JP2010127072A - Rotary blade of wind turbine and wind turbine keeping rotation speed constant - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary blade and wind turbine which keep rotation speed constant even if wind speed changes by making the blade serving as a brake to reduce rotation speed when exceeding a certain rotation speed. <P>SOLUTION: A rotary blade 8 of a wind turbine having a lift type blade at a tip of a blade support arm 10, swingably pivots a blade 12 on the tip of the blade support arm 10 through the medium of a vertical spindle 11 and has between the blade 12 and blade support arm 10, a blade opening/closing control member 15 which allows the blade 12 to swing in response to a load when the certain load or more is applied to the blade 12 during rotation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a wind turbine rotor blade and a wind turbine that keeps the rotation speed constant, and more particularly to a wind turbine rotor blade that can keep the rotation speed constant even when the wind speed changes, and the wind turbine.

Conventionally, the lift type wing of the vertical wind turbine is rotated while being fixed to the wing support arm. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a lift-type wing, but in order to increase the rotational speed by the square of the wind speed, the rotational speed is low at low wind speeds, and high speed and high speed for high speed winds such as typhoons. Since the rotational speed is indicated and the blade is damaged, the countermeasure for controlling the rotational speed is a big issue.
JP 2005-171852 A

The conventional vertical wind turbine rotates with the lifting wings fixed to the wing support arm, so it rotates at a low speed when the wind speed is low, and rotates at a high speed when the high speed wind blows. Yes. Therefore, when a strong wind blows, the wing may break or the wing support arm may break.
There is also a device that applies a brake by measuring the wind speed. However, since the wind speed changes momentarily, the brake is less likely to react mechanically to the change, and the blades break.
The present invention provides a wind turbine rotor blade and a wind turbine which, when exceeding a certain rotational speed, cause the blade itself to act as a brake to reduce the rotational speed and maintain the rotational speed constant even when the wind speed changes. The purpose is that.

  The specific contents of the present invention are as follows.

  (1) In a wind turbine rotor blade having a lift-type blade attached to the tip of the blade support arm, the blade is pivotally attached to the tip of the blade support arm via a vertical support shaft. A rotor blade of a windmill in which a blade opening / closing control member is provided between the blade and the blade support arm, which allows the blade to swing in accordance with the load when a certain load or more is applied to the blade during rotation.

  (2) The wing support arm is provided with a vertical support shaft for pivotally attaching a swinging wing to a front portion at the time of rotation at the tip, and pivotally attached to the front portion at the time of rotation of the wing. ) The rotor blades of the windmill described in).

  (3) The wing support arm is formed with a bifurcated bearing arm at the front portion at the tip portion, and the upper and lower shafts of the wing via a vertical support shaft. The rotor blade of the windmill described in the above (1), wherein the part is pivotally attached.

  (4) The wing support arm is formed in a cross-sectional airfoil having a thick front portion during rotation, a hollow storage portion is formed in the rear portion during rotation, and the blade opening / closing control member is provided in the storage portion. The rotor blade of the windmill described in (1) above.

  (5) The blade support arm is formed in a cross-sectional airfoil having a thick front portion and a thin rear portion at the time of rotation, and the flat surface is formed with a wider width at the tip than at the width of the base. The rotor blade of the windmill described in (1) above.

  (6) The wind turbine rotor blade according to (1), wherein the blade support arm is formed integrally with a rotating body fixed to the longitudinal main shaft of the wind turbine.

  (7) The rotor blade of the wind turbine according to (1), wherein the blade opening / closing control member is a ridge that pulls the blade toward the blade support arm with a constant force.

  (8) The rotor blade of the wind turbine according to (1), wherein the blade opening / closing control member is a fluid pressure cylinder that pulls the blade toward the blade support arm with a constant force.

  (9) The rotor blade of the windmill described in (1), wherein the blade includes a plurality of weight adjusting portions formed in a vertical direction on a side surface.

  (10) In the wing, the wing base is formed of a foamed resin material, the fiber layer is formed on the surface of the wing base, the protective layer is formed on the surface thereof, and is integrally formed with the shaft portion made of a hard material. The rotor blade of a windmill described in (1) above, wherein a bone body is formed integrally with the blade base.

  (11) In a rotor blade of a wind turbine in which a lift type wing is attached to the tip of a wing support arm, the wing is pivotally attached to the tip of the wing support arm via a vertical support shaft. Between the blade support arms, a rotating blade with a blade opening / closing control member that allows the blade to swing according to the load when a certain load or more is applied to the blade when rotating is used as the vertical main shaft. A fixed windmill that maintains a constant rotational speed.

  The present invention has the following effects.

(1) When the rotating blade of the windmill of the invention described in (1) is rotating, the rotational speed is increased by the high-speed wind, and accordingly, when the wind pressure and centrifugal force exceeding a certain level are applied to the blade, The wing begins to swing around the support shaft against the traction force of the wing opening / closing control member. When the wing swings, the rotational performance is reduced due to the basic setting of the lift type wing, and the speed is reduced.
Further, since a part of the wing protrudes in the centrifugal direction, a resistance to the rotation direction is generated and a braking action is generated, so that braking is applied so that the rotation speed does not increase.
When the wind speed is reduced, the centrifugal force accompanying the rotation is also reduced, so that the blades are restored to their position toward the blade support arm by the traction force of the blade opening / closing control member. In this way, the blades change the width of the swing in accordance with the change in the wind speed, and the overspeed of the windmill is controlled without exceeding a certain number of rotations.
Since the rotation speed of the blade is kept constant with respect to the change in the wind speed, stable power generation without spots can be achieved.

  (2) Since the rotor blade of the windmill according to the invention described in (2) has a support shaft at the front part of the blade during rotation, the rear part of the blade protrudes in the centrifugal direction during rotation of the blade. Therefore, the wind pressure in the rotation direction is applied to the outer surface of the blade, causing a braking action and being decelerated, and the blade is hardly damaged.

  (3) Since the rotor blade of the windmill of the invention described in (3) is supported by the bifurcated bearing arm at the tip of the blade support arm, even if the blade receives strong wind pressure, Stable wind pressure is applied to the wing, making it difficult to break.

  (4) Since the blade opening / closing control member of the wind turbine rotor according to the invention described in (4) is housed in the rear portion of the blade support arm during rotation, even if a large blade opening / closing control member is used, Insensitive to wind pressure.

  (5) Since the rotor blade of the wind turbine according to the invention described in (5) has a width in the plane of the blade support arm that is wider at the tip than at the base, it is detached from the rear of the blade support arm during rotation. Thus, a high-speed negative-pressure airflow passes inward, and as a result, the normal-pressure airflow that flows in the opposite direction pushes the inner surface of the wing outward and increases the rotational force.

  (6) The rotor blade of the windmill according to the invention described in (6) above is excellent in strength because the blade support arm is formed continuously and integrally with the rotor.

  (7) Since the blade opening / closing control member of the rotor blade according to the invention described in (7) is formed with a ridge, the tractive force corresponding to the centrifugal force can be accurately set and adjusted.

  (8) Since the blade opening / closing control member of the invention described in (8) is a fluid pressure cylinder, the swing angle of the blade can be accurately controlled even in a large rotor blade. it can.

  (9) Since the rotating blade of the wind turbine according to the invention described in (9) has a plurality of weight adjusting portions formed on the side surface of the blade, a weight is added to correspond to the centrifugal force, Swing can work well.

  (10) In the rotor blade of the windmill according to the invention described in (10), since the blade base of the blade is formed of a foamed resin and covered with a fiber layer, the blade can be formed lightweight and rigid. Also excellent.

(11) In the windmill of the invention described in (11), when the blade rotates at high speed by the high-speed wind, centrifugal force acts on the blade, and the blade swings against the traction force of the blade opening / closing control member.
As a result, the rotational performance of the wing is impaired, and the outer surface of the wing receives a resistance of wind pressure to cause a braking action. Therefore, the rotational speed is reduced, and thus over-rotation is suppressed.
When the wind speed decreases, the centrifugal force also decreases, so that the blades are restored in position by the contraction and traction force of the blade opening / closing control member. For this reason, the swing width of the blade is changed by the change of the wind speed, and as a result, the rotational speed of the blade can be kept constant.

    In the rotor blade of the windmill, the blade is swingably attached to the tip of the blade support arm.

  A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a windmill that maintains a constant rotational speed (hereinafter simply referred to as a windmill), FIG. 2 is a plan view of a rotary blade with blades of AA cross section in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a top view which shows the state which swung.

  In the drawing, a windmill 1 has a windmill casing 3 supported on a windmill support 2, and a vertical main shaft 4 is rotatably supported by the windmill casing 3. Reference numeral 5 is a support, 6 is a bearing, 7 is a power generation coil, and 14 is a cap. From the power generating coil 7, a cord (not shown) passes through the wind turbine support 2 and extends downward to be connected to a storage battery or the like.

A rotating body 9 of a rotary blade 8 is fixed to the upper part of the vertical main shaft 4. The rotary blade 8 is configured integrally by combining the rotary body 9, the blade support arm 10, and the blade 12.
A plurality (two in the figure) of blade support arms 10 are fixed symmetrically on the side of the rotating body 9 in the horizontal radial direction.

  A shaft portion 12a of a lift-type wing 12 is pivotally attached to the tip portion of the wing support arm 10 via a vertical support shaft 11, and the wing 12 is mounted so as to be swingable in the horizontal direction. Reference numeral 12 b is an inclined portion in which the tip of the blade 12 is inclined in the direction of the rotating body 9. The inclined portion 12b has an effect of increasing the rotational force by suppressing the wind flow diffused toward the blade tip on the inner surface of the blade.

  In FIG. 1, the upper portion of the rotating body 9 is formed in a deep bowl-like container shape having a flat bottom, and a magnet 13 is annularly arranged inside the rotating body 9 so as to correspond to the power generating coil 7. That is, the magnetic lines of force of the magnet 13 act on the power generating coil 7, and the magnetic line acting on the power generating coil 7 is intermittently divided by rotating the magnet 13 together with the rotating body 9. An electric current is generated and power is generated.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a storage portion 10a is formed in the cavity at the tip of the blade support arm 10 of the rotary blade 8 and at the rear of the blade during rotation. A wing opening / closing control member 15 made of a spring is disposed in the storage portion 10 a, a base portion thereof is fixed to the wing support arm 10 so that the length thereof can be adjusted, and a tip portion is connected to a pulling portion 12 c of the wing 12. Yes.

The blade opening / closing control member 15 can withstand a certain load due to wind pressure and centrifugal force applied to the blade 12. When a load exceeding the certain load is applied to the blade 12, the blade opening / closing control member 15 moves in the centrifugal direction according to the load. It has the effect | action which makes the wing | wing 12 swing, and the form may be what.
For the staking, a coil spring, a mustache spring, a leaf spring, etc. can be used in a conventional manner. Further, fluid pressure by a fluid cylinder or the like, or a feed screw rod whose rotation is controlled by a servo motor can be used.

  When the wind turbine 1 is rotated, if a strong wind pressure and centrifugal force load exceeding the traction force of the blade opening / closing control member 15 is applied to the blade 12, the rear portion of the blade 12 is rotated as shown in FIG. It can swing in the centrifugal direction against 15 contraction traction forces.

  When the wind speed weakens and the centrifugal force decreases, the blade 12 reduces the swing angle corresponding to the traction force of the blade opening / closing control member 15. Reference numeral 10b in FIG. 3 is an opening / closing door of the storage portion 10a in which the blade opening / closing control member 15 is disposed. The opening / closing door 10b can be opened to perform operations such as adjusting the strength of the inner blade opening / closing control member 15.

  As the wind speed increases or decreases, the centrifugal force applied to the blade 12 also increases and decreases, and the swing width of the blade 12 changes. The more the rear part of the blade 12 rotates, the more it protrudes in the centrifugal direction, the lower the rotational performance of the lift-type blade, and the wind pressure resistance that accompanies the rotation is applied to the outer surface of the blade 12 so that braking action occurs. Thus, the rotational speed of the windmill 1 decreases.

Therefore, even if there is a change in the wind speed, if the rotational speed is increased by high-speed wind, the blade 12 causes a braking action and controls the rotational speed of the blade 12, so that the rotational speed of the windmill is maintained within a certain range. .
Even if high-speed wind is applied, if the rotational speed of the rotary blade 8 does not increase, a load due to the centrifugal force applied to the blade 12 is not excessively applied, and the blade 12 is prevented from being broken by the high-speed wind. In addition, damage such as heating of the generator due to over-rotation and shaking of the windmill 1 is prevented.

  In FIG. 1, when the windmill 1 rotates, the blades 12 are not damaged at a normal wind speed. Wind power generation is said to be unprofitable unless winds with a wind speed of 4 m / s blow for more than 2000 hours per year. Wind with a wind speed of 4 m / s is a state in which twigs and leaves of trees constantly move.

  At wind speeds of 11 m / s to 13 m / s, the tree branches move, the electric wires beat and the umbrella becomes difficult to put in. Many common wind power generators display ratings at a wind speed of 13 m / s. However, since such wind speeds are not high throughout the year, wind generators based on this rating are not practical. This means that a wind turbine capable of generating power efficiently even at low wind speeds is required, but the present wind turbine can generate power efficiently even at low wind speeds of 4 m / s or less.

If the wind speed exceeds 14 m / s, people cannot walk toward the wind. Cars roll and become difficult to drive. The greenhouse starts to break.
When the wind speed reaches 20 m / s to 24 m / s, the person falls down, the steel shutter is broken, a so-called windstorm occurs, the signboard is blown, or the block fence is broken.

Therefore, the blades of the windmill are designed to have rigidity (wind pressure 32 kgf / m ² ) that can withstand wind speeds up to 24 m / s, but the wind speed is constantly strong and the instantaneous wind speed is 1.5 times the average value. Since there is a possibility that the blade 1 will be broken by receiving a wind speed exceeding the design prediction.

From such a situation, the windmill 1 of the present invention can efficiently generate power at a wind speed of 10 m / s or less, can withstand a certain load, for example, a wind speed of 20 m / s (wind pressure 20 kgf / m ² ), When a load exceeding that is applied to the wing 12, the wing 12 swings naturally, and the rotation performance of the wing is reduced by itself, and the rotation speed is reduced by the braking action.

Since the swing width of the blade 12 corresponds to the wind speed, the brake is applied when the rotational speed increases, and the rotational speed of the windmill 1 is maintained within a certain number of ranges even when high speed wind is encountered.
The constant load value is not limited to the above, and is set according to the individual windmill from the rigidity, form, etc. of the individual windmill.

  Damage to wind turbine blades caused by high-speed wind is mainly caused by over-rotation. Since the centrifugal force is applied to the blade due to the excessive rotation, the fragile portion of the blade 12 is destroyed by applying a total load of wind pressure and centrifugal force to a portion of the blade 12. If the wing is stopped, the wind will pass along the surface shape of the wing 12. If the rotation is moderate, the load applied to the wing 12 is temporary, so that it is unlikely to receive significant damage.

  The blade support arm 10 shown in FIG. 2 is formed in a substantially airfoil shape having a thick plate at the front part during rotation as shown in FIG. 4 and gradually becoming thinner toward the rear part. Therefore, when the rotary blade 8 rotates, the airflow that hits the blade support arm 10 passes through the surface shape due to the Coanda effect. The airflow passing along the upper surface of the wing support arm 10 becomes faster than the airflow along the lower surface and passes below the rotating rear part.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the blade support arm 10 is formed so that the width of the tip portion is wider than the width of the base portion in the plane. Accordingly, the rotational speed of the tip portion is faster than the rotational speed of the base portion, and negative pressure is generated at the upper portion of the tip portion. Therefore, the rear end portion of the blade support arm 10 is pushed forward by the atmospheric pressure air flow. Reference symbol R is a rotation locus of the blade 12.

Since the rotation front line F and the rotation rear surface line G of the wing support arm 10 are not on the radiation passing through the center of rotation, the wind flow separating from the rotation rear surface line G along the upper surface of the wing support arm 10 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the direction is substantially perpendicular to the rear surface line G, and moves downward in the direction indicated by the arrow A.
As a result, the normal pressure flow hits the rear upper surface of the blade support arm 12 in the direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow A, and pushes the inner surface of the blade 12 forward.

  That is, in FIG. 8, the airflow passing along the outer surface is faster than the airflow passing along the inner surface of the rotating wing 12, but the airflow of the wing support arm 10 is faster than the inner surface of the wing 12. Since the direction is closer to the center of rotation, for comparison, the airflow passing rearward along the inner surface of the blade 12 is faster than the blade support arm 10, resulting in a negative pressure.

Therefore, the atmospheric airflow that pushes in the direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow A also pushes against the inner surface of the blade 12 that is in a negative pressure and becomes a rotational force.
However, as shown in FIG. 3, when the back of the blade 12 is swung as shown in FIG. 3, the airflow indicated by the arrow A at the tip of the blade support arm 10 in FIG. It diffuses to the inner part rear side.

  FIG. 4 is a side view of the rotor blade showing the second embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a plan view of the main part of the rotor blade. The same parts as those in the previous example are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. As shown in the drawing, the blade support arm 10 of the rotor blade 8 is formed in a cross-sectional airfoil shape in which the front part is thick and the rear part is thin. A bearing arm 10 </ b> A is formed at the front part of the blade support arm 10 at the time of rotation, and protrudes upward and downward with a fixed length in a bifurcated manner.

  A support shaft 11 is disposed at the tip of the bearing arm 10A so as to correspond to the shaft holes of the pair of upper and lower shaft portions 12a formed on the front side portion of the blade 12 respectively. As shown in FIG. 5, the front portion of the wing 12 is pivotally attached via the support shaft 11, and the wing 12 is swingably attached at two upper and lower points. Thereby, the wing | blade 12 can perform the stable swing.

  FIG. 6 is a side view of the rotor blade showing the third embodiment. The same parts as those in the previous example are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. In the rotary blade 10, a plurality of weight adjusting portions 12 c are formed on the side surface of the blade 12 in the upward and downward direction. The weight adjusting unit 12c increases the rotational inertia of the lightweight wing 12 and makes the swing easily occur by the action of centrifugal force. Reference numeral 12d denotes a connecting line, and the tip of the connecting line 12d is detachable as shown in a cross section in FIG.

  As a form of the weight adjusting portion 12, any shape may be used as long as it suits the purpose. For example, a nut is embedded with its holes facing left and right. The weight of the blade 12 as a whole can be adjusted by fitting a headless screw of appropriate weight that fits the nut from the outside.

  FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the shaft portion 12 a of the blade 12. Although the shaft portion 12a is formed of metal, a vertically long bone body 121 is fixed to the base portion of the shaft portion 12a in order to increase the attachment strength of the wing 12.

  Since the bone body 121 is vertically long inside the wing 12 and widened in the direction of the chord, the core portion of the wing 12 is made of foamed resin, and the surface is firmly fixed even with FRP, and the wobble is Rigidity that does not occur can be obtained.

  Since the present invention swings the blades of the vertical axis wind turbine according to the wind speed, when the rotational speed increases in the high speed wind, the swinging blade acts as a brake and reduces the rotational speed of the wind turbine. The rotational speed is maintained within a certain range even in the wind. When used for wind power generation, stable power can be obtained with a safe and stable rotational speed even if the wind speed constantly changes.

It is a front view of the windmill concerning this invention. It is a top view of the rotary blade which has the AA cross section in FIG. It is a top view of the rotary blade which the wing | swing swung. It is a side front end view of a wing support arm. 6 is a partial front view of a rotor blade showing Example 2. FIG. 6 is a side view of a rotor blade showing Example 3. FIG. It is a shaft part partial cross section top view of a wing | blade. It is a top view of the rotary blade for description.

Explanation of symbols

1. Windmill 2. 2. Wind turbine support Windmill housing4. 4. Vertical spindle Support 6. 6. Bearing Generator coil8. Rotor blade 9. Rotating body 9a. Shaft hole 9b. Bolt hole 10. Wing support arm 10A. Bearing arm 10a. Storage unit 10b. Opening / closing lid 11. Support shaft 12. Wings 12a. Shaft part 121. Bone body 12b. Inclined portion 12c. Towing unit 12d. Connecting part 13. Magnet 14. Cap 15. Blade opening / closing control member

Claims (11)

In a wind turbine rotor blade with a lift-type wing attached to the tip of the wing support arm, the wing is pivotally attached to the tip of the wing support arm via a vertical support shaft. A blade opening / closing control member is provided between which the blade opening and closing control member is arranged so that the blade can swing according to the load when a certain load is applied to the blade during rotation. . 2. The wing support arm is provided with a support shaft for pivotally attaching a swinging wing at a front portion when the tip portion is rotated, and pivotally attaching a front portion when the wing is rotated. Wind turbine rotor described in 1. The wing support arm has a bifurcated bearing arm formed at the front part of the blade at the tip, and the upper and lower shaft parts of the wing are pivoted to each bearing arm via a vertical support shaft. The rotor blade of the wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor blade is worn. The blade support arm is formed in a cross-sectional airfoil having a thick front portion and a thin rear portion during rotation, and a hollow storage portion is formed in the rear portion during rotation, and the blade opening / closing control member is formed in the storage portion. The rotor blade of the wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor blade is disposed. The wing support arm is formed in a cross-sectional airfoil having a thick front part and a thin rear part at the time of rotation, and the flat surface is formed with a wider tip than a base. The rotor blade of the wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein The said blade support arm is integrally formed with the rotary body fixed to the vertical main axis | shaft of a windmill, The rotary blade of the windmill described in Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. The wind turbine rotor blade according to claim 1, wherein the blade opening / closing control member is a ridge that pulls the blade toward the blade support arm with a constant force. 3. 2. The wind turbine rotor blade according to claim 1, wherein the blade opening / closing control member is a fluid pressure cylinder that pulls the blade toward the blade support arm with a constant force. 3. The wind turbine rotor blade according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of weight adjusting portions are formed in a vertical direction on a side surface of the blade. In the wing, the wing base is formed of a foamed resin material, a fiber layer is formed on the surface of the wing base, a protective layer is formed on the surface, and a bone body formed integrally with a shaft portion made of a hard material. The rotor blade of the wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the blade body is integrally formed with the blade base. In a rotor blade of a wind turbine in which a lift type wing is attached to the tip of the wing support arm, the wing is pivotally attached to the tip of the wing support arm via a vertical support shaft, and the wing, the wing support arm, Between the rotary main shaft, a rotary blade provided with a blade opening / closing control member, which allows the blade to swing according to the load when a certain load is applied to the blade during rotation, is fixed A windmill that maintains a constant rotation speed.

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