JP3868153B2 - Slag monitoring device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a slag monitoring device applied to commercial and industrial coal gasification facilities.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional slag monitoring device in a coal gasifier will be described with reference to FIG.
A slag hole 2 is provided below the combustion furnace (coal gasification furnace) 1, and a slag hopper 3 filled with cooling water is provided below the slag hole 2. A slag crusher 5 slidable on the net shelf 4 is disposed opposite to the lower portion (square tube portion) of the slag hopper 3. The TV walls 6a and 6b for monitoring are attached to the furnace wall between the slag hole 2 and the upper part of the slag hopper 3 so as to face the slag hole 2 and the slag hopper 3, and the image signals are sent to the monitor 7 outside the furnace. It has been.
[0003]
Accordingly, the combustion furnace 1 is charged with pulverized coal and char and burns. The ash after combustion accumulates as molten slag at the bottom of the combustion furnace 1 and flows down from the slag hole 2 into the slag hopper 3. The slag hopper 3 is filled with cooling water, and the molten slag that has flowed down is solidified after cooling and discharged from the lower part of the hopper to the outside of the system. At this time, when the fluidity of the molten slag in the slag hole 2 is poor, the molten slag falls to a certain amount and falls onto the slag hopper 3 to form a large slag on the net shelf 4.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in such a coal gasification furnace, it is important to discharge molten slag and large lump slag out of the furnace quickly and reliably. Accordingly, the state of the molten slag discharged from the lower part of the slag hole 2 and the slag hopper 3 is photographed by the monitoring television cameras 6a and 6b and sent to the monitor 7 for display. Looking at this image, the operator judged it visually and actuated the slag crusher 5 to break up the slag. Or the slag crusher 5 was operated continuously.
[0005]
However, such a conventional slag monitoring device has the following problems.
(1) The atmosphere at the bottom of the slag hall may become quite dirty, the visibility of the TV camera is poor, and the slag falling situation cannot be fully grasped.
(2) Since slag hopper water becomes turbid due to slag and unburned char, etc., it is greatly attenuated by the optical method, and it is impossible to grasp the presence or absence of large slag in the slag crusher and the slag accumulation status.
(3) As a result of starting the slag crusher, it cannot be grasped whether the slag has been removed.
(4) When the slag crusher is operated periodically, the number of operations increases during long-term operation, and there is a limit in terms of durability of the hydraulic cylinder.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and can reliably grasp the state of slag discharge, and can effectively operate the slag crusher to improve durability of the slag crusher and reduce power consumption. It aims at providing the slag monitoring apparatus which can be aimed.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The slag monitoring device of the present invention that achieves such an object is the slag monitoring device in a coal gasification furnace, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic transducers are horizontally arranged in parallel in the slag crusher part at the bottom of the slag hopper, It is characterized by detecting the accumulation state of the slag accumulated on the net shelf of the slag crusher unit from the state of the received signal of the container.
[0008]
Further, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is selected as 100 kHz ≦ freq ≦ 1 MHz.
[0009]
Further, the ultrasonic transducer is attached to the uppermost portion of the slag crusher portion above the net shelf.
[0010]
Further, the ultrasonic transducer is attached to the slag crusher portion above the net shelf in a multistage manner.
[0011]
Further, the ultrasonic transducer is provided so as to be movable up and down via a jig having a mechanism for moving up and down in the height direction.
[0012]
In addition, an ultrasonic transducer that is not affected by the attenuation of ultrasonic waves due to the slag is provided separately, and the ultrasonic wave signal transmitted from the ultrasonic receiver is used to detect the ultrasonic wave in real time. It is characterized by determining the influence of sound wave attenuation.
[0013]
Further, the present invention is characterized in that there is provided control means for detecting the slag accumulation state from the state of the reception signal of the ultrasonic transducer and controlling the operation of the slag crusher according to the slag accumulation state.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a slag monitoring device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings by way of examples.
[0015]
[First embodiment]
[Constitution]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring device showing a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram of ultrasonic wave transmission and diffraction attenuation. In FIG. 1, the same members as those in FIG.
[0016]
As shown in the figure, the lower part (square tube part) of the slag hopper 3 in the combustion furnace 1 is located above the net rack 4 where the slag W is captured and deposited (substantially in the height direction of the slag crusher 5 part). A propagation path in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the slag crusher 5 is formed by dividing a horizontal plane into a plurality of (four in the illustrated example), and each of the propagation paths includes a transmitter 10a and a receiver 10b. An ultrasonic transducer (ultrasonic sensor) 10 is assigned (attached). These ultrasonic transducers 10 are connected to a monitoring instrument 12 via a signal amplifier 11.
[0017]
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the ultrasonic wave has a frequency of 1 MHz or less that is not easily affected by scattering and attenuation of sound waves due to mixed char, fine slag, etc., and is on the propagation path. A frequency of 100 kHz or higher is selected so that sufficient diffraction attenuation can be obtained when large slag is present.
[0018]
[Action / Effect]
Since the slag hopper 3 is filled with hopper water that is cooling water, the ultrasonic transducer 10 transmits and receives ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic wave reception signal obtained here is amplified by the signal amplifier 11 and then sent to the monitoring instrument 12. The monitoring instrument 12 detects the presence / absence of large slag as foreign matter and the state of slag accumulation on the net shelf 4 from the state of the received ultrasonic wave reception signal.
[0019]
For example, if the actual shape of the slag W is as shown in the AA ′ measurement cross section, no received signal is input from the three receivers 10b, so that the display screen is AA ′. A circular estimated slag shape Wa as shown in the cross-sectional image is displayed. In such a case, it is actually judged that the large slag is “present”, and the slag crusher 5 is operated to crush the slag W.
[0020]
As described above, in this embodiment, since the ultrasonic wave having a small attenuation is used, unlike the conventional example in which the optical method has a large attenuation and is difficult to monitor, it is possible to sufficiently monitor the slag W. Further, since the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is set to 100 kHz ≦ freq ≦ 1 MHz, the detection error becomes minute.
[0021]
As a result, the slag crusher 5 can be effectively operated according to the presence or absence of large slag and the state of slag accumulation on the net shelf 4. As a result, the number of operations of the slag crusher 5 is reduced (power consumption is reduced) and the durability is improved. The improvement and the effect of the slag crusher 5 can be accurately grasped.
[0022]
[Second Embodiment]
[Constitution]
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring device showing a second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the same members as those in FIG.
[0023]
This embodiment is an example in which the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 10 composed of the transmitter 10a and the receiver 10b in the first embodiment is attached to the uppermost part of the slag crusher 5 part above the net shelf 4, and other configurations Is the same as in the first embodiment.
[0024]
[Action / Effect]
According to this embodiment, in addition to the same operations and effects as in the first embodiment, the number of operations of the slag crusher 5 can be increased by making the ultrasonic wave transmission / reception surface near the maximum dimension that is the slag crusher 5 limit. There is an advantage that the accumulation state of the slag W can be grasped three-dimensionally.
[0025]
[Third embodiment]
[Constitution]
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring apparatus showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, the same members as those in FIG.
[0026]
This embodiment is an example in which the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 10 composed of the transmitter 10a and the receiver 10b in the first embodiment is attached in a multistage manner (a plurality in the height direction) above the net shelf 4. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0027]
[Action / Effect]
According to this embodiment, in addition to the same operations and effects as in the first embodiment, by attaching a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 10 in the height direction, the general shape grasp of the slag W in three dimensions ( There is an advantage that an estimated slag shape Wa in the figure can be formed.
[0028]
[Fourth embodiment]
[Constitution]
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring apparatus showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the same members as those in FIG.
[0029]
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 10 composed of the transmitter 10a and the receiver 10b in the first embodiment is transmitted via a jig (not shown) having a mechanism for moving up and down in the height direction. This is an example in which the wave generator 10a and the wave receiver 10b are provided so as to be able to move up and down completely in synchronism, and the other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
[0030]
[Action / Effect]
According to this embodiment, a horizontal cross-sectional image at an arbitrary height can be obtained in addition to the same operations and effects as the first embodiment. In addition, there is an advantage that three-dimensional slag shape recognition can be performed with the minimum number of sensors by changing the height a plurality of times and transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves (see the estimated slag shape Wa in the figure).
[0031]
[Fifth embodiment]
[Constitution]
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a slag monitoring device showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the same. 6 and FIG. 7, the same members as those in FIG.
[0032]
In this embodiment, in addition to the ultrasonic wave transmitter / receiver 10 composed of the wave transmitter 10a and the wave receiver 10b in the first embodiment, the slag crusher 5 part which is not affected by the attenuation of ultrasonic waves by the slag at all. In this example, an ultrasonic transducer 20 including a transmitter 20a and a receiver 20b is separately assigned to a propagation path (in the illustrated example, inside the pressure vessel 15 below the slag hopper 3) having the same distance as the propagation path. .
[0033]
The monitoring instrument 12 determines the influence of attenuation of sound waves by water in real time from the state of the ultrasonic wave reception signal sent from the ultrasonic wave transmitter / receiver 20, and determines whether there is a large lump slag. The reference voltage of the wave signal is determined (in other words, the threshold value of the received signal for determining the presence or absence of large slag is changed according to the attenuation characteristics of water), and ultrasonic transmission / reception is performed based on this reference signal. The ultrasonic wave reception signal sent from the vessel 10 is compared to detect the presence or absence of large slag. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0034]
[Action / Effect]
According to this embodiment, in addition to the operation and effect similar to the first embodiment, it becomes possible to consider the influence of ultrasonic attenuation due to water, and it is possible to reduce malfunctions due to ultrasonic attenuation and to reduce slag. There is an advantage that the accuracy of detection can be improved.
[0035]
[Sixth embodiment]
[Constitution]
FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring device showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a large mass slag detection / removal operation of the gasifier control device. In FIG. 8, the same members as those in FIG.
[0036]
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer 10 in the first embodiment is connected to a gasifier control device 13 via a signal amplifier 11 instead of the monitoring instrument 12. The gasifier control device 13 controls the operation of the slag crusher 5 according to the flow chart of the massive slag detection / removal operation shown in FIG. 9 based on the transmitted ultrasonic wave reception signal.
[0037]
That is, at step P1, for example, signals from three quarters (three in the illustrated example) of the ultrasonic transducers 10b (four in the illustrated example) consisting of one stage are received. If approximately three-quarters of the display screen is filled with the estimated slag shape Wa (see FIG. 1), it is detected that large slag is “present”, and then the slag crusher 5 is activated in step P2. This is removed. Thereafter, in step P3, the large chunk slag is detected again, and detection and removal are repeated until no large chunk slag is detected. When the massive slag is completely removed, the removal is stopped in step P4, and then the process waits until the massive slag is detected. However, the detection work is performed continuously.
[0038]
[Action / Effect]
According to this embodiment, large-scale slag can be detected and removed quickly and reliably, and in addition to the same actions and effects as in the first embodiment, the labor of the supervisor can be reduced by the automation of slag removal. There are advantages you can do.
[0039]
In addition, this invention is not limited to said each Example, A various change is possible in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. For example, in the second to fifth embodiments, slag removal may be performed by the same detection system and procedure as in the sixth embodiment. At this time, as in the third embodiment, when the ultrasonic transducers 10 are attached in multiple stages, when the uppermost three-quarters of the display screen are filled with the estimated slag shape Wa, What is necessary is just to detect that there is lump slag.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, the slag monitoring device according to claim 1 of the present invention is a slag monitoring device in a coal gasification furnace, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic transducers are horizontally arranged in parallel in a slag crusher portion below a slag hopper. In addition, it is characterized in that the state of slag accumulated on the net shelf of the slag crusher unit is detected from the state of the received signal of the ultrasonic transducer, so that by using ultrasonic waves with low attenuation, optical Unlike the conventional example, which has a large attenuation and is difficult to monitor with this method, sufficient slag can be monitored. As a result, the slag crusher can be operated effectively according to the presence or absence of large slag and the slag accumulation status. Etc. can be accurately grasped.
[0041]
The slag monitoring device according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is selected to be 100 kHz ≦ freq ≦ 1 MHz, so that the fine slag other than the same function and effect as in claim 1 In addition, there is an advantage that sufficient diffraction attenuation can be obtained and detection error becomes small when there is a large lump slag on the propagation path.
[0042]
The slag monitoring apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that the ultrasonic transducer is attached to the uppermost part of the slag crusher part above the net shelf. In addition, by making the ultrasonic wave transmission / reception surface near the maximum dimension that is the limit of slag crusher slag crushing, the number of operations of slag crusher can be minimized, and the slag accumulation status can be roughly grasped in three dimensions. .
[0043]
The slag monitoring apparatus according to claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that the ultrasonic transducer is attached to the slag crusher portion above the net shelf in a multistage manner. In addition, by attaching a plurality of ultrasonic transducers in the height direction, there is an advantage that the shape of the slag can be grasped in three dimensions.
[0044]
Since the slag monitoring apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention is characterized in that the ultrasonic transducer is provided so as to be movable up and down via a jig having a mechanism that moves up and down in the height direction. In addition to the functions and effects similar to those of the first aspect, a horizontal cross-sectional image at an arbitrary height can be obtained, and a minimum number of sensors can be obtained by changing the height a plurality of times and transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves. Thus, there is an advantage that the slag shape can be grasped in three dimensions.
[0045]
The slag monitoring apparatus according to claim 6 of the present invention is provided with an ultrasonic transducer that is not affected at all by the attenuation of ultrasonic waves by the slag, and an ultrasonic wave received from the ultrasonic receiver. Since it is characterized in that the influence of ultrasonic attenuation due to water in real time is determined from the signal state, the influence of ultrasonic attenuation due to water can be considered in addition to the same actions and effects as in claim 1. Thus, there is an advantage that malfunction due to attenuation of ultrasonic waves can be reduced and accuracy of slag detection can be improved.
[0046]
The slag monitoring device according to claim 7 of the present invention detects the slag accumulation state from the state of the reception signal of the ultrasonic transducer, and controls the operation of the slag crusher according to the slag accumulation state. Since the control means is provided, there is an advantage that the labor of the supervisor can be reduced by automation of slag removal in addition to the same operation and effect as in the first aspect.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram of ultrasonic transmission and diffraction attenuation.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring apparatus showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring apparatus showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a slag monitoring device showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a side view schematically showing the configuration.
FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a slag monitoring device showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the large mass slag detection / removal operation of the gasifier control device.
FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional slag monitoring device.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Combustion furnace 2 Slag hole 3 Slag hopper 4 Net shelf 5 Slag crusher 10 Ultrasonic transducer (ultrasonic sensor)
10a transmitter 10b receiver 11 signal amplifier 12 monitoring instrument 13 gasifier control device 20 ultrasonic transmitter / receiver (ultrasonic sensor)
20a Transmitter 20b Receiver W Slag Wa Estimated slug shape

Claims (7)

In a slag monitoring device in a coal gasification furnace, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers are horizontally arranged in the slag crusher part at the lower part of the slag hopper, and the state of the received signal of the ultrasonic transducer is determined on the net shelf of the slag crusher part. A slag monitoring device that detects the accumulation state of slag accumulated on the surface. 2. The slag monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is selected to be 100 kHz ≦ freq ≦ 1 MHz. The slag monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is attached to an uppermost portion of a slag crusher portion above a net shelf. The slag monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is attached to a slag crusher portion above the net shelf in a multistage manner. The slag monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is provided so as to be movable up and down via a jig having a mechanism for moving up and down in the height direction. An ultrasonic transmitter / receiver that is completely unaffected by the attenuation of ultrasonic waves due to the slag is provided, and the attenuation of ultrasonic waves due to real-time water is determined from the state of the received signal transmitted from the ultrasonic receiver. 6. The slag monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the influence is judged. 2. A control means is provided for detecting a slag accumulation state from a state of a received signal of the ultrasonic transducer, and controlling operation of the slag crusher according to the slag accumulation state. , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

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