JP2010142682A - Slag jaw crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slag jaw crusher which enables detecting of its installed position inside a container from the outside, with regard to the detection of the position of the slag jaw crusher installed inside the container which makes it difficult to grasp the internal operating state of the slag jaw crusher from the outside. <P>SOLUTION: This slag jaw crusher 10A is of such a construction that serrated plates 12L and 12R installed inside the container 1A are actuated to crush massive slag inside the container 1A by a snapping action. In addition, the slag jaw crusher 10A includes an acoustic sensor 20 capable of transmitting and receiving supersonics, arranged on the wall surface of the container 1A, and also, a crusher position detector 30 capable of detecting the position of the serrated plates 12L and 12R by the condition of transmitting/receiving the supersonics of the acoustic sensor 20. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a sandwiching slag crusher applied to, for example, a coal gasification furnace, and more particularly to a sandwiching slag crusher equipped with a position detection device for a slag crusher.

A coal gasification furnace is an apparatus for producing a combustible gas (CO, H ₂ ) by advancing a gasification reaction in a pressure vessel. In such a combustible gas production process, the ash content in the coal adheres to the furnace wall or falls to the furnace bottom of the combustor.
The slag that has fallen to the furnace bottom of the combustor is discharged downward from the slag discharge port while being melted by the high temperature of the combustor. Since this molten slag falls to a slag hopper filled with cooling water and cools and solidifies, it is known to install a slag crusher sandwiched in a coal gasification furnace in order to crush the large mass of solidified slag. Yes. (For example, see Patent Document 1)

FIG. 6 shows an outline of the sandwiching slag crusher installed in the coal gasification furnace.
The sandwiched slag crusher (hereinafter referred to as “crusher”) 10 shown in the figure is an apparatus that sandwiches and crushes a large lump of slag solidified in the cooling water 2 of the coal gasification furnace 1 from both sides in the horizontal direction. The crusher 10 is installed inside the coal gasification furnace 1 and includes a pair of left and right tooth plates (slag crushers) 12 that operate in a horizontal direction by a hydraulic cylinder 11.
The slag lump (not shown) to be crushed by the crusher 10 is obtained by solidifying molten slag and accumulating on the mesh 3. After being sandwiched and pulverized by the tooth plate 12 from the left and right, the slag lump is pulverized more finely than the mesh 3. Slag discharged from the crushing slag discharge port 4 at the lower part of the gasification furnace is discharged outside the furnace.

JP-A-7-247484

However, since the conventional crusher 10 described above is installed inside a coal gasification furnace that is a pressure vessel, the following problems have been pointed out.
1) Since the crusher 10 has entered the pressure vessel, the operating status of the tooth plate 12 and the like cannot be visually confirmed from the outside.
2) Since the cooling water 2 in the pressure vessel is often turbid, it is difficult to optically monitor the operating status of the tooth plate 12 and the like.
3) Since the crusher 10 has entered the pressure vessel, the operation status of the crusher 10 can be confirmed only from the hydraulic state to the hydraulic cylinder 11 from the outside. It is difficult to read.
4) Since the stick and trip of the crusher 10 greatly affect the stable discharge of slag, the influence on the operation of the plant is also great.

Against this background, a slag crusher is installed in a pressure slag crusher that is installed in a pressure vessel such as a coal gasification furnace or in a vessel where the inside cannot be seen and the operation status is difficult to grasp from the outside of the vessel. Development of a sandwiching slag crusher equipped with a position detection device that can detect an operation state such as a position from the outside of the container is desired.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object of the present invention is a sandwiching slag crusher installed in a container such as a pressure container or the like where it is difficult to grasp the operation status from the outside of the container. The object of the present invention is to provide a sandwiching slag crusher capable of detecting the position of the slag crusher from the outside of the container.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
The sandwiching slag crusher according to the present invention is a sandwiching slag crusher in which a slag crusher installed in a container operates and sandwiches and crushes the object to be shredded inside the container. An acoustic sensor for performing a wave is provided, and crusher position detecting means for detecting the position of the slag crusher from the transmission / reception state of the acoustic sensor is provided.

  According to such a sandwiching slag crusher, an acoustic sensor that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves is provided on the wall surface of the container, and crusher position detection means that detects the position of the slag crusher from the transmission and reception status of the acoustic sensor is provided. Therefore, it is possible to easily grasp the slag crusher position (operation state) inside the container that cannot be visually observed from outside the container.

  In the above invention, the crusher position detecting means includes an acoustic sensor that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves between the opposing wall surfaces of the container, and moves horizontally inside the container for each slag crusher that sandwiches the object to be crushed. It is preferable to detect the operating position from the presence / absence of a transmission / reception wave by the acoustic sensor, so that when there is a transmission wave reception, it is determined that the slag crusher is in the standby position, and when there is no transmission wave reception. It can be determined that the slag crusher is in the operating position. The slag crusher moves between the standby position where the left and right crushers are most open in the horizontal direction and the crushing position where the left and right crushers approach the horizontal direction to sandwich the object to be crushed. The operating position is a standby position and a crushing position.

  In the above invention, the crusher position detection means includes an acoustic sensor that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves by reflecting the opposing wall surface of the container or the slag crusher, and moves the inside of the container horizontally to move the object to be crushed. For each of the pair of left and right slag crushers to be sandwiched, it is preferable to detect the operation position from fluctuations in the reception time, so that the reception can be confirmed or the reception position of the slag crusher is long when the reception time is long. It can be determined that if the received wave cannot be confirmed or the received time is short, it is determined that the slag crusher is in the operating position.

  In the above invention, the crusher position detecting means includes an acoustic sensor that transmits and receives an ultrasonic wave by being reflected on an operation direction surface of the slag crusher, and horizontally moves inside the container to sandwich the object to be crushed. For each pair of the slag crushers, it is preferable to detect the operating position from fluctuations in the reception time, so that if the reception time is short, it is determined that the slag crusher is in the standby position and the reception time is long. In this case, it can be determined that the slag crusher is in the operating position.

  In the above invention, the slag crusher position detecting means detects an operation time required to reach a predetermined crushing position from a predetermined standby position, and determines that the apparatus is abnormal when the operation time is a predetermined value or more. Thus, it is possible to grasp the operating status of the slag crusher, the maintenance time of the apparatus, and the like.

According to the present invention described above, for example, a slag crusher position inside a container that cannot be seen from the outside, such as a sandwiching slag crusher installed in a coal gasification furnace, that is, between a standby position and a crushing position. The operating status of the moving slag crusher can be reliably grasped from the status of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves.
In addition, since the maintenance time can be grasped from the operation status and operation status of the sandwiching slag crusher, the occurrence of sticks and trips can be prevented or suppressed, so that a remarkable effect that the apparatus can be stably operated can be obtained.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a sandwiching slag crusher according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<First Embodiment>
A sandwiching slag crusher (hereinafter referred to as “crusher”) 10 </ b> A shown in FIG. 1 is an apparatus that is installed in a container and crushes an object to be crushed from both sides in the horizontal direction. In other words, the crusher 10A is installed in a container 1A that cannot be seen from the outside (including a non-pressure container such as a steel container that cannot be seen inside), such as a pressure vessel such as a coal gasifier. The left and right pair of tooth plates (slag crushers) 12L and 12R operate to sandwich a large mass of slag solidified in the cooling water inside the container from both the left and right sides and finely pulverize.

  The pair of left and right tooth plates 12L and 12R includes an actuator such as a hydraulic cylinder (not shown). The left and right tooth plates 12L and 12R are in the horizontal position, and the left and right tooth plates 12L and 12R are in the horizontal direction. And move between the crushing positions that sandwich the large slag block. Therefore, the tooth plates 12L and 12R reciprocate the operating position set between the standby position and the crushing position.

Such a crusher 10A includes an acoustic sensor 20 that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves on the wall surface of the container 1A, and the operation positions of the tooth plates 12L and 12R are determined based on the ultrasonic transmission and reception status of the acoustic sensor 20. A crusher position detection device (hereinafter referred to as “position detection device”) 30 for detection is provided.
The position detection device 30 of the present embodiment includes an acoustic sensor 20 that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves between opposing wall surfaces 1a and 1b of the container 1A, and a tooth plate that horizontally moves inside the container 1A and sandwiches a large lump of slag. For each of 12L and 12R, the operation position is detected from the presence / absence of transmission / reception by the acoustic sensor 20.

  In the illustrated configuration example, a total of four sets of acoustic sensors 20 are installed in the operation direction of the tooth plates 12L and 12R. Each acoustic sensor 20 is connected to the signal processing device 31, and is configured such that the reception unit R receives the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transmission unit T and inputs them to the signal processing device 31. In this case, the transmitter T and the receiver R of the container 1A are opposed to each other in the direction perpendicular to the operation direction in which the tooth plates 12L and 12R reciprocate, that is, in the direction orthogonal to the operation direction in which the flattening operation is performed in the horizontal direction. It is attached to opposing wall surfaces 1a and 1b.

In the following description, transmission units R1, R2, R3, R4 and reception units T1, T2, T3, T4 connected to the signal processing device 31 are installed in order from the tooth plate 12L side to the tooth plate 12R side. By determining whether or not the reception unit R1 has received the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the unit R1, the signal processing device 31 detects the transmission / reception state of the acoustic sensor 20 configured by the transmission unit R1 and the reception unit T1. be able to.
Similarly, it is determined whether the receiving unit R2 has received the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmitting unit R2, determines whether the receiving unit R3 has received the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmitting unit R3, and The signal processing device 31 can detect the wave transmission / reception status of each acoustic sensor 20 by determining whether the reception unit R4 has received the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the determination transmission unit R4.

The transmission unit R1 and the reception unit T1 described above are arranged at positions slightly on the operation direction side from the standby position of the tooth plate 12L. Therefore, when the tooth plate 12L is at the predetermined standby position, the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmission unit R1 reaches the reception unit T1 and is received without being interrupted by the tooth plate 12L.
Moreover, the transmission part R2 and the reception part T2 described above are arranged at positions slightly retracted from the crushing position of the tooth plate 12L to the opposite side in the operation direction. Therefore, when the tooth plate 12L is at a predetermined crushing position, the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmission unit R2 hits the tooth plate 12L and is prevented from reaching the reception unit T2.

Similarly, the transmission unit R3 and the reception unit T3 described above are disposed at positions slightly retracted from the crushing position of the tooth plate 12R to the opposite side in the operation direction. Therefore, when the tooth plate 12R is at the predetermined crushing position, the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmission unit R3 does not reach the reception unit T3 because it hits the tooth plate 12R and is blocked.
Further, the transmission unit R4 and the reception unit T4 described above are arranged at positions slightly on the operation direction side from the standby position of the tooth plate 12R. Accordingly, when the tooth plate 12R is at the predetermined standby position, the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmission unit R4 reaches the reception unit T4 and is received without being interrupted by the tooth plate 12R.

As described above, the position detection 30 of the present embodiment includes the acoustic sensor 20 that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves between the opposing wall surfaces 1a and 1b of the container 1A, and is a tooth that horizontally moves inside the container and sandwiches a large lump of slag. Since the operation position is detected for each of the plates 12L and 12R based on the presence / absence of transmission / reception by the acoustic sensor 20, as shown in FIG. When it is detected that the tooth plates 12L and 12R are received, it can be determined that the tooth plates 12L and 12R are in the normal standby position.
And as shown in FIG.1 (b), when the signal processing apparatus 30 detects that there is no reception of a transmission wave with all the acoustic sensors 20, toothplate 12L, 12R operate | moves normally, and a crushing position Can be determined to have reached.

  Such ultrasonic wave transmission / reception can be performed by installing the acoustic sensor 20 inside a container even in a steel plate container or the like whose interior cannot be visually observed. And it is difficult to detect the tooth plate 12L, 12R position by the acoustic sensor 20 and grasp the operating state because the liquid (cooling water, etc.) in the container is turbid. It is fully applicable even in any situation.

By the way, the position detection device 30 described above detects an arrival time (operation time) t required to reach a predetermined crushing position from a predetermined standby position, and if this arrival time t is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, an apparatus abnormality is detected. It is desirable to judge.
More specifically, the arrival time t until the tooth plates 12L and 12R in the standby position start operating and reach the crushing position is detected, that is, the ultrasonic reception of the receiving units T2 and T3 from the start of operation is performed. When the arrival time t until the tooth plates 12L and 12R that have reached the crushing position are not cut off is detected, and this arrival time t exceeds a predetermined value (abnormality detection threshold) t1, the operating status of the crusher 10A And maintenance time.
The arrival time t from the standby position to the predetermined crushing position may be based on the start of operation of the tooth plates 12L, 12R, or the tooth on which ultrasonic reception of the receiving units T1, T4 has started operation. The point of time when the plates 12L and 12R are not cut off may be used as a reference.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, if the arrival time t gradually exceeds a predetermined value t1 in a situation where the number of operations N of the crusher 10A is increased, it can be determined that the crusher 10A is in a stick tendency. In such a situation, it is desirable to immediately carry out maintenance of the crusher 10A.
Regardless of the number of operations N of the crusher 10A, if the arrival time t is abnormally longer than a predetermined value or if the arrival time t cannot be detected, the crusher 10A is in a trip or just before the trip. Because it can be judged, it is desirable to stop operation immediately and carry out inspections and repairs.
The arrival time t from the standby position to the predetermined crushing position may be based on the start of operation of the tooth plates 12L, 12R, or the tooth on which ultrasonic reception of the receiving units T1, T4 has started operation. The point of time when the plates 12L and 12R are not cut off may be used as a reference.

<Second Embodiment>
Next, a second embodiment of the sandwiching slag crusher according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part similar to embodiment mentioned above, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
In this embodiment, the position detection device 30A of the crusher 10B includes an acoustic sensor 20A that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves by reflecting the opposing wall surface of the container 1A or the tooth plates 12L and 12R. The acoustic sensor 20 </ b> A in this case has a configuration in which the transmission unit T and the reception unit R are integrated, unlike the acoustic sensor 20 of the above-described embodiment. The integration in this case includes a configuration in which the transmission unit and the reception unit R are adjacent to each other.

Such an acoustic sensor 20A is similar to the above-described embodiment in the operation direction in which the tooth plates 12L and 12R reciprocate with respect to either one of the opposing wall surfaces 1a and 1b (the opposing wall surface 1b in the illustrated example). Four are arranged at the position. Each acoustic sensor 20A is connected to the signal processing device 31 as in the above-described embodiment.
The acoustic sensor 20A arranged in this way can detect the operating position from the fluctuation of the reception time for each of the pair of left and right tooth plates 12L and 12R that horizontally move inside the container 1A and sandwich the large lump of slag. Is possible. That is, when the tooth plates 12L and 12R are in the standby position, as shown in FIG. 3A, the acoustic sensor 20A receives the ultrasonic waves reflected on the opposing wall surface 1a, and therefore receives the signals according to the distance. The time will be longer.
Further, when the tooth plates 12L and 12R are in the crushing position, as shown in FIG. 3B, the acoustic sensor 20A receives the ultrasonic waves reflected on the side surfaces of the tooth plates 12L and 12R. The reception time is shortened accordingly.

Further, in the method of monitoring the reception time, it is possible to prevent erroneous detection due to foreign matters other than the tooth plates 12L and 12R and improve detection accuracy. That is, when the tooth plates 12L and 12R are in the normal standby position or crushing position, the distance to the surface where the ultrasonic waves are reflected is known in advance, so that the reception time can also be calculated in advance.
Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, in the reception time T on the horizontal axis, it is possible to determine that the region of the time T <b> 1 to T <b> 2 is an ultrasonic wave reflected from a foreign object. Here, the region where the time T is equal to or less than T1 is a time region where the received wave in a state where the tooth plates 12L and 12R are in the crushing position can be confirmed, and the region where the time T is equal to or greater than T2 is the tooth plate 12L. , 12R is a time region in which a received wave in a state where it is in the standby position can be confirmed.
In this embodiment as well, as in the above-described embodiment, the arrival time (operation time) t required to reach the predetermined crushing position from the predetermined standby position based on the change in the reception time in the acoustic sensor 20A. When the arrival time t is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, it can be determined that the apparatus is abnormal.

<Third Embodiment>
Next, a third embodiment of the sandwiching slag crusher according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part similar to embodiment mentioned above, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
In this embodiment, the position detection device 30B of the crusher 10C includes a pair of left and right acoustic sensors 20B for each of the tooth plates 12L and 12R that horizontally move inside the container 1A and sandwich a large lump of slag. The acoustic sensor 20B is substantially the same as the acoustic sensor 20A described above, and is installed so as to reflect and transmit ultrasonic waves to the operation direction surfaces of the tooth plates 12L and 12R. That is, there is a difference in the installation position and reception time detection of the acoustic sensor 20B from the second embodiment. In the illustrated configuration example, the acoustic sensor 20B is opposite to the crushing surface in the operation direction surface of the tooth plates 12L and 12R. An ultrasonic wave is transmitted toward the rear surface 12a on the side, and the reception time is detected by receiving the reflected wave. In this embodiment, detection with the left and right pair and fewer acoustic sensors 20B is possible.

By the way, when there is cooling water inside the container 1A, if the sound speed of the water is known in advance, the operation of the tooth plates 12L and 12R from the reception time of the ultrasonic waves reflected by the arithmetic processing in the signal processing device 31. The distance can be obtained. In this case, since the reflected ultrasonic waves reciprocate the distance to the rear surface 12a, the reception time Ta (s) at the time of calculation is used as 1/2, and the positions of the tooth plates 12L and 12R, that is, the distance to the rear surface 12a. The distance L (m) is calculated by the following distance calculation formula.
Distance calculation formula: L = 1500 × Ta / 2
Here, 1500 is the underwater sound velocity (m / s).

Even in such a configuration, since the distance to the rear surface 12a that is separated from the acoustic sensor 20B is different at the standby position and the crushing position, the reception time of the reflected ultrasonic waves varies depending on the operating positions of the tooth plates 12L and 12R. . Therefore, the operating positions of the tooth plates 12L and 12R can be detected from such fluctuations in the reception time. Specifically, when the reception time is short, it is determined that the tooth plates 12L and 12R are in the standby position. When the reception time is long, it can be determined that the tooth plates 12L and 12R are in the operating position.
In this embodiment, similarly to the above-described embodiment, the arrival time (operation time) t required to reach the predetermined crushing position from the predetermined standby position based on the change in the reception time in the acoustic sensor 20B. When the arrival time t is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, it can be determined that the apparatus is abnormal.

Thus, according to the present invention described above, the crusher positions of the crushers 10A, 10B, and 10C inside the container that cannot be visually observed from the outside as in the case of being installed in the coal gasification furnace 1, for example, The operating state of the tooth plates 12L and 12R moving between the standby position and the crushing position can be reliably grasped based on the state of transmission / reception of ultrasonic waves (the presence / absence of transmission / reception waves and fluctuations in reception time).
Further, since the maintenance time can be grasped from the operation status and operation status of the crushers 10A, 10B, and 10C to prevent or suppress the occurrence of sticks and trips, the apparatus can be operated stably.

The above-described crushers 10A, 10B, and 10C of the present invention are particularly suitable as a device that is installed inside the coal gasification furnace 1 and crushes a large lump of slag solidified inside the cooling water 2.
In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, In the range which does not deviate from the summary, it can change suitably.

It is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment which concerns on the pinching slag apparatus of this invention, (a) is a top view which shows the state which has a toothplate in a standby position, (b) is a plane which shows the state in which a toothplate is in a crushing position FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between pinch | slag slag crusher operation frequency (N) and arrival time (t). It is a figure which shows 2nd Embodiment which concerns on the pinching slag apparatus of this invention, (a) is a top view which shows the state which has a toothplate in a standby position, (b) is a plane which shows the state in which a toothplate is in a crushing position FIG. It is explanatory drawing at the time of the foreign material detection which shows the relationship between reception time (T) and an amplitude. It is a top view which shows 3rd Embodiment which concerns on the pinching slag apparatus of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional structure of the pinching slag crusher installed in the coal gasification furnace.

Explanation of symbols

1A container 10A, 10B, 10C sandwiching slag crusher 12L, 12R tooth plate (slag crusher)
20, 20A, 20B Acoustic sensor 30, 30A, 30B Crusher position detection device

Claims (5)

In the sandwiching slag crusher that operates the slag crusher installed in the container and sandwiches and crushes the object to be crushed inside the container,
A sandwiching slag crusher comprising an acoustic sensor for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves on the wall surface of the container, and crusher position detecting means for detecting a position of the slag crusher from a transmission / reception state of the acoustic sensor. .   The crusher position detecting means includes an acoustic sensor that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves between the opposing wall surfaces of the container, and for each slag crusher that horizontally moves inside the container and sandwiches the object to be crushed, 2. The sandwiched slag crusher according to claim 1, wherein the operation position is detected from presence / absence of transmission / reception waves.   The crusher position detecting means includes an acoustic sensor that transmits and receives an ultrasonic wave by reflecting the opposing wall surface of the container or the slag crusher, and horizontally moves the inside of the container to sandwich the object to be crushed. 2. The sandwiched slag crusher according to claim 1, wherein the operation position is detected for each slag crusher from fluctuations in reception time.   The crusher position detecting means includes an acoustic sensor that reflects and transmits ultrasonic waves by reflecting on an operation direction surface of the slag crusher, and a pair of left and right slag crushers that horizontally move inside the container and sandwich the object to be crushed. 2. The sandwiched slag crusher according to claim 1, wherein the operation position is detected from the fluctuation of the reception time every time. The crusher position detecting means detects an operation time required to reach a predetermined crushing position from a predetermined standby position, and determines that the apparatus is abnormal when the operation time is a predetermined value or more. The sandwiching slag crusher according to any one of 2 to 4.

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