JP2010125345A - Waterdrop collection device, and method of installing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waterdrop collection device in which a water absorbent member having absorbed moisture in the night is made to release water vapor by sunlight in the daytime and the released water vapor is cooled to form waterdrops, which device is constructed in such a manner that a blower for moving air comprising water vapor is not necessary. <P>SOLUTION: The waterdrop collection device 1 includes an openable/closable translucent casing 10 and a water absorbent member 23 disposed in the casing 10. In the casing 10, a first space 41 in the sun side relative to the water absorbent member 23 and a second space 42 in the shade side relative to the same are disposed to communicate with each other. In the night, the casing 10 opens to allow the water absorbent member 23 to absorb water vapor in the atmosphere. In the daytime, the casing 10 closes to allow the water absorbent member 23 to release water vapor into the casing 10 when it is exposed to the sunlight. The air comprising water vapor moves from the first space 41 to the second space 42 in the shade and is cooled. Thus, the cooled water vapor in the air is condensed to form waterdrops. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a water droplet collection device and a method for installing the water droplet collection device.

  Conventionally, a technique as described in Patent Document 1 is known as a technique for collecting water vapor in the atmosphere. In Patent Document 1, the water vapor adsorption / desorption part on the ground communicates with the condensing part in the ground, and silica gel is arranged in the water vapor adsorption / desorption part (see FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1).

  At night, high-humidity outside air naturally flows from a ventilation port provided in the water vapor adsorption / desorption part, and silica gel absorbs the water vapor in the inflowing outside air. At daytime, sunlight enters the water vapor adsorbing / desorbing part, and the water vapor adsorbing / desorbing part is heated by the sunlight, so that the temperature increases and the relative humidity decreases. Then, water vapor is released from the silica gel, and the air in the water vapor adsorption / desorption part becomes rich in water vapor. At this time, by operating a blower such as a fan, the air in the water vapor adsorbing / desorbing part moves to the condensing part and is cooled, so that the water vapor becomes droplets. The dropletized water is collected in the water reservoir.

As described above, in the technique of Patent Document 1, silica gel containing water at night emits water vapor by sunlight in the daytime, and the released water vapor is carried into the ground by a fan to form droplets. Yes.
JP 2006-130447 A

  However, in the prior art, in order to cool air containing a large amount of water vapor, a blower for actively moving the air is essential.

  Therefore, the present invention relates to a technology that realizes an action in which a water-absorbing member (for example, silica gel) containing water at night releases water vapor by sunlight in the daytime, and the discharged water vapor is cooled to form droplets. It aims at realizing the structure which does not require the air blower for moving the contained air.

  The invention according to claim 1 for achieving the above object is provided with a translucent casing (10) that opens and closes and the casing (10), and the higher the relative humidity of the surrounding air, the higher the amount of water vapor absorbed. A water-absorbing member (23) having a large amount of water and a storage tank (50) for collecting water droplets in the casing (10), in the casing (10), A first space (41) on the first side with respect to the water absorbing member (23) and a second space on the second side opposite to the first side with respect to the water absorbing member (23) ( 42), when the casing (10) is open, the water absorbing member (23) absorbs water vapor in the atmosphere, and the casing (10) is closed to absorb water from the first side. When sunlight hits the member (23), the water absorbing member (23) absorbs Water is discharged into the air in the casing (10) as water vapor, and the air containing water vapor is cooled by moving from the first space (41) to the second space (42) on the shade side, Thereby, water vapor in the cooled air is formed into droplets on the inner surface of the casing (10) in the second space (42).

  Thus, in invention of Claim 1, in the 1st space (41) in the sunlight side where sunlight strikes with respect to a water absorption member (23), and sunlight absorption with respect to a water absorption member (23) Since the second space (42) on the shaded side where the light does not hit communicates with the second space (42), water vapor is dropped using the temperature difference between the first space (41) and the second space (42). Can be

  That is, when the water-absorbing member (23) and the surrounding air receive sunlight and become high temperature, water vapor is released from the water-absorbing member (23), and the air containing the water vapor is the first space (41). Further, the temperature is lowered in the first space (41), and the second space (42) can be moved. Then, the air is cooled in the second space (42) in the shade, and the water vapor is collected as droplets.

  Even if the temperature of the air in the first space (41) is reduced to the sun, the end of the casing (10) receives the direct sunlight by heat conduction from the outside air (23). This is because the temperature is lower than the surrounding area.

  Thus, since the first space (41) and the second space (42) communicate with each other, the temperature difference between the temperature near the water absorbing member (23) of the casing (10) and the end, and Due to the temperature difference between the first space (41) and the second space (42), a natural air flow from the first space (41) to the second space (42) occurs. Therefore, a blower for moving air containing water vapor to a low temperature place is not essential, and water can be collected from the atmosphere.

  Note that the feature of the present invention is that the water droplet collection device has a structure that “does not require an air blower”, and is not characterized by “exclusion” of the air blower. Therefore, in this invention, if it is a water droplet collection apparatus which has the above structures, an air blower may be used auxiliary and may not be used.

  Moreover, as described in claim 2, the casing (10) may be structured to trap air when closed. As a result, the air trapped in the casing (10) rises in temperature upon receiving sunlight, and is cooled in the second space (42) to release droplets. repeat. And if the atmospheric temperature around a casing (10) falls with progress of time, since the temperature of the air confine | sealed in the casing (10) will also fall according to it, droplet formation will further progress.

  In this way, by trapping air in the casing 10, the water absorption member (23) is collected by forming droplets in two stages using the temperature difference depending on the position in the casing 10 and the temperature difference depending on time. Most of the water vapor can be efficiently formed into droplets.

  Moreover, as described in claim 3, the casing (10) includes a skeleton (16) that forms an outer shape of the casing (10), and a translucent film that forms a wall of the casing (10) ( 14 to 16), and the film (14 to 16) may be a double or more overlapping film.

  Thus, the film (14-16) used as the wall of a casing (10) becomes a double film, the heat insulation between the inside of a casing (10) and the exterior improves, and receives sunlight. In this case, the temperature of the water absorbing member (23) is more likely to rise, the water vaporization of the water absorbed by the water absorbing member (23) proceeds, and the amount of water droplets collected increases accordingly.

  Moreover, as described in claim 4, at least a part (16) of the films (14 to 16) moves, so that the casing (10) is opened and closed, and the part (16) A bone member (73) extending in the moving direction of a part (16) is attached, and the bone member (73) has a spiral structure in which a predetermined shape is repeated in the moving direction, and the size of the predetermined shape is large. The height may increase stepwise as it moves away from one end of the part (16) and then decrease stepwise as it approaches the other end of the part (16).

  Since the opening / closing mechanism of the casing (10) has such a lantern structure including the film (16) and the bone member (73), the casing (10) is opened, that is, the film (16) is folded. In the rare state, since the bone member (73) does not overlap multiplely, the film (16) can be further reduced. Moreover, the strength with respect to external force improves because the opening / closing mechanism has a lantern structure. Further, since the film (16) is reinforced by the bone member (73), it is possible to prevent the film (16) from being greatly deformed even when the wind is strong.

  A method for installing the water droplet collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, as described in claim 5, wherein the first space (41) in the casing (10) is used. The present invention can also be understood as a method characterized by installing a water droplet collecting device so that the sun hits the water absorbing member (23).

  Moreover, as described in claim 6, the installation angle of the water absorbing member (23) may be determined based on the south and middle altitude of the summer solstice at the place where the water droplet collection device is installed. By doing in this way, a water absorption member (23) can be installed with the angle suitable for the irradiation environment of the sun of the place to install.

  In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis in the said and the claim shows the correspondence of the term described in the claim, and the concrete thing etc. which illustrate the said term described in embodiment mentioned later. .

(First embodiment)
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below. In FIG. 1, the schematic of the water droplet collection apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment is shown. The water droplet collection device 1 includes a casing 10, a moisture absorption unit 20, support members 40 a and 40 b, and a storage tank 50.

  The casing 10 is installed on the ground by being supported by the support members 40a and 40b, and accommodates the moisture absorbing portion 20 therein. At that time, in the casing 10, a space 41 (corresponding to the first space) on the upper side (corresponding to the first side) of the moisture absorption part 20 and a lower side (corresponding to the second side) of the moisture absorption part 20. ) Space 42 (corresponding to the second space) 42. The moisture absorption unit 20 absorbs water vapor in the air when the surrounding relative humidity is high, and releases the water vapor to the surrounding when the surrounding relative humidity is low. Moreover, the casing 10 and the moisture absorption part 20 are installed in the state inclined with respect to the horizontal surface.

  The casing 10 is opened when the relative humidity in the atmosphere is high, such as at night, and closed during the day. Therefore, when the relative humidity in the atmosphere is high, such as at night, during rainy weather, during snowfall, when fog is generated, or when frost is generated, the moisture absorption part 20 absorbs water vapor in the air passing through the casing 10 and When the relative humidity such as medium is low, the moisture absorbing section 20 is confined in the casing 10 and receives sunlight, thereby releasing water vapor into the casing 10. The released water vapor is conveyed to the air that naturally circulates in the casing 10 as indicated by arrows 4 and 5, and is formed into droplets on the inner wall such as the bottom and side surfaces of the casing 10. Flows in.

  Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of such a water droplet collection device 1 will be described in detail. FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the casing 10 when opened, and FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the casing 10 when closed.

  The casing 10 has a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape, and includes frame members 11 and 12, a plurality of wire ropes 13, and translucent flexible films 14 to 16.

  Here, each surface of the rectangular parallelepiped of the casing 10 will be described. Below, the normal line which goes to the outer side of the casing 10 from a surface is demonstrated as the direction of the surface. One of the largest surfaces of the casing 10 faces upward in the south direction so as to hit the sun well. Hereinafter, this surface is referred to as the Hyuga surface. A surface facing in the opposite direction to the sunny surface is called a shaded surface. The surface facing upward in the north direction is called the upper surface, the surface facing downward in the south direction is called the lower surface, the surface facing the west direction is called the west surface, and facing the east direction. The surface that is on is called the east surface. Therefore, the outer shape of the casing 10 is also a quadrangular prism with the upper surface and the lower surface as the bottom surface and the sun, the shade surface, the west surface, and the east surface as the side surfaces.

  The frame member 11, which is a structural member, is a rod-shaped member (for example, a metal pipe or a resin pipe) having four rectangular sides on the upper surface, and is supported by the support member 40a. The frame member 12 as a structural member is a rod-shaped member (for example, a metal pipe or a resin pipe) having four rectangular sides on the lower surface, and is supported by the support member 40b.

  In addition, a plurality of wire ropes are stretched in parallel from the frame member 11 to the frame member 12. The outer shape of the casing 10 is formed by the frame member 11, the frame member 12, and the wire rope 13.

  A film 14 is stretched over the entire upper surface surrounded by the frame member 11. A film 15 is also stretched over the entire lower surface surrounded by the frame member 12. An annular film 16 is provided on four side surfaces of the casing 10 (that is, the sun, the shade, the west, and the east). The film 15 and the film 16 are in close contact by fusion fixing, thermocompression bonding, or the like. Therefore, the film formed of the film 15 and the film 16 has a bag shape.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the film 16 is movable in a direction 19 parallel to the wire rope 13. And when making the casing 10 into the closed state, as shown in FIG. 3, the edge part by the side of the frame member 11 of the film 16 is made to contact the frame member 11. As shown in FIG. As a result, the moisture absorbing portion 20 (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) inside the casing 10 is confined in the casing 10. In addition, in order to prevent excessive bending of the film 16 in the state where the casing 10 is closed, the film 16 may be suspended from the wire rope 13 via a hook or ring (not shown), or the film 16 may be The wire rope 13 may be disposed so as to surround the wire rope 13.

  When the casing 10 is opened, as shown in FIG. 2, the film 16 is contracted and gathered on the film 15 side. At this time, the film 15 is in a contracted state. By opening the casing 10 in this way, air outside the casing 10 can pass through the inside of the casing 10.

  As described above, in the casing 10, the frame members 11 and 12 become a skeleton constituting the outer shape of the casing 10, and the films 14 to 16 form the wall of the casing 10.

  FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the hygroscopic part 20, and FIG. 5 shows a rear view of the hygroscopic part 20 (view of the hygroscopic part 20 from the direction of arrow 29 in FIG. 4).

  The moisture absorbing part 20 includes a skeleton part 21, a sheet 22, a water absorbing member 23, and a water guiding member 24. The skeleton part 21 has a rod-like member (for example, a metal pipe or a resin pipe) that constitutes each side of a flat rectangular parallelepiped. The rectangular parallelepiped forms the outer shape of the hygroscopic portion 20 and is sized to fit within the casing 10. Among the surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped, the surfaces facing the upper surface, the lower surface, the sunny surface, the shaded surface, the west surface, and the east surface of the casing 10 are respectively the same as the upper surface, the lower surface, the sunny surface, the shaded surface, the west surface, and the east surface. It is called a surface. The skeleton part 21 also has parallel rod-shaped members that pass through the upper surface, the sunlit surface, the lower surface, and the shaded surface of the cuboid.

  A plurality of sheets 22 made of nonwoven fabric or the like are arranged in parallel at equal intervals inside the outer shape of the skeleton 21. Each sheet 22 is fixed to the skeleton part 21 so as not to be damaged by wind and rain.

  Further, water absorbing members (also referred to as adsorbents) 23 are held (or carried) on both the front and back surfaces of the sheet 22. The water absorbing member 23 is made of a material that can absorb ambient water vapor. The holding of the water absorbing member 23 by the sheet 22 may be realized by applying the paste-like water absorbing member 23 to the sheet 22, or the powdery water absorbing member 23 is bonded to the sheet 22 using glue (for example, methyl cellulose). It may be realized by doing. As a coating method, a known coating method such as a die coater, a blade coater, or a transfer method can be used.

  As a characteristic of the water absorbing member 23, the higher the relative humidity of the surrounding air is, the more water vapor is absorbed. For example, when the surrounding relative humidity exceeds a reference humidity (for example, 50% to 80%), the surrounding water vapor is absorbed, and when the ambient relative humidity is below the reference humidity, the surrounding water vapor is released.

  The water guide member 24 is disposed along the skeleton portion 21 on the shaded surface of the rectangular parallelepiped that forms the outer shape of the moisture absorption portion 20, and further extends from the position 24a away from the skeleton portion 21 toward the storage tank 50 (that is, vertically downward). ing. As the water guide member 24, a hydrophilic rope, pipe, or string (for example, a cotton string or a resin string) is used.

  In FIG. 5, arrangement | positioning of the water guide member 24 in the shaded surface of the rectangular parallelepiped which comprises the external shape of the moisture absorption part 20 is shown. As shown in this figure, the water guide member 24 is connected to the position 24a on the shaded surface. A portion of the water guide member 24 extending along the skeleton portion 21 is also in contact with one end of the sheet 22. Therefore, the water guide member 24 absorbs the water accumulated in the lower part of the water absorption member 23 and guides the absorbed water to the storage tank 50 through the position 24a.

  Thus, in the moisture absorption part 20, the frame | skeleton part 21 has the bone structure which does not inhibit the flow of the air which passes along the water absorption member 23, hold | maintaining the water absorption member 23. FIG.

  FIG. 6 shows the moisture absorption part 20 in a state of being housed in the casing 10. In FIG. 6, for the sake of simplicity, only the outer shape of the casing 10 and only the skeleton portion 21 of the moisture absorbing portion 20 are described.

  As shown in this figure, the entire hygroscopic part 20 is housed in the casing 10, so when the casing 10 is closed, the hygroscopic part 20 is blocked from the outside of the casing 10 and the casing 10 is opened. In such a case, the air flowing from the outside of the casing 10 passes around the water absorbing member 23 of the sheet 22, and the water absorbing member 23 absorbs water vapor in the air.

  Further, a space (gap) is provided between the moisture absorption part 20 and the casing 10. Specifically, there is a gap (corresponding to the first space 31) between the sunny surface of the casing 10 and the sunny surface of the moisture absorption unit 20, and the shade surface of the casing 10 and the shade surface of the moisture absorption unit 20 There is a gap (corresponding to the second space) between them, there is a gap between the upper surface of the casing 10 and the upper surface of the moisture absorption part 20, and between the lower surface of the casing 10 and the lower surface of the moisture absorption part 20 There is a gap, and there is a gap between the west surface of the casing 10 and the west surface of the moisture absorption portion 20, and there is a gap between the east surface of the casing 10 and the east surface of the moisture absorption portion 20.

  Therefore, the first space between the sunny surfaces (space 41 in FIG. 1) and the second space between the shade surfaces (space 42 in FIG. 1) are the space between the upper surfaces, the space between the lower surfaces, and the west surface. And the space between the east faces. Therefore, the air confined in the casing 10 can easily pass between the casing 10 and the hygroscopic portion 20. The skeleton part 21 of the hygroscopic part 20 is fixed to the frame member 11 of the casing 10 by a fixing member (not shown).

  The storage tank 50 includes a tank 51 provided in the ground and a pipe 52 that connects between the tank 51 and the casing 10. Therefore, the tank 51 communicates with the inside of the casing 10 through the pipe 52. The water guide member 24 extends from the casing 10 to the storage tank 50 through the pipe 51. The storage tank 50 stores water drops that have fallen along the water guide member 24 and water drops that have fallen through the film 16 and the pipe 51.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the water droplet collecting apparatus 1 having such a configuration will be described. The water droplet collection device 1 of the present embodiment absorbs moisture in the atmosphere using a change in humidity that occurs due to a temperature difference of the temperature of the day, and when the sunlight hits the sun in the casing 10 and the sunlight hits it. The water vapor is condensed into droplets by utilizing the temperature difference between the shade and the temperature difference of the daily temperature.

  First, in the evening or at night, the casing 10 is opened. The determination of the opening timing and the actual opening operation may both be performed by a person, or may be automatically performed together as described later.

  When the casing 10 is opened, the inside of the casing 10 communicates with the atmosphere, and the relative humidity inside and outside the casing 10 becomes the same. When the relative humidity increases with a decrease in the outside air temperature and the relative humidity exceeds the reference humidity, the water absorbing member 23 absorbs water vapor in the air introduced into the casing 10.

  Thereafter, in the morning or noon, the casing 10 is closed. The determination of the closing timing and the actual closing operation may both be performed by a person, or may be automatically performed together as described later.

  After the casing 10 is closed, when sunlight strikes the casing 10 and the moisture absorption part 20, the temperature inside the casing 10 rises and becomes higher than the temperature outside the casing 10. As the temperature in the casing 10 increases, the relative humidity around the hygroscopic portion 20 decreases. Then, the moisture adsorbed on the water absorbing member 23 evaporates to become water vapor and is released into the casing 10.

  A large amount of the evaporated water vapor rises with the air heated in the casing 10 and reaches the sunny surface of the casing 10. Then, as shown by an arrow 4 in FIG. 1, a part of the hot air rises along the sun face of the casing 10 and reaches the upper surface of the casing 10. It moves along the plane in the horizontal direction (that is, the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1) and reaches the west and east sides of the casing 10.

  In the upper surface, the west surface, and the east surface of the casing 10, the temperature is lower than the surroundings of the hygroscopic unit 20 that receives direct sunlight. Therefore, the air that has reached the upper surface, the west surface, and the east surface of the casing 10 is cooled and becomes supersaturated, and water vapor in the air is condensed to form droplets. As a result, water droplets adhere to the films 15 and 16 on the upper surface, the west surface, and the east surface of the casing 10. Then, the water droplets flow down along the films 15 and 16 and are further collected in the tank 51 through the pipe 52.

  The air cooled by moving to the upper surface, the west surface, and the east surface of the casing 10 descends and goes around the shaded surface of the casing 10. On the shaded surface of the casing 10, sunlight is blocked by the moisture absorption part 20. Therefore, since the temperature rise in the casing 10 is small and the outside air directly under the shaded surface is also shaded, the temperature is low, so the temperature of the shaded surface of the casing 10 can be kept low. Therefore, the temperature of the shaded surface is not only lower than that of the sunny surface side, but also lower than that of the upper surface, the west surface, and the east surface of the casing 10.

  Therefore, the air that has entered the shaded surface from the side surface of the casing 10 is further cooled, and the water vapor in the air becomes supersaturated to condense and form droplets. As a result, water droplets adhere to the shaded film 16 of the casing 10. The water droplets flow down along the film 16 and are finally collected in the tank 51 through the pipe 52.

  In addition, the air cooled from the sun side to the shade side descends as indicated by the arrow 5 along the shade surface, is pushed up by the convection, returns to the periphery of the water absorbing member 23, and receives direct sunlight. The moisture absorption part 20 is heated and rises again including the water vapor released from the water absorption member 23.

  Thus, in the case of sunlight in the daytime, water vapor is released from the water absorbing member 23, and the air circulates between the sun and shade surfaces of the casing 10. Therefore, the water vapor generated in the vicinity of the hygroscopic part 20 rises to the sun surface by the air, is transported to the shade surface through the side surface of the casing 10, and is formed into droplets on the top surface, the west surface, the east surface, and the shade surface. Is repeated. Thus, using the difference between the temperature around the moisture absorption part 20, the temperature around the upper surface, the west surface, the east surface, and the temperature around the shaded surface in the casing 10, water vapor can be collected as droplets. it can.

  In addition, it is a gap between the moisture absorption part 20 and the casing 10 that the air containing water vapor can reach the shaded surface from the sunny surface through the upper surface, the west surface, and the east surface and further return to the water absorbing member 23. This is because there is.

  That is, in the present embodiment, the first space 41 on the sunny side where the sunlight strikes the water absorbing member 23 and the second space 42 on the shaded side where the sunlight does not strike the water absorbing member 23. Therefore, the water vapor can be made into droplets by utilizing the temperature difference between the first space 41 and the second space 42.

  That is, when the water absorbing member 23 and the surrounding air receive sunlight and become high temperature, water vapor is released from the water absorbing member 23, and the air containing the water vapor rises into the first space 41, The temperature decreases in the first space 41 and can move to the second space 42. Then, the air is cooled in the shaded second space 42, and the water vapor is collected in droplets.

  Note that the temperature of the air in the first space 41 is lower than the surroundings of the water-absorbing member 23 that receives direct sunlight due to heat conduction from the outside air even at the sun side. This is because it becomes lower.

  Thus, since the 1st space 41 and the 2nd space 42 are connecting, the temperature difference of the temperature of the water absorption member 23 vicinity of the casing 10 and an edge part, and the 1st space 41 and the 2nd A natural air flow from the first space 41 to the second space 42 occurs due to the temperature difference from the first space 42. Therefore, a blower for moving air containing water vapor to a low temperature place is not essential, and water can be collected from the atmosphere.

  Further, the air in the casing 10 is confined in the casing 10 until the casing 10 is opened. This is because when the casing 10 is closed by the film 16, there are no other ventilation openings in the casing 10.

  Therefore, when sunlight becomes weak in the evening, the temperature of the air inside the casing 10 also decreases as the temperature around the casing 10 decreases. Then, the air inside the casing 10 becomes supersaturated, and droplet formation further proceeds on the upper surface, west surface, east surface, and shade surface of the casing 10. Thus, by confining air containing water vapor evaporated in the daytime in the casing 10, it is possible to collect the water vapor in droplets by utilizing the temperature difference between the daytime and the evening.

  In this way, by using the temperature difference depending on the position in the casing 10 and the temperature difference depending on the time to form droplets in two stages, most of the water vapor collected by the water absorbing member 23 at night can be efficiently converted into droplets. can do.

Moreover, since the water droplet collection device 1 of the present embodiment is almost entirely covered with a film, the structure is simple, and the ratio of the light receiving surface to the site area occupied by the water droplet collection device 1 is increased. Can do. Therefore, the absorbed water vapor can be efficiently formed into droplets. For example, when the amount of water vapor absorbed by the water absorbing member 23 is 500 g at 4 m ² of the absorbent surface area (nonwoven fabric adsorbent 100 g / m ² ), about 350 to 400 g of water can be collected in the storage tank 50. .

  As described above, according to the water droplet generator 1 of the present embodiment, the casing 10 is opened when the relative humidity of the atmosphere is high, so that the water absorbing member 23 absorbs moisture, and sunlight is absorbed into the casing 10. By closing the casing 10 when it is irradiated, the temperature in the casing 10 is raised and moisture is released to the water absorbing member 23. By utilizing the temperature difference, air can be circulated and the water vapor in the casing 10 can be efficiently made into droplets. For this reason, the water vapor | steam in air | atmosphere can be collect | recovered and a water droplet can be obtained using the temperature difference which generate | occur | produces naturally only by opening and closing of the casing 10. FIG.

  Moreover, the casing 10 may be opened when it is raining, when dew is formed, or when there is fog. In that case, rain, dew, and mist are absorbed by the water absorbing member 23 and the sheet 22, but excess water that cannot be absorbed dripped down and is captured by the water guiding member 24 attached immediately below the water absorbing member 23. Then, it is guided to the tank 51 through the water guide member 24. In addition, a large amount of water absorbed by the water absorbing member 23 during the night flows down like a spear as droplets at the initial stage when the sunlight hits, and is captured by the water guiding member 24 and travels through the water guiding member 24 to the tank 51. May lead to

  In addition, as a utilization method of the water stored in the tank 51, there are the following methods. First, it can be used as drinking water. Since this water is in principle distilled water, it is suitable as drinking water. Prior to use as drinking water, it may be sterilized with ultraviolet rays, ozone, chlorine, or the like. It can also be used as agricultural water and industrial water.

  Moreover, ultrapure water can be easily made from the water stored in the tank 51. The water stored in the tank 51 is stored through the following process. First, water evaporates from the seawater or the earth's surface by the heat of the sun, and the water vapor produced by the evaporation is mixed with air in the atmosphere and travels in the atmosphere by riding on an air current in the atmosphere. Then, the water vapor that has moved through the atmosphere is collected by the water absorbing member 23 of the water droplet collecting device 1. Further, the water collected in the water absorbing member 23 is discharged (evaporated) again by solar heat, and then is formed into droplets and collected in the tank 51.

  The water vapor released from the water absorbing member 23 contains almost nothing other than water molecules such as metal ions. Therefore, it is easy and inexpensive to create ultrapure water by removing ions (ion such as CO 2) dissolved in the water collected in the tank 51 with an ion exchange resin. Since the water to be collected was originally water vapor, the process of making ultrapure water (ion removal process) can be shortened.

Hereinafter, specific examples of the configuration and operation of each component of the water droplet collection device 1 will be described.
(1) Film Each of the films 14, 15, and 16 is provided with two overlapping films (that is, a double film) in order not to release the increased internal heat to the outside, that is, in order to improve the heat insulation. It may be used.

  In addition, when the thickness of the film is about 50 μm or more, since the thermal conductivity in the film is small, a heat insulating effect can be expected, and the internal temperature can be increased. In addition, in a thin film of less than 50 μm, heat transfer occurs in the film cross section, and the heat insulation efficiency is somewhat weak. Therefore, if the film has a double structure (that is, if a double film is used), the internal temperature rises. The efficiency can be improved.

  The distance between the films in the double films 14, 15, and 16 may be set such that convection does not occur between the films in order to achieve good insulation. For example, an interval of about 0.1 to 5 mm is preferable.

  Thus, since the films 14-16 used as the wall of the casing 10 are double films, the heat insulation between the inside of the casing 10 and the exterior increases, and the water absorption member 23 when receiving sunlight is received. The temperature of the water becomes easier to rise, the water vaporization of the water absorbed by the water absorbing member 23 proceeds, and the amount of collected water drops increases accordingly.

  Further, the film 16 may have a bellows shape so as to be more compact in a state where the casing 10 is opened (that is, a state where the film 16 is contracted).

  Examples of the material of the films 14, 15, 16 include vinyl chloride, polyethylene, nylon, polyolefin, Teflon (registered trademark) (referred to tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer (ETFE)), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), and the like. Can be used.

  In particular, the higher the transmittance of sunlight, the better for the films located on the sun and top, west and east surfaces of the casing 10. For example, a material having a transmittance of 80% or more may be used. Among them, a material having a transmittance of 90% or more is more preferable.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the film 14-16 is provided with the function which cuts an ultraviolet-ray. The reason is that, as will be described later, an organic material may be used as the material of the water absorbing member 23, and therefore the water absorbing member 23 may cause deterioration by ultraviolet rays from the sun. Therefore, the water absorbing member 23 can be protected from deterioration by mixing or applying a known functional material that absorbs ultraviolet rays to the materials of the fills 14 to 16.

  Moreover, since the films 14-16 are installed outdoors, they are exposed to dust and the like. Therefore, it is preferable that the surface is treated so that the surface is not easily damaged.

  Moreover, about the film located in the sunny surface of the casing 10 among the films 16, the surface on the side exposed to the outside of the casing 10 and the surface on the inner side of the casing 10 (that is, the surface on the water absorbing member 23 side). ), A material to which water droplets hardly adhere may be applied. This is because when a water droplet adheres to the film located on the sunny surface, the sunlight is scattered and reflected, and the amount of sunlight directly hitting the moisture absorbing portion 20 is reduced. By performing a treatment that prevents water droplets from adhering, sunlight can be efficiently guided to the inside. Moreover, you may knead the material which a water droplet does not adhere to the film located in the sunny surface of the casing 10.

  As a film to which water droplets are difficult to adhere, a polysaccharide derivative or a surface of the first layer such as a resin film (thermoplastic film) described in JP-A No. 2004-168838 and JP-A No. 2005-278560 is used. A film using an aqueous film containing an acrylamide derivative and a film obtained by molding colloidal inorganic fine particles and an acrylic copolymer in the second layer may be used.

  In addition, a film that is easy to repel water can be realized by mixing a material that prevents water droplets from adhering to the sun-facing film (for example, polytetrafluoroethylene) or coating the film with polytetrafluoroethylene. be able to.

  For example, a film containing a fluororesin (for example, a fluorine film sold by Toray Industries, Inc., AGC of Greentech Co., Ltd.) can be used as a film on the sunny surface, so that light transmittance is good and light resistance (ultraviolet light) It is possible to realize a film having a good cutting performance and a high ability to repel water (capability to prevent adhesion of water droplets).

  Moreover, about the film of a shade surface, you may come to use the film whose heat conductivity is higher than the film of a sunny surface. In this way, cool air is efficiently transmitted from the shaded portion of the moisture absorbing portion 20 to the shaded film outside the casing 10, and the shaded film cools well. Increases the amount of water vapor. Further, a surface treatment agent (for example, a water repellent material) that accelerates the formation of droplets may be applied to the surface of the shaded film on the moisture absorbing portion 20 side. Moreover, the surface treatment agent which accelerates | stimulates droplet formation may be kneaded into the surface at the moisture absorption part 20 side of the film of a shade surface.

(2) Water-absorbing member The water-absorbing member 23 held by the sheet 22 is preferably a material that absorbs moisture as much as possible and has steep absorption / release characteristics against changes in relative humidity. Furthermore, a material with good durability is preferable. In the present embodiment, mesoporous silica is used as the water absorbing member 23.

  FIG. 7 is an enlarged view showing a molecular structure of mesoporous silica (FSM: Folded Sheets Mesoporous Material) constituting the water absorbing member 23. As shown in FIG. 7, the mesoporous silica 100 is configured as a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional structure in which an infinite number of pores 101 are formed. In the present embodiment, mesoporous silica 100 having a diameter of each pore 101 of 1 to 7 nm is used. Since the mesoporous silica 100 having such a structure gains a surface area by the pores 101, a very large absorbed water amount can be obtained.

  Such mesoporous silica 100 is formed, for example, by the technique disclosed in JP-A-10-87319. First, an acid is allowed to act on a clay mineral to form layered silicic acid, and then an alkali metal compound is allowed to act on the layered silicic acid to form a layered silicate. Next, by applying a surfactant (template material) to the layered silicate, the mesoporous silica 100 composed of a honeycomb-like silicate three-dimensional structure in which an infinite number of pores 101 are formed is generated.

  The pore diameter of the mesoporous silica 100 can be changed depending on the number of carbon atoms of the surfactant to be acted on. Specifically, the larger the carbon number of the surfactant, the larger the pore diameter, and the smaller the surfactant carbon number, the smaller the pore diameter. Further, the smaller the variation in the carbon number of the surfactant, the smaller the variation in the pore diameter of the mesoporous silica.

  Furthermore, the durability of mesoporous silica can be improved by adding aluminum ions to the pore walls of mesoporous silica. The mesoporous silica having such a configuration can maintain the absorption and emission characteristics at 80% or more of the initial value after using about 10,000 cycles.

  Mesoporous silica in which aluminum ions are added to the pore walls can be prepared by the following procedure. First, mesoporous silica is fired (500 to 700 ° C.), then impregnated with an aqueous aluminum chloride solution (added with about 0.1 mol of aluminum chloride), and fired again (500 to 700 ° C.). Next, when an alkali metal compound is allowed to act on layered silicic acid to form a layered silicate, aluminum is mixed into the crystal wall when about 0.1 mol of aluminum chloride or aluminum nitrate is added to the solution. To do. When this is fired (500 to 700 ° C.), mesoporous silica having good durability can be produced.

  Next, the water absorption / release characteristics of mesoporous silica used as the water absorbing member 23 will be described. FIG. 8 shows the water absorption / release characteristics of mesoporous silica when the relative humidity is changed. FIG. 8 shows the water absorption / release characteristics of silica gel for comparison with three types of mesoporous silica having different pore diameters. FIG. 8 shows the first mesoporous silica having a pore diameter of 1.6 nm, the second mesoporous silica having a pore diameter of 2.45 nm, and the third mesoporous silica having a pore diameter of 4 nm. The first mesoporous silica is prepared using a surfactant having 10 carbon atoms, the second mesoporous silica is prepared using a surfactant having 16 carbon atoms, and the third mesoporous silica is 20 carbon atoms. Created with ~ 40 surfactants.

  As shown in FIG. 8, it can be seen that mesoporous silica has a larger amount of moisture absorption than silica gel, and has absorption / release characteristics that are steep with respect to changes in relative humidity. That is, mesoporous silica can absorb and release a large amount of moisture with a slight change in relative humidity. Hereinafter, the relative humidity range in which the water absorption amount of mesoporous silica changes rapidly is referred to as a “water absorption amount change region”.

  The pore diameter of mesoporous silica correlates with the moisture absorption / release characteristics of mesoporous silica. In the first mesoporous silica, the water absorption amount changes rapidly within the range of points A to B in the figure, and the water absorption amount change region is 50 to 60% relative humidity. In the second mesoporous silica, the amount of moisture absorption changes abruptly within the range of points C to D in the figure, and the moisture absorption amount change region is 22 to 33% relative humidity. In the third mesoporous silica, the water absorption amount changes rapidly within the range of points E to F in the figure, and the water absorption amount change region is 70 to 85% relative humidity. Thus, the moisture absorption amount changing region of mesoporous silica shifts to a lower relative humidity side as the pore diameter is smaller, and shifts to a higher relative humidity side as the pore diameter is larger. In addition, the larger the pore diameter of mesoporous silica, the greater the amount of moisture absorbed. Furthermore, the mesoporous silica has a narrower moisture absorption change region as the pore size distribution is narrower.

  The water absorption / release characteristics of mesoporous silica can be appropriately selected depending on the environment in which the water droplet generator is used. Specifically, it is only necessary that the daily humidity change straddles the water absorption change region of mesoporous silica. For example, in the desert, since the atmosphere is dry and the relative humidity is low, it is preferable that the water absorption change region of the mesoporous silica is within the range of 20 to 60% relative humidity, and mesoporous in a high temperature and high humidity environment. It is preferable that the moisture absorption change region of silica is within the range of 40 to 90% relative humidity, and in the temperate region, the moisture absorption change region of mesoporous silica is within the range of 20 to 80% relative humidity. Preferably, since the relative humidity is low in the cold region, it is preferable that the water absorption change region of the mesoporous silica is within the range of 10 to 60% relative humidity.

  FIG. 9 shows the relationship among temperature, relative humidity, and moisture absorption / release characteristics of mesoporous silica. The first, second, and third mesoporous silica and points A to F in FIG. 9 correspond to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the temperature increases, the relative humidity decreases, and when the temperature decreases, the relative humidity increases. Thus, the mesoporous silica can absorb or release moisture by changing the relative humidity due to the temperature change.

  When the first mesoporous silica is used in a temperature range of, for example, 15 ° C. to 60 ° C., water vapor absorbed at a temperature equal to or higher than the point A in the figure is released, and water vapor is absorbed at a temperature equal to or lower than the B point. The temperature between points A and B is a transition region where moisture absorption and release are switched. When the second mesoporous silica is used in a temperature range of, for example, 25 ° C. to 60 ° C., the water vapor absorbed at a temperature equal to or higher than the C point in the figure is released, and the water vapor is absorbed at a temperature equal to or lower than the D point. The temperature between point C and point D is a transition region where the absorption and release of moisture are switched. When the third mesoporous silica is used in a temperature range of 32 ° C. to 60 ° C., for example, water vapor absorbed at a temperature equal to or higher than the point E in the figure is released, and water vapor is absorbed at a temperature equal to or lower than the F point. The temperature between point E and point F is a transition region where the absorption and release of moisture are switched. In FIG. 9, the temperature corresponding to 100% relative humidity is the droplet formation temperature (dew point). When the temperature becomes lower than the droplet formation temperature, water vapor contained in the air condenses.

  Next, the water absorption amount and release amount of mesoporous silica will be described. Here, the first mesoporous silica and the second mesoporous silica will be described as an example.

  As described above, the first mesoporous silica absorbs water vapor in the atmosphere when the humidity is 33% or more, and releases water vapor in the air when the humidity is 22% or less. As shown in FIG. 8, the first mesoporous silica can absorb 0.3 g or more of water vapor per gram at a relative humidity of 33% or more as compared with a relative humidity of 22% or less. The first mesoporous silica has a saturated water absorption of about 0.48 g per gram when the relative humidity is 100%, and a saturated water absorption of about 0.41 g when the relative humidity is 33%. On the other hand, the saturated water absorption when the relative humidity is 23% is about 0.10 g per gram, and the saturated water absorption when the relative humidity is 10% and the relative humidity is about 0.03 g per gram.

  Therefore, when the relative humidity is changed from 100% to 10%, the amount of water released is 0.45 g / g (= 0.48 g−0.03 g), and the relative humidity is changed from 33% to 23%. The amount of released water is 0.31 g per 1 g (= 0.41 g-0.10 g). Thus, the first mesoporous silica can exhibit excellent moisture absorption / release performance when used in a humidity range that spans a relative humidity of 22 to 33%.

  As described above, the second mesoporous silica absorbs water vapor in the atmosphere when the humidity is 60% or higher, and releases water vapor in the air when the humidity is 50% or lower. As shown in FIG. 8, the second mesoporous silica can absorb 0.35 g or more of water vapor per gram at a relative humidity of 60% or more, as compared with a relative humidity of 50% or less. The second mesoporous silica has a saturated water absorption of about 0.72 g when the relative humidity is 100%, and a saturated water absorption of about 0.63 g per gram when the relative humidity is 60%. On the other hand, the saturated water absorption when the relative humidity is 50% is about 0.27 g per gram, and the saturated water absorption when the relative humidity is 20% is about 0.09 g per gram.

  For this reason, when the relative humidity is changed from 100% to 20%, the amount of water released is 0.68 g / g (= 0.72 g-0.09 g), and the relative humidity is changed from 60% to 50%. The amount of water released becomes 0.36 g per g (= 0.63 g−0.27 g). Thus, the second mesoporous silica can exhibit excellent moisture absorption / release performance when used in a humidity range that spans 50 to 60% relative humidity.

(3) Installation Angle of Moisture Absorbing Part It is desirable that the hygroscopic part 20 be installed at an angle such that the sun face of the rectangular parallelepiped that forms the outer shape of the moisture absorbing part 20 is easily exposed to sunlight.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, the normal direction 60 of the sunny surface (ie, the direction perpendicular to the sunny surface) faces true south as the direction of east, west, south, and north, and is perpendicular to the vertically upward direction 61. Alternatively, a position inclined by an angle θ + α may be employed. Here, assuming that the south-south altitude of the summer solstice at the installation position of the water droplet collection device 1 is ω, the equation θ = 90 ° −ω holds. That is, the direction of the angle θ is an angle corresponding to the direction of the sun that has gone south in the summer solstice. Further, the angle α is set to an angle larger than 0 ° and smaller than a predetermined angle (for example, 10 °). By directing the normal direction of the sunny surface of the hygroscopic part 20 in such a direction, the sunny surface of the hygroscopic part 20 faces the sun going south and south on the day slightly before (angle α) from the summer solstice. Become. By doing in this way, a sunlight ray is irradiated to the moisture absorption part 20 satisfactorily throughout the year. For example, the angle θ + α is desirably about 30 ° to 75 °, and particularly in Japan, the angle θ + α is desirably about 50 ° to 70 °. Further, about 65 ° to 75 ° is also preferable.

  Or you may make it change the normal line direction of the sunny surface of the moisture absorption part 20 instead of fixing. In order to do this, a mechanism that can change the installation angle of the casing 10 to which the moisture absorbing portion 20 is fixed may be provided.

  As such a mechanism, a gantry constituted by two axes of a polar axis parallel to the rotation axis of the earth and a declination axis orthogonal to the polar axis may be used. Such a gantry is widely used in astronomical telescopes. If such a gantry is used, simply by rotating the casing 10 around the polar axis, the hygroscopic part 20 can be tracked by the movement of the sun in the day, and the normal direction of the hygroscopic part 20 is always positive with respect to the sun. It can be made against. Further, in this case, in order to track the hygroscopic part 20 in response to the daily change of the south-middle altitude, the casing 10 may be rotated around the declination axis and finely adjusted.

  A motor for rotating the casing 10 may be attached to each of these two axes, and a microcomputer (control device) for controlling these motors may be provided. In this case, the microcomputer may control the motor by executing a predetermined program so that the normal direction of the sunny surface of the moisture absorption unit 20 is always directed to the sun except at night. .

  By doing as mentioned above, the water absorbing member 23 can be installed at an angle suitable for the solar irradiation environment of the installation place.

(3) Material of Sheet As the sheet 22, a non-woven fabric may be used, or the following (a) to (h) may be used.
(A) Paper, newspaper, toilet paper, etc. (b) Polyethylene terephthalate sheet, polyolefin sheet, vinyl chloride sheet, nylon sheet, polyester sheet, rayon, Teflon (registered trademark) (tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer) (Refers to merging (ETFE), etc.)
(C) Silk cloth, cotton cloth, cloth made of ceramic wool, etc. (d) Animal hair made into a sheet, blanket sheet (e) Metal foil made of aluminum, copper, iron-based material, etc. (f ) Metal mesh, resin-molded mesh (g) foamed urethane foam, ceramic foam skeleton That is, the sheet 22 may be any sheet as long as it can hold the water absorbing member 23, Moreover, it may become possible to contain moisture.

  Each sheet 22 may have a laminated structure including a plurality of layers as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. In addition, in order to increase moisture absorption, the surface of each sheet 22 may be subjected to flocking treatment as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. For example, animal hair may be used for flocking. Further, in order to increase the light absorption of the sheet 22, a carbon powder material may be mixed into the sheet 22. Further, in order to increase the thermal conductivity in the sheet 22, metal powder or metal fibers may be mixed into the sheet 22.

  Alternatively, in order to increase the thermal conductivity and strength of the sheet 22, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 13, a metal (for example, aluminum, copper, iron) plate (or foil) 64 is provided in the multilayer sheet 22. It may be inserted as a core material.

  Moreover, as each sheet | seat 22, as shown to sectional drawing of FIG. 14, you may use the sheet | seat 22 with a plane symmetry symmetrical. In such a sheet 22, three layers 22a to 22c are arranged in parallel as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 15 (a), and subsequently, the layers at both ends are shown in the sectional view of FIG. 15 (b). 22a and 22c are folded into ninety-nine folds, and the valley portions (folds on the side close to the intermediate layer 22b) of the layers 22a and 22c at both ends are bonded to the intermediate layer 22b, and then the cross-sectional view of FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the layer 22a and 22c at both ends can be created by cutting out the mountain portions (folds far from the intermediate layer 22b).

  Moreover, as each sheet | seat 22, as shown in sectional drawing of FIG. As shown in the sectional view of FIG. 17A, such a sheet 22 is folded so as to form protrusions alternately in different directions, and subsequently, as shown in the sectional view of FIG. It can be created by bonding the base portion of the protrusion and then cutting off the apex portion of the protrusion as shown in the sectional view of FIG.

  Moreover, as each sheet | seat 22, as shown in sectional drawing of FIG. 18, you may use the thing which has a structure which piled up the layer with several crease | folds. Further, the pleated sheet 22 may be further subjected to a flocking process.

  In this way, by making the sheet 22 fluffy, contact between the sheet 22 (and the water absorbing member 23 held by the sheet 22) and the air can be increased, and more water vapor in the air can be absorbed. .

  Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 to 18, both end portions 22 d and 22 e of the sheet 22 may be formed integrally with the portions other than the both end portions and made of the same material and in a ring shape. By fixing the seat 22 to the skeleton portion 21 using the ring portions 22d and 22e, the seat 22 can be fixed reliably and easily.

  Specifically, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 19, wires (for example, metal wires) 63 a and 63 b are passed through the ring portions 22 d and 22 e of each sheet 22, and the wires 63 a and 63 b are passed through the skeleton part 21. You may fix each sheet | seat 22 to the frame | skeleton part 21 by connecting and fixing.

  As a member for fixing the wires 63a and 63b to the skeleton part 21, a known fixing bracket having a tension adjuster capable of adjusting the tension of the wires 63a and 63b may be used.

  When the metal plate (or foil) 64 is embedded in the sheet 22 as a core material, in order to improve the bonding strength between the metal plate (or foil) 64 and the wires 63a and 63b, FIG. As shown in the sectional view, the end portion of the metal plate (or foil) 64 may be formed in a ring shape concentric with the ring portions 22d and 22e, and the wires 63a and 63b may be passed through the rings.

(4) Sheet Arrangement There are two possible relations between the arrangement direction of the plurality of sheets 22 and the inclination direction of the moisture absorption unit 20, such as the relation shown in FIG. 21 and the relation shown in FIG. 22. As described above, the hygroscopic part 20 is inclined so that the sunny surface of the hygroscopic part 20 faces the south direction, so the south side is low and the north side is high. Accordingly, the arrangement direction of the plurality of sheets 22 may be arranged in the north-south direction as shown in FIG. 21 or in the east-west direction as shown in FIG.

  In areas where strong winds (for example, winds with a wind speed of 2 m / second or more) often blow, such as along the coast, for example, either the case of FIG. 21 or the case of FIG. 22 may be adopted. However, in an area where strong winds do not blow much, it is preferable to adopt the direction in which air easily passes between the sheets 22 between the cases of FIG. 21 and FIG.

  Specifically, the arrangement direction of FIG. 21 is adopted in an area where the wind tends to blow in the east-west direction rather than the north-south direction, and the arrangement of FIG. 22 is adopted in an area where the wind tends to blow in the north-south direction rather than the east-west direction. The direction should be adopted.

  Moreover, the space | interval between adjacent sheets 22 is a space | interval which air passes fully, and the space | interval which can fully absorb the water vapor | steam in air | atmosphere is preferable. That is, the narrower the gap, the greater the number of sheets 22 that can be installed per unit site area, and the greater the amount of water vapor that can be absorbed. As a result, the amount of water vapor that can be absorbed decreases.

  For example, one sheet 22 may be 1 m wide × 2 m long, and the interval between adjacent sheets 22 may be 200 mm. In general, it is desirable that the interval be 10 to 300 mm in an outdoor place where the air flow is relatively small (for example, a place where the wind speed is less than 1 m / second). If it exceeds 300 mm, the amount of water vapor absorbed does not increase as the apparatus becomes larger. Also, if the air volume is large (for example, where the wind speed is about 1 m / second or more), sufficient water vapor can be obtained even if the distance between the sheets 22 is 100 mm, 50 mm, 30 mm, or 10 mm. Can do.

  For example, when one sheet 22 is 1 m wide × 10 m long, the interval between adjacent sheets 22 is preferably 10 mm to 500 mm. When this is 10 mm or less, if the flow of the airflow in the atmosphere does not become about 2 m / second or more, the air does not flow during an interval of 10 mm or less with a width of 1 m, and it is less likely to absorb water vapor in the atmosphere. On the other hand, when the interval is 500 mm or more, the air flows between the adsorbents, but the number of sheets 22 that can be installed per unit site area decreases.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, each sheet 22 is installed to be inclined with respect to the normal direction 60 of the sunny surface of the moisture absorption unit 20. The inclination β of each sheet 22 with respect to the normal direction 60 is that when the hygroscopic part 20 is irradiated with sunlight in parallel with the normal direction 60, all the surfaces on the sunny surface side of the sheet 22 receive the sunlight equally. The angle should be such that

(5) Opening and closing control The opening and closing of the casing 10 may be automatically performed. Therefore, the water droplet collection device 1 may have a microcomputer for opening / closing control, a motor for opening / closing, and an opening / closing mechanism for the film 16 operated by the motor.

  As an opening / closing mechanism, an arm that is attached to a plurality of locations on the frame member 11 side end portion of the film 16 and moves the frame member 11 side end portion up and down according to the rotation of the opening / closing control motor may be used.

  The open / close control microcomputer may determine the opening / closing timing of the casing 10 based on the humidity in the atmosphere. In this case, the water droplet collection device 1 includes a humidity sensor on the outside (or inside) of the casing 10 so that a relative humidity signal detected by the humidity sensor is input to the casing 10. The open / close control microcomputer opens the casing 10 when the detected relative humidity is equal to or higher than a predetermined reference humidity (for example, 80%), and when the detected relative humidity is lower than the predetermined reference humidity. The motor may be controlled to close the casing 10.

  Further, when the opening / closing timing is determined based on the humidity in the atmosphere, as a result, the opening / closing is controlled according to the weather condition. For example, in the case of rain, fog, frost, and snow, since the relative humidity in the atmosphere is high, the casing 10 is opened, and the water absorbing member 23 can collect moisture. In addition, when it is cloudy, the casing 10 is opened because the humidity becomes high when it is about to rain. At this time, the water droplet collecting device 1 has a raindrop sensor together with the humidity sensor, and the open / close control microcomputer is based on the fact that the raindrop sensor detects the raindrop regardless of the relative humidity detected by the humidity sensor. The casing 10 may be opened.

  Moreover, the water droplet collection apparatus 1 may have an air temperature sensor together with a humidity sensor. This air temperature sensor is provided outside (or inside) the casing 10, detects the temperature of the atmosphere, and outputs a signal of the detected temperature to the open / close control microcomputer. In this case, the open / close control microcomputer may determine the opening / closing timing of the casing 10 based on the output signals of the humidity sensor and the temperature sensor. For example, when the detected temperature is lower than the reference temperature, the opening / closing is controlled based on the relationship between the reference humidity and the detected humidity as described above, but when the detected temperature is higher than the reference temperature, it is detected. Regardless of the humidity, the casing 10 may be closed without being opened.

  By doing in this way, water vapor | steam can be collected efficiently also in the time when cloudy weather, such as a rainy season, continues. This is because, when cloudy weather continues, the atmospheric humidity remains high during the day. Therefore, when the opening / closing control is performed based only on the humidity, the casing 10 is always open. However, as described above, when the atmospheric temperature rises, the casing 10 is closed regardless of the humidity, so that atmospheric heat is stored in the sealed space. As a result, the absorbed water vapor is released and appropriately Moisture can be collected.

  The humidity sensor and the temperature sensor may be provided near the water absorbing member 23 inside the casing 10.

  Further, since the time when the sun goes out is determined by the calendar (date and time), the open / close control microcomputer may determine the opening / closing timing of the casing 10 based on the current date and time. In this case, the open / close control microcomputer has a clock function for measuring the date and time, and also has closing time and opening time data for each date, and based on this data, the closing time on the current date The motor may be controlled to close the casing 10 and open the casing 10 at the opening time on the current date.

  The opening time may be, for example, about 1.5 hours to 3 hours from the sunset time of the date. This is because even if the sun goes down, hot air stays in the casing 10 for a certain amount of time (about 3 hours in summer), and the adsorbent water vapor can be released. The closing time may be, for example, within about 15 to 60 minutes from the sunrise time on that date. This is because when it exceeds 60 minutes from the sunrise, the absorbed water vapor is heated and released by the sunlight.

  The water droplet collection device 1 includes a first sensor that detects the temperature and relative humidity of air in the casing 10 (for example, in the vicinity of the water absorbing member 23), and the surface of the film 16 (preferably the surface temperature of the shaded surface of the film 16). You may have the 2nd sensor which detects this temperature. These first and second sensors output a signal indicating the detected physical quantity to the open / close control microcomputer. In this case, when the casing 10 is closed, the open / close control microcomputer may determine the timing for opening the casing 10 based on the output signals of the first and second humidity sensors and the temperature sensor.

  For example, the open / close control microcomputer calculates the current dew point temperature in the casing 10 from the temperature and relative humidity acquired from the first sensor, and calculates the calculated dew point temperature and the surface temperature of the film 16 acquired from the second sensor. And the motor may be controlled to open the casing 10 based on the former being less than the latter. This is because when the dew point in the casing 10 is higher, the water vapor becomes droplets.

  Note that the surface temperature of the film 16 is almost the same temperature or slightly higher than the temperature outside the casing 10. More specifically, if the film 16 is made of a material having a low thermal conductivity, the surface temperature of the film 16 is slightly higher than the temperature outside the casing 10, and the film 16 is made of a material having a high thermal conductivity. For example, the surface temperature of the film 16 is substantially the same as the temperature outside the casing 10.

  In addition, as a driving energy source such as a microcomputer for opening / closing control for opening / closing control and a motor, a solar cell, a wind power generator may be used, wave power, hydropower, nuclear power, coal combustion, gas combustion, oil combustion Alternatively, energy generated by geothermal heat or the like may be used. That is, any power may be used as the driving energy.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment. The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the configuration of the sheet 22 and the fixing method of the sheet 22 to the moisture absorption unit 20. 23 and 24 show the sheet 22 in the present embodiment.

  Only one sheet 22 of the present embodiment is disposed in the moisture absorption part 20, and one sheet is folded ninety-nine and is disposed uniformly throughout the skeleton part 21. Further, a wire 65 is disposed inside each of the bent portions of the sheet 22, and the wire 65 is fixed to the skeleton portion 21 so that the sheet 22 is fixed to the skeleton portion 21. Realized.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 24, also in this embodiment, the inclination of each sheet 22 with respect to the normal direction of the sunny surface of the hygroscopic unit 20 is that the sunlight (arrow in FIG. 24) is parallel to the normal direction. The angle is set so that all the surfaces on the sunny surface side of the sheet 22 can receive sunlight evenly.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the second embodiment. The present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in a method of fixing the sheet 22 to the moisture absorbing portion 20. FIG. 25 shows the sheet 22 in the present embodiment.

  Only one sheet 22 of the present embodiment is arranged in the moisture absorption part 20, and one sheet is folded ninety-nine and is evenly arranged in the entire skeleton part 21 with respect to the second embodiment. The same.

  However, in this embodiment, rods (or plates) 66 are arranged instead of the wires 65 inside the bent portions of the sheet 22, and these rods 66 are fixed to the wires 67. The wire 67 is fixed to the skeleton portion 21 so that the sheet 22 is fixed to the skeleton portion 21.

  In such a mounting structure of the sheet 22, a rod (or plate) 67 is required, but the number of fixing jigs can be reduced.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the connection structure between the water guide member 24 and the sheet 22 and the structure that suppresses flapping of the sheet 22.

  In FIG. 26, the partial expanded sectional view of the moisture absorption part 20 in this embodiment is shown. Note that the arrow 69 indicates the normal direction of the sunny surface of the hygroscopic portion 20.

  In the present embodiment, the anti-flapping wires 68 are arranged along the sheet 22 at four points on the surface of each sheet 22. The flapping prevention wire 68 is fixed to the skeleton part 21. In this way, even if the sheet 22 receives a strong wind, the sheet 22 is reinforced by the anti-flapping wire 68, so that the sheet 22 is not greatly deformed.

  Moreover, the water guide member 24 of this embodiment is formed so that a part thereof has a ring shape, and a wire 63b for fixing the sheet 22 is passed through the ring shape portion. With this configuration, the water guide member 24 is securely fixed to the skeleton portion 21, and one end of the sheet 22 is in contact with the water guide member 24. In addition, the thickness and arrangement of the water guide member 24 are set so as not to limit the flow of air through the moisture absorption unit 20.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the opening / closing mechanism of the double film 16. FIG. 27 shows a perspective view of the film 16 according to the present embodiment with the opening / closing mechanism 70 closed, FIG. 28 shows a sectional view of the opening / closing mechanism 70 closed, and FIG. 29 shows the opening / closing mechanism 70. A sectional view in the open state is shown.

  In the opening / closing mechanism 70, the bases 72a and 72b constituting the four sides of the rectangle are fixed to the end portion on the frame member 11 side and the end portion on the frame member 12 side of the film 16 by adhesion or the like. The dimensions of these caps 72a and 72b are the same as the frame member 11 and the frame member 12, respectively. The base 72b is fixed in close contact with the frame member 12 by adhesion or the like.

  Further, a single bone member 73 extends from the base 72 a to the base 72 b (that is, in the moving direction of the double film 16) between the inner film and the outer film of the double film 16. This bone member has a spiral structure in which a rectangle is repeated in a plurality of stages in the moving direction. The material of the bone member 73 may be, for example, a material having excellent elasticity such as a piano wire, or a light and strong material such as a material used for a fishing rod (glass fiber or the like). May be used.

  The size of the rectangle formed by the bone member 73 gradually increases as the distance from the base 72a increases, reaches a maximum at a midpoint between the base 72a and the base 72b, and further decreases gradually as the base 72b approaches. . That is, the opening / closing mechanism 70 has a square lantern structure.

  Since the opening / closing mechanism 70 has such a lantern structure, when the base 72a approaches the base 72a and the opening / closing mechanism 70 is opened, that is, when the film 16 is folded, as shown in FIG. Since the bone member 73 does not overlap in multiple layers, the film 16 can be further reduced. Moreover, since the opening / closing mechanism 70 has a lantern structure, the strength against an external force is improved compared to a simple rectangular parallelepiped shape. Further, since the film 16 is reinforced by the bone member 73, the film 16 can be prevented from being greatly deformed even when the wind is strong. Further, the driving energy required for opening / closing the opening / closing mechanism 70 can be reduced.

  Further, the skeleton member 73 is partially reinforced by the skeleton material of the water droplet collection device 1 such as the frame member 11 and the wire rope 13 of the casing 10. That is, when the wind is strong, the skeletal member 73 is supported by the frame member 11 and the wire rope 13 by contacting the frame member 11 and the wire rope 13 of the casing 10, and as a result, can withstand the wind pressure of the wind.

  In addition, since the skeleton member 73 is present, in a state where the opening / closing mechanism 70 is closed, that is, in a state where the film 16 is extended, between the inner film and the outer film of the double film 16, Appropriate and appropriate intervals for maintaining heat insulation are maintained.

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on the differences from the fifth embodiment. This embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in the shape of the casing 10 and the opening / closing mechanism of the double film 16.

  FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the casing 10 according to the present embodiment. However, in FIG. 30, the film 16 and the opening / closing mechanism of the film 16 are not shown. 30, the features of the component parts having the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same as the features of the corresponding component parts in FIGS. 1 and 2 except for the matters described below.

  In the first to fifth embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer shape of the casing 10 is a quadrangular prism whose bottom surface is a rectangular shape on the upper surface surrounded by the frame member 11 and a rectangular shape on the lower surface surrounded by the frame member 12. Met.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, each of the frame members 11 and 12 constitutes a pentagonal side, and the outer shape of the casing 10 is a pentagonal column having the two pentagons as the bottom surface.

  A wire rope 13 is stretched between the corner vertices of the pentagon on the two bottom surfaces. One of the wire ropes 13 a is located at the lowest vertical position in the casing 10. Therefore, when the casing 10 is closed, the film 16 stretched on the casing 10 has a groove shape at the position of the wire rope 13a (that is, the position behind the moisture absorbing portion 20). For this reason, the droplets adhering to the films 14 and 16 efficiently flow into the storage tank 50 along the groove-shaped portion (pentagonal tip portion).

  31 and 32 show an opening / closing mechanism 80 for the double film 16 in the casing 10. FIG. 31 is a perspective view when the opening / closing mechanism 80 is closed, and FIG. 32 is a perspective view when the opening / closing mechanism 80 is opened. In FIG. 31, the pipe 84 is shown only on the two surfaces (the sun and the west surface) on the front side of the drawing, but actually, the three surfaces (the two shade surfaces and the east surface) on the back side of the drawing. The surface of the pipe 84 is also arranged. In FIG. 32, the chains 82 and 83 are not shown for simplicity.

  In the opening / closing mechanism 80, pipes 81a and 81b constituting pentagonal sides are fixed to the end portion on the frame member 11 side and the end portion on the frame member 12 side of the film 16 by adhesion or the like. The dimensions of the pipes 81a and 81b are the same as those of the frame member 11 and the frame member 12, respectively. The pipe 81b is fixed in close contact with the frame member 12 by adhesion or the like.

  In addition, four chains 82 made of metal, resin, or the like extend linearly from each of the four vertices other than the lowest portion of the pentagon of the pipe 81a to each of the corresponding four vertices of the pipe 81b. ing. Furthermore, a plurality of chains 83 made of metal, resin, or the like extend linearly from each part of the pipe 81a to a corresponding part of the pipe 81b. The chain 83 is thinner than the chain 82. These chains 82 and 83 are fixed to the pipe 81a at one end and fixed to the pipe 81b at the other end, and are disposed between the outer film and the inner film of the double film 16.

  Further, between the outer film and the inner film of the double film 16, a plastic pipe 84 having a pentagonal side substantially congruent to the pipes 81 a and 81 b is arranged at almost equal intervals from the pipe 81 a to the pipe 81 b. ing. Each of these pipes 84 is fixed to the chains 82 and 83, so that the interval between the pipes 84 can be maintained without falling down when the casing 10 is closed.

  When the casing 10 is opened, the chains 82 and 83 are folded. As a result, the interval between the pipes 84 is reduced, and the film 16 is gathered on the frame member 12 side as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 33 shows only the side surfaces of the pentagonal prism (the sun, the shade, the west, and the east) that form the outer shape of the casing 10. Of the film 16, a film having a high light transmittance is not applied to the hygroscopic surface 85 that receives the strongest solar irradiation, and the portions located on the east surface 86 and the west surface 87 that are adjacent to the hygroscopic portion 20. adopt. Moreover, a film with high heat conductivity is employ | adopted for the part located in the shade surfaces 88 and 89 where sunlight is interrupted | blocked by the moisture absorption part 20 among the films 16. FIG.

  In addition, you may employ | adopt the heat pipe with which the working fluid was filled in the part located in the shade surfaces 88 and 89 of each of the pipes 81a, 81b, and 84. FIG. By doing in this way, the heat conductivity of a shade part can be improved. As described above, when the heat pipe is installed in the shaded part, the low temperature of the shaded part outside the casing 10 is easily transmitted into the casing 10, and water containing water vapor can contact the low temperature part. The water vapor can be made into droplets efficiently.

  In addition, heat radiating fins extending outside the casing 10 may be attached to the heat pipes. By doing in this way, the thermal conductivity of a shade part can further be improved.

  In addition, in this embodiment, although the magnitude | size of the pipe 84 is constant, these pipes 84 may also have a lantern structure. That is, the size of these pipes 84 increases stepwise as the distance from the pipe 81a increases, reaches a maximum at an intermediate point between the pipe 81a and the pipe 81b, and further decreases stepwise as the pipe 81b is approached. Good.

(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on differences from the sixth embodiment. The present embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment in the structure of the casing 10. Specifically, the casing 10 of the present embodiment is also on the outside of the frame member 11 (that is, the side opposite to the frame member 12 side) and on the outside of the frame member 12 (that is, the side opposite to the frame member 11 side). Have a structure.

  FIG. 34 shows a perspective view of the outer structure of the frame member 11 in the casing 10 of the present embodiment. FIG. 35 shows a perspective view of the outer structure of the frame member 12 of the casing 10 of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 shows a side view of the outer shape of the casing 10 (viewed from the same direction as FIG. 1).

  As shown in FIGS. 34 and 36, eight rod-like members (structural members) 18 a to 18 h are attached to the frame member 11 outside the frame member 11 (shown by a thick line) that forms a pentagonal side. Yes. These rod-shaped members 18a to 18h and the frame member 11 have a structure that forms a side of a seven-sided body. For example, a metal pipe, a resin pipe, or the like may be used as the rod-shaped members 18a to 18h.

  In the present embodiment, no film is stretched on the pentagonal portion formed by the frame member 11. Moreover, the double film is stretched | stretched on the whole 6 surfaces other than the pentagonal surface which the frame member 11 forms among said 7-hedron. The structure and material of this film are the same as the film 14 of the sixth embodiment.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 35 and 36, eight rod members (structural members) 28a to 28h are attached to the frame member 12 outside the frame member 12 (shown by bold lines) forming a pentagonal side. It has been. These rod-shaped members 28a to 28h and the frame member 12 have a structure that forms a side of a heptahedron. As the rod-shaped members 28a to 28h, for example, a metal pipe, a resin pipe, or the like may be used.

  In the present embodiment, no film is stretched on the pentagonal portion formed by the frame member 12. In addition, a double film is stretched over the entire six surfaces other than the pentagonal surface formed by the frame member 12 among the seven-sided body. The structure and material of this film are the same as the film 15 of the sixth embodiment.

  Since the casing 10 of this embodiment has such a structure, the following operation can be obtained. When the casing 10 is closed, when the air containing water vapor released from the hygroscopic part 20 rises as shown by the arrow 6 in FIG. 36, the surface surrounded by the rod-like members 18a, 18b, 18c and the frame member 11 is Since the air flow is not perpendicular to the air flow 6, but is slanted, as shown by the arrow 7, the air smoothly flows to the shaded surface without the air flow stagnating. That is, the surface (surface surrounded by the rod-shaped members 18a, 18b, 18c and the frame member 11) of the upper end portion of the casing 10 that is closer to the sunny surface is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the casing 10, so that Flows smoothly.

  Further, the same structure as that of the outer side of the frame member 11 is provided on the outer side of the frame member 12 (that is, the side opposite to the frame member 11 side), so that air in which water vapor is formed into droplets on the shaded surface Is reliably conveyed to the lower side of the water absorbing member 23.

  The casing 10 may have only the above structure outside the frame member 11 among the above structure outside the frame member 11 and the above structure outside the frame member 12. In that case, a film 15 is stretched on the pentagon formed by the frame member 12.

(Eighth embodiment)
Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on the differences from the seventh embodiment. The present embodiment is different from the seventh embodiment in the structure of the casing 10. Specifically, the space from the frame member 11 to the frame member 12 in the inside of the casing 10 of the present embodiment is divided into two parts, an evaporation unit and a droplet forming unit, by a film.

  In FIG. 37, the opening / closing mechanism 80 of the double film 16 of this embodiment is shown in the same format as FIG. Note that components denoted by the same reference numerals in FIGS. 31 and 37 have the same configuration and function unless otherwise described below.

  In the opening / closing mechanism 80 of the present embodiment, a pipe 91 connecting two apexes corresponding to the end of the shaded surface of the pipe 81a is fixed to the pipe 81a, and two apexes corresponding to the end of the shaded surface of the pipe 81b. A pipe 92 is fixed to the pipe 81b.

  FIG. 38 shows the configuration of the casing 10 on the surface between the pipe 91 and the pipe 92 and including the pipe 91 and the pipe 92. Further, FIG. 39 shows a cross-sectional view of the casing 10 and the hygroscopic portion 20 cut along the AA cross section of FIG. 38 when the casing 10 is closed, and FIG. FIG. 40 shows a cross-sectional view when the casing 10 and the hygroscopic part 20 are cut in the -A cross section. However, for the sake of simplicity, the description of the internal structure of the hygroscopic portion 20 is omitted in FIGS. 39 and 40.

  As shown in FIGS. 38 to 40, a film 95 is stretched over the entire surface between the pipe 91 and the pipe 92. By this film 95, the space between the sun-facing surface of the casing 10 and the double film 95 (that is, the evaporation portion) and the space between the double film 95 and the shade surface of the casing 10 (that is, the droplet forming portion). ) And will be separated.

  The film 95 is made of the same material as the film 16 and, like the film 16, is a double film in which two films are overlapped with an interval of about 0.1 to 5 mm. A film of a surface treatment agent (for example, a water repellent material) that accelerates droplet formation is formed on the surface of the double film 95 that is closer to the shade surface of the casing 10 than the shade surface. Alternatively, a surface treatment agent for accelerating droplet formation may be incorporated. In addition, the double film 95 does not need to have translucency.

  Further, a plurality of chains 93 made of metal, resin, or the like extend linearly from a plurality of portions of the pipe 91 to corresponding portions of the pipe 92. The chain 93 is thinner than the chain 82. The chain 93 is fixed to the pipe 91 at one end and fixed to the pipe 92 at the other end, and is disposed between the outer film and the inner film of the double film 95.

  In addition, a plurality of plastic pipes 94 are arranged in parallel with the pipes 91 and 92 at substantially equal intervals from the pipe 91 to the pipe 92 between the outer film and the inner film of the double film 95.

  Each of the pipes 84 is fixed to the chains 82 and 93, so that the interval between the pipes 84 can be maintained without falling down in the closed state of the casing 10 as shown in FIG. When the casing 10 is opened, the chains 82 and 93 are folded as shown in FIG. 40. As a result, the interval between the pipes 94 is reduced, and the film 16 is collected on the frame member 12 side.

  Moreover, the moisture absorption part 20 is being fixed with respect to the casing 10 by the fixing member which is not shown in the position between the film 95 and the film of the sunny surface side.

  Therefore, in a state where the casing 10 is closed as shown in FIG. 39, the evaporating unit becomes hot when the moisture absorbing unit 20 receives sunlight directly, and the droplet forming unit does not receive sunlight directly. And the temperature becomes very low compared with an evaporation part by the synergistic effect that the double film 95 plays the role of a heat insulating material.

  As a result, in the droplet forming portion, the air that has entered from the moisture absorbing portion 20 as indicated by the arrow 96 in FIG. 39 becomes supersaturated, and the droplets adhere to the surfaces of the double films 16 and 95. And since the surface treatment which accelerates | stimulates droplet formation is given to the surface of the double films 16 and 95, droplet formation is accelerated | stimulated and a water droplet flows down into the storage tank 50 efficiently. And the air after the water vapor | steam which contains is made into a droplet returns to the moisture absorption part 20 of an evaporation part as shown by the arrow 97. FIG.

(Ninth embodiment)
Next, a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the first embodiment, when the casing 10 is closed, it is sufficient that the air in the casing 10 is substantially confined. The casing 10 does not need to be completely sealed, and a minute gap that does not hinder substantial confinement of air may be present at the end of the film 16 on the frame member 11 side.

  However, it is certain that the smaller the gap at the end of the film 16 on the frame member 11 side, the higher the substantial confinement effect. Therefore, the water droplet collection device 1 of the present embodiment has a configuration for improving the sealing degree in the casing 10 when the casing 10 is closed.

  41 and 42 show a cross section of the casing 10 and the hygroscopic portion 20 along a plane including the north-south direction and the vertical direction, and a configuration for opening and closing the casing 10. However, description of the internal structure of the moisture absorption part 20 is abbreviate | omitted for simplicity. FIG. 41 shows a state in the middle of moving the film 16 in the direction of the frame member 11, and FIG. 42 shows a state in which the casing 10 is closed by the film 16.

  As described above, the water droplet collecting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is held in a movable state by suspending the film 16 with the ring 55 on the wire rope 13 in a tension-adjusted state. The water droplet collection device 1 includes four ropes 98a, 98b, 99a, 99b tied to the end of the film 16 on the frame member 11 side, and four motors 100a, 100b, 101a for winding these ropes. , 101b.

  The ropes 98a and 98b are tied to the end portion of the sunny surface of the film 16, the rope 98a is wound by the motor 100a, and the rope 98b is wound by the motor 100b. The ropes 99a and 99b are tied to the end of the shaded surface of the film 16. The rope 99a is wound around the motor 101a, and the rope 99b is wound around the motor 101b.

  Moreover, the water droplet collection apparatus 1 has a microcomputer (not shown) that controls these motors. The method for determining the opening / closing timing of the casing 10 by the microcomputer is as described in the first embodiment.

  Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 41 and FIG. 42, the control contents of the microcomputer when the casing 10 is closed will be described. When the microcomputer determines that it is time to close the casing 10, the microcomputer controls the motors 100a and 101a to wind the ropes 98a and 99a. Then, as shown in FIG. 41, the motors 100a and 101a wind the ropes 98a and 99a in the direction from the frame member 12 to the frame member 11, and the film 16 is also pulled by the ropes 98a and 99a so that the end portions are It moves to the frame member 11 side. As a result, the casing 10 is gradually closed.

  Then, when the microcomputer rotates the motors 100a and 101a by the amount of rotation of the motors 100a and 101a determined in advance as the amount by which the frame member 11 side end of the film 16 exceeds the position of the frame member 11, the motor 100a, 101a is stopped. Thereby, the movement of the end portion of the film 16 on the frame member 11 side is stopped.

  Subsequently, the microcomputer controls the motors 100b and 101b to wind the ropes 98b and 99b. Then, as shown in FIG. 42, the motors 100b and 101b wind the ropes 98b and 99b substantially perpendicular to the direction from the frame member 12 to the frame member 11, and the film 16 is pulled by the ropes 98a and 99a. Then, the frame member 11 moves in the direction of winding.

  By doing in this way, the film 16 adheres to the frame member 11, and as a result, the casing 10 is sealed (more accurately, the sealing degree of the casing 10 is improved). Thereafter, the microcomputer may reversely rotate the motors 100a and 101a to release the ropes 98a and 99a. As a result, the ropes 98a and 99a bend while the ends of the film 16 on the frame member 11 side are stopped while being pulled by the ropes 98b and 99b.

  In addition, in this embodiment, in order to open the casing 10, the structure for moving the frame member 11 side edge part of the film 16 to the frame member 12 side (For example, it is connected with the frame member 11 side edge part of the film 16). The rope and the motor that pulls the rope in the direction of the frame member 12) are separately provided. Moreover, the method for sealing like this embodiment is applicable also to 2nd-8th embodiment.

(10th Embodiment)
Next, a tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on the differences from the ninth embodiment. This embodiment is different from the ninth embodiment in the configuration for improving the degree of sealing in the casing 10 when the casing 10 is closed.

  FIG. 43 shows a cross section of the casing 10 and the hygroscopic portion 20 by a plane including the north-south direction and the vertical direction and a configuration for opening and closing the casing 10 in the same format as FIGS. 41 and 42. FIG. 43 shows a state where sealing of the casing 10 with the film 16 is completed. In addition, the structure to which the same code | symbol was attached | subjected in FIG. 43 and FIG. 42 has the mutually same function.

  The water droplet collection device 1 of the present embodiment includes a rope 98a for moving the frame member 11 side end of the film 16 from the frame member 12 to the frame member 11 among the rope and motor shown in the ninth embodiment. , 99a and motors 100a, 101a. Furthermore, the water droplet collection device 1 of the present embodiment includes magnets (flexible magnets or solid magnets) 56a and 56b fixed to the entire circumference of the rectangular shape of the frame member 11 by adhesion or the like.

  A magnet (flexible magnet or solid magnet) 58 is also fixed by adhesion or the like on the entire periphery of the end portion of the film 16 on the frame member 11 side.

  Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 43, the control contents of the microcomputer when the casing 10 is closed will be described. When the microcomputer determines that it is time to close the casing 10, the microcomputer controls the motors 100a and 101a to wind the ropes 98a and 99a. Then, the motors 100a and 101a wind the ropes 98a and 99a in the direction from the frame member 12 to the frame member 11, and the film 16 is also pulled by the ropes 98a and 99a, and the end portion moves to the frame member 11 side. . As a result, the casing 10 is gradually closed.

  Then, when the microcomputer rotates the motors 100a and 101a by the amount of rotation of the motors 100a and 101a determined in advance as the amount by which the frame member 11 side end of the film 16 exceeds the position of the frame member 11, the motor 100a, 101a is stopped. Thereby, the movement of the end portion of the film 16 on the frame member 11 side is stopped.

  Then, the magnet 56 attached to the frame member 11 and the magnet 58 attached to the end of the film 16 attract each other. Due to this attractive force, the film 16 comes into close contact with the frame member 11, and as a result, the casing 10 is sealed (more accurately, the sealing degree of the casing 10 is improved).

  Thereafter, the microcomputer may reversely rotate the motors 100a and 101a to release the ropes 98a and 99a. As a result, the ropes 98 a and 99 a bend while the end of the film 16 on the side of the frame member 11 is stopped while being pulled by the magnet 56.

  In addition, the method for sealing like this embodiment is applicable also to 2nd-8th embodiment.

(Eleventh embodiment)
Next, an eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on portions different from the tenth embodiment. The present embodiment is different from the tenth embodiment in the configuration for improving the degree of sealing in the casing 10 when the casing 10 is closed.

  FIG. 44 shows a cross section of the casing 10 and the hygroscopic portion 20 along the plane including the north-south direction and the vertical direction and a configuration for opening and closing the casing 10 in the same format as FIG. FIG. 44 shows a state where sealing of the casing 10 with the film 16 is completed. In addition, the structure to which the same code | symbol was attached | subjected in FIG. 44 and FIG. 43 has the mutually same function.

  The water droplet collection device 1 of the present embodiment does not have the magnet shown in the tenth embodiment. And the shrinkable rubber | gum 57 is being fixed to the perimeter of the water droplet collection apparatus 1 side edge part of the film 16. FIG.

  Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 44, the control contents of the microcomputer when the casing 10 is closed will be described. When the microcomputer determines that it is time to close the casing 10, the microcomputer controls the motors 100a and 101a to wind the ropes 98a and 99a. Then, the motors 100a and 101a wind the ropes 98a and 99a in the direction from the frame member 12 to the frame member 11, and the film 16 is also pulled by the ropes 98a and 99a, and the end portion moves to the frame member 11 side. . As a result, the casing 10 is gradually closed.

  Then, when the microcomputer rotates the motors 100a and 101a by the amount of rotation of the motors 100a and 101a determined in advance as the amount by which the frame member 11 side end of the film 16 exceeds the position of the frame member 11, the motor 100a, 101a is stopped. Thereby, the movement of the end portion of the film 16 on the frame member 11 side is stopped.

  Then, the shrinkable rubber 56 attached to the end portion of the film 16 contracts, and as a result, the end portion of the film 16 is caught by the frame member 11. By this catching, the film 16 comes into close contact with the frame member 11, and as a result, the casing 10 is sealed (more precisely, the sealing degree of the casing 10 is improved).

  Thereafter, the microcomputer may reversely rotate the motors 100a and 101a to release the ropes 98a and 99a. As a result, the ropes 98 a and 99 a bend while the frame member 11 side end of the film 16 is stopped while being pulled by the magnet 56.

  In addition, the method for sealing like this embodiment is applicable also to 2nd-8th embodiment.

(Twelfth embodiment)
Next, a twelfth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the method of moving the film 16 when opening and closing the casing 10.

  In FIG. 45, the structure of the casing 10 which concerns on this embodiment is shown with a perspective view. In FIG. 45, the casing 10 is in an open state. The arrangement of the frame member 11 and the frame member 12 of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment. Further, the same film 14 as that in the first embodiment is stretched in the rectangle in which the frame member 11 has four sides, and the same as in the first embodiment in the rectangle in which the frame member 12 has four sides. A film 15 is stretched.

  However, the casing 10 of the present embodiment is not provided with the wire rope 13 shown in FIG. A rail groove facing the outside of the rectangle is formed on the entire circumference of the frame member 11 and the frame member 12.

  As shown in FIG. 45, the film 16 of the present embodiment has a rod-shaped shaft 30 extending from the end of the frame member 11 to the end of the frame member 12 when the casing 10 is open. It is designed to be wound up. The shaft 30 is rotatable using a motor (not shown) (hereinafter referred to as a shaft control motor) as a power source. The shaft control motor is controlled by a microcomputer (not shown). The method for determining the opening / closing timing of the casing 10 by the microcomputer is as described in the first embodiment.

  The structure and material of the film 16 of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. However, two rails 31 and 32 are fixed to the side of the surface of the film 16 that faces the inside of the casing 10 when the casing 10 is closed by adhesion or the like. The rails 31 and 32 are arranged in parallel to each other at the end of the film 16 on the side close to the frame member 11 and the end on the side different from the frame member 12. The rails 31 and 32 are made of a flexible material (for example, resin) that is deformed according to the bending of the film 16.

  The rails 31 and 32 are slidably fitted in the rail grooves of the frame member 11 and the frame member 12, respectively. FIG. 46 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion in which the rails 31 and 32 are fitted in the rail grooves, cut along a plane perpendicular to the rails 31 and 32. In this cross-sectional view, the structures of the films 14, 15, and 16 are simplified.

  Two ropes 34 and 35 are attached to the surface of the film 16 where the rails 31 and 32 are attached. The rope 34 is attached to the end side of the film 16 relative to the rail 31 and parallel to the rail 31, and the rope 35 is attached to the end side of the film 16 relative to the rail 32 and parallel to the rail 32.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 46, the attachment of the ropes 34 and 35 to the film 16 is realized by rounding the ends of the film 16 to form holes and passing the ropes 34 and 35 through the holes. . One end of each of the ropes 34 and 35 is exposed from the corner of the film 16 to the outside of the film 16 and is wound around a motor (not shown) (hereinafter referred to as a rope motor) at the exposed end. Yes. The rope motor is controlled by the microcomputer and can take up the ropes 34 and 35.

  Hereinafter, the opening / closing operation of the casing 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 47 to 49 are perspective views illustrating a process in which the film 16 is wound around the frame member 11 and the frame member 12 like a shutter as the rails 31 and 32 travel along the rail groove.

  First, when the microcomputer determines that it is time to close the casing 10, the shaft control motor is controlled to start rotating the shaft 30 in the direction of feeding the film 16 from the shaft 30. At this time, the ropes 34 and 35 are not wound by the rope motor.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 47, the rails 31 and 32 are pushed out together with the film 16 by the rotation of the shaft 30 in the feeding direction, and advance in the rail grooves of the frame members 11 and 12, respectively. Along with this, the film 16 covers the shaded surface of the casing 10.

  As shown in FIG. 48, the rotation of the shaft 30 in the feeding direction continues further, and the film 16 passes through the frame members 11 and 12 on the east surface side to the sunny surface and covers the sunny surface.

  Further, the rotation of the shaft 30 in the feed direction is continued, and the film 16 is controlled by a predetermined number of rotations as a rotation number for moving the film 16 to the extent that the film 16 goes around the outer periphery of the casing 10 and the casing 10 is closed. When the motor rotates, the microcomputer stops the rotation of the shaft control motor. In this state, the casing 10 is closed by the film 16 as shown in FIG.

  Subsequently, the microcomputer controls the rope motor to wind the ropes 34 and 35. Then, the ropes 34 and 35 are pulled in the direction of the rope motor, whereby the end on the frame member 11 side and the end on the frame member 12 side of the film 16 are squeezed and tightened by the ropes 34 and 35, respectively. It is done. Thereby, the edge part of the film 16 shrink | contracts, As a result, the clearance gap between the film 16 and the frame members 11 and 12 is lose | eliminated, and the sealing degree of the casing 10 becomes high.

  As described above, the casing 10 can be opened and closed by moving the film 16 by the shutter mechanism having the shaft 30, the rail grooves of the frame members 11 and 12, and the rails 31 and 32. A box member that houses the film 16 wound around the shaft 30 may be installed around the shaft 30.

  In this embodiment, a transparent glass (or transparent resin) plate material may be used as the film 16. In that case, the transparent glass (or transparent resin) plate material has a structure that bends at a certain interval so that the film 16 can be deformed when traveling along the rail groove.

  Also in this embodiment, the technology for increasing the sealing degree by the magnetic force of the magnet shown in the tenth embodiment may be further applied, and the sealing degree may be increased by the force of the shrinkable rubber shown in the eleventh embodiment. Further enhancement techniques may be applied.

(13th Embodiment)
Next, a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment. In FIG. 50, the structure of the water droplet collection apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment is shown typically. The water droplet collection device 1 of the present embodiment is different from the water droplet collection device 1 of the first embodiment in that the water droplet collection device 1 of the present embodiment includes a wall 111, a heat insulating material 112, a heat pipe 115, a fin 116, The fin 117 and the pipe 53 are provided.

  The moisture absorption part 20 of this embodiment is the same as the moisture absorption part 20 of 1st Embodiment. Moreover, the casing 10 of this embodiment is also the same as the water droplet collection device 1 of the first embodiment. However, the film 14 is not stretched on the frame member 11 (see FIG. 2), and a vent is provided in a part of the film 14 stretched on the frame member 12.

  The wall 111 extends to the end of the casing 10 on the side of the frame member 11 (that is, the upper end), and surrounds the cooling unit 113 that is always in communication with the space in the casing 10. Further, the wall 111 has openings on the upper side and the lower side in the direction opposite to the casing 10. The upper opening communicates with the external ground space, and the lower opening communicates with the pipe 53. A pipe 53 that is a part of the storage tank 50 communicates with the tank 51.

  In addition, a heat insulating material 112 is provided above the frame member 11 to block sunlight. A space (hereinafter referred to as a heat radiating portion 114) is formed between the heat insulating material 112 and the wall 111. Since the heat insulating material 112 blocks sunlight, the cooling unit 113 and the heat radiating unit 114 are shaded so as not to hit the sun.

  In this way, the heat insulating material 112 acts to insulate the energy of the solar heat and lower the temperature of the shaded portion. As the heat insulating material 112, a known material can be used. However, since this heat insulating material 112 is exposed to the atmosphere outdoors and also exposed to rain, wind, snow, and frost, it is preferable that it has durability. For example, calcium hydroxide, alumina fiber, carbon fiber felt material, urethane foam, foamed polystyrene, styrofoam, foamed urethane, foamed resin material, wood, cork material, brick, tile and the like are suitable.

  In addition, the plurality of heat pipes 115 are installed across the wall 111 and straddling the cooling unit 113 and the heat dissipation unit 114. In addition, fins 116 are attached to these heat pipes 115 on the cooling unit 113 side, and fins 117 are also attached on the heat dissipation unit 114 side.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the water droplet collecting apparatus 1 having such a configuration will be described. Similarly to the water droplet collection device 1 of the first embodiment, the water droplet collection device 1 of the present embodiment also absorbs moisture in the atmosphere by utilizing the humidity change generated by the temperature difference of the daily temperature, and the casing. 10 The water vapor is condensed and formed into droplets by utilizing the temperature difference between the sunlight in the sun and the shade not in the sunlight and the temperature difference of the daily temperature. .

  First, in the evening or at night, the casing 10 is opened as in the first embodiment. The determination of the opening timing and the actual opening operation are the same as in the first embodiment.

  When the casing 10 is opened, the inside of the casing 10 communicates with the atmosphere, and the relative humidity inside and outside the casing 10 becomes the same. When the relative humidity increases with a decrease in the outside air temperature and the relative humidity exceeds the reference humidity, the water absorbing member 23 absorbs water vapor in the air introduced into the casing 10.

  Thereafter, in the morning or noon, the casing 10 is closed. The determination of the closing timing and the actual closing operation are the same as in the first embodiment.

  After the casing 10 is closed, when sunlight strikes the casing 10 and the moisture absorption part 20, the temperature inside the casing 10 rises and becomes higher than the temperature outside the casing 10. As the temperature in the casing 10 increases, the relative humidity around the hygroscopic portion 20 decreases. Then, the moisture adsorbed on the water absorbing member 23 evaporates to become water vapor and is released into the casing 10.

  A large amount of the evaporated water vapor rises with the air heated in the casing 10 and reaches the sunny surface of the casing 10. Then, as shown by an arrow 4 in FIG. 1, a part of the high-temperature air rises along the sunny surface of the casing 10 and moves to the upper surface of the casing 10. It moves in the horizontal direction along the plane (ie, the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1) and reaches the west and east sides of the casing 10 as illustrated by the arrow 123.

  Then, as shown by an arrow 121, air flows from the outside of the casing 10 through a vent formed in the lower surface of the casing 10 so as to supplement a part of the raised air.

  On the west surface and the east surface of the casing 10, the temperature is lower than the surroundings of the hygroscopic part 20 receiving direct sunlight. Therefore, the air that has reached the west and east surfaces of the casing 10 is cooled and becomes supersaturated, and water vapor in the air is condensed to form droplets. As a result, water droplets adhere to the film 16 on the west and east sides of the casing 10. The water droplets flow down along the film 16 and are finally collected in the tank 51 through the pipe 52.

  On the other hand, a part of the air that has moved to the upper surface (the film is not stretched) of the casing 10 flows into the shaded cooling unit 113 as indicated by an arrow 122. And by the effect | action of the heat pipe 115 and the fins 116 and 117, the heat | fever of the cooling part 113 is discharge | released to the thermal radiation part 114, As a result, the temperature of the air which flowed in the cooling part 113 falls, As a result, air is a supersaturated state become. As a result, water vapor is converted into droplets in the cooling unit 113, and water droplets adhere to the walls 111 and the fins 116. Then, these water droplets are dripped down and collected in the tank 51 through the pipe 53. The air that has entered the cooling unit 113 and released the droplets escapes from the upper opening to the outside.

  On the other hand, the air cooled to the west surface and the east surface of the casing 10 descends as shown by the arrow 124 and goes around the shaded surface of the casing 10. On the shaded surface of the casing 10, sunlight is blocked by the moisture absorption part 20. Therefore, since the temperature rise in the casing 10 is small and the outside air directly under the shaded surface is also shaded, the temperature is low, so the temperature of the shaded surface of the casing 10 can be kept low. Therefore, the temperature on the shaded surface is not only lower than that on the sunny surface side, but also lower than that on the west and east portions of the casing 10.

  Therefore, the air that has entered the shaded surface from the west surface and the east surface of the casing 10 is further cooled, and water vapor in the air becomes supersaturated to condense and form droplets. As a result, water droplets adhere to the shaded film 16 of the casing 10. The water droplets flow down along the film 16 and are finally collected in the tank 51 through the pipe 52.

  In addition, the air cooled from the sun side to the shade side descends as indicated by the arrow 5 along the shade surface, is pushed up by the convection, returns to the periphery of the water absorbing member 23, and receives direct sunlight. The moisture absorption part 20 is heated and rises further including water vapor released from the water absorbing member 23.

  Thus, in the case of sunlight in the daytime, water vapor is released from the water absorbing member 23 and the air containing water vapor rises, so that outside air flows from the lower portion of the casing 10 and the air that has flowed in. Is heated and rises including water vapor, enters the cooling unit 113, is cooled, discharges droplets, and continues to escape from the cooling unit 113 to the outside.

  Further, in the case of sunlight during the day, a part of the air circulates between the sun face and the shade face of the casing 10. Therefore, the water vapor generated around the hygroscopic portion 20 rises to the sun face by the air, is transported to the shade face through the west face and the east face of the casing 10, and is formed into droplets on the west face, the east face and the shade face. The cycle is repeated. Thereby, using the difference between the temperature around the hygroscopic portion 20, the temperature around the west surface and the east surface, and the temperature around the shaded surface in the casing 10, water vapor can be collected as droplets.

  Note that air containing water vapor reaches the shaded surface from the sunny surface through the west surface and the east surface, and can return to the water absorbing member 23 because a gap is provided between the moisture absorbing portion 20 and the casing 10. Because it is.

  In this way, by making the liquid droplets using the temperature difference depending on the position in the casing 10, the water vapor collected by the water absorbing member 23 at night can be made into liquid droplets.

  As described above, according to the water droplet generator of the present embodiment, the casing 10 is opened when the relative humidity of the atmosphere is high, so that the water absorbing member 23 absorbs moisture, and sunlight is irradiated onto the casing 10. When the casing 10 is closed, the temperature in the casing 10 is raised to release moisture to the water absorbing member 23. Also, the temperature on the side where the sunlight hits and the side where the sunlight does not hit inside the casing 10 By utilizing the difference, the water vapor in the casing 10 can be efficiently made into droplets. For this reason, the water vapor | steam in air | atmosphere can be collect | recovered and a water droplet can be obtained using the temperature difference which generate | occur | produces naturally only by opening and closing of the casing 10. FIG.

  Moreover, the casing 10 may be opened when it is raining, when dew is formed, or when there is fog. In that case, rain, dew, and mist are absorbed by the water absorbing member 23 and the sheet 22, but excess water that cannot be absorbed dripped down and is captured by the water guiding member 24 attached immediately below the water absorbing member 23. Then, it is guided to the tank 51 through the water guide member 24. In addition, a large amount of water absorbed by the water absorbing member 23 during the night flows down like a spear as droplets at the initial stage when the sunlight hits, and is captured by the water guiding member 24 and travels through the water guiding member 24 to the tank 51. May lead to

  Here, a specific example of the amount of water (that is, the amount of droplets) that can be collected using the water droplet collection device 1 as in the present embodiment is shown. In this example, a summer day in Japan is taken as an example. Then, at the dawn of the day (5:00 am), the temperature immediately outside the sunny face of the casing 10 (hereinafter simply referred to as the sunny outside air) is 24 ° C. and the relative humidity is about 80 to 95%. Suppose that the temperature immediately outside (hereinafter simply referred to as shaded outside air) is 24 ° C. and the relative humidity is about 80 to 95%. In addition, at the daytime maximum temperature of the day (2 pm), the temperature of the outside sun is 35 ° C. and the relative humidity is about 30%, the temperature of the shade outside air is 28 to 29 ° C., and the relative humidity is about 40%. %. In the evening of the day (7:30 pm), the temperature of the sun's outside air was 28 ° C and the relative humidity was about 50%, and the temperature of the shaded outside air was 26 ° C and the relative humidity was about 50%. To do. And the sheet | seat 22 and the water absorption member 23 shall absorb sufficient water vapor | steam more than the quantity which can be discharge | released in the day on the previous day. In this example, the calculation is performed assuming that the cooling efficiency is 100%.

  On this day, when the sun rises and sunlight is applied to the moisture absorption unit 20, water vapor is released from the heated sheet 22 and the water absorbing member 23. According to the actual measurement, when the temperature on the sun side outside the casing 10 is 35 ° C., the temperature inside the casing 10 is about 28 ° C. to 29 ° C. on the shaded side, but the portion where the sun of the moisture absorbing portion 20 hits Rises to about 60 ° C. and the relative humidity is 40-50%.

  In this case, air having a temperature of 29 ° C. and a relative humidity of about 40% flows from the lower end of the casing 10. Then, the air is heated by the solar heat to a temperature of about 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% in the moisture absorption unit 20. In this case, the amount of water vapor that can be contained in the air is approximately 0.05 to 0.06 kg per kg of air.

  Thereafter, the air rises in the casing 10 and enters the cooling unit 113, where it is cooled to about 40 to 45 ° C. and becomes 100% relative humidity. Further, the air is cooled by the cooling unit 113, and the temperature becomes 29 ° C. and the humidity becomes 100%. In this case, the amount of water vapor that can be contained in the air is about 0.026 Kg per 1 kg of air, so that it becomes supersaturated and droplets are generated. That is, droplets having a droplet formation amount of 0.024 to 0.034 kg obtained by subtracting about 0.026 kg from 0.05 to 0.06 kg are discharged from 1 kg of air.

  The amount of water vapor remaining in the air without being formed into droplets (about 0.026 kg per 1 kg of air) is released into the atmosphere from the upper opening of the cooling unit 113.

In a specific experimental example, when a water absorption member 23 having a basis weight of 200 g / m ² is attached to a 4 m ² sheet 22, the water absorption member 23 absorbs about 500 g of water vapor at night, and about 350 g by solar heat in the daytime. Of the about 350 g of water vapor that was released, about 200 g was dropletized and the rest was released to the atmosphere.

  Here, the water collection effect by this embodiment is compared with the water collection effect in 1st Embodiment. In the first embodiment, when the casing 10 is closed, air is confined in the casing 10, so that the sealed air circulates in the casing 10 while the sun hits, so that more water vapor is generated. Obtainable.

  In the case of the first embodiment, when the temperature of the outside sun is about 35 ° C. and the relative humidity is about 30%, the temperature of the air near the water absorbing member 23 in the enclosed casing 10 is about 70 ° C. and the relative humidity 40 ~ 50%. This air contains 0.07 to 0.08 kg of water vapor per kg of air.

  This temperature of 70 ° C. is about 10 times that in the case where air is not confined as in the thirteenth embodiment (specifically, when air having a temperature of 29 ° C. and a relative humidity of 100% is released into the atmosphere). ℃ high. This is because, in the first embodiment, air circulates in the casing 10, so that the temperature is likely to be higher than when air is taken in from the outside as in the thirteenth embodiment.

  In this case, the circulating air is heated to a temperature of about 70 ° C. and a relative humidity of 40% to 50% by solar heat in the moisture absorption unit 20. In this case, the amount of water vapor that can be contained in the air is about 0.07 to 0.08 kg per kg of air.

  After that, the air moves in the casing 10 and is cooled on the shaded surface, so that the relative humidity becomes about 100% at about 50 ° C. Further, when the air is cooled to a temperature of 29 ° C. and a humidity of 100%, the amount of water vapor that can be contained in the air is about 0.026 Kg per 1 kg of air, so that it becomes supersaturated and droplets are generated.

  In the evening, when the temperature of the air in the casing 10 drops to 26 ° C., the amount of water vapor that can be contained in the air becomes 0.022 kg per 1 kg of air, and further droplet formation proceeds. As a result, it is possible to produce 0.038 to 0.048 kg of droplets per kg of air.

In a specific experimental example, when a water absorption member 23 having a basis weight of 200 g / m ² is attached to a 4 m ² sheet 22, the water absorption member 23 absorbs about 500 g of water vapor at night, and about 450 g by solar heat in the daytime. Of the about 450 g of water vapor released, about 330 g was dropletized and the rest was released to the atmosphere.

(Other embodiments)
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, the scope of the present invention is not limited only to the said embodiment, The various form which can implement | achieve the function of each invention specific matter of this invention is included. It is.

  For example, a volume change of wax (oxidized wax ester material) may be used as a power source for automatically moving the film 16 to open and close the casing 10. That is, wax is put into a container and the container is covered from above. And this container is installed in the place where the sun hits. By doing so, the wax is warmed and liquefied beyond the melting point in the daytime, and as a result, the volume of the wax increases and the lid is pushed up. Also, at night, the wax is cooled and solidifies below the melting point, and as a result, the volume of the wax is reduced and the lid is lowered.

  The lid is connected to a mechanism that pushes up the film 16 to close the casing 10 when the lid is raised and pushes down the film 16 to close the casing 10 when the lid is lowered. By doing so, the casing 10 automatically opens during the day and closes at night.

  Further, for example, as a power source for automatically moving the film 16 to open and close the casing 10, a shape memory alloy that changes its shape between a threshold temperature and below may be used. That is, this shape memory alloy is installed in a place where it is exposed to the sun, and when the shape memory alloy has a shape at a temperature equal to or higher than the threshold temperature, the film 16 is pushed up to close the casing 10, and the shape memory alloy is A mechanism that pushes down the film 16 and closes the casing 10 when the temperature is lower than the temperature is connected to the shape memory alloy. By doing so, the casing 10 automatically opens during the day and closes at night.

  Further, for example, a known flexible solar cell that allows sunlight to pass through is attached to the outer surface of the film 16 (outside of the casing 10) on the sunny surface of the film 16, and the electric power generated by the solar cell is used. The casing 10 may be opened and closed.

  In the thirteenth embodiment, a solar cell may be attached to the sun-side surface of the heat insulating material 112, and the casing 10 may be opened and closed using the power generated by the solar cell. As the solar cell attached to the heat insulating material 112, single crystal Si / polycrystal Si, microcrystalline Si, amorphous Si, GaAs, a photosensitized solar cell, or the like may be used.

  Further, for example, in the first to thirteenth embodiments, the casing 10 may be opened and closed using the gravity of water to be collected. Specifically, in the thirteenth embodiment (see FIG. 50), instead of the pipe 53, a temporary water collection tank may be installed at the lower opening of the cooling unit 113. The temporary water collection tank can move up and down between the lower opening of the cooling unit 113 and the tank 51.

  More specifically, the temporary water collection tank is located immediately below the lower opening of the cooling unit 113 when water is not contained therein, and a reference amount of water is contained within the tank. When it is contained above, it comes into contact with the tank 51. As a mechanism for realizing such a movement, for example, a pulley, a wire that hooks on the pulley and does not slip with respect to the pulley, and a weight fixed to one end of the wire are prepared, and the other end of the wire is temporarily provided. You may employ | adopt the method of fixing the tank for water collection.

  However, the temporary water collection tank is prohibited from moving up and down when the locking mechanism is locked, and is not allowed to move up and down when the locking mechanism is unlocked. Allowed. As such a locking mechanism, for example, a well-known mechanism for locking and unlocking the rotation of the pulley may be used. The lock mechanism is controlled by a microcomputer that determines the timing for releasing the casing 10 and the timing for closing the casing 10.

  Further, the temporary water collection tank has a known mechanism for transferring water inside itself to the tank 51 when it comes into contact with the tank 51.

  The temporary water collection tank is connected to the film 16 by a rope or the like so as to be interlocked with the film 16. Thus, when the temporary water collection tank moves upward, the film 16 rises and closes the casing 10, and when the temporary water collection tank moves downward, the film 16 descends to release the casing 10. It has become.

  In such a configuration, first, during the night, it is assumed that the temporary water collection tank is in contact with the tank 51 in an empty state, and the lock mechanism is in the locked state. In the morning, when the microcomputer determines that it is time to close the casing 10, the microcomputer sets the lock mechanism to the unlocked state. Then, the empty temporary water collection tank rises, and the film 16 rises accordingly, and the casing 10 is closed. At that time, the microcomputer sets the lock mechanism to the locked state.

  During the daytime, droplets are generated in the cooling unit 113, the droplets enter the temporary water collection tank, and the amount of water that has entered is equal to or greater than the reference amount before the casing 10 is released. When the timing for releasing the casing 10 is reached, the microcomputer sets the lock mechanism to an unlocked state. Then, the temporary water collecting tank containing water exceeding the reference amount falls and contacts the tank 51. Accordingly, the film 16 is pulled down and the casing 10 is released. At that time, the microcomputer sets the lock mechanism to the locked state. When the temporary water collection tank comes into contact with the tank 51, the water in the temporary water collection tank flows into the tank 51, and the temporary water collection tank becomes empty again.

  By repeating such a cycle, power is not consumed for raising and lowering the film 16.

  Further, for example, a tank that stores rainwater that falls from the water guide member 24 and a tank that stores water that flows from the films 14 and 16 (that is, water that has evaporated into droplets in the casing 10) may be separated. .

  In the above embodiment, the outer shape of the casing 10 is exemplified by a quadrangular prism or a pentagonal prism, but may be a hexagonal prism, a heptagonal prism, an octagonal prism, or the like.

  Further, for example, sheets 22 as shown in FIG. 23 may be stacked in a plurality of stages in one casing 10.

Further, for example, a plurality of casings 10 of the water droplet collection device 1 may be installed side by side in the north-south direction. However, at this time, it is preferable that one casing 10 is arranged as much as possible so as not to block sunlight that should hit other casings 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 51, when the south-mid altitude of the winter solstice is ε and the height of the casing 10 is h, the installation interval x in the north-south direction of the casing 10 is preferably larger than twice h / tan ε. In the thirteenth embodiment, the shutter mechanism is used as the opening / closing mechanism of the casing 10 by the film 16, but a curtain mechanism may be used instead of the shutter mechanism. In the curtain mechanism, the film 16 is not wound and stored around the shaft 30 when the casing 10 is released, but is folded like an accordion when the casing 10 is released.

  Moreover, in each said embodiment, although the films 14-16 and 95 were double films, these may be a single film. However, it may be a triple or more film. Even in the case of a triple or more film, it has a heat insulating effect. Moreover, when using a single film, it is preferable that the thickness of a film is 50-200 micrometers or more.

  Moreover, in each said embodiment, although mesoporous silica was used as the water absorption member 23, it is not restricted to this, The material shown to the following (1)-(15) can be used as the water absorption member 23. FIG.

(1) Sepiolite Sepiolite can be used as the water absorbing member 23. The chemical formula of sepiolite is Mg ₈ Si ₁₂ O ₃₀ (OH ₂ ) ₄ (OH) ₄ · 6 to 8H ₂ O, and is a clay mineral mainly composed of hydrous magnesium silicate. The general composition of sepiolite is: silicic acid (SiO ₂ ) 52.5%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 22.8%, aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) 1.7%, iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 0 0.8%, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.8%, potassium oxide (K ₂ O) 0.4%, sodium oxide (Na ₂ O) 0.3%, H ₂ O- (scattered at 110 ° C. or lower) 11 0.0%, H ₂ O + (scattered at 110 ° C. or higher) 10.5%.

  The structure of sepiolite 110 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 52, the sepiolite 110 is formed in a fiber shape having a large number of pores 111 inside the crystal lattice, and can absorb moisture in the pores 111 extending in the fiber axis direction. Sepiolite can also absorb moisture in the pores formed in the gaps between the fibers. The diameter of the pores 111 inside the crystal lattice is about 10 mm, can mainly absorb water vapor, and the opening diameter of the pores formed in the gaps between the fibers is about 200 mm, and mainly absorbs water droplets. can do.

  FIG. 53 shows the water absorption characteristics of sepiolite, and describes the mesoporous silica and silica gel described in the first embodiment for comparison. As shown in FIG. 53, sepiolite is different from the mesoporous silica of the first embodiment in that it absorbs a large amount of water vapor when the relative humidity is 60% or higher, and particularly when the relative humidity is 80% or higher. It has the property that the amount increases rapidly. For this reason, it can be suitably used in a high humidity environment. The water vapor (gaseous) absorbed in the crystal structure of sepiolite is aggregated and collected as water droplets in the crystal structure and exhibits a large water absorption even at a relative humidity of 100%. In this case, water is collected in the form of water droplets instead of water vapor, and can be collected in the voids between the particles and the voids between the fibers.

  Sepiolite's water vapor absorption characteristics vary slightly depending on the production area, but show relatively large absorption characteristics. Sepiolite is produced in Spain, Turkey, the United States, China, etc., and a small amount is also buried in Japan.

Sepiolite Turkish production is silica (SiO ₂₎ 57.0%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 23.0%, aluminum oxide _{(Al 2 O 3) 1.0%} , iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃₎ 0.5 %, Calcium oxide (CaO) 3.0%, potassium oxide (K ₂ O) 0.3%, sodium oxide (Na ₂ O) 0.2%, firing residue 14.5% in total 99.5% In addition, 15.5% (outside ratio) of water is contained. The bulk specific gravity is 0.35 g / cc, the specific surface area is 320 m ² / g (measured by the BET method), the pore distribution is 0.5 nm to several μm, and the pore diameter of several nm occupies many. Turkish sepiolite can absorb 0.3 to about 1 g of water vapor (gaseous) per gram, and can absorb about 0.5 to 5 g of water droplets.

Sepiolite produced in the United States is composed of 50.8% silicic acid (SiO ₂ ), 16.8% magnesium oxide (MgO), 1.8% aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), and 1.8% iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ). %, Calcium oxide (CaO) 10.0%, potassium oxide (K ₂ O) 0.4%, sodium oxide (Na ₂ O) 0.4%, firing residue 17.5%, a total of 99.5 or more In addition, it contains 9.4% moisture (outside ratio). Further, the bulk specific gravity is 0.75 g / cc, the specific surface area is 180 m ² / g (measured by the BET method), the pore distribution is 0.5 nm to several μm, and the pore diameter of several nm occupies the majority. American sepiolite can absorb 0.2 to about 0.8 g of water vapor per gram, and can absorb about 0.4 to 3 g of water droplets.

Sepiolite Chinese are silicate (SiO ₂₎ 49.0%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 16.7%, aluminum oxide _{(Al 2 O 3) 0.7%} , iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃₎ 1.0 %, Calcium oxide (CaO) 13.2%, potassium oxide (K ₂ O) 0.1%, sodium oxide (Na ₂ O) 0.0%, firing residue 19.0%, total 99.7% In addition, it contains 5.5% moisture (outside ratio). Further, the bulk specific gravity is 0.20 g / cc, the specific surface area is 100 m 2 / g (measured by the BET method), the pore distribution is 0.5 nm to several μm, and the pore diameter of several nm occupies the majority. Chinese sepiolite can absorb 0.15 to about 0.6 g of water vapor per gram, and can absorb about 0.3 to 2 g of water droplets.

  Here, the release of moisture absorbed by sepiolite will be described. The water vapor absorbed by sepiolite is generally held as water droplets aggregated mainly on the surface in the crystal lattice. In order to release water vapor (water droplets) absorbed by sepiolite, energy for vaporizing the water droplets is required, and when a calorific value of about 530 cal per 1 g of water is given, it is released as water vapor. Moreover, the water droplets absorbed by the sepiolite are mainly held between the fibers and the particles, and can be discharged with a heat quantity lower than about 530 cal per 1 g of water (about several to 50 cal per 1 g of water). Note that moisture is also released by a decrease in humidity around the water absorbing member 23.

  Energy for releasing water vapor (water droplets) absorbed by sepiolite can be obtained from solar energy. Moisture absorbed by sepiolite is released in proportion to solar energy (thermal energy). Therefore, when the solar energy is high, a large amount of water vapor (water droplets) can be released. For example, when sunlight is strong near the equator, a large amount of water vapor can be released and a large amount of water droplets can be produced.

(2) Attapulgite As the water absorbing member 23, attapulgite (also known as palygoskite) can be used. The chemical formula of attapulgite is represented by Mg ₈ Al ₂ Si ₈ O ₂₀ (OH ₂ ) · 8H ₂ O. The general composition of attapulgite is: silicic acid (SiO ₂ ) 53.64%, titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) 0.60%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 9.05%, aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) 8.76 %, Iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 3.36%, calcium oxide (CaO) 2.02%, potassium oxide (K ₂ O) 0.75%, sodium oxide (Na ₂ O) 0.83%, oxidation Iron (FeO) 0.23%, phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) 0.79%, H ₂ O- (scattered below 110 ° C) 9.12%, H ₂ O + (scattered above 110 ° C) 10. Shown at 89%.

  Attapulgite, like the above-mentioned sepiolite, is excellent in water absorption under a high humidity environment. In the water absorption region of attapulgite, the water absorption increases when the relative humidity is about 60% or higher, and shows a larger water absorption when the relative humidity is about 80% or higher. Even at a humidity of 100%, a large amount of moisture is absorbed. Attapulgite can absorb about 0.25 to about 1 g of water vapor per gram, and about 0.5 to 5 g of water droplets per gram.

(3) Imogolite As the water absorbing member 23, imogolite can be used. The chemical formula of imogolite is SiO ₂ · Al ₂ O 3 · 2H ₂ O, which is configured as a nanotube-like aluminum silicate. Imogolite is not a mineral but can be obtained by synthesis as follows. Imogolite by mixing sodium orthosilicate (Na ₄ SiO ₄ ) and aluminum chloride hexahydrate, adding NaOH aqueous solution, adjusting pH, adding hydrochloric acid and heating at about 100 ° C. for about 2 days. Can be synthesized.

  Like the above-mentioned sepiolite, imogolite is excellent in moisture absorption under a high humidity environment. Imogolite has the ability to absorb water vapor at a relative humidity of about 90% or higher and release water vapor at a relative humidity of about 90% or lower, and can stably absorb and release water vapor. Imogolite can absorb a large amount of water vapor, and a water absorption of 2 to 2.5 times per weight is obtained. Crystalline imogolite dried at room temperature after synthesis exhibits hygroscopic performance at a relative humidity of about 40% or more, and exhibits hygroscopic performance of up to about 0.8 g per gram. Crystalline imogolite freeze-dried after synthesis exhibits a large hygroscopic performance at a relative humidity of about 80% or more, and exhibits a hygroscopic performance of up to about 1 g per gram.

(4) Kanuma soil Kanuma soil can be used as the water absorbing member 23. Kanuma soil is a general term for pumice from Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture, used for agriculture and horticulture. The water absorption / release characteristics of Kanuma soil are the same as those of sepiolite. Kanuma soil increases in water absorption at a relative humidity of about 60% or more, shows a larger water absorption at about 80% or more, and shows a large water absorption even at a relative humidity of 100%. Kanuma soil can absorb about 0.1 to 0.2 g of water vapor per gram, and can absorb about 0.3 to 0.6 g of water droplets per gram.

(5) Montmorillonite Montmorillonite can be used as the water absorbing member 23. Montmorillonite, the main component of bentonite, is a clay mineral classified as smectite, a kind of layered silicate mineral. The crystal structure is formed by stacking three layers of a silicate tetrahedral layer, an alumina octahedral layer, and a silicate tetrahedral layer. The moisture absorption / release characteristics of montmorillonite are the same as those of the above-mentioned sepiolite. Montmorillonite increases the water absorption at a relative humidity of about 60% or more, exhibits a larger water absorption at a relative humidity of about 80% or more, and exhibits a large water absorption at a relative humidity of 100%. Montmorillonite can absorb about 0.1 to 0.2 g of water vapor per gram, and can absorb about 0.3 to 0.5 g of water droplets per gram.

(6) Vermiculite Vermiculite can be used as the water absorbing member 23. The chemical formula of vermiculite is (Mg, Fe, Al) ₃ (Al, Si) ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ .4H ₂ O, which is obtained by crushing the raw stone and rapidly heating and expanding it in a heating furnace. It is done. Vermiculite increases in water absorption at a relative humidity of about 60% or more, shows a larger water absorption at about 80% or more, and shows a large water absorption at a humidity of 100%. Vermiculite can absorb 0.05 to about 0.1 g of water vapor per gram, and can absorb about 0.1 to 0.3 g of water droplets per gram.

(7) Towada Lake Pumice As the water absorbing member 23, Towada Lake pumice can be used. Lake Towada pumice is a pumice produced in Lake Towada, and its composition is 70% silicic acid (SiO ₂ ), 15.1% aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₂ ), 3.7% calcium oxide (CaO), sodium oxide (Na ₂ O) 3.0% and potassium oxide (K ₂ O) 2.1%. The water absorption / release characteristics of Towada Pumice are the same as those of Sepiolite. Towada Lake pumice increases the amount of water absorption when the relative humidity is about 60% or more, shows a larger amount of water absorption when the relative humidity is about 80% or more, and shows a large amount of water absorption even when the relative humidity is 100%. Towada Pumice can absorb about 0.2 to 0.7 g of water vapor per gram, and can absorb about 0.5 to 1 g of water droplets per gram.

(8) Zeolite Zeolite can be used as the water absorbing member 23. Zeolite is a generic name for aluminosilicates with fine pores in the crystals. The water absorption / release characteristics of zeolite are the same as those of the above-mentioned sepiolite. Zeolite increases the amount of water absorption at a relative humidity of about 5 to 10% or more, exhibits a larger amount of water absorption at a relative humidity of about 80% or more, and exhibits a large amount of absorption even at a relative humidity of 100%. Zeolite can absorb about 0.3 to 0.5 g of water vapor per gram, and can absorb about 0.4 to 1 g of water droplets per gram.

(9) Allophane Allophane can be used as the water absorbing member 23. Allophane is configured as a hollow spherical aluminum silicate, wherein SiO ₂ / Al ₂ O ₃ is 1 to 2 and Si / Al is 0.5 to 1. The water absorption / release characteristics of allophane are the same as those of sepiolite described above. Allophane has a relatively large water absorption amount at a relative humidity of about 60% or more, and shows a slightly large absorption amount. Allophane can absorb about 0.2-0.3 g of water vapor per gram.

(10) Organic Hygroscopic Material As the water absorbing member 23, an organic hygroscopic material disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-219063 can be used. This organic moisture absorbent is composed of a water-absorbing resin dispersion formed by dispersing a water-absorbing resin or water-absorbing gel formed by polymerization in a polyol. The organic hygroscopic agent can be used by adhering to a ceramic monolith or non-woven fiber, or can be used by reacting another polyol with a polyisocyanate to form a polyurethane resin. This organic moisture-absorbing material can absorb about 1 g of water vapor per 1 g in a region where the relative humidity is about 40 to 100%.

  As the water absorbing member 23, a hygroscopic crosslinked acrylic fiber structure disclosed in JP-A-9-59872 can be used. This organic hygroscopic material can absorb and release about 1 to 2 g of water vapor per 1 g in a region where the relative humidity is about 40 to 100%.

  Further, as the water absorbing member 23, a material obtained by polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide, sodium acrylate and diacetone acrylate disclosed in JP-A-7-224119 can be used. This material has a large water absorption capacity, and absorbs about 100 times as much water and expands in volume.

  Further, as the water absorbing member 23, the material of the hygroscopic crosslinked acrylic fiber structure disclosed in JP-A-9-59872 can be used. This organic hygroscopic material can absorb and release about 1-2 g of water vapor per gram in a region where the relative humidity is about 40-100%.

  FIG. 54 shows the water absorption characteristics of polymerized N-isopropylacrylamide, sodium acrylate and diacetone acrylic acid amide, and the water absorption characteristics of the material of the hygroscopic crosslinked acrylic fiber structure. For comparison, the mesoporous silica and silica gel described in the first embodiment are described.

  Further, as the water absorbing member 23, a nonionic water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and an anionic water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer disclosed in JP-A-10-191777 are cross-linked. Can be used.

(11) Porous powder As the water absorbing member 23, a porous powder disclosed in JP-A-2006-272295 can be used. This porous powder is obtained by reacting sludge incineration ash with an acid aqueous solution and then neutralizing it. This material can absorb about 0.5 g of water vapor per gram.

(12) Carbonated solidified body As the water absorbing member 23, a carbonated solidified body can be used. As a carbonate solidified body, inorganic powder having a high specific surface area (Kanuma earth), which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-27999, and has a high specific surface area, which is 10 to 50% by weight of slaked lime and 30 to 70% by weight of inorganic waste powder. Natural zeolite, baked product of diatomaceous earth, dried product of diatomaceous earth), or 10-30 wt% of inorganic powder having a high specific surface area obtained by calcining a waste mainly composed of aluminum hydroxide at 100-500 ° C. In addition, a material obtained by carbonizing a water-containing green body made of a mixed powder can be used. In this carbonate solidified body, about 0.1 to 0.4 g of water vapor can be absorbed per 1 g.

  Moreover, as a carbonic acid solidified body, 10-50 weight% of slaked lime disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2006-27998, and inorganic waste powder 30-70 weight% which are cheap raw materials, such as clay roof tiles and bricks. It is also possible to use a material obtained by solidifying a hydrated green body as a mixed powder into carbonic acid. In this carbonate solidified body, about 0.1 to 0.3 g of water vapor can be absorbed per 1 g.

(13) Aluminum hydroxide-based material An aluminum hydroxide-based material can be used as the water absorbing member 23. The aluminum hydroxide material can be obtained by a method of heat-treating an aluminum hydroxide powder disclosed in JP-A-11-11939 at 300 to 800 ° C. under reduced pressure (0.9 atm or less). The aluminum hydroxide-based material obtained by this method can absorb about 0.1 to 0.3 g of water vapor per gram.

  In addition, an aluminum hydroxide-based material that has been made porous by heat treatment of aluminum hydroxide described in JP-A No. 2004-261702 can also be used. This porous aluminum hydroxide-based material can be used in a region where the relative humidity is 30 to 40%, and can absorb about 0.1 to 0.2 g of water vapor per 1 g.

(14) Humidity control material using allophane or imogolite-containing composition As the water absorbing member 23, a humidity control material using the allophane or imogolite-containing composition disclosed in JP-A-2004-115278 can be used. This humidity conditioning material can be obtained by adding an allophane or imogolite-containing composition and a calcium hydroxide-based curing agent and then carbonizing with a carbon dioxide-containing gas. This humidity conditioning material can absorb about 0.1 to 0.4 g of water vapor per gram.

(15) Humidity control material comprising porous material composition Humidity control material comprising a porous material composition disclosed in JP-A-9-294931 as the water absorbing member 23 (for example, hexadecyltrimethylammonium-based material) Can be used. This humidity conditioning material can be obtained by surrounding the organic substance having a surfactant or a long-chain alkyl group with silicon dioxide or fiber metal oxide and then polymerizing it, followed by baking or extraction to remove the organic substance. This humidity conditioning material has a function of absorbing and releasing water vapor in the range of 40 to 70% relative humidity with an average pore diameter of 2 to 6 nm, and about 0.1 to 0.4 g of water vapor per gram. Can be absorbed.

It is a schematic diagram of the water droplet collection apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of casing 10 in the opened state. It is a perspective view of casing 10 in the closed state. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a hygroscopic part 20. FIG. 4 is a back view of the moisture absorption unit 20. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of the casing 10 in the hygroscopic part 20. 3 is an enlarged view showing a molecular structure of mesoporous silica constituting the water absorbing member 12. FIG. It is a figure which shows the water | moisture-content absorption / release characteristic of mesoporous silica in the case of changing relative humidity. It is a figure which shows the relationship between temperature, relative humidity, and the water | moisture-content absorption / release characteristic of mesoporous silica. It is a figure which shows the example of installation angle (theta) + (alpha) of the moisture absorption part 20, and installation angle (beta) of the sheet | seat 22. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the sheet | seat 22 which has the laminated structure which consists of a some layer. It is sectional drawing which shows the sheet | seat 22 which performed the flocking process. It is sectional drawing which shows the sheet | seat 22 which pinches | interposes the metal plate (or metal night) 64 inside. It is sectional drawing which shows the sheet | seat 22 with a plane symmetrical fold. It is sectional drawing which shows the method of producing the sheet | seat 22 with a plane symmetrical fold. It is sectional drawing which shows the sheet | seat 22 with a non-plane symmetrical fold. It is sectional drawing which shows the method of producing the sheet | seat 22 with a non-plane symmetrical fold. It is sectional drawing which shows the sheet | seat 22 provided with two or more layers with a non-plane symmetrical fold. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a case where wires 63a and 63b are passed through ring portions 22d and 22e of a sheet 22. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the case where the edge part of the metal plate (or foil) 64 is made into the ring shape concentric with the ring parts 22d and 22e, and the wires 63a and 63b were passed through the ring. It is a figure showing the case where a plurality of sheets 22 are arranged in the north-south direction. It is a figure which shows the case where the some sheet | seat 22 is located in a line in the east-west direction. It is a figure which shows the structure and arrangement | positioning of the sheet | seat 22 in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure and arrangement | positioning of the sheet | seat 22 in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure and arrangement | positioning of the sheet | seat 22 in 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a partial expanded sectional view of the moisture absorption part 20 in 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which the opening-and-closing mechanism 70 of the film 16 in 5th Embodiment of this invention closed. It is sectional drawing of the state in which the opening-and-closing mechanism 70 was closed. It is sectional drawing in the state where the opening-and-closing mechanism 70 opened. It is a perspective view which shows the external shape of the casing 10 in 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the case where the opening / closing mechanism 80 of the film 16 is opened. It is a perspective view which shows the case where the opening / closing mechanism 80 of the film 16 is closed. 2 is a perspective view showing only a side surface other than a bottom surface of a pentagonal prism that forms an outer shape of a casing 10. FIG. It is a perspective view of the structure of the outer side of the frame member 11 in the casing 10 of 7th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a structure outside a frame member 12 in the casing 10. 3 is a side view of the outer shape of the casing 10. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the opening / closing mechanism 80 of the double film 16 in 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the opening / closing mechanism 80 in the surface between the pipe 91 and the pipe 92. FIG. It is sectional drawing when the casing 10 and the moisture absorption part 20 are cut in the AA cross section of FIG. 38 in the state where the casing 10 is closed. It is sectional drawing when the casing 10 and the moisture absorption part 20 are cut in the AA cross section of FIG. 38 in the state which the casing 10 is open. It is sectional drawing of the casing 10 and the moisture absorption part 20 in 9th Embodiment of this invention, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the state in the middle of moving the film 16 in the direction of the frame member 11. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the casing 10 and the moisture absorption part 20 in the state which the sealing of the casing 10 by the film 16 was completed. It is sectional drawing of the casing 10 and the moisture absorption part 20 in the state which sealing of the casing 10 by the film 16 in the 10th Embodiment of this invention was completed. It is sectional drawing of the casing 10 and the moisture absorption part 20 in the state which sealing of the casing 10 by the film 16 in 11th Embodiment of this invention was completed. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the open casing 10 which concerns on 12th Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion in which rails 31 and 32 are fitted in rail grooves, cut along a plane perpendicular to rails 31 and 32. 4 is a perspective view showing a process in which a film 16 is wound around the frame member 11 and the frame member 12. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a process in which a film 16 is wound around the frame member 11 and the frame member 12. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a process in which a film 16 is wound around the frame member 11 and the frame member 12. FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the water droplet collection apparatus 1 which concerns on 13th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which arranged the some casing 10 in the north and south. 4 is an enlarged view showing the molecular structure of sepiolite used as the water absorbing member 23. FIG. It is a figure which shows the water | moisture-content absorption / release characteristic of a sepiolite when a relative humidity is changed. Moisture absorption and release characteristics of polymerized N-isopropylacrylamide, sodium acrylate and diacetone acrylate amide when the relative humidity is changed, and moisture absorption of hygroscopic crosslinked acrylic fiber structure material -It is a figure which shows an emission characteristic.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water droplet collection apparatus 10 Casing 14, 15, 16, 95 Double film 20 Hygroscopic part 22 Sheet 23 Water absorption member 24 Water conveyance member 31, 32 Rail 34, 35, 98a, 98b, 99a, 99b Rope 50 Storage tank 56, 58 Magnet 57 Contractive rubber 70, 80 Opening / closing mechanism 81a, 81b, 84 Pipe 82, 83 Chain 113 Cooling part 114 Heat radiation part 115 Heat pipe 116, 117 Fin

Claims (6)

A translucent casing (10) that opens and closes;
A water absorbing member (23) provided in the casing (10), wherein the amount of water vapor absorbed increases as the relative humidity of the surrounding air increases;
A storage tank (50) for collecting water droplets in the casing (10),
In the casing (10), the first space (41) on the first side with respect to the water absorbing member (23) and the side opposite to the first side with respect to the water absorbing member (23). It is in communication with the second space (42) on the second side,
When the casing (10) is open, the water absorbing member (23) absorbs water vapor in the atmosphere,
When the casing (10) is closed and sunlight hits the water absorbing member (23) from the first side, the water absorbing member (23) absorbs the absorbed water in the casing (10). The air containing the water vapor is discharged from the first space (41) to the second space (42) on the shade side and cooled, thereby cooling the air. The water droplet collecting device, wherein the water vapor therein is formed into droplets on the inner surface of the casing (10) in the second space (42).   The water droplet collecting device according to claim 1, wherein the casing (10) has a structure of trapping air when closed. The casing (10) has a skeleton (16) constituting the outer shape of the casing (10) and a translucent film (14 to 16) constituting a wall of the casing (10).
The said film (14-16) is a film which overlapped more than double, The water droplet collection apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. The casing (10) is opened and closed by moving at least a part (16) of the films (14 to 16),
A bone member (73) extending in the moving direction of the part (16) is attached to the part (16),
The bone member (73) has a spiral structure in which a predetermined shape repeats in the moving direction, and the size of the predetermined shape increases stepwise as it moves away from one end of the part (16). The water droplet collecting device according to claim 1, wherein the water droplet collecting device is gradually reduced as it approaches the other end of the part (16).   It is a method of installing the water droplet collection apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4, Comprising: The sun to the said water absorption member (23) from the said 1st space (41) in the said casing (10). A method, characterized in that the water droplet collecting device is installed so as to hit.   The method according to claim 5, wherein the installation angle of the water absorbing member (23) is determined based on the south and middle altitude of the summer solstice at the place where the water droplet collecting device is installed.

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