JP2010068704A - Direct load control system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a direct load control system which achieves load balancing and right demand and supply balancing in an electric power system by adjusting power consumption of many controllable loads connected to the system on the basis of electric power consumption rates γ without spoiling the convenience of users of the loads. <P>SOLUTION: In the direct load control system, multiple controllable loads basically compute their electric power consumption rates γ (γ=(p<SB>fut</SB>-p<SB>min</SB>)/(p<SB>max</SB>-p<SB>min</SB>)), an electric power system operation apparatus creates a histogram showing distributions of increment (p<SB>max</SB>-p) and decrement (p<SB>min</SB>-p) to a change of γ on the basis of the power consumption rates γ received from each controllable load, an upper electric power system operation apparatus which covers a wider area of the electric power system computes a threshold value determining consumable electric power in this area of the electric power system on the basis of the histograms, and each of the controllable loads controls its electric power consumption based on this threshold value. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a direct load control system that achieves load leveling of an electric power system and optimization of a supply and demand balance.

In power systems, load leveling such as peak shift and bottom-up is important for stable and economical operation.
In addition, distributed power sources with severe output fluctuations such as solar and wind power generation are expected to be introduced in large quantities in the future, and leveling on the power generation side (smoothing of output fluctuations) has become an important issue.
Furthermore, when the proportion of distributed power sources increases in the future, if the distributed power sources suddenly disconnect, the power flow in the local transmission line may change suddenly and an overload condition may occur. Need to be promptly eased.
The leveling as described above is mainly performed using a power storage device such as a pumped-storage power generation system or a stationary storage battery system. However, the power storage device is expensive, and 20-30% of the power is charged and discharged. There is a problem that energy is lost as a loss.

On the other hand, the leveling effect similar to the case where the power storage device is used can be obtained even when the grid operation device controls the power consumption of the load in the power system.
Conventionally, load control has been mainly targeted at large consumers who can significantly change power consumption. However, small-capacity loads such as home appliances can also be controlled by system control if they are controlled together due to the large number of popularized devices. An effective amount of power consumption can be adjusted.
However, since it is not easy to provide facilities that communicate with a large number of home appliances, power consumption control of home appliances by system operation devices has been studied in projects such as Non-Patent Document 1, but in Japan There were no practical applications.
Now, with the advancement of information appliances and IT technology, it has become a promising means of load leveling, as communication networks have become easier to develop.

  When adjusting the power consumption of home appliances, "direct load control" is used to adjust the power consumption of each home appliance according to the command from the grid operation device regardless of the operating status of each home appliance and the intention of the user of the home appliance In addition, there is “indirect load control” in which a consumer adjusts power consumption based on information such as real-time electricity charges adjusted by the grid operation device. Of these, direct load control has been generally employed so far (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3). Direct load control is more convenient for grid operation devices because demand control is easier and more reliable, but the operation status of each home appliance and the intention of the home appliance user are not taken into account. Convenience will be impaired.

Therefore, the inventors have devised a control method that does not impair the convenience of users of home appliances, which is the system information monitoring system of the inventors shown in Patent Document 1. The home appliances to be controlled in this grid information monitoring system are controllable loads that can achieve their intended purpose if the required energy is consumed every specified period even if the instantaneous power consumption changes. . In such a controllable load, the power consumption rate γ = (p _ft −p _min ) / (p calculated from the power consumption p, the future power average value p _fut , the maximum power consumption p _max, and the minimum power consumption p _min attention is paid to the _max -p _min). When reducing power consumption, select a controllable load with a low power consumption rate γ in order, and when increasing, select a controllable load with a high power consumption rate g in order, so that γ is always maintained between 0 and 1. To do. By always maintaining γ at 0 or more and 1 or less, it is possible to consume the energy required for each specified period, and the convenience for the user of the home appliance is maintained.

JP 2007-267600 A

Hitoshi Enomoto: “Centralized Load Control Demonstration Test”, Electrical Review, No. 382, pp. 30-35, July 1997. M.M. Andrewolas: “Mega Load Management System Pays Dividends”, Transmission & Distribution World, February 2004. James R.D. Stitt: "Implementation of a Large-Scale Direct Load Load System-Some Critical Factors", IEEE Trans. Power App. Sys. 104, 7, 1663-1669, 1985. J. et al. Kondo, et al .: “Future Consumed Power Estimate of Time Deferable Loads for Frequency Regulation”, Proc. 18th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED), 505, Turin, Italy, June 2005. Junji Kondo: Quantitative evaluation of the increase in the amount of wind power generation that can be introduced by autonomous frequency adjustment of electric water heaters, ”IEEJ Power Technology and Power System Technology Joint Study Group, PE-08-142, PSE-08-151, 39-44, August 2008.

However, Patent Document 1 does not disclose a method for sequentially selecting a controllable load having a small power consumption rate γ or a controllable load having a large power consumption rate γ. In an actual system, a very large number of controllable loads are connected. After all of them are rearranged in the order of the power consumption rate γ, each power consumption variable width (in the case of increasing p _max −p, in the case of decreasing) The calculation process that accumulates until p _min −p) reaches the total amount ΔP of the power consumption adjustment amount necessary for system operation becomes very large. Also, it is difficult to request only the selected controllable load for power consumption adjustment and communicate with other controllable loads so that the power consumption is not adjusted, considering that there are a large number of controllable loads. It is.

  The purpose of the present invention is to adjust the power consumption of many controllable loads hanging on the system based on the power consumption rate γ without impairing the convenience of users of the load, and to optimize the load balance of the power system and the balance between supply and demand It is an object of the present invention to provide a direct load control system.

The present invention employs the following means in order to achieve the above object.
In the direct load control system according to the present invention, basically, a plurality of controllable loads calculate the power consumption rate γ = (p _fut −p _min ) / (p _max −p _min ) of the load, and the system operation device Creates a histogram representing the distribution of the power consumption increase p _max -p and the decrease power p _min -p with respect to γ based on the power consumption rate γ received from each controllable load, and operates a wider system. Based on the histogram, the operation device calculates a threshold value of γ from the power consumption adjustment amount ΔP necessary for system operation, and the controllable load performs power consumption control using this threshold value.

The direct load control system includes the following first to third means.
The first means is that in the power distribution system operated by the subordinate system operation device, the future power consumption average value p _fut and the maximum power consumption p from the time when there are a plurality of controllable loads connected to the power distribution system to the next break time. _The power consumption rate γ = (p _ft −p _min ) / (p _max −p _min ) is calculated from the _max and the minimum power consumption p _min, and the power consumption p at a certain point in time when the lower level system operation device is from each controllable load Receives information on maximum power consumption p _max , minimum power consumption p _min, and power consumption rate γ, creates a histogram representing the distribution of increase allowance p _max −p and decrease allowance p _min −p for γ, The direct load control system is characterized in that the histogram is transmitted to a higher-level system operation device to be operated.

The second means is that, in the first means, the upper system operation device creates a histogram of the sum of a plurality of histograms sent from the lower system operation device, and then the controllable load necessary for the system operation is determined. The total amount ΔP of the power consumption adjustment amount is determined, and when the total amount ΔP is positive using the sum histogram, the maximum threshold γ _on is the sum of the increase allowances p _max −p for all controllable loads where γ> γ _on there is calculated such that the total amount of [Delta] p, the sum of the lower cost p _{min -p} is the total amount [Delta] p by the total controllable load that minimize threshold gamma _off with gamma <gamma _off if the total amount [Delta] p is negative Thus, the direct load control system is characterized by transmitting information of the maximum threshold value γ _on and the minimum threshold value γ _off to the controllable load group.

Third means, in the second means, the power consumption if gamma _on and gamma respective controllable load to collect information _off to compare their gamma and gamma _on and γ _off γ> γ _on p _The direct load control system is characterized in that the power consumption is increased to _max and the power consumption is decreased to p _min if γ <γ _off .

Specifically, the following solution is taken.
(1) The direct load control system includes the following items.
The power distribution network includes at least an arbitrary number of controllable loads including control means for controlling power consumption of the own load, and includes a system control device for controlling the power distribution network,
The controllable load, future power mean value p _fut calculating means for calculating a future power average value p _fut within a specified time based on actual measurement data, the maximum power consumption p _max storing means for storing the maximum power consumption p _max, lowest power _{p min} storing means, the power consumption rate _{γ = (p fut -p min)} / (p max -p min) power consumption rate gamma calculating means for calculating a storing the lowest power _{p min,} the controllable load itself Storage means for storing the power consumption p, transmission means for transmitting the maximum power consumption p _max , the minimum power consumption p _min , the power consumption rate γ, and the power consumption p to the system control device,
Power consumption control means for controlling power consumption based _on the maximum threshold value γ _on and the minimum threshold value γ _off created by the grid operation device,
The system controller, from the controllable load, the maximum power consumption p _max, the minimum power p _min, the power consumption rate gamma, the power consumption rate of power consumption based on p gamma versus power up allowance p _max -P distribution histogram and power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p _min -power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase allowance p _max for creating p distribution histogram -p distribution histogram and power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p _min -P distribution histogram creation means and power consumption rate maximization threshold γ _on and minimization threshold γ _off based on total amount ΔP of power consumption adjustment amount necessary for system operation, power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase allowance p _{max -p} distribution comprises a histogram and power consumption rate gamma versus power consumption reduced cost p _{min -p} distribution obtained from the histogram calculation unit, the maximization threshold gamma _o To constitute minimize threshold gamma _off to send to the controllable load.

(2) The direct load control system described in the above (1) includes the following items.
The system control device comprises a local area system operation device and a wide area upper system operation device,
An arbitrary number of controllable load control systems are connected to the control system of the system operation device in the nearest local area, and an arbitrary number of system operation devices in the local area are connected to the control system of the upper system operation device in the wide area. ,
The system operation device of a local area, by the power consumption rate γ versus power up within the system margin p _{max -p} distribution histogram and power consumption reduced power consumption rate γ vs. margin p _{min -p} distribution histogram creating means, said maximum Based on the power consumption p _max , the minimum power consumption p _min , the power consumption rate γ, and the power consumption p, the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase allowance p _max -p distribution histogram and power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p create a _min- p distribution histogram,
The upper-level system operation device in the wide area has the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase margin p _max -p distribution histogram and the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction margin p _min -p distribution histogram by the calculation means in the device. The sum histogram of the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase allowance p _max −p distribution and the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p _min −p distribution is respectively obtained, and the total amount ΔP of power consumption adjustment amount necessary for system operation Maximization threshold γ _on and minimization threshold γ _off of power consumption rate are obtained based on the above, and the maximization threshold γ _on and minimization threshold γ _off are transmitted to the local area system operation device, and the local area system operation device transmits the maximization threshold gamma _on the minimization threshold gamma _off to the controllable load, the controllable load, based on the maximization threshold gamma _on the minimization threshold gamma _off To control the cost of power.

According to the direct load control system of the present invention, the host system operation device can select a controllable load that adjusts power consumption only by obtaining two threshold values γ _on and γ _off using the sum histogram. Further, the host system operation device can control the entire system only by transmitting only two pieces of threshold information γ _on and γ _off to all controllable loads. Each controllable load can perform load control only by determining whether or not the power consumption should be adjusted by comparing each γ with the above-mentioned threshold value.
According to the system information monitoring system of the present invention, it is possible to clearly select which controllable load is to perform active power adjustment for system load leveling and supply / demand balance maintenance. Since each controllable load can consume the required energy within a specified time, the convenience of the user of the controllable load is maintained. In addition, the opportunity for adjusting the output of the distributed power source can be reduced, and energy can be used effectively.

It is a figure which shows the flow of the information communication in the direct load control system which concerns on Example 1- Example 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the histogram which the low-order system operation apparatus DSO-1 in FIG. 1 produces. It is a figure which shows the example of the histogram which the low-order system operation apparatus DSO-2 in FIG. 1 produces. It is a figure which shows the example of the histogram which the high-order system operation apparatus TSO in FIG. 1 produces. It is a figure which shows the structure of the power distribution system model which performed the numerical analysis. Obtained by numerical analysis, a diagram illustrating a transformer load power P _tf, the total power consumption P _ac of all controllable load, the time variation of the power consumption of each is DAC and CAC1 units. A solid line indicates the case where the load control is performed, and a dotted line indicates a case where the load control is not performed. It is a block diagram example of the control system of the system | strain based on FIG. The control flow of the controllable load of this invention is shown. It is a block diagram showing the relationship between supply and demand balance and frequency fluctuation. When the total capacity of the installed wind power generation equipment is 705 MW and each electric water heater is operated in a conventional manner without applying the control method of the present invention, the wind speed data of November 9-10, 2006 is used. It is a figure which shows the time variation of the frequency deviation calculated in this, each electric power, the power consumption of a certain electric water heater, and (gamma). When the installed wind power generation facility has a total capacity of 705 MW and the control method of the present invention is applied, the frequency deviation calculated using the wind speed data of November 9-10, 2006, each power, and the electric water heater It is a figure which shows the time change of (gamma) _on and (gamma) _off instruction _| command from power consumption and (gamma) and TSO. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the maximum value of frequency deviation | (DELTA) f |, and the total capacity | capacitance of a wind power generation equipment.

The direct load control system of the present invention includes a plurality of controllable loads connected to a power distribution system operated by an upper system operation device, a lower system operation device, and a lower system operation device,
(A) In the distribution system operated by the lower-level system operation device, the average future power consumption p _put and the maximum power consumption p _max and the minimum from the time when there are a plurality of controllable loads connected to the power distribution system to the next break time The power consumption rate γ = (p _fut −p _min ) / (p _max −p _min ) is calculated from the power consumption p _min, and the power consumption p and the maximum power consumption at a certain point in time when the lower level system operation device is from each controllable load Receives information on p _max , minimum power consumption p _min, and power consumption rate γ, creates a histogram representing the distribution of increase allowance p _max −p and decrease allowance p _min −p related to γ, and operates a wider system The histogram is sent to

(B) After creating a histogram of the sum of a plurality of histograms sent from the lower system operation device by the upper system operation device, from the total amount ΔP of the power consumption adjustment amount of the controllable load necessary for system operation, When the total amount ΔP is positive using a sum histogram, the maximum threshold γ _on is calculated so that the total sum of the increase allowances p _max −p by all controllable loads where γ> γ _on becomes the total amount ΔP; When the total amount ΔP is negative, the minimization threshold γ _off is calculated so that the sum of the reduction allowances p _min −p due to all controllable loads where γ <γ _off becomes the total amount ΔP, and the maximum threshold γ _on and Send information of minimization threshold γ _off to controllable load group,

(C) increasing the gamma power consumption if _on and gamma respective controllable load to collect information _off to compare their gamma and gamma _on and gamma _off gamma> gamma _on to _{p max,} γ <γ If it is _off , the power consumption is controlled to decrease to p _min .

Here, the future power consumption average value p _fut is defined as p _f t = e _rest / t _rest . t _rest is the remaining time of the specified time. In the case of an electric water heater, it is the time until 7:00 am the next morning when the late-night electricity rate period ends. E _rest is the energy that must be consumed during t _rest in order to achieve the intended use of the load. That is, if the load continues to operate at power consumption of p _fut until t _rest time, the energy of e _rest is consumed and the intended use of the load can be achieved.

Here, the power consumption rate γ up to the time after t _rest time is defined by a formula (p _ft −p _min ) / (p _max −p _min ). For example, when this value is 1, since p _{f u} t = p _max, it is necessary to continue operation with the maximum power consumption p _max until after t _rest time. On the contrary, when this value is 0, since p _fut = p _min, it is necessary to continue the operation with the minimum power consumption p _min until t _rest time. When this value is _0.5, since it is _{p fut = (p max + p} min) / 2, which is the maximum intermediate power consumption and minimum consumption much until after _{t rest} time _(p max ₊ p _min) / it is operated with _2, operating at maximum power until _{t rest} / 2 hours later, then be operated at the minimum power until after _{t rest time,} operating at minimum power consumption until _{t rest} / 2 hours after Then, operation may be performed with the maximum power consumption until after t _rest time.

Assume that the power demand in this system exceeds the supply, and the power consumption of some controllable loads must be reduced. The controllable loads that reduce the power consumption are selected in order from the one with the lowest power consumption rate, and commands are given to them so that the power consumption becomes the minimum value p _min . Will add the power consumption p-p _min of the power consumption of the selected controllable load can be reduced by a minimum value p _min, it selects to obtain a power adjustment amount required. Controllable loads continue to be commanded to a minimum value _{p min} of the power consumption, the average power consumption _{p fut} future increases over time, the power consumption rate _{(p fut -p min) / (} p max −p _min ) also increases with time. Controllable load power consumption rate becomes 1, by continuing to operate at subsequent maximum power dissipation all the way to the post-t _rest time p _max, it can consume a predetermined energy until after t _rest time.

Conversely, it is assumed that there is an excessive supply in this system, and it is necessary to increase the power consumption of some controllable loads. The controllable loads that increase the power consumption are selected in descending order of the power consumption rate, and commands are given to the power consumption at the maximum value p _max . The power consumption of the selected controllable load will add the power p _{max -p} which can be increased by a maximum value p _max, to select up to obtain a power adjustment amount required. Controllable loads continue to be commanded to the maximum value _{p max} power consumption, the average power consumption _{p fut} future becomes lower over time, power consumption rate _{(p fut -p min) / (} p max −p _min ) also decreases with time. Controllable load power consumption rate becomes 0, by continuing to operate at then t _rest power minimum consumption all the way to the time after p _min, can consume a predetermined energy until after t _rest time.

In this way, by selecting a controllable load that adjusts the power consumption by paying attention to the magnitude of the power consumption rate, all the controllable loads can consume predetermined energy by the specified t _rest time. Can be controlled.
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

The load to be controlled in the direct load control system of the present invention is a load capable of controlling the power consumption, that is, controllable loads (CL). A control system of an arbitrary number of controllable loads is connected to a control system of a system operation device (DSO: section control device, etc.) in the nearest local area, and an arbitrary number of DSOs is an upper system operation device (TSO: system control) in a wide area. Device). Basically, as will be described in the second embodiment, the number of stages in the vertical relationship of the system operation device can be arbitrarily set. In the first embodiment, an example of DSO and TSO will be described.
A device connected to the system has a unique information transmission address such as an IP address including a controllable load. Using this address, various sampling / calculation result data (p _max , γ, p _min , P, etc.), histogram, etc. are transmitted.
A load that cannot be controlled other than a controllable load may be connected to the system.

Specifically, the controllable load is, for example, a home appliance that generates cold or hot heat, and includes an electric water heater, a CO ₂ refrigerant heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, an air conditioner, and the like.
For example, electric water heaters and CO ₂ refrigerant heat pump water heaters are used for boiling water in a hot water tank to around 80 ° C at night when electricity is cheap (from 11:00 pm to 7:00 am the following morning). is there.
Regardless of how the power consumption pattern is changed from 11:00 pm to 7:00 am the next morning, as long as the energy required for boiling is consumed within that time, the purpose of use will be achieved. There is no loss of sex.

In the case of air conditioners and refrigerators, the purpose of use is to keep the temperature close to the set temperature by rotating the compressor with electric energy to produce cold or hot heat and releasing it into the room or cabinet.
However, in an actual air conditioner, the compressor is repeatedly operated and stopped at a cycle of about 45 minutes, and accordingly, the temperature also deviates by several degrees from the set temperature (see Non-Patent Document 4).
Therefore, as long as the energy required to maintain the average temperature for 10 to 30 minutes at the set temperature is consumed, the temperature deviation allowed in an actual air conditioner can be changed even if the power consumption pattern is changed. Can be within the range.
Other than those that produce cold or hot heat, there are loads that store electrical energy, such as electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles. They store the electrical energy required for the next day's travel at night when the electricity bill is cheap, but as long as the necessary electrical energy is stored by the next morning, the user can change the power consumption pattern during storage. There is no loss of convenience.

Here, it is assumed that the power consumption control is performed every time interval Δt. The flow of information communication required during each control is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the previous control time is t _α and the next control time is t _β . There is a relationship of t _β = t _α + Δt. The meaning of other symbols is explained in the following text.
First, stored these controllable load samples the power p (t _alpha) of its own in t _alpha. Then, t future power average value in _{β p fut (t β) =} e rest (t β) / t rest (t β) and calculates the power consumption rate γ a (t _beta). However, t _rest (t _β ) is the remaining time of the specified time at the next control time t _β .
Further, e _rest (t _β ) is energy that must be consumed during t _rest (t _β ) in order to achieve the intended use of the load.
Next, each controllable load transmits p _max , p _min , p (t _α ), and γ (t _β ) to the local area system operation device (hereinafter referred to as DSO).

The DSO creates a histogram representing the γ distribution of the controllable width of the power consumption due to the controllable load at t _β .
In this histogram, the controllable load is first divided into a set for each discrete variable γ ′ with an interval Δγ (0.05 in this example) with respect to γ. Then, the total increase allowance P ^p _hist and the total decrease allowance P ⁿ _hist of the power consumption for each group are obtained by the following equations (1) and (2).

Here, R (γ ′) represents a set of controllable loads that satisfy γ′−Δγ / 2 ≦ γ (t _β ) <γ ′ + Δγ / 2. An example of a histogram created by DSO-1 in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2, and an example of a histogram created by DSO-2 is shown in FIG.
2 to 4, the horizontal axis represents the γ value, and the vertical axis represents the value of the total increase allowance P ^p _hist and the total decrease allowance P ⁿ _hist for each group.

Each DSO transmits the created histogram information to a host system operation device (hereinafter referred to as TSO). The TSO creates a histogram that is the sum of a plurality of received histograms (hereinafter referred to as “sum histogram”). An example of this sum histogram is shown in FIG. This sum histogram is used to calculate the two variables P ^p _spare (t _β , γ _on ) and P ⁿ _spare (t _β , γ _off ) expressed by the following equations (3) and (4).

However, γ is a continuous variable, and P ^p _hist and P ⁿ _hist are treated as constant step-like functions at each Δγ interval. The TSO can increase the power consumption in its own system by P ^p _spare (t _β , 0) at maximum or reduce -P ⁿ _spare (t _β , 1) by adjusting the power consumption of the controllable load.
TSO obtains a power consumption adjustment amount ΔP required for system operation. For example, when TSO uses a controllable load for load frequency control, ΔP is obtained by the following equation.

However, Delta] f is the frequency deviation of the system, the K _P and K _I is an integral gain, respectively proportional gain. ΔP is obtained by the following equation when, for example, the TSO uses a controllable load to reduce congestion (overload) of a transmission path to which the controllable load is connected.
However, P _p (t _β ) is a predicted value of the transmission power of the transmission line when adjustment is not performed by a controllable load at the next control time t _β , and P _tar (t _β ) is a control value at the next control time t _β . This is a target value to be relaxed by adjusting the controllable load of the transmission power of the control transmission line.

If ΔP is a positive value, P ^p _spare (t _β , γ _on ) in equation (3) is replaced with ΔP to numerically solve γ _on (t _β ). At this time, γ _off (t _β ) is set to 0. If ΔP is a negative value, P ⁿ _spare (t _β , γ _off ) in equation (3) is replaced with ΔP to numerically solve γ _off (t _β ). At this time, γ _on (t _β ) is set to 1. If ΔP is zero, γ _off (t _β ) is 0 and γ _on (t _β ) is 1.

The TSO transmits the determined two values of γ _on (t _β ) and γ _off (t _β ) to the DSO, and the DSO transmits the two values to the home appliance that is a controllable load. Each controllable load is lowered gamma (t _beta) power consumption p in the γ _off (t _β) if lower than the next control time t _beta to _{p min.} If γ (t _β ) is higher than γ _on (t _β ), the power consumption p is raised to p _max at the next control time t _β .
Thereafter, the same processing is performed to determine and control the power consumption at the next control time.

Here, the outline | summary of this invention is demonstrated using FIG.
The system operator creates a histogram as shown in FIG. 4 from information on the parameter γ of each load. If you increase the power consumption by [Delta] P, divided by Δγ by integrating the upper graph of Figure 4 to 1 from gamma _on it calculates the equal gamma _on the [Delta] P, and transmits the value of the gamma _on each load.
To reduce only -DerutaP power consumption Conversely, divided by Δγ the lower graph by integrating from 0 to gamma _off calculates the equal gamma _off a -DerutaP, sending the value of gamma _off to each load To do. Each load compares its own γ with γ _on and γ _off, and turns _on when γ> γ _{on and} turns _off when γ <γ _off (FIG. 4). In this system according to the present invention, the system operator collects γ of each load in a histogram, uses the histogram to obtain the maximum threshold value γ _on and the minimum threshold value γ _off , and transmits the required power control to each load. It can be performed.
In FIG. 4, “A” means power consumption that can be increased by turning _on a load of γ> γ _on , and “B” means power consumption that can be reduced by turning _off a load of γ <γ _off .
2 and 3 are the same as the outline in FIG.

FIG. 7 is an example of a configuration diagram of a control system of the system based on FIG.
The controllable load (cl) mainly includes a load control unit (cl-1), a controlled load (cl-8) that consumes power, and a memory (cl-9) that stores various data.
The controllable load (cl) is, for example, an I / O interface, memory, and the like, as with other local area system operation devices (DSO: section control device, etc.) and higher system operation devices (TSO: system control device, etc.). It consists of CPU (central processing unit) etc., Preferably it is comprised with computers, such as a microcomputer.
The load control unit (cl-1) includes at least a future power consumption average value p _fut calculation means (cl-2) within a specified time, a power consumption rate γ = (p _{f t} −p _min ) / (p _max −p _min ) Calculation means (cl-5), power consumption p sampling means (cl-6), and power consumption control means (cl-7) based _on γ _on and γ _off .

In these calculation means (cl-2) and (cl-5), the CPU reads out and executes a program stored in the memory, executes a predetermined calculation, stores the calculation result in the memory and executes the next. Set to a register for use in arithmetic processing. In the sampling means (cl-6), the CPU reads the sampling information from the memory and determines the power consumption p of the controlled load (cl-8) as the value of the wattmeter based on the information, or the operation stored in the memory in advance. It is read from a table showing the relationship between the state and the power consumption, and stored together with information at the time of sampling in the memory. The power consumption control means (cl-7) stores data of the maximization threshold γ _on and the minimization threshold γ _{off at} the next control time (t _β ) sent from the TSO via the DSO by the CPU in the memory. Together with the power consumption rate γ (t _β ) of the controllable load itself, γ _off (t _β ) and γ _on (t _β ), and the power consumption rate γ (t _β ) of the controllable load itself If γ is lower than γ _off (t _β ), the power consumption p is controlled to decrease to p _min at the next control time t _β , and if γ (t _β ) is higher than γ _on (t _β ), the next control time t Control is performed such that the power consumption p is increased to p _max at _β .

The maximum value p _max and the minimum value p _min of the power consumption of the load are clarified by the test operation at the time of designing the load or after completion. Therefore, they are obtained before the load is shipped and stored in the memory (cl-9) in advance. Keep it.
The load control unit (cl-1) samples the power consumption p (t _α ) of the controlled load (cl-8: own load) by the sampling means (cl-6) and stores it in the memory (cl-9). . The load control unit (cl-1) is the next control time t future power average value in _{β p fut} (t _β), means the (cl-2), the future power mean value _p fut (t) = E _rest (t _β ) / t _rest (t _β ) Then, the power consumption rate γ calculating means (cl-5) sets the power consumption rate γ (t _β ) as γ (t _β ) = (p _fut (t _β ) −p _min ) / (p _max −p _min ). Calculate.

The controllable load (cl) transmits the obtained γ (t _β ), p (t _α ), p _max and p _min to the local area system operation device (DSO: section control device or the like).
The DSO is composed of a CPU, a memory, an I / O interface, and the like, at least a power consumption rate γ vs. increase margin p _max -p distribution histogram creation means (dso-1), a power consumption rate γ vs. a decrease margin p _min -p distribution Histogram creation means (dso-2) is provided. The DSO is based on the received γ (t _β ), p (t _α ), p _max, and p _min by the above means (dso-1, dso-2), and the power consumption rate γ is increased by p _max −p A distribution histogram and a power consumption rate γ versus reduction allowance p _min -p distribution histogram are created.

At this time, both the histogram generating means (dso-1) and (dso-2) are processed by the CPU with the power consumption rate γ of the portion where p is positive value vs. the increase margin p _max -p distribution histogram and p being negative value, respectively. and a means for creating a power consumption rate γ versus raising allowance p _{min -p} distribution histogram portion, each of the maximum power consumption more controllable load connected to the system of the subject (cl) p _max, the minimum power consumption p _Min , power consumption rate γ, and power consumption p are taken in and stored in the memory and set in a register, p _max −p is calculated, and the result is stored in the memory table in association with the γ (t _β ) value. Similarly, p _min −p is calculated and the result is stored in the table in association with the γ (t _β ) value.

In this way, the CPU uses the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase allowance p _max -p distribution histogram and the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption decrease allowance p _min -p distribution histogram creation means to generate the maximum power consumption p _max and the minimum power consumption. Based on p _min , power consumption rate γ, and power consumption p, power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase allowance p _max -p distribution histogram and power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p _min −p as shown in FIGS. A distribution histogram is created and stored in memory.

The DSO reads the power consumption rate γ vs. increase allowance p _max -p distribution histogram and the power consumption rate γ vs. decrease allowance p _min -p distribution histogram created from the CPU from a memory table, and the upper system operation device (TSO: system control) Device).
The TSO includes at least a sum histogram calculation means (tso-1), a total power consumption adjustment amount ΔP calculation means (tso-2), a maximum threshold γ _on and a minimum including a CPU, a memory, an I / O interface, and the like. The calculation means (tso-3) of the conversion threshold value γ _off is provided.

The TSO uses the sum histogram calculation means (tso-1) to calculate the power consumption rate γ vs. increase margin p _max -p distribution histogram data and the power consumption rate γ vs. decrease margin p _min -p distribution histogram data received from a plurality of DSOs. For example, the total value of p _max -p value for each γ value and the total value of p _min -p value for each γ value are obtained by calculation, and stored in a memory and set in a register. A sum histogram of the consumption rate γ vs. increase allowance p _max -p distribution and a sum histogram of the power consumption rate γ vs. decrease allowance p _min -p distribution are created and stored in the memory. Also, the power consumption adjustment amount ΔP calculating means (tso-2) obtains the power consumption adjustment amount ΔP required at the next control time (t _β ) based on the operation status of the system. Then, the calculated sum histogram and the power consumption adjustment amount ΔP are read from the memory by the calculation means (tso-3) of the maximization threshold γ _on and the minimization threshold γ _off , and the power consumption rate at the next control time (t _β ) _Are calculated and stored in the memory. The minimization threshold γ _off (t _β ) and the maximum threshold γ _on (t _β )

The CPU reads out the power consumption rate minimization threshold γ _off (t _β ) and the maximum threshold γ _on (t _β ) from the memory at the next control time (t _β ), and transmits them to the DSO.
The DSO stores the power consumption rate minimization threshold γ _off (t _β ) and the maximization threshold γ _on (t _β ) in the memory at the next control time (t _β ) sent from the TSO and further allows each Transfer to control load.
Each controllable load receives and stores the minimization threshold γ _off (t _β ) and the maximum threshold γ _on (t _β ) at the next control time (t _β ) in the memory, and the power consumption rate γ of the controllable load itself. (T _β ) is compared with γ _off (t _β ) and γ _on (t _β ), and if the power consumption rate γ (t _β ) of the controllable load itself is lower than γ _off (t _β ), the next control time t controls power p in _beta as down to _{p min,} γ (t _β) is controlled so as to raise is higher than γ _on (t _β) power consumption p for the next control time t _beta to _{p max.}

FIG. 8 shows a control flow of the controllable load of the present invention.
Start (1) for storing power p a (t _alpha) in the previous control time t _alpha (step S1).
(2) Remaining time t _rest (t _β ) of the specified time at the next control time t _β, energy e _rest (t that must be consumed during t _rest (t _β ) to achieve the intended use of the load _β ) is calculated (step S2).
(3) Calculate the future power consumption average value p _fut (t _β ) and the power consumption rate γ (t _β ). (Step S3).
(4) Transmit p (t _α ), γ (t _β ), and read p _max and p _min to the DSO. (Step S4).
(5) Is there a transmission of the maximization threshold γ _on (t _β ) and the minimization threshold γ _off (t _β ) from the DSO? If there is no transmission, the process proceeds to the beginning of step S5, and if there is transmission, the process proceeds to step S6. (Step S5).
(6) The self-load power consumption rate γ (t _β ) is compared with the maximization threshold γ _on (t _β ) and the minimization threshold γ _off (t _β ) from the DSO, and γ (t _β ) <γ _off ( If t _β ), the power consumption p (t _β ) at time t _β is controlled to p _min , and if γ (t _β )> γ _on (t _β ), the power consumption p (t _β ) at time t _β is controlled to p _max . . (Step S6).
stop

  Next, the effect of the present invention will be shown by numerical analysis. FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the power distribution system subjected to numerical analysis. The load in the distribution system is supplied by the power supplied from the power system through the distribution substation and the output power of the distributed power source. In this distribution system, the capacity of the transformer in the distribution substation is 10 MVA, but the demand is more than that. Therefore, as soon as the distributed power supply in the distribution system is disconnected, the transformer is overloaded. At this time, by adjusting the power consumption of the controllable load by the direct load control method of the present invention, the overload state of the transformer is alleviated.

The controllable _{load, p min = 0kW, p max} = 1.9kW household air conditioner (hereinafter, referred to as DAC) is 2652 _{units,, p min = 0kW, p max} = 12.1kW commercial air conditioner ( Hereinafter, it is assumed that there are 181 CAC). Assume that these power consumptions are controlled every two minutes. These are on / off switching type air conditioners, and power consumption can only take one of the two values p _min and p _max . The reactive power is sufficiently small and can be ignored.

Transformer load power P _tf , total power consumption P _ac of all controllable loads, and time variation of power consumption p of each DAC and one CAC, when load control is performed, the solid line shows no load control The case is shown in FIG. The horizontal axis of FIG. 6 is time (h), the vertical axis of FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) is the power consumption p (kW) of each controllable load, and the vertical axis of FIG. 6 (c) is the controllable load. The total power consumption P _ac (MW), and the vertical axis of FIG. 6D represents the transformer load P _tf (MW).
It is assumed that the distributed power source was disconnected at around 18:00, and the difference depending on the presence or absence of load control was only the power consumption of the controllable load, and all other cases were analyzed under the same conditions.
When load control is not performed, an overload condition occurs at time 18:06 indicated as t ₁ in FIG. 6 (d), and overload occurs until around time 18:10 indicated as t _{2 in} FIG. 6 (d). The load condition continues.

When load control is not performed, γ _off = 1.0 is transmitted from TSO at t ₁ , and all controllable loads reduce the power consumption to p _min . TSO continued to transmit γ _off = 1.0 until t ₂ to alleviate the overload condition, but a certain controllable load was γ = 1. For the load with γ = 1, the power consumption must be increased to p _max in order to maintain user convenience. _{P ac} As shown in FIG. 6 (c) at _{t 2} because this has not become zero. However, the overload condition is alleviated compared to when no load control is performed.

  In this numerical analysis, the energy required every 30 minutes in all DACs and CACs is the same when performing load control and when not performing load control. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the start and end times of each 30-minute interval are shown as delimiter times. The delimiter time is assigned by the time after the load user turns on the load power, but the timing of turning on the power is probabilistically distributed, so the delimiter time is different for each controllable load.

In FIG. 6B, a certain domestic air conditioner DAC No. In 355, energy must be consumed by driving for 4 minutes at p _max in 30 minutes from the break time 18:06. When load control was not performed, the energy was consumed by changing the power consumption from p _min to p _max at time 18:04 and setting p _max to 18:10 as it was.

When performing load control, the power consumption is once reduced to p _{min in} order to alleviate the transformer overload at time 18:06 (t ₁ ). The power consumption was changed from p _min to p _max at time 18:28 when no transformer overload occurred, and was set to p _max as it was until 18:32. As a result, the energy consumption between when load control is performed and when it is not performed is the same for 30 minutes from the break time 18:06, but when load control is performed, the transformer overload should be alleviated. The power consumption could be adjusted.

In FIG. 6A, a commercial air conditioner CAC No. In 107, energy must be consumed by driving for 4 minutes at p _max for 30 minutes from the break time 17:52. If you do not load control the power consumption at the time 18:06 is changed from _{p min} to _{p max,} as by the _{p max} to 18:10, it consumed the energy.
When performing load control, the power consumption is kept at p _min at time 18:06 (t ₁ ) so as not to promote transformer overload. Then, the power consumption at the time 18:12 to transformer overload is not generated is changed from _{p min} to _{p max,} was _{p max} remains until 18:16. As a result, in the 30 minutes from the break time 17:52, the energy consumption in the case of performing the load control is the same as that in the case of not performing the load control. The power consumption could be adjusted.

In the first embodiment, the host system operation device (TSO: system control device, etc.) is configured to control the system operation devices (DSO: section control devices, etc.) in a plurality of local areas. In a distribution network with a small number of target controllable loads, an upper system operation device (TSO: system control device, etc.) and a local area system operation device (DSO: section control device, etc.) are configured as one system control device. You can also. In addition, the number of stages in which the hierarchical system operation device is configured depends on the number of loads such as controllable loads connected to the power distribution system, power consumption, and the like.
The power distribution networks in these examples include at least an arbitrary number of controllable loads including control means for controlling the power consumption of the own load, and also include system control means for controlling the power distribution network.

A third embodiment will be described. Generally, in a power system, the power generation equipment adjusts the generated power so as to follow the change in power consumption, thereby balancing the power generation and consumption in the entire system and keeping the system frequency constant.
However, there is a concern that if a large amount of wind power generation whose power generation output changes from moment to moment due to changes in wind conditions is introduced into the power system, the balance between power generation and consumption cannot be maintained, and frequency fluctuations will increase.
In particular, light load late-night hours with less power generation facility adjustment are a problem. In contrast, in Japan, many electric water heaters are operating as loads during this time period. Therefore, it is shown by numerical simulation that the frequency fluctuation is suppressed by controlling the power consumption of many electric water heaters with the direct load control system of the present invention.

Taking the Hokkaido area as an example of the analysis target area, the frequency deviation Δf was calculated from the supply and demand balance of the entire system.
On the power generation side, wind power generation output P _WF , fixed output P _CG , economic load distribution operation output P _EDC , load frequency control operation output P _LFC , and governor-free control operation output P _GF were considered. Therefore, the total power generation output P _VG whose output can be varied is P _GF + P _LFC + P _EDC .
The power interchange with the Honshu system by the Hokkaido-Honshu DC interconnection was not considered.
Demand side total demand _P L _{= P} EWH _{+ P OL} consists total power consumption _{P OL} by other loads and total power consumption _{P EWH} of 170,000 electric water heater group, and the variation _{P LS} associated with the load frequency characteristic Considering. And P _WF, time-series data of P _L in the case of not controlling the electric water heater group in the method of the present invention was simulated according to the method described in Non-Patent Document 5. However load curve data of 1 hour each using the simulated P _L is slight modification from non-patent document 5. In addition, how much energy is consumed per day in each electric water heater depends on how much hot water in the hot water tank is used, but the degree of variation in energy consumption is also described in Non-Patent Document 5. Simulated by the method.

Non-Patent Document 5 shows an example of numerical analysis related to system frequency fluctuation when a large amount of wind power generation is introduced in Hokkaido, and an example of controlling power consumption of an electric water heater group to suppress system frequency fluctuation Is being considered. In the control method of the electric water heater group in Document 5, each electric water heater monitors the system frequency by itself and adjusts the power consumption autonomously.
On the other hand, in the present invention, each electric water heater performs information communication with the TSO, and adjusts power consumption by comparing the γ _on and γ _off signals from the TSO with its own γ value.

The relationship between supply and demand balance and frequency fluctuation was calculated according to the block diagram of FIG.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a control system that controls supply and demand balance and frequency fluctuation suppression.
The constants in FIG. 9 used the values described in Table 1 of Non-Patent Document 5.
The block diagram of FIG. 9 is configured such that a frequency deviation Δf is generated when a difference occurs between the total generated power (P _WF + P _CG + P _VG ) and the total power consumption (P _EWH + P _OL + P _LS ). However, since there is a system inertia (corresponding to the moment of inertia of all rotating machines connected to the power system) J, the integrated value of the difference between power supply and demand is reflected in the frequency deviation.
In the control system of FIG. 9, when a frequency deviation occurs, the output of the generator is controlled in a direction to suppress it.

In the output adjustment control governor-free control in proportion to the frequency deviation, the proportionality constant is -K _G.
However, there is an upper and lower limit value (± C _GF ) for the output fluctuation (P _GF ) by the governor-free control, and it cannot be exceeded.
The load frequency control is slightly more complicated than the above governor-free control. Not only the frequency deviation but also its integrated value will be considered.
There is an upper and lower limit value (± C _LFC ) for the output fluctuation (P _LFC ) due to load frequency control, and there is also a limit value (± S _LFC ) for the rate of change (dP _LFC / dt).
The output fluctuation _PEDC due to the economic load distribution operation is controlled as follows.

In the case of causing each electric water heater to perform a conventional operation without applying the control method of the present invention, Equation (5) in Non-Patent Document 5 is set to a target value so that P _LFC + P _GF becomes zero as much as possible. And Even when the control method of the present invention is applied, if _PGF and _PLFC are biased and close to the upper and lower limit values, or if the frequency deviation is large, Equation (5) in Non-Patent Document 5 is used as the target value. .
However, if their deviation is small, to increase the minimum demand of P _L, the non-patent document 5 in (6) below the target value. However, P _EDC has a limit value (± S _EDC ) in the rate of change (dP _EDC / dt), and since the value is small, it can change only slowly. Further, there is a lower limit value C _VGmin = 650 _MW in P _VG (= P _GF + P _LFC + P _EDC ). In the block diagram are a _C VGmin _-P GF _{-P LFC} as the lower limit of the _{P EDC.} These are the same as in Non-Patent Document 5.
Paragraph 0067 describes what the electric water heater control is doing.

  In the block labeled “electric water heater control” in FIG. 9, when the control method of the present invention is applied, each electric water heater is caused to perform a conventional operation without applying the control method of the present invention. Compare the cases.

  In the case where each electric water heater is caused to perform a conventional operation without applying the control method of the present invention, each electric water heater is turned on for 30 minutes from 11:00 pm and starts energizing the heater. It was turned on until the necessary energy was consumed, and turned off when the necessary energy was consumed. The time when each electric water heater was turned on in 30 minutes was uniformly random.

When the control method of the present invention is applied, the electric water heaters and the TSO communicate with each other, and a control flow as shown in FIG. 8 is processed every 8 seconds, and from the TSO to each electric water heater every 8 seconds. Γ _on , γ _off signals are sent to. The control cycle is shorter than that in Example 1 where the control is performed every two minutes, but this is because the inertia of the rotating machine of the power system is small, and therefore it is necessary to set a short control cycle for frequency adjustment. It is. The control policy of the total power consumption P _EWH of all the electric water heaters is the following two.

(1) Decrease P _EWH when P _GF or P _LFC approaches the upper limit (C _GF or C _LFC ), and conversely increase P _EWH when it approaches the lower limit (-C _GF or -C _LFC ) Therefore, _PGF and _PLFC are prevented from reaching the upper and lower limits.
(2) increase the minimum demand of the _{P L.} That is, when the P _OL is low, the P _EWH is increased. This prevents _PVG from reaching the lower limit.

  As an example of numerical analysis results, the results calculated using the wind speed data of November 9-10, 2006, when each electric water heater is made to perform a conventional operation without applying the control method of the present invention. FIG. 10 shows the case where the control method of the present invention is applied, and FIG.

FIG. 10 shows a case where the total capacity of the installed wind power generation facility is 705 MW and each electric water heater is operated without applying the control method of the present invention on November 9-10, 2006. It is a figure which shows the time variation of frequency deviation, each electric power, the power consumption of a certain electric water heater, and g.
In FIG. 10, 10a is the control target range, 10b is the minimum demand, 10c is the minimum output, 10d is the power consumption pattern of one of the 170,000 electric water heaters, and 10e is the γ value of the electric water heater. Represents time change.
In FIG. 10, the frequency deviation Δf reached 1.345 Hz at 4: 44: 0. At this time, P _EWH = 26.0 MW, P _OL = 2422.5 MW, P _LS = 90.4 MW, P _WF = 209.2 MW, P _EDC = 710.0 MW, P _LFC = -30.0 MW, P _GF = − It takes a value of 30.0 MW.

FIG. 11 shows the frequency deviation, each power, and the power consumption of a certain electric water heater on November 9-10, 2006 when the total capacity of the installed wind power generation equipment is 705 MW and the control method of the present invention is applied. It is a figure which shows the time change of (gamma) _on and (gamma) _off instruction _| command from (Gamma) and TSO.
In Figure 11, 11a is the power consumption pattern of the control target range, 11b is _{P L} curves bottom-up, 11c one single electric water heater Certain of 170,000 (10d, same as 10e of electric water heater) , 11d represents a time change of the γ value of the electric water heater, and 11e represents a time change of γ _on , γ _off which are control command values from the TSO.
In FIG. 11, the frequency deviation Δf was 0.084 Hz at time 4: 44: 0. At this time, P _EWH = 322.5 MW, P _OL = 2422.5 MW, P _LS = 5.6 MW, P _WF = 209.2 MW, P _EDC = 891.8 MW, P _LFC = −12.9 MW, P _GF = − It takes values of 25.8 MW, γ _on = 0.3801, γ _off = 0.0.

In each of FIGS. 10 and 11, the figure (a) shows the frequency deviation Δf, the figure (b) shows the total output power P _WF from all the wind farms, and the figure (c) shows the total power output P _{VG with} adjustable output. And total power consumption P _EWH of all electric water heaters, total power consumption P _OL and total demand P _{L of} other loads, figure (d) is the power consumption pattern of one electric water heater, figure (e) is its The time change of g value of one electric water heater is shown. When the control method of the present invention is applied, the time change of γ _on and γ _off which are control command values from the TSO is shown in FIG. In either case, the total capacity of the installed wind power generation equipment has a 705MW, P _WF and P _OL is exactly the same in both cases.

When each electric water heater is made to perform a conventional operation without applying the control method of the present invention, the control target width is set in a period where the frequency deviation Δf is around 4:30 to 6:00 from FIG. A major departure. Even now, the frequency deviation may deviate from ± 0.3 Hz, which is the control target range, and some deviation is acceptable. However, a deviation exceeding ± 0.5 Hz as shown in FIG. 10 from (c), the frequency deviation large 4:30 to 6:00 total demand _{P L} demand period time is about the minimum value 2500 MW, the output adjustable total power output _{P VG} lower limit _{C VGmin} = It is 650 MW. The P _VG has disappeared lowers cost reaches the lower limit value C _VGmin is responsible for the frequency deviation Δf has deviated larger control target width. Further, from FIG. 10 (a), the frequency deviation Δf is 0:10 to 0:20 deviates greatly the control target width period time, but not reached the lower limit value _{C VGmin} is _{P VG} this time However, this is because the fast-response _PGF or P _LFC has reached the lower limit (−C _GF or −C _LFC ).

On the other hand, when the control method of the present invention is applied, the frequency deviation Δf is always within the control target width as shown in FIG. Figure 10 (c) and a comparison of FIG. 11 _(c), the reversed reduced in the vicinity of 0:00 to _{P EWH} 4: 00-6: 00 is increased in the vicinity of the minimum value of the total demand _{P L} as a result of 2500MW More. For this reason, the total power output P _VG that can be adjusted for output does not reach the lower limit C _VGmin , and a reduction _margin remains. For this reason, the frequency deviation Δf is prevented from becoming large during the period of about 4:30 to 6:00. Also, always controls the P _EWH as P _GF and P _LFC does not reach the upper limit value, it was also so that the frequency deviation Δf is not increased in other periods.

When comparing FIG. 10 (d) (e) and FIG. 11 (d) (e), focusing on one electric water heater, when the control method of the present invention is not applied, it turns on after 23:00. , It turns off when the water in the hot water tank boils and γ becomes zero. On the other hand, when the control method of the present invention is applied, ON / OFF is repeated five times in accordance with the γ _on and γ _off commands from the TSO, but eventually the water in the hot water tank boils up and g becomes It became zero.

The above calculation was carried out by using the wind speed data for one year in 2006, and changing the total capacity of the installed wind power generation facilities for midnight hours of each day. FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the maximum value of the frequency deviation | Δf | and the total capacity of the wind power generation equipment obtained as a result.
In FIG. 12, 12a represents a characteristic when the control method of the present invention is not applied, and 12b represents a characteristic when the control method of the present invention is applied.
When the control method of the present invention is not applied, a frequency deviation of a maximum of 0.45 Hz occurs even if the total capacity of the wind power generation facility is 240 MW. However, when the control method of the present invention is applied, the total capacity of the wind power generation facility is As a result, even at 705 MW, only a maximum frequency deviation of 0.35 Hz occurred. From the above, it was found that the amount of wind power generation facilities that can be introduced dramatically increases by controlling the electric water heater group by the method of the present invention.

TSO Host system operation device DSO Local area system operation device DAC Home air conditioner CAC Commercial air conditioner cl Controllable load cl-1 Load control unit cl-2 Future power consumption average value p _ft calculation means cl within specified time -5 power consumption rate _{γ = (p fut -p min)} / (p max -p min) power based on sampling means cl-7 gamma _on the gamma _off computing means cl-6 power p controller cl-8 Controlled load cl-9 memory

Claims (2)

The power distribution network includes at least an arbitrary number of controllable loads including control means for controlling power consumption of the own load, and includes a system control device for controlling the power distribution network,
The controllable load, future power mean value p _fut calculating means for calculating a future power average value p _fut within a specified time based on actual measurement data, the maximum power consumption p _max storing means for storing the maximum power consumption p _max, lowest power _{p min} storing means, the power consumption rate _{γ = (p fut -p min)} / (p max -p min) power consumption rate gamma calculating means for calculating a storing the lowest power _{p min,} the controllable load itself Created by storage means for storing power consumption p, transmission means for transmitting the maximum power consumption p _max , minimum power consumption p _min , power consumption rate γ, power consumption p to the system control device, and system operation device Power consumption control means for controlling power consumption based _{on the} maximum threshold value γ _on and the minimum threshold value γ _off ,
The system controller transmits the power consumption rate γ to the power consumption increase based on the maximum power consumption p _max , the minimum power consumption p _min , the power consumption rate γ, and the power consumption p transmitted from each controllable load. p _max -p distribution histogram and power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p _min -p distribution histogram and power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p _max -p distribution histogram and power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p _min -p distribution histogram creating means, and,
A total amount ΔP of power consumption adjustment amount necessary for system operation is obtained, and a power consumption rate maximization threshold γ _on and a minimization threshold γ _off are calculated based on the power consumption adjustment amount ΔP and the power consumption rate γ versus power consumption. A calculation means for obtaining using an increase margin p _max -p distribution histogram and a power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption decrease margin p _min -p distribution histogram;
A direct load control system configured to transmit the maximization threshold γ _on and the minimization threshold γ _off to the controllable load. The system control device comprises a local area system operation device and a wide area upper system operation device,
An arbitrary number of controllable load control systems are connected to the control system of the system operation device in the nearest local area, and an arbitrary number of system operation devices in the local area are connected to the control system of the upper system operation device in the wide area. ,
The local area system operation device uses the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase margin p _max -p distribution histogram and the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction margin p _min -p distribution histogram creation means in the device, Based on the power consumption p _max , the minimum power consumption p _min , the power consumption rate γ, and the power consumption p, the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase allowance p _max -p distribution histogram and power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p create a _min- p distribution histogram,
The upper-level system operation device in the wide area has the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase margin p _max -p distribution histogram and the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction margin p _min -p distribution histogram by the calculation means in the device. The power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption increase allowance p _max -p distribution and the power consumption rate γ vs. power consumption reduction allowance p _min -p distribution sum histograms are respectively obtained, and the power consumption adjustment amount necessary for operation of the system is calculated. Based on the total amount ΔP, the power consumption rate maximization threshold γ _on and the minimization threshold γ _off are obtained using the sum histogram, and the maximization threshold γ _on and the minimization threshold γ _off are transmitted to the local area system operation device. And
The system operation device of a local area sends the maximization threshold gamma _on the minimization threshold gamma _off to the controllable load,
The direct load control system according to claim 1, wherein the controllable load controls power consumption based _{on the} maximization threshold γ _on and the minimization threshold γ _off .