared slurry (temperature: 30 ° C.) and coagulation liquid (temperature: 40 ° C.) were put in a predetermined container to prepare for film formation.

After the polyethylene microporous membrane was conveyed and coated at a speed of 10 m / min, the coagulation liquid in which water: DMAc: TPG = 50: 25: 25 was added in the pre-coagulation apparatus at 500 mg / sec · cm ^2. Only the surface of the coating layer was solidified by exposing to a mist atmosphere with a supply amount of about 2 seconds.
This was immersed in a coagulating liquid having a weight ratio of water: DMAc: TPG = 50: 25: 25 and 40 ° C. Next, washing with water and drying were performed to form a porous layer on the front and back of the polyethylene microporous membrane, thereby obtaining a coating membrane. Various data of the obtained separator including the following examples are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[Example 2]
In Example 1, a coating film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyethylene microporous film was conveyed at a speed of 20 m / min.

[Example 3]
In Example 1, a coating film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyethylene microporous film was conveyed at a speed of 30 m / min.

[Example 4]
In Example 1, the coating film was obtained like Example 1 except the point which did not use an inorganic filler for a slurry.

[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, a coating film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pre-coagulation apparatus was removed and the exposure process into mist was not performed.

[Comparative Example 2]
In Example 2, a coating film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the pre-coagulation apparatus was removed and the exposure process into mist was not performed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Base film 2 ... Coating part 3 ... Pre-solidification part 4 ... Complete solidification part 21 ... Coating liquid 22 ... Coating bath 23 ... Meyer bar 31 ... Drying chamber 32 ... Drying means 33 ... Heating chamber 34 ... Heating means 35 ... Shower room 36 ... Shower means 37 ... Exposure room 38 ... Atomizing means 41 ... Coagulating liquid 42 ... Coagulating bath

Claims (5)

A separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery in which a porous coating layer containing an organic polymer compound is laminated on one side or both sides of a base film,
There is no aggregate having a maximum diameter of 300 μm or more composed of the constituent of the coating layer per 1 m ^{2 of the} surface of the separator, and a maximum diameter of 5 μm or more and 300 μm consisting of the constituent of the coating layer. A separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery, wherein less than 5 aggregates are present.   The separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer contains an inorganic filler. The separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein there are 20 or more aggregates having a maximum diameter of 0.5 µm or more and less than 5 µm on the surface of the coating layer 400 µm ² . The line having a width of 0.05 to 1 mm and a length of 1 cm or more due to the aggregate is 5 or less per 1 m ^{2 of the} surface area of the separator. Separator for non-aqueous secondary battery.   A non-aqueous secondary battery that obtains an electromotive force by doping or dedoping lithium, wherein the non-aqueous secondary battery separator according to claim 1 is used. .

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