【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は稲或いは麦など作物を生育する圃場内を走行し乍ら肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料を散布する散布作業機に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
トラクタなど走行車の移動中に肥料ホッパ内の肥料を散布羽根に掻飛ばして散布する肥料散布機がある。（例えば、特許文献１参照）
【０００３】
【特許文献１】特開２００２−１４２５２３
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記の如き肥料散布機にあっては、トラクタなど走行車の車速が変動すると均一散布が出来ないので作業者は車速の変化を目測で判断して散布装置の散布量調節用シャッタの開度をその都度調節して、均一散布となるように作業を行う必要があるばかりでなく、走行車の後側に散布装置を装備させるため、シャッタ開度の調節を行う場合には作業者は後向き姿勢となって作業性が極めて悪かった。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
したがって本発明は、圃場に肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料を散布する散布装置を走行車に装備させた散布作業機において、走行車の車速の検出に基づいて散布装置の散布量を自動調節する散布量調整手段を設けて、トラクタなど走行車の対地速度の変化に応じた適正な散布量に調節して、肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料の均一散布を容易に可能とさせて、作物の生育性を向上させるものである。
【０００６】
また、走行車の車速信号に基づいて散布装置の散布量調節用シャッタを予め設定した開度に保つように設けて、車速に関係なく肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料の良好な均一散布を可能とさせて、均一散布精度を向上させるものである。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳述する。図１は全体の側面図を示し、図中１はトラクタであり、エンジン２を内設させるボンネット３両側に左右の前輪４・４を装設させ、前記ボンネット３後部に丸形操向ハンドル５を設け、該ハンドル５後方に運転席６を配置させ、運転席６両側外方に左右の後輪７・７を装設させる。
【０００８】
図２にも示す如く、前記トラクタ１の後側にトップリンク８及びロアリンク９からなる３点リンク機構１０を介し肥料散布装置（ブロードキャスタ）１１を昇降自在に装備させるもので、肥料散布装置１１は前記リンク８・９後端に連結させる施肥フレーム１２と、施肥フレーム１２に固設する肥料ホッパ１３と、肥料ホッパ１３の下部に設ける散布量調節用シャッタ１４と、該シャッタ１４下方に配設させトラクタＰＴＯ軸に自在継手軸１５を介し連結して回転する散布羽根１６とを備え、ホッパ１３からシャッタ１４を介し下方に落下する肥料を散布羽根１６の回転によって掻飛ばして圃場に散布するように構成している。
【０００９】
前記散布量調節用シャッタ１４はホッパ１３底板の肥料落下穴と、底板下側に回転自在に摺接させる円板状シャッタ１４の流量調整穴との重合面積の変化で、ホッパ１３からの肥料落下量を調節し散布量を調整するもので、シャッタ１４を回転操作するレバー１７を揺動リンク１８を介し電動式シャッタ開度調節モータ１９に連結させて、調節モータ１９の正逆駆動でシャッタ１４の開度を大小に調節すると共に、揺動リンク１８の支点軸２０に連結するポテンショメータ形開度センサ２１でシャッタ１４の開度を検出するように構成している。
【００１０】
図３、図４にも示す如く、前記操向ハンドル１５を有する運転操作コラム２２の上面にタッチパネル式液晶ディスプレイであるモニタ２３を配設させると共に、ＧＰＳ（全地球測位システム）衛生からの電波をＧＰＳ受信機２４に受信するアンテナ２５を運転キャビン２６後部上面に固定させるもので、モニタ２３の液晶画面２７は押ボタン式の電源入切スイッチ２８と、押ボタン式のシャッタ開閉スイッチ２９と、押ボタン式のシャッタ開度設定及び解除スイッチ３０と、シャッタ１４を段階的に開閉する押ボタン式の増量スイッチ３１及び減量スイッチ３２と、シャッタ１４の開度（散布量）状態を棒グラフ表示させるシャッタ開度表示メータ３３とを設けている。
【００１１】
また、前記電源スイッチ２８は１回押すと入、２回押すと切となる動作を繰り返し、前記開閉スイッチ２９は１回押すと設定値まで開き、２回押すと全閉となる動作を繰り返し、前記設定及び解除スイッチ３０は設定ボタン３０ａを押すと作業前に設定シャッタ開度（設定値）を決定し、解除ボタン３０ｂを押すと作業前のシャッタ開度（元の設定値）に戻り、前記増量及び減量スイッチ３１・３２押すとシャッタ開度を１段ずつ開及び閉とさせるように設けている。
【００１２】
さらに図４に示す如く、土壌サンプリング車によって行った圃場のマップデータなど記録する磁気ディスク３４の圃場マップ読取り機３５と、ミッションケース副変速軸の回転などより車速を検出する車速センサ３６と、前記ＧＰＳ受信機２４と、前記モニタ２３の各スイッチ２８〜３２とにコントローラ３７を入切接続させると共に、前記調節モータ１９とモニタ２３の表示メータ３３にコントローラ３７を出力接続させて、車速センサ３６の検出や各スイッチ２８〜３２の操作に基づいた調節モータ１９の駆動制御や表示メータ３３による表示を行うように構成している。
【００１３】
そして図５に示す如く、散布作業前に基準車速に対応したシャッタ開度の設定を行うもので、電源スイッチ２８の入操作後に設定ボタン３０ａ操作で予め設定した基準車速に対応したシャッタ開度を決定させ、この設定シャッタ開度を表示メータ３３に表示させ、次に開閉スイッチ２９の開操作するとき車速センサ３６で検出される車速に対応する設定開度まで調節モータ１９を駆動してシャッタ１４を開き、作業中車速が増減速するときには車速の変化に応じたシャッタ開度に制御して圃場に肥料を均一散布させ、このような自動散布量制御中作業者の判断で増量スイッチ３１或いは減量スイッチ３２をオン操作するとき、シャッタ１４を１段ずつ開いて或いは閉じて手動による散布量の増減調節を任意に行う。また、このような手動による散布量調節中前記解除ボタン３０ｂをオン操作するとき、元（初期）の設定開度（設定値）に基づいたシャッタ１４の自動開度制御に復帰させる。
【００１４】
さらに、散布作業中前記受信機２４にＧＰＳ信号が入力され、トラクタ１の走行現在位置がコントローラ３７に入力されるとき、走行場所に応じた肥料散布量が選定され、前記モータ１９の駆動制御による散布量制御が行われるもので、例えば地図上での肥料成分の少ない地点では散布量を自動的に多くし、多い地点では散布量を自動的に少なくして圃場全面に略均一に肥料を散布する作業が行われる。
【００１５】
上記からも明らかなように、圃場に肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料を散布する散布装置１１を走行車であるトラクタ１に装備させた散布作業機において、トラクタ１の車速の検出に基づいて散布装置１１の散布量を自動調節する散布量調整手段であるシャッタ開度調節モータ１９を設けたことによって、トラクタ１など走行車の対地速度の変化に応じた適正な散布量に調節して、肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料の均一散布を容易に可能とさせて、作物の生育性を向上させることができる。
【００１６】
また、トラクタ１の車速信号に基づいて散布装置１１の散布量調節用シャッタ１４を予め設定した開度に保つことによって、車速に関係なく肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料の良好な均一散布を可能とさせて、均一散布精度を向上させることができる。
【００１７】
【発明の効果】
以上実施例から明らかなように本発明は、圃場に肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料を散布する散布装置１１を走行車１に装備させた散布作業機において、走行車１の車速の検出に基づいて散布装置１１の散布量を自動調節する散布量調整手段１９を設けたものであるから、トラクタなど走行車１の対地速度の変化に応じた適正な散布量に調節して、肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料の均一散布を容易に可能とさせて、作物の生育性を向上させることができるものである。
【００１８】
また、走行車１の車速信号に基づいて散布装置１１の散布量調節用シャッタ１４を予め設定した開度に保つものであるから、車速に関係なく肥料或いは薬剤など土壌調整原料の良好な均一散布を可能とさせて、均一散布精度を向上させることができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】散布装置を装備させるトラクタの側面図。
【図２】散布装置の側面図。
【図３】モニタの説明図。
【図４】制御回路図。
【図５】シャッタ開度制御のフローチャート。
【符号の説明】
１ トラクタ（走行車）
１１ 散布装置
１４ シャッタ
１９ 調節モータ（散布量調整手段）[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a spraying machine for spraying soil adjustment raw materials such as fertilizers and chemicals while traveling in a field where crops such as rice or wheat grow.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art There is a fertilizer spreader that scrapes and spreads fertilizer in a fertilizer hopper onto a spraying blade while a traveling vehicle such as a tractor is moving. (For example, see Patent Document 1)
[0003]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2002-142523
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the fertilizer spreader as described above, if the vehicle speed of a traveling vehicle such as a tractor fluctuates, uniform spraying cannot be performed. Therefore, the worker judges the change in the vehicle speed by visual observation and adjusts the opening degree of the spray amount adjusting shutter of the spraying device. It is necessary not only to adjust each time to perform the work so as to obtain uniform spraying, but also to equip the rear side of the traveling vehicle with a spraying device. The workability was extremely poor.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present invention provides a spraying machine equipped with a traveling device for spraying a soil conditioning material such as a fertilizer or a chemical on a field, and a spraying device that automatically adjusts a spraying amount of the spraying device based on detection of a vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle. Providing an amount adjustment means to adjust the appropriate amount of application according to the change of the ground speed of the traveling vehicle such as a tractor, to make it possible to easily apply the soil adjustment raw materials such as fertilizers or chemicals easily, and to improve the growth of the crop. Is to improve.
[0006]
In addition, the spraying amount adjusting shutter of the spraying device is provided so as to be maintained at a preset opening degree based on the vehicle speed signal of the traveling vehicle, thereby enabling good uniform spraying of soil adjustment raw materials such as fertilizers or chemicals regardless of the vehicle speed. Thus, the uniform spraying accuracy is improved.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a side view of the entirety, in which 1 is a tractor, in which left and right front wheels 4, 4 are mounted on both sides of a hood 3 in which an engine 2 is installed. The driver's seat 6 is disposed behind the steering wheel 5, and left and right rear wheels 7.7 are provided outside both sides of the driver's seat 6.
[0008]
As shown in FIG. 2, a fertilizer application device (broadcaster) 11 is provided at the rear side of the tractor 1 via a three-point link mechanism 10 including a top link 8 and a lower link 9 so as to be able to move up and down freely. Reference numeral 11 denotes a fertilizer application frame 12 connected to the rear ends of the links 8 and 9, a fertilizer hopper 13 fixed to the fertilizer application frame 12, a spray amount adjusting shutter 14 provided below the fertilizer hopper 13, and a lower part of the shutter 14 below. And a spray vane 16 connected to the tractor PTO shaft via a universal joint shaft 15 and rotating. The fertilizer falling downward from the hopper 13 via the shutter 14 is scraped by the rotation of the spray vane 16 to be sprayed on the field. It is configured as follows.
[0009]
The shutter 14 for adjusting the amount of spraying drops the fertilizer from the hopper 13 due to the change in the overlapping area between the fertilizer drop hole in the bottom plate of the hopper 13 and the flow rate adjustment hole of the disk-shaped shutter 14 that is slidably contacted with the bottom of the bottom plate. The lever 17 for rotating the shutter 14 is connected to an electric shutter opening adjustment motor 19 via a swing link 18 so that the shutter 14 can be rotated in the forward and reverse directions. The opening of the shutter 14 is detected by a potentiometer-type opening sensor 21 connected to the fulcrum shaft 20 of the swing link 18 while adjusting the opening of the shutter 14.
[0010]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a monitor 23 which is a touch panel type liquid crystal display is arranged on the upper surface of the driving operation column 22 having the steering handle 15 and a radio wave from a GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite is transmitted. An antenna 25 to be received by the GPS receiver 24 is fixed on the rear upper surface of the driving cabin 26. The liquid crystal screen 27 of the monitor 23 has a push button type power ON / OFF switch 28, a push button type shutter open / close switch 29, and a push button type shutter open / close switch 29. A button type shutter opening / setting switch 30, a push button type increasing switch 31 and a decreasing switch 32 for opening and closing the shutter 14 stepwise, and a shutter opening for displaying the opening (spraying amount) state of the shutter 14 in a bar graph. A degree display meter 33 is provided.
[0011]
When the power switch 28 is pressed once, the power switch 28 repeats an operation of being turned on when pressed twice, and the open / close switch 29 repeatedly performs an operation of being opened to a set value when pressed once, and being fully closed when pressed twice. When the setting button 30a is pressed, the setting and release switch 30 determines the set shutter opening (set value) before the work, and when the release button 30b is pressed, the shutter opening (the original set value) before the work is returned. When the increase and decrease switches 31 and 32 are pressed, the shutter is opened and closed by one step.
[0012]
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a field map reader 35 of a magnetic disk 34 for recording field data such as field data obtained by a soil sampling vehicle, a vehicle speed sensor 36 for detecting a vehicle speed based on rotation of a transmission case auxiliary transmission shaft, and the like, A controller 37 is connected to the GPS receiver 24 and each of the switches 28 to 32 of the monitor 23, and the controller 37 is connected to the adjusting motor 19 and the display meter 33 of the monitor 23. The control of the adjustment motor 19 based on the detection and the operation of each of the switches 28 to 32 and the display by the display meter 33 are performed.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 5, before the spraying operation, the shutter opening corresponding to the reference vehicle speed is set. After the power switch 28 is turned on, the shutter opening corresponding to the reference vehicle speed set in advance by operating the setting button 30a is set. The setting shutter opening is displayed on the display meter 33, and when the opening / closing switch 29 is opened next, the adjusting motor 19 is driven to the setting opening corresponding to the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 36, and the shutter 14 is opened. When the vehicle speed increases or decelerates during work, the shutter opening is controlled in accordance with the change in the vehicle speed so that the fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the field, and the increase switch 31 or the decrease amount is determined by the worker during such automatic spray amount control. When the switch 32 is turned on, the shutter 14 is opened or closed one step at a time, and the increase / decrease of the spraying amount is manually adjusted arbitrarily. When the release button 30b is turned on during such manual spray amount adjustment, the shutter 14 is returned to the automatic opening control of the shutter 14 based on the original (initial) set opening (set value).
[0014]
Further, when a GPS signal is input to the receiver 24 during the spraying operation and the current running position of the tractor 1 is input to the controller 37, the amount of fertilizer sprayed according to the running place is selected, and the driving control of the motor 19 is performed. Spreading amount control is performed.For example, the spreading amount is automatically increased at a point where the fertilizer component is small on a map, and the spreading amount is automatically reduced at a point where the fertilizer component is large, and the fertilizer is spread almost uniformly over the entire field. Work is performed.
[0015]
As is apparent from the above description, in a spraying machine equipped with a tractor 1 as a traveling vehicle, a spraying device 11 for spraying a soil adjustment material such as a fertilizer or a chemical on a field is applied based on the detection of the vehicle speed of the tractor 1. By providing a shutter opening adjustment motor 19, which is a spray amount adjusting means for automatically adjusting the spray amount of the tractor 11, the spray amount is adjusted to an appropriate spray amount according to a change in the ground speed of the traveling vehicle such as the tractor 1, and the fertilizer or It is possible to easily apply a soil-regulating raw material such as a chemical and the like easily, thereby improving the growth of the crop.
[0016]
Also, by maintaining the spraying amount adjusting shutter 14 of the spraying device 11 at a preset opening based on the vehicle speed signal of the tractor 1, it is possible to satisfactorily and uniformly spray the soil adjusting raw materials such as fertilizers or chemicals regardless of the vehicle speed. As a result, uniform spraying accuracy can be improved.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above embodiments, the present invention is based on the detection of the vehicle speed of the traveling vehicle 1 in a spraying machine equipped with a spreading device 11 for spraying a soil conditioning material such as a fertilizer or a chemical on a field. Since the spraying amount adjusting means 19 for automatically adjusting the spraying amount of the spraying device 11 is provided, the spraying amount is adjusted to an appropriate spraying amount according to a change in the ground speed of the traveling vehicle 1 such as a tractor, and soil such as fertilizer or chemicals is adjusted. This makes it possible to easily apply the adjusted raw material uniformly and improve the growth of the crop.
[0018]
Further, since the spraying amount adjusting shutter 14 of the spraying device 11 is maintained at a preset opening degree based on the vehicle speed signal of the traveling vehicle 1, it is possible to satisfactorily and uniformly disperse soil adjustment raw materials such as fertilizers or chemicals regardless of the vehicle speed. And the accuracy of uniform spraying can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a tractor equipped with a spraying device.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the spraying device.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a monitor.
FIG. 4 is a control circuit diagram.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of shutter opening control.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 tractor (traveling vehicle)
11 spraying device 14 shutter 19 adjustment motor (spraying amount adjusting means)
