JP2010081824A - Spraying implement - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform spraying by an accurate spraying amount irrespective to the properties of various fertilizers or medicines in a spraying implement equipped with a spraying device 10 capable of adjusting the spraying amount of raw materials to be sprayed such as the fertilizer or medicine housed in a hopper 18 and also a controlling means 43 for automatically controlling the spraying amount based on the detection of vehicle speed, on a traveling vehicle body 1. <P>SOLUTION: This spraying implement is constituted by equipping a mode-switching means 38 for switching a working mode and test mode, ejecting the raw material to be sprayed for a prescribed time by controlling the spraying amount-adjusting means 19 so as to become the spraying amount at a prescribed vehicle speed by switching the mode-switching means 38 to the test mode and correcting the spraying amount based on the ejected amount, ejected during the prescribed time. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a spraying machine that performs traveling work by connecting various spraying apparatuses for farming that spray fertilizers, medicines, and the like on a farm field.

When spraying chemicals and fertilizer by driving the spraying device with live PTO power that transmits PTO power at a constant speed, the spraying amount by the spraying device according to the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body in order to spray uniformly the entire field For example, as shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, fertilizers and chemicals are based on detection signals from a vehicle speed sensor (rotation sensor) provided in the traveling vehicle body. What is comprised so that the shutter opening degree of this spreading device may be controlled is known.
JP 2004-329067 A JP 2008-161088 A

  According to the conventional spraying device, the shutter opening degree is controlled in accordance with the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body, so that fertilizer and chemicals can be uniformly sprayed on the field regardless of the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body. However, in recent years, there is a mode changeover switch that can be selected and set in multiple stages depending on the properties of the fertilizer and chemicals, etc. It is carried out so that it can be adjusted.

  However, depending on various conditions such as the type of fertilizer, the type of drug, and their properties, the appropriate application amount may differ, and accurate setting may not be possible. Further, in order for the worker to correct the spray amount, the worker must rely on the operator's intuition, and therefore, the spray tends to be inaccurate.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to such a point, and an object thereof is to enable proper spraying without depending on the intuition of an operator.

[Configuration of the first invention]
The first invention includes a hopper, a spraying device for spraying a spraying raw material such as fertilizer or a medicine accommodated in the hopper, and a spraying amount adjusting means for adjusting a spraying amount sprayed from the spraying port. And a mode switching means for switching between the work mode and the test mode, the mode switching means being a test mode, and a control means for automatically controlling the spread rate adjusting means based on detection of the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body By switching to, the spray amount adjusting means is controlled so that the spray amount at a predetermined vehicle speed is obtained, and the spray raw material is discharged from the spray port for a predetermined time, and the discharge amount discharged from the spray port during the predetermined time is The present invention is characterized in that a spray amount correction means for correcting the spray amount is provided.

[Operation of the first invention]
When spraying with a spraying raw material selected from various fertilizers and chemicals, it is possible to perform the spraying work with an appropriate spraying weight per unit area, that is, per driving speed, according to the type and properties of the spraying raw material. desirable.

  In the control means, relationships such as certain conditions (type of sprayed material, temperature, humidity, etc.), the spray amount at a predetermined vehicle speed, the opening of the spray port, and the like are stored in advance. According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the test mode is performed, the opening of the spray port corresponding to the spray amount at a predetermined vehicle speed is set based on certain preset conditions (type of spray raw material, temperature, humidity, etc.). The degree and the like are set, and the spray material is sprayed from the spray port (work mode).

In the first aspect of the invention, a test mode for discharging and weighing the sprayed material is provided separately from the actual work (working mode) for spraying the sprayed material. In this case, if the actual conditions in the test mode are the same as the above-mentioned certain conditions, the actual spraying amount of the sprayed material in the test mode should match the spraying amount at the predetermined vehicle speed described above. If the actual condition in the test mode is different from the above-mentioned certain condition, the actual spray amount of the sprayed material in the test mode may not match the spray amount at the predetermined vehicle speed.
According to the first aspect of the invention, as described above, when the actual spray amount of the sprayed material in the test mode does not match the spray amount at the predetermined vehicle speed, the actual spray material discharge amount in the test mode is used. Thus, the spray amount at a predetermined vehicle speed is corrected (for example, the opening degree of the spray port corresponding to the spray amount at the predetermined vehicle speed is corrected so that the spray amount at the predetermined vehicle speed is actually sprayed). .

  Thus, according to the first aspect of the present invention, before starting the actual work of spraying the sprayed material, the test mode is performed using the sprayed material that is actually sprayed, thereby adapting to the actual work of spraying the sprayed material. As described above, it becomes possible to accurately correct the spraying amount at a predetermined vehicle speed, and spraying of the spraying amount per unit area suitable for the kind of spraying raw material, temperature, humidity, and the like can be performed.

[Effect of the first invention]
Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to spray a spray amount per unit area suitable for the spray raw material, so that it is possible to eliminate the waste of the spray raw material and to grow a good plant. It was.

[Configuration of the second invention]
According to the second aspect of the invention, the spraying amount adjusting means in the first aspect of the invention is constituted by a shutter whose opening degree can be adjusted.

[Operation and effect of the second invention]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the spraying amount adjusting means is constituted by the shutter, the shutter is suitably used as a means for adjusting the spraying amount of the solid fertilizer, solid medicine, seeds and the like contained in the hopper. The productivity can be improved at a low cost with a simple configuration because it can be corrected and the amount of spraying can be easily corrected at a predetermined vehicle speed by adjusting the shutter opening.

[Configuration of the third invention]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect or the second aspect, the measuring container is provided at a position retracted from the spraying port, and when the mode switching means is switched to the test mode, the measuring container moves to the spraying port, When the sprayed material is discharged from the spray port and the spraying of the sprayed material is stopped after a predetermined time, the weight of the sprayed material stored in the weighing container is automatically weighed by the weighing device, and the sprayed amount is corrected based on the measured value. In addition, when the mode switching means is switched to the work mode, the measuring container is retracted to the retracted position.

[Operation and effect of the third invention]
According to the configuration of the third aspect of the invention, when the mode switching means is switched to the test mode in a state where the traveling vehicle body is stopped before the start of the spraying work, the measuring container moves to the spraying port, and the sprayed raw material is sprayed to the spraying port. When the discharge of sprayed material is stopped after a predetermined time has elapsed, the weight of the sprayed material stored in the weighing container is automatically weighed by the weighing device, and the sprayed amount is corrected based on the measured value. The When the mode switching means is switched to the work mode, the measuring container is retracted to the retreat position, and when traveling is started in the work mode, the spraying operation is performed with the spraying amount corrected to an appropriate spraying amount corresponding to the traveling speed. Is called.
Therefore, according to the third aspect of the present invention, the weighing container moves to the spraying port only by switching the mode switching means to the test mode. The sprayed raw material is discharged into the weighing container for a predetermined time, and the discharge weight stored in the container is automatically weighed. Based on this, the spraying amount is corrected and the appropriate spraying amount is sprayed. Therefore, it is possible to easily perform the weighing operation and to carry out a spraying operation without waste.

[Configuration of the fourth invention]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention, a spray amount corresponding to the vehicle speed is calculated or acquired from map data based on a correction value by the spray amount correction means, and a calculated value or acquisition The application amount adjusting means is controlled based on the data.

[Effects of the fourth invention]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the amount of spraying corresponding to the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body is calculated or acquired from the map data, and the spraying amount adjusting means is controlled based on this, so the accuracy according to the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body It has become possible to automatically perform good spraying.

  FIG. 1 shows a side view of an agricultural tractor (an example of a spreader) according to the present invention. In this agricultural tractor, a steering handle 5 is provided at the rear of the bonnet 4 provided at the front of the traveling vehicle body 1 on which the front wheels 2 and the rear wheels 3 are driven, and a driver's seat 6 is provided behind the steering handle 5. A fertilizer spraying device 10, which is an example of a spraying device, is connected to the rear portion of the traveling machine body 1 through a three-point link mechanism 9 including a top link 7 and a lower link 8 so as to be movable up and down. It is comprised by the spreader specification which drives the fertilizer spreader 10. FIG.

  FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the transmission system of this agricultural tractor. The output of the engine 11 mounted in the bonnet 4 at the front of the machine body is transmitted to the main transmission 13 comprising a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission (HST) via the main clutch 12, and the shift from the main transmission 13 is performed. After the power is shifted to a plurality of stages by the gear-type auxiliary transmission mechanism 14, the power is transmitted to the rear wheel 3 that is the main propulsion wheel and the front wheel 2 for steering. A part of the engine power inputted to the main transmission 13 is taken out from the PTO shaft 16 as live PTO power via the PTO clutch 15 without being shifted, and transmitted to the feeding mechanism 17 of the fertilizer spreading device 10. It has become.

  The fertilizer spraying apparatus 10 includes a hopper 18 and a shutter 19 as a spraying amount adjusting means in a feeding mechanism 17 provided at a lower portion of the hopper 18, and sprays fertilizer fed downward from the hopper 18 through the shutter 19. It is comprised so that it may spread on a farm field from the opening | mouth 20.

  The shutter 19 adjusts the amount of fertilizer falling from the hopper 18 and adjusts the spread amount. The shutter 19 is linked to a stepping motor 26 as an electric actuator, and the opening degree of the shutter 19 is increased by forward / reverse driving of the stepping motor 26. In addition to being adjusted to a large or small size, the opening degree of the shutter 19 is detected by a shutter opening degree sensor 27 using a potentiometer.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a monitor 29 using a touch panel type liquid crystal display is disposed on the upper surface of the driving operation column 28 having the steering handle 5. The liquid crystal screen 30 of the monitor 29 includes a touch-type power switch 31, a shutter open switch 32 that opens and closes the shutter 19, a shutter close switch 33, a setting and release switch 34, a spray weight per unit area (for example, 10a) (opening of the shutter 19 Degree setting switch 35 and weight reduction switch 36, type setting switch 37 for setting the granularity of the sprayed material, mode switching switch 38 as mode switching means for switching between the working mode and the test mode, and the spraying weight per unit area are displayed. There is provided a spray weight display section 39 for performing the operation and a shutter opening display meter 40 for displaying the opening (spreading amount) state of the shutter 19 in a graph.

  When the power switch 31 is touched once, it becomes “ON” and the entire liquid crystal screen 30 becomes bright, and when touched again, it becomes “OFF” and the entire liquid crystal screen 30 becomes dark. The operation is repeated. When the shutter open switch 32 is touched, the display lamp (red) is lit and the shutter 19 is opened to the set value. When the shutter close switch 33 is touched, the display lamp (red) is lit and the shutter is opened. The display lamp (red) of the switch 32 is turned off and the shutter 19 is fully closed. When the setting button 34a is touched, the setting / release switch 34 determines the spraying weight per unit area set, and when the release button 34b is touched, the setting returns to the spraying weight per unit area before work, and the increase switch 35 and the decrease switch 36 are turned on. When touched, the spray weight per unit area can be increased or decreased, and the spray weight per unit area is displayed on the spray weight display section 39 in association with this.

  As shown in FIG. 4, map data indicating the spraying amount per unit time with respect to the traveling speed in relation to the spraying amount per unit area on the field, or data indicating the relationship between the spraying amount per unit time and the shutter opening degree. A data reading device 41 for reading various arithmetic expressions, an opening sensor 27 for detecting the opening of the shutter 19, and a vehicle speed sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the final transmission shaft located below the transmission of the auxiliary transmission shaft of the auxiliary transmission mechanism 14. The rotation sensor 42, the power switch 31 of the monitor 29, the shutter open switch 32, the shutter close switch 33, the setting and release switch 34, the increase switch 35, the decrease switch 36, the type setting switch 37 and the mode change switch 38 are controlled by the control device 43. As an input system, a stepping motor 26, a spread weight display 39 of the monitor 29, and a shutter. The degree display meter 40 is connected to the control device 43 as an output system, and is configured to perform the drive control of the stepping motor 26 based on the detection of the rotation sensor 42 and the operation of the switches 31 to 38 and the display on the liquid crystal screen. .

  The control device 43 detects a reverse shift state from a feedback sensor 44 that detects an actual shutter opening degree, an alarm device 45 such as an alarm lamp, and a shift operation direction of a shift operation tool (pedal or lever) in the main transmission 13. A reverse detection sensor 46 is connected.

Next, the work mode will be described.
When the work mode is set, the operator operates the increase / decrease switches 35 and 36 based on the type of fertilizer and sets the spray weight per unit area. In the control device 43, map data includes the shutter opening degree (spreading weight per unit area), the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body 1, the actual opening degree of the shutter 19, the actual spraying amount from the spraying port 20, and the like. Therefore, when the spray weight per unit area is set as described above, the opening degree of the shutter 19 corresponding to the spray weight per unit area is derived from the map data.

  Thereby, in the work mode, the fertilizer is sprayed based on the opening of the shutter 19 corresponding to the spray weight per unit area, and according to the change in the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body 1 detected by the rotation sensor 42. Thus, the opening degree of the shutter 19 is controlled (operated) to the open and closed sides, and the spray weight per unit area is sprayed regardless of the change in the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body 1. During this work mode, it is possible to change the spray weight per unit area by operating the increase / decrease switches 35 and 36, and the shutter corresponding to the changed spray weight per unit area as described above. 19 openings are derived from the map data.

  When the reverse operation is performed during the work, and the reverse state of the traveling machine body is detected by the reverse detection sensor 46, the spraying of fertilizer is stopped, the alarm lamp 45 is displayed, and the work is resumed when the forward operation is performed. When stopping the fertilizer application, the shutter closing switch 33 is operated to stop the fertilizer supply.

  The initial setting of the type setting switch 37 is OFF. When the pressing operation is repeated, the grain, sand, powder, and OFF are sequentially repeated. Only the display lamp (red) of the corresponding display portion is lit, and the other display lamps are turned on. Turns off. Grain (granular fertilizer) corresponds to the case of chemical fertilizer, sand (sandy fertilizer) to yorin, etc., powder (powdered fertilizer) corresponds to the case of bitumen lime, etc. When OFF is lit, the initial setting value is obtained.

As described above, in a state where the spreading weight per unit area is set by the increase / decrease switches 35 and 36, the operator visually determines the state of the fertilizer (spreading raw material) and presses the type setting switch 37. Thus, the opening degree of the shutter 19 corresponding to the spread weight per unit area can be manually corrected in a plurality of stages.
In this case, for example, when the type setting switch 37 is pressed to set “grain”, the opening degree of the shutter 19 corresponding to the spray weight per unit area is slightly corrected to the open side. This is because if fertilizer grains are large, fertilizer bridging is likely to occur, and it is considered that the fertilizer does not easily come out instead of the opening degree of the shutter 19 (the actual spraying amount is small instead of the opening degree of the shutter 19). It is. Conversely, when the type setting switch 37 is pressed to set “powder”, the opening degree of the shutter 19 corresponding to the spray weight per unit area is slightly corrected to the closed side. This is because if the fertilizer grains are small, it is considered that the fertilizer is likely to be produced instead of the opening degree of the shutter 19 (the actual spraying amount is large instead of the opening degree of the shutter 19).

As described above, when the spray weight per unit area is set by the increase / decrease switches 35 and 36, the opening of the shutter 19 corresponding to the spray weight per unit area can be set by pressing the type setting switch 37. A test mode is provided separately from the manual correction state. Hereinafter, the test mode will be described.

  Before fertilizer application, an operator attaches a fertilizer receiver (not shown) (bag or box) to the spray port 20. The engine 11 is started, the power switch 31 of the liquid crystal screen 30 is turned on, and the mode changeover switch 38 is changed to the test mode (when the mode changeover switch 38 is changed to the test mode, the operation portion of the mode changeover switch 38 is lit in red. The switch is turned off when the switch is turned on, and the weight increase / decrease switches 35 and 36 are operated to display the weight displayed on the fertilizer receiver on the spray weight display 39 (the weight displayed on the fertilizer receiver is the spray weight per unit area). The shutter opening switch 32 is operated.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the shutter 19 automatically starts to open from the time when the shutter opening switch 32 is operated, and is operated to the opening degree of the shutter 19 corresponding to the sprayed weight per unit area after t0 time. The shutter 19 is maintained at the opening degree of the shutter 19 corresponding to the spray weight per unit area only during the time (T-t0-t1). When a predetermined time (T-t1) elapses from the time when the shutter opening switch 32 is operated, the shutter 19 automatically starts to close, and after a predetermined time (T) elapses from the time when the shutter opening switch 32 is operated, the shutter 19 close.

  During this time, since the fertilizer discharged from the spraying port 20 is collected in the fertilizer receptacle, the operator removes the fertilizer receptacle, measures the weight of the fertilizer collected in the fertilizer receptacle with a measuring instrument (not shown), and measures it. The control unit 43 inputs the weight Q to the control device 43 (for example, when the increase and decrease switches 35 and 36 are operated to display the same value as the weight Q on the spray weight display unit 39, the control device 43 displays the spray weight display unit 39. (The numerical value displayed in is taken in as weight Q).

When the weight Q is input to the control device 43, the spray amount M per unit time is calculated in the control device 43 by the following arithmetic expression.
M = Q / (T− (t0 + t1) / 2)
In the control device 43, map data includes the shutter opening degree (spreading weight per unit area), the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle body 1, the actual opening degree of the shutter 19, the actual spraying amount from the spraying port 20, and the like. Therefore, when the weight displayed on the fertilizer receptacle is set as the spray weight per unit area, the opening degree of the shutter 19 (spray amount at a predetermined vehicle speed) is derived from the map data.

  As a result, the control device 43 compares the spray amount M per unit time with the opening of the shutter 19 (spray amount at a predetermined vehicle speed). If the spray amount M per unit time matches the opening of the shutter 19 (spray amount at a predetermined vehicle speed), the correction value is not set. If the spray amount M per unit time does not match the opening of the shutter 19 (spray amount at a predetermined vehicle speed), the spray amount M per unit time and the opening of the shutter 19 (spray amount at a predetermined vehicle speed) A correction value is set based on the difference between.

  After the correction value is set in the test mode as described above, the work mode is set from the test mode. In the work mode, when the opening of the shutter 19 corresponding to the spread weight per unit area is set by the increase / decrease switches 35 and 36 and the work is started, the opening of the shutter 19 (at a predetermined vehicle speed) is started based on the correction value. Fertilizer so that the application weight per unit area set by the increase and decrease switches 35 and 36 is automatically controlled (corrected) (no need to operate the type setting switch 37). Is evenly dispersed.

[Another embodiment]
(1) In the above-described embodiment, the type setting switch 37 is provided. However, the type setting switch 37 may be omitted and only the test mode may be provided.

(2) As shown in FIG. 6, the weighing container 48 and the weighing device 51 are provided at a position retracted from the spraying port 20 (see the position of the two-dot chain line in FIG. 6), and the electric motor that drives the weighing container 48 and the weighing device 51. You may comprise so that the motor 50 may be provided.
Accordingly, when the test mode is set, the weighing container 48 and the weighing device 51 are automatically moved to the position of the spray port 20 by the electric motor 50 and stopped (see the position of the solid line in FIG. 6). The test mode described in the best mode for carrying out the invention is automatically performed. In this case, when the fertilizer discharged from the spout 20 is collected in the measuring container 48, the weight of the fertilizer collected in the measuring container 48 is automatically measured by the measuring device 51 and automatically sent to the control device 43. Entered.

  (3) Store map data of the spray rate and vehicle speed, and control the shutter opening (spray rate adjusting means) based on the spray rate per unit time obtained according to the vehicle speed from the map data. Also good.

(4) In the above embodiment, solid fertilizer is used as the spraying raw material, and the shutter 19 is used as the spraying amount adjusting means, but in combination with the shutter 19 or independently, the rotation of the feeding mechanism is controlled by the electric motor, You may comprise so that the feeding amount of the spreading | spreading raw material by a feeding mechanism may be controlled by control of rotation speed.
Alternatively, liquid fertilizer or liquid medicine may be used as the spraying raw material, a variable valve may be used as the spraying amount adjusting means, and the variable valve may be controlled by the control device 43 to adjust the flow rate.

  (5) The shutter 19 is generically referred to as a spread amount adjusting means, the mode changeover switch 38 is referred to as mode switching means, and the control device 43 is collectively referred to as control means.

  (6) The spraying device 10 may be a fertilizer spraying device, a fertilizer application device for spraying fertilizer, seeds or lime on the field, a seeding device, lime sowa (lime spraying), or the like. Etc.

Side view of a tractor with spreader Block diagram showing tractor transmission system Illustration of the monitor Block diagram of control system Graph showing spray rate in test mode Partial side view of spraying device

Explanation of symbols

1 Traveling body 10 Spraying device (fertilizer spraying device)
13 Hopper 19 Spreading amount adjusting means (shutter)
20 Spraying port 38 Mode switching means (mode switch)
43 Control means (control device)
48 Weighing container (fertilizer receiver)
52 Spray amount correction means

Claims (4)

  A spraying device provided with a sprayer for spraying a hopper, a spraying raw material such as fertilizer or a medicine contained in the hopper, and a spraying amount adjusting means for controlling a spraying amount sprayed from the spraying port on the traveling vehicle body; A spraying machine having control means for automatically controlling the spraying amount adjusting means based on detection of the vehicle speed of the vehicle body comprises mode switching means for switching between a work mode and a test mode, and this mode switching means is switched to the test mode. Thus, the spraying amount adjusting means is controlled so that the spraying amount at a predetermined vehicle speed is controlled, and the spraying raw material is discharged from the spraying port for a predetermined time and discharged from the spraying port during the predetermined time. A spraying work machine comprising spraying amount correcting means for correcting the spraying amount based on the amount.   The spraying work machine according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount adjusting means is a shutter whose opening is adjustable.   A weighing container is provided at a position retracted from the spraying port, and when the mode switching means is switched to the test mode, the weighing container moves to the spraying port, and the sprayed material is discharged from the spraying port and after the predetermined time has elapsed, When the discharge is stopped, the weight of the sprayed raw material stored in the weighing container is automatically weighed by the weighing device, the spray amount is corrected based on the measured weight value, and the mode switching means is switched to the work mode. The spraying machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weighing container is configured to be retracted to a retracted position.   The spray amount corresponding to the vehicle speed is calculated or acquired from map data based on the correction value of the spray amount by the spray amount correcting means, and the spray amount adjusting means is controlled based on the calculated value or the acquired data. The spraying work machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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