JP2010106827A - Constituent member of high-temperature steam turbine and high-temperature steam turbine - Google Patents

Constituent member of high-temperature steam turbine and high-temperature steam turbine Download PDF

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JP2010106827A
JP2010106827A JP2009234723A JP2009234723A JP2010106827A JP 2010106827 A JP2010106827 A JP 2010106827A JP 2009234723 A JP2009234723 A JP 2009234723A JP 2009234723 A JP2009234723 A JP 2009234723A JP 2010106827 A JP2010106827 A JP 2010106827A
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steam turbine
temperature steam
constituent member
temperature
component
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Richard Brendon Scarlin
リチャード・ブレンドン・スカーリン
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a constituent member of a high-temperature steam turbine and a high-temperature steam turbine. <P>SOLUTION: The constituent member of the high-temperature steam turbine driven at a temperature exceeding 600°C, especially exceeding 700°C is made of a nickel base alloy. Adverse effects of oxidization of the constituent member caused by superheated vapor are prevented by the alloy to be used having the following composition (by wt.%): C: ≤0.2, Si: ≤1.0, Mn: ≤1.0, Cr: 22.0 to 25.0, Co: 15.0 to 25.0, Mo: ≤3.0, Nb: ≤2.0, Al: 1.0 to 3.0, Ti: 2.0 to 4.0, Fe: ≤2.0, Zr: ≤0.2, B: ≤0.05, Ni: the remaining part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、蒸気タービンの分野に関する。より詳細には、請求項１の上位概念による高温蒸気タービン用の構成部材、並びに高温蒸気タービンに関する。   The present invention relates to the field of steam turbines. More particularly, the present invention relates to a component for a high-temperature steam turbine according to the superordinate concept of claim 1 and a high-temperature steam turbine.

現代の蒸気タービンは、効率を高めるために非常に高い温度で運転される。６００℃より高い温度、特に７００℃より高い温度において必要な高温耐性（クリープ、疲労等）を達成するために、そのような高温蒸気タービンの多くの構成部材は、ニッケルベース合金から製造される。   Modern steam turbines are operated at very high temperatures to increase efficiency. In order to achieve the necessary high temperature resistance (creep, fatigue, etc.) at temperatures above 600 ° C., especially above 700 ° C., many components of such high temperature steam turbines are made from nickel-based alloys.

高い運転温度においては、使用される原材料（及びニッケルベース合金もまた）は、もし過熱蒸気に曝されると酸化される。これは特にタービン翼の場合であり、そのような酸化によって、次のようなことが引き起こされる。
・運転に関連する負荷（ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ−ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｌｏａｄ）を高める耐負荷面の喪失；
・疲労亀裂を引き起こす危険性を高める“微小ノッチ（ｍｉｃｒｏ−ｎｏｔｃｈｅｓ）”を粒界に沿って生じさせる酸化；
・不規則な酸化物層の形成、及び表面からの酸化物類のはく離の発生によって生じる表面粗さ（いずれの影響も表面を粗くし、これはタービンの空気力学的効率を減少させる）。 At high operating temperatures, the raw materials used (and also nickel-based alloys) are oxidized if exposed to superheated steam. This is particularly the case for turbine blades, and such oxidation causes the following.
Loss of load bearing surface to increase operation-related load;
• Oxidation that produces "micro-notches" along the grain boundaries that increase the risk of causing fatigue cracks;
• Surface roughness resulting from the formation of an irregular oxide layer and the exfoliation of oxides from the surface (both effects roughen the surface, which reduces the aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine).

６５０℃より高い運転温度を有する蒸気タービン発電所が、米国特許第７，２３８，００５号明細書（特許文献１）から公知であり、これは、負荷が変化する間の熱応力を低減するために、オーステナイト系耐熱鋼の代わりに、選択されたニッケルベース合金を、タービンの特定の構成部材、例えばケーシングや翼のために使用することによって特徴付けられている。この場合において問題となる合金は、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ及びＭｏの様々な割合を有し、実際には≦２１重量％のＣｒ割合、例えば、１１．０〜２０．０、又は１７．０〜２１．０重量％、あるいは１９．０〜２４．０重量％のＣｒ割合であるが、≦１５重量％のＣｏ割合、あるいは１９．０〜２５．０重量％のＣｒ割合であるが、Ｃｏ割合がなく、≦２．０重量％のＭｏ割合である。   A steam turbine power plant with an operating temperature higher than 650 ° C. is known from US Pat. No. 7,238,005, which is intended to reduce thermal stress during load changes. In particular, instead of austenitic heat resistant steels, selected nickel-based alloys are characterized by the use of specific components of the turbine, such as casings and blades. The alloy in question in this case has various proportions of Cr, Co and Mo, in practice Cr proportions of ≦ 21% by weight, for example 11.0-20.0, or 17.0-21. 0% by weight, or 19.0 to 24.0% by weight of Cr, but ≦ 15% by weight of Co, or 19.0 to 25.0% by weight of Cr, but without Co ≦ 2.0 wt% Mo ratio.

粒界の酸化、及びそれに関連する疲労亀裂の発生の問題、及び酸化に関連した表面粗さの問題は、特許文献１の解法の場合には重要とされていない。   The problem of oxidation of grain boundaries and the occurrence of fatigue cracks related thereto, and the problem of surface roughness related to oxidation are not considered important in the case of the solution of Patent Document 1.

米国特許第７，２３８，００５号明細書US Pat. No. 7,238,005

従って、本発明の課題は、可能性のある酸化及びその不都合な影響を考慮して、過熱蒸気に曝される、高度に負荷をかけることのできる（耐負荷性（ｌｏａｄａｂｌｅ））、過熱蒸気タービンの構成部材を向上させることであり、そしてそれに対応する過熱蒸気タービンを開示することでもある。   Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a highly loaded (loadable) superheated steam turbine that is exposed to superheated steam in view of possible oxidation and its adverse effects. And improving the corresponding components and disclosing a corresponding superheated steam turbine.

上記課題は、請求項１及び請求項４の特徴全体によって解決される。本発明の本質的な特徴は、構成部材が特定の合金から製造され、これは、該合金成分の選択、特にクロム割合に基づいて、ニッケルベース合金の高い運転温度での高強度を、粒界酸化、全般的な表面の酸化、及び表面の酸化物類のはく離に対して高い耐性とを兼ね備えるものである。   The above problem is solved by the entire features of claims 1 and 4. An essential feature of the present invention is that the components are manufactured from a specific alloy, which, based on the selection of the alloy components, in particular the chromium content, increases the high strength of nickel-based alloys at high operating temperatures. It combines high resistance to oxidation, general surface oxidation, and exfoliation of surface oxides.

本発明に従って使用される合金は、以下の組成（重量％で）を有する。
Ｃ：≦０．２
Ｓｉ：≦１．０
Ｍｎ：≦１．０
Ｃｒ： ２２．０〜２５．０
Ｃｏ： １５．０〜２５．０
Ｍｏ： ≦３．０
Ｎｂ： ≦２．０
Ａｌ： １．０〜３．０
Ｔｉ： ２．０〜４．０
Ｆｅ： ≦２．０
Ｚｒ： ≦０．２
Ｂ： ≦０．０５
Ｎｉ： 残部
本発明の一形態によれば、Ｃｒの割合は、２３．０〜２５．０（重量％）の範囲に限定される。 The alloy used according to the present invention has the following composition (in weight percent):
C: ≦ 0.2
Si: ≦ 1.0
Mn: ≦ 1.0
Cr: 22.0-25.0
Co: 15.0-25.0
Mo: ≦ 3.0
Nb: ≦ 2.0
Al: 1.0 to 3.0
Ti: 2.0-4.0
Fe: ≦ 2.0
Zr: ≦ 0.2
B: ≦ 0.05
Ni: remainder According to one aspect of the present invention, the proportion of Cr is limited to the range of 23.0 to 25.0 (wt%).

構成部材は、好ましくは蒸気タービン翼である。   The component is preferably a steam turbine blade.

本発明の高温蒸気タービンは、以下の組成（重量％）を有するニッケルベース合金からなることを特徴とする。
Ｃ： ≦０．２
Ｓｉ： ≦１．０
Ｍｎ： ≦１．０
Ｃｒ： ２２．０〜２５．０
Ｃｏ： １５．０〜２５．０
Ｍｏ： ≦３．０
Ｎｂ： ≦２．０
Ａｌ： １．０〜３．０
Ｔｉ： ２．０〜４．０
Ｆｅ： ≦２．０
Ｚｒ： ≦０．２
Ｂ： ≦０．０５
Ｎｉ： 残部
一形態によれば、この場合のＣｒの割合は、２３．０〜２５．０（重量％）の範囲に限定される。構成部材は、特に高温蒸気タービン翼である。 The high-temperature steam turbine of the present invention is characterized by comprising a nickel-base alloy having the following composition (% by weight).
C: ≦ 0.2
Si: ≦ 1.0
Mn: ≦ 1.0
Cr: 22.0-25.0
Co: 15.0-25.0
Mo: ≦ 3.0
Nb: ≦ 2.0
Al: 1.0 to 3.0
Ti: 2.0-4.0
Fe: ≦ 2.0
Zr: ≦ 0.2
B: ≦ 0.05
Ni: remainder According to one embodiment, the proportion of Cr in this case is limited to the range of 23.0-25.0 (wt%). The component is in particular a high temperature steam turbine blade.

続いて、本発明を図面と関連させてより詳細に説明する。   The invention will now be described in more detail in connection with the drawings.

図１は、本発明に従う、市場から入手可能な合金（Ｎｉｍｏｎｉｃ １０１（登録商標））と、市場から従来入手可能な合金（Ｗａｓｐａｌｏｙ（登録商標））との、１，０００時間後の平均クリープ破壊強度を温度に関して比較したグラフを示す。FIG. 1 shows the average creep rupture after 1,000 hours of a commercially available alloy (Nimonic 101®) and a conventionally available alloy from the market (Waspalo®) according to the invention. 2 shows a graph comparing strength with respect to temperature. 図２は、図１からの二種の合金について、平均引張り強度を温度に関して比較したグラフを示す。FIG. 2 shows a graph comparing the average tensile strength with respect to temperature for the two alloys from FIG.

本発明によれば、６００℃以上の高温蒸気による負荷がかかる高温蒸気タービンの構成部材、特に翼（回転翼及び／又は静止翼）にニッケルベース合金が使用され、このニッケルベース合金は、比較的に高い含有量のＣｒとＣｏによって特徴付けられ、そして次の組成を（重量％で）有する。
Ｃ： ≦０．２
Ｓｉ： ≦１．０
Ｍｎ： ≦１．０
Ｃｒ： ２２．０〜２５．０
Ｃｏ： １５．０〜２５．０
Ｍｏ： ≦３．０
Ｎｂ： ≦２．０
Ａｌ： １．０〜３．０
Ｔｉ： ２．０〜４．０
Ｆｅ： ≦２．０
Ｚｒ： ≦０．２
Ｂ： ≦０．０５
Ｎｉ： 残部
この結果、運転温度での高い強度によって特徴付けられ、そして粒界における酸化、及び全般的な表面における酸化に対して大きな耐性を有し、かつ表面から酸化物層がはく離する傾向を示さない、構成部材が実現される。 According to the present invention, a nickel base alloy is used for a component of a high temperature steam turbine, particularly a blade (rotary blade and / or stationary blade), which is loaded with a high temperature steam of 600 ° C. or higher. Is characterized by a high content of Cr and Co and has the following composition (in wt%):
C: ≦ 0.2
Si: ≦ 1.0
Mn: ≦ 1.0
Cr: 22.0-25.0
Co: 15.0-25.0
Mo: ≦ 3.0
Nb: ≦ 2.0
Al: 1.0 to 3.0
Ti: 2.0-4.0
Fe: ≦ 2.0
Zr: ≦ 0.2
B: ≦ 0.05
Ni: balance As a result of this, it is characterized by high strength at the operating temperature and has a great resistance to oxidation at grain boundaries and oxidation at the general surface, and the tendency of the oxide layer to peel off from the surface. Components not shown are realized.

Ｃｒ含有量２２．０〜２５．０重量％に代えて、２３．０〜２５．０重量％の制限された範囲を有利に使用することができる。   Instead of a Cr content of 22.0-25.0% by weight, a limited range of 23.0-25.0% by weight can be advantageously used.

本発明に従う組成分布範囲内にある、市場から入手可能なニッケルベース合金は、商品名Ｎｉｍｏｎｉｃ １０１（登録商標）によって知られている。この公知のニッケルベース合金は、２４．２重量％のＣｒ、１９．７重量％のＣｏ、１．５重量％のＭｏ、３．０重量％のＴｉ、１．４重量％のＡｌ、１．０重量％のＮｂ、及び４８．０重量％のＮｉを含有しており、蒸気タービンの構成部材には従来使用されていなかったものである。   A commercially available nickel base alloy within the composition distribution range according to the invention is known by the trade name Nimonic 101®. This known nickel-based alloy comprises 24.2 wt% Cr, 19.7 wt% Co, 1.5 wt% Mo, 3.0 wt% Ti, 1.4 wt% Al, 1. It contains 0% by weight of Nb and 48.0% by weight of Ni and has not been conventionally used as a component for steam turbines.

市場から入手可能なもう一方のニッケルベース合金、すなわちＷａｓｐａｌｏｙ（登録商標）（１８．０〜２１．０重量％のＣｒ及び１２．０〜１５．０重量％のＣｏだけを含有する）との比較によって、６００℃を超える高温においてでさえ、本発明による合金が顕著な利点を有することが明らかである。   Comparison with another commercially available nickel-based alloy, Waspaloy® (containing only 18.0-21.0 wt.% Cr and 12.0-15.0 wt.% Co) It is clear that the alloys according to the invention have significant advantages even at high temperatures above 600 ° C.

従って、図１は、Ｎｉｍｏｎｉｃ １０１（登録商標）の、問題の温度範囲、６００より高温〜６５０℃内の１，０００時間（Ｒｍ、１０００ｈ）における平均クリープ破壊強度が、Ｗａｓｐａｌｏｙ（登録商標）の対応する値よりも最大で１６％高いことを示している。   Accordingly, FIG. 1 shows that the average creep rupture strength of Nimonic 101 (registered trademark) in the temperature range in question, from 1,000 to 650 ° C. in 1,000 hours (Rm, 1000 h), is the correspondence of Waspaloy (registered trademark). It is 16% higher than the value to be.

同様に、図２によれば、Ｎｉｍｏｎｉｃ １０１（登録商標）の、６５０℃を超える温度での平均引張り強度（Ｒｍ）は、Ｗａｓｐａｌｏｙ（登録商標）のそれよりも若干高い。   Similarly, according to FIG. 2, the average tensile strength (Rm) of Nimonic 101® at temperatures above 650 ° C. is slightly higher than that of Waspaloy®.

全体として、以下の利点が本発明によって創出される。
・翼の機械的故障が排除される（長い耐用年数）；
・増大した表面粗さによる空気力学的効率の損失が回避される。 Overall, the following advantages are created by the present invention.
-Mechanical failure of the wing is eliminated (long service life);
-Loss of aerodynamic efficiency due to increased surface roughness is avoided.

Claims (6)

６００℃、特に７００℃を超える温度で運転される高温蒸気タービンの構成部材であり、該構成部材がニッケルベース合金からなるものであって、その使用される該合金が次の組成を（重量％で）有することを特徴とする、上記構成部材。
Ｃ： ≦０．２
Ｓｉ： ≦１．０
Ｍｎ： ≦１．０
Ｃｒ： ２２．０〜２５．０
Ｃｏ： １５．０〜２５．０
Ｍｏ： ≦３．０
Ｎｂ： ≦２．０
Ａｌ： １．０〜３．０
Ｔｉ： ２．０〜４．０
Ｆｅ： ≦２．０
Ｚｒ： ≦０．２
Ｂ： ≦０．０５
Ｎｉ： 残部 A component of a high-temperature steam turbine operated at a temperature exceeding 600 ° C., particularly 700 ° C., the component comprising a nickel-based alloy, wherein the alloy used has the following composition (wt% In the above, the above-mentioned structural member.
C: ≦ 0.2
Si: ≦ 1.0
Mn: ≦ 1.0
Cr: 22.0-25.0
Co: 15.0-25.0
Mo: ≦ 3.0
Nb: ≦ 2.0
Al: 1.0 to 3.0
Ti: 2.0-4.0
Fe: ≦ 2.0
Zr: ≦ 0.2
B: ≦ 0.05
Ni: remaining 前記Ｃｒの割合が、２３．０〜２５．０重量％の範囲に限定されることを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の構成部材。   The component according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of Cr is limited to a range of 23.0 to 25.0 wt%. 前記構成部材が、高温蒸気タービンの翼であることを特徴とする、請求項１又は２に記載の構成部材。   The constituent member according to claim 1, wherein the constituent member is a blade of a high-temperature steam turbine. ６００℃、特に７００℃を超える温度で運転される高温蒸気タービンであり、該高温蒸気タービンが、過熱蒸気に曝される構成部材を含むものであって、該構成部材が、次の組成を（重量％で）有するニッケルベース合金からなることを特徴とする、高温蒸気タービン。
Ｃ： ≦０．２
Ｓｉ： ≦１．０
Ｍｎ： ≦１．０
Ｃｒ： ２２．０〜２５．０
Ｃｏ： １５．０〜２５．０
Ｍｏ： ≦３．０
Ｎｂ： ≦２．０
Ａｌ： １．０〜３．０
Ｔｉ： ２．０〜４．０
Ｆｅ： ≦２．０
Ｚｒ： ≦０．２
Ｂ： ≦０．０５
Ｎｉ： 残部 A high-temperature steam turbine operated at a temperature exceeding 600 ° C., particularly 700 ° C., wherein the high-temperature steam turbine includes a component exposed to superheated steam, the component having the following composition ( A high-temperature steam turbine, characterized in that it consists of a nickel-based alloy having (by weight percent).
C: ≦ 0.2
Si: ≦ 1.0
Mn: ≦ 1.0
Cr: 22.0-25.0
Co: 15.0-25.0
Mo: ≦ 3.0
Nb: ≦ 2.0
Al: 1.0 to 3.0
Ti: 2.0-4.0
Fe: ≦ 2.0
Zr: ≦ 0.2
B: ≦ 0.05
Ni: remaining 前記Ｃｒの割合が、２３．０〜２５．０重量％の範囲に限定されることを特徴とする、請求項４に記載の高温蒸気タービン。   The high-temperature steam turbine according to claim 4, wherein the Cr ratio is limited to a range of 23.0 to 25.0 wt%. 前記構成部材が、高温蒸気タービンの翼であることを特徴とする、請求項４又は５に記載の高温蒸気タービン。   The high-temperature steam turbine according to claim 4, wherein the constituent member is a blade of a high-temperature steam turbine.
JP2009234723A 2008-10-13 2009-10-09 Constituent member of high-temperature steam turbine and high-temperature steam turbine Pending JP2010106827A (en)

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