JP2010053250A - Conductive polymer composite material and electric field responsive polymer membrane using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a conductive polymer composite material that has high conductivity in spite of retaining flexibility of polymer and excellent molding processability in a conductive polymer composite material for providing a polymer being an insulator with conductivity by mixing a polymer with a conductive filler. <P>SOLUTION: In the conductive polymer composite material obtained by mixing a polymer as a base material with a conductive filler, the amount of the conductive filler mixed is equal to or more than a critical volume fraction and vegetable carbon black is used in a part or all of the conductive filler. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a polymer composite material having conductivity, and more specifically, conductivity obtained by improving a conductive filler blended in a polymer as a base material, and conductivity excellent in flexibility. The present invention relates to a polymer composite material.

  Conventionally, blending a conductive filler with a polymer that is an insulator to impart conductivity has been performed for a long time, and various conductive fillers for this purpose are known (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  Commonly known conductive fillers include (1) carbon materials having a graphite structure such as carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, (2) metal materials such as metal fibers, metal powder, metal foil, metal pieces, ( 3) Examples include inorganic materials such as metal oxides. In particular, in order to obtain high conductivity with a small amount of blending, use of carbon black or hollow carbon fibrils is progressing (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  Normal conductive fillers are spherical, flake, fibrous, dendritic, angular, spongy, irregular, disc-like, granular, grape-like, teardrop-like, etc. Depending on the electrical characteristics of the conductive filler, it also depends on the shape, powder diameter, dispersion state, surface treatment, and the like of the conductive filler (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

  When a conductive filler is added to an insulating polymer in order to impart conductivity, the volume resistivity (Ω · m) gradually decreases as the compounding amount increases as shown in FIG. In a certain compounding amount, the volume resistivity is dramatically decreased from the insulating region to the conductive region, and a phenomenon called percolation in which the polymer is transferred from the insulator to the conductor is observed. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the conductive filler forms a three-dimensional network in the insulator matrix as shown in FIG. 2, and the blending amount at this time is called “critical volume fraction”. ing. This critical volume fraction takes a substantially fixed value depending on the type of polymer as the base material and the type of conductive filler.

  Therefore, in order to make the volume resistivity of the conductive polymer low, it is necessary to blend more conductive filler than the critical volume fraction (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  Moreover, a critical volume fraction can be made small by using a fibrous conductive filler rather than a granular conductive filler. That is, the critical volume fraction is exceeded with less conductive filler blending, and conductivity can be obtained. This is because, as shown in FIG. 3, when a fibrous conductive filler is used, it is easy to form a three-dimensional network with a smaller blending amount than the granular conductive filler. Furthermore, when a fibrous conductive filler is used, the tensile strength of the conductive polymer tends to increase.

Furthermore, the present inventors succeeded in power generation using an electric field responsive polymer film (Electroactive Polymer) whose main component is a dielectric elastomer (see, for example, Patent Document 4), and a conductive polymer composite is used for the electrode. It has been proposed to use a material (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).
JP 2007-92039 A (page 10-11) JP 2002-53747 A (page 3) JP 2007-234547 A (page 4-10) JP 2008-141840 A Takano Hiromi edited by “Technical Information Association of the latest conductive material technology complete works (first volume)”, October 31, 2007, p. 149-195 Takano Hiromi edited by “Technology Information Society of the latest conductive materials technology complete works (second volume)”, October 31, 2007, p. 401-402

  However, as described above, in order to lower the volume resistivity of the conductive polymer, when more conductive filler is blended than the critical volume fraction, as shown in FIG. There are fewer joint points. That is, since the matrix of the polymer used as a base material is divided by the conductive filler, there is a problem that characteristics such as tensile strength and elasticity are impaired.

  In addition, many studies have been conducted on molded-type secondary battery electrodes and fuel cell separators made of composite materials of conductive fillers and polymers. If it is increased, the melt fluidity will decrease and molding will become difficult, and the molding material will not go through the mold cavity in injection molding or compression molding, and it will be a short shot that can not fill the cavity completely. was there.

  In addition, when a fibrous conductive filler is used, the tensile strength tends to increase, but there is a problem that the elasticity is lowered and the flexibility of the polymer is impaired.

  Furthermore, when a conductive polymer is used for the electrode of the electric field responsive polymer film, the conductivity can be improved if the elasticity of the conductive polymer can be flexibly expanded and contracted corresponding to the expansion / contraction of the electric field responsive polymer film. The power generation efficiency or drive efficiency is reduced due to the decrease, and on the other hand, when the conductivity of the conductive polymer is increased, the elasticity is lowered, so that the electrode cannot cope with the expansion / contraction of the electric field responsive polymer film and the durability is reduced. There was a problem.

  Therefore, a technical problem to be solved by the present invention, that is, a first object of the present invention is to provide a composite material in which a conductive polymer is made conductive by blending a conductive filler with the polymer. It is to provide a conductive polymer composite material having high conductivity while maintaining flexibility, and also excellent in moldability.

  Furthermore, the second object of the present invention is to achieve excellent power generation efficiency or drive efficiency when used as a power generation element or actuator by using a conductive polymer composite material having high conductivity while maintaining flexibility. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric field responsive polymer film that realizes excellent durability.

  As a result of intensive research in order to solve the above problems, the present inventors use plant-based carbon black as a conductive filler to be blended with a polymer that is a base material of a conductive polymer composite material. The present inventors have found that the present invention is extremely effective for solving the problems, and have completed the present invention based on such knowledge.

That is, the invention according to claim 1 is a conductive polymer composite material in which a conductive filler is blended with a polymer as a base material, and the blending amount of the conductive filler is not less than a critical volume fraction and the conductive filler. By using plant-based carbon black for a part or all of the above, the above-mentioned problems are solved.
The “plant-based carbon black” in the present invention is a plant or its seed as a raw material, and this fiber is made flame resistant, that is, after being heated at 200 to 300 ° C. for a certain period of time in an atmosphere with oxygen, then carbonized, That is, the carbon powder produced by baking at 1000 ° C. or higher in an oxygen-free atmosphere means that the hollow structure or fibrous structure of the raw material is maintained after carbonization.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the conductive polymer composite material according to claim 1, wherein the plant-based carbon black has a hollow structure, and a polymer serving as a base material enters the hollow structure. Therefore, the problem is further solved.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the conductive polymer composite material according to claim 1, wherein the plant-based carbon black has a fibrous structure, and a polymer enters a gap existing in the fibrous structure. Thus, the above-described problem is further solved.

  Further, the invention according to claim 4 is the conductive polymer composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a part of the conductive filler is a metallic filler, ketjen black, carbon nanotube, mesophase. By including at least one conductive material selected from carbon, coke, natural graphite, artificial graphite, and vapor grown carbon fiber, the above-mentioned problems are further solved.

  Here, metallic filler, ketjen black, carbon nanotube, mesophase carbon, coke, natural graphite, artificial graphite, and vapor grown carbon fiber are all used as a conductive agent blended for the purpose of improving the conductivity of the polymer. It is a conductive material having common properties.

  The electric field responsive polymer film according to claim 5 is characterized in that the electrode made of the conductive polymer composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 sandwiches a dielectric elastomer. Is a further solution.

  The “electric field responsive polymer film” in the present invention is a new material developed by SRI International based in California, USA, and is a thin material having elasticity made of acrylic resin, silicone resin or the like. It has a structure in which a polymer (dielectric elastomer) is sandwiched between flexible electrodes that can be expanded and contracted, and is commercially available under the trade name EPAM (Electroactive Polymer Artificial Muscle).

  Here, the outline of the principle that the electric field responsive polymer film generates electricity will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The electric field responsive polymer film 1 is composed of a polymer film 1a such as an acrylic resin or a silicone resin sandwiched between two flexible electrodes 1b and 1c. In the conventionally used actuation mode, when a potential difference is applied between the electrodes as shown in FIG. 5, the polymer film 1a contracts in the thickness direction due to electrostatic force, and as a result, the electric field response The polymer film 1 extends in the surface direction and functions as an actuator.

  On the other hand, in the power generation mode, as shown in FIG. 6, the movement reverse to that of the actuation (drive) mode, that is, the external pressure or extension of the electric field responsive polymer film 1 such as wave force, wind force, hydraulic power or human action. Power is generated by extending the electric field responsive polymer film 1 by applying a force.

  In these modes, the electric field responsive polymer film 1 is considered to function like a variable capacitor. When the electric field responsive polymer film 1 is stretched by some force, a small amount of electric charge that is a source of power generation is given to the electric field responsive polymer film 1. This electric charge appears on the surface of the polymer film 1 a of the electric field responsive polymer film 1. When the film relaxes, the elastic force of the electric field responsive polymer film 1 works against the electric field pressure, and as a result, electric energy increases. Microscopically, charges are pushed toward the electrodes 1b and 1c by the elastic force of the polymer film 1a (the thickness of the polymer film 1a increases in the contracted state), and between the charges on the electrodes 1b and 1c. The distance becomes shorter (the plane area decreases in the contracted state).

  Such a change in charge increases the voltage difference. As a result, the amount of electrostatic energy increases, and the electric energy can be supplied to an external load, and the electric field responsive polymer film functions as a power generation element.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the conductive polymer composite material in which the conductive polymer is blended with the polymer as the base material, the blending amount of the conductive filler is not less than the critical volume fraction and one of the conductive fillers. By using plant-based carbon black in part or all, plant-based carbon black made from plants or its seeds as a raw material has flame resistance while leaving the hollow structure or fibrous structure of the plant or its seeds. Since it is carbonized, it has a structure that is intertwined into fibers, and the bonds between the particles are not only due to surface contact between the particles, but also due to the intertwining of the fibers, as with conventional conductive fillers. Therefore, since the contact area between the particles is large and the volume resistivity can be lowered, the conductivity of the conductive polymer composite material can be greatly improved. Can.

  According to the invention of claim 2, in the conductive polymer composite material of claim 1, the plant-based carbon black has a hollow structure, and the polymer serving as a base material is inside the hollow structure. By being contained, even if plant-based carbon black is blended at a high concentration, the elasticity of the polymer is not impaired and the blending amount of the conductive filler can be increased as compared with the conventional, so that the volume resistivity is further lowered. Therefore, the conductivity of the conductive polymer composite material is further improved. That is, since the polymer used as a base material enters the space of the vegetable carbon black in the conductive filler, the bonding between adjacent conductive fillers is due to surface contact, and the space of the plant carbon black has It will be retained by the polymer that enters. Therefore, even if the blending amount of the conductive filler is increased as compared with the conventional one, the moldability and conductivity can be improved without impairing elasticity.

  According to the invention of claim 3, in the conductive polymer composite material of claim 1, the plant carbon black has a fibrous structure, and the polymer enters a gap existing in the fibrous structure. As a result, the network of the conductive filler is maintained by the entanglement of the fibrous structures of the plant carbon blacks and the polymer entering the gaps of the fibrous structures, so that the tensile strength and elasticity can be improved.

  Furthermore, according to the invention according to claim 4, in the conductive polymer composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a part of the conductive filler is a metallic filler, ketjen black, a carbon nanotube, By containing at least one conductive material selected from mesophase carbon, coke, natural graphite, artificial graphite, and vapor grown carbon fiber, the conductive material can be provided in the gap between the hollow or fibrous structures of plant carbon black. Therefore, even if the blending amount of the conductive material is increased as compared with the conventional case, the moldability and conductivity can be improved without impairing the tensile strength and elasticity.

  And, according to the electric field responsive polymer film according to claim 5, the conductive polymer composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 forms an electrode of the electric field responsive polymer film, Excellent power generation efficiency when using an electric field responsive polymer film as a power generation element or actuator because the electrode flexibly follows the expansion and contraction of the electric field responsive polymer film and the electrode has high conductivity. Alternatively, it is possible to realize driving efficiency and excellent durability.

  The conductive polymer composite material of the present invention contains a conductive filler in a polymer as a base material, and the amount of the conductive filler is greater than or equal to the critical volume fraction, and a part of or all of the conductive filler is plant-based. Any specific embodiment may be used as long as it has high conductivity while maintaining the flexibility of the polymer by using carbon black.

  For example, the conductive polymer composite material of the present invention comprises a polymer as a base material and a conductive filler as main components. However, a release agent, a UV stabilizer, You may mix | blend a viscosity agent, a binder, etc. as an additional component.

  Further, the electric field responsive polymer film of the present invention is obtained by blending a conductive filler with a polymer as a base material, and the blending amount of the conductive filler is not less than the critical volume fraction and part or all of the conductive filler. A conductive polymer composite material using plant-based carbon black forms an electrode of an electric field responsive polymer film, so that when this electric field responsive polymer film is used as a power generation element or an actuator, excellent power generation efficiency or Any specific embodiment may be used as long as it achieves driving efficiency and also realizes excellent durability.

  For example, the electric field responsive polymer film of the present invention achieves excellent power generation efficiency and durability when used as a power generation element, but is flexible in response to the expansion and contraction of the electric field responsive polymer film. Since the electrode follows and the conductivity of the electrode is high, excellent drive efficiency and durability can be realized even when used as a drive element.

  Hereinafter, the conductive polymer composite material of Example 1 which is one embodiment of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

  The conductive polymer composite material of Example 1 is composed of 80 to 10% by volume of a polymer serving as a base material and 20 to 90% by volume of a conductive filler. The specific blending amount of the conductive filler is determined so as to be equal to or higher than the critical volume fraction according to the type of polymer serving as a base material and the type of conductive filler.

  As the polymer serving as the base material, a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin can be used. Here, as the thermosetting resin, for example, polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer synthetic resin (ABS resin), acrylic resin (PMMA), polyimide (PI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), fluororesin, polyacetal (POM), polyamide resin (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycarbonate (PC) and the like. Among these, polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polystyrene (PS), acrylic resin (PMMA), polyimide (PI), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), fluororesin, polycarbonate (PC) are water resistant and heat resistant. From the point of view, one or a mixture of two or more may be used.

  Thermosetting resins include phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, alkyd resin, acrylic resin, melamine resin, xylene resin, guanamine resin, diallyl phthalate resin, allyl ester resin, imide resin, urethane. Examples thereof include resins. Among these, phenol resins, unsaturated polyesters, epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins, and allyl ester resins are preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance, flame retardancy, water resistance, and the like, or one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.

  Conductive fillers include iron powder, aluminum powder, iron fibers, flake aluminum flakes, flake zinc flakes, stainless steel fibers, silver flakes and other metallic fillers, ketjen black, carbon nanotubes, mesophase carbon, coke, natural One or more kinds of conductive materials selected from graphite, artificial graphite, and vapor grown carbon fiber can be used.

  In this embodiment, a certain amount of plant carbon black is added to these conductive fillers. Alternatively, all of the conductive fillers may be plant-based carbon black instead of these conductive fillers.

  As plant-based carbon black used in this example, plant-derived raw materials such as trees, rice husks, seeds, and fruit squeezed straw were made flame resistant, that is, heated at 200 to 300 ° C. for a certain time in an atmosphere with oxygen. Thereafter, carbonization, that is, carbon powder produced by baking at 1000 ° C. or higher in an oxygen-free atmosphere is used.

  Such plant carbon black maintains the hollow structure or fibrous structure of the raw material even after carbonization. Therefore, for example, when a plant carbon black having a hollow structure obtained using plant seeds as a raw material is used, as shown in FIG. 7, a polymer serving as a base material inside the hollow structure of the plant carbon black In addition to the surface contact between the adjacent plant-based carbon blacks, the bonds between the adjacent plant-based carbon blacks are maintained by the polymer that has entered the space of the plant-based carbon black. Therefore, even if the amount of plant carbon black is increased, the moldability and conductivity can be improved without impairing elasticity.

  Further, for example, when a plant-based carbon black having a fibrous structure obtained using a tree as a raw material is used, as shown in FIG. 8, the polymer enters a gap existing in the fibrous structure, Since the network of the conductive filler is maintained by the entanglement of the fibrous structure and the polymer that enters the gap between the fibrous structures, the tensile strength and elasticity can be improved.

  The conductive polymer composite material of this example is obtained by mixing the above-mentioned components with, for example, a mixer or a kneader generally used in the resin field such as a roll, an extruder, a kneader, a Banbury mixer, a planetary mixer, and a Henschel mixer. It can be used and mixed uniformly.

  There is no particular limitation on the method for forming the conductive polymer composite material of the present embodiment into a plate-like or film-like molded body used for an electrode of a secondary battery or an electrode of an electric field responsive polymer film. For example, a compression molding method, a transfer molding method, an injection molding method, a casting method, and an injection compression molding method can be suitably used.

  In order to obtain a plate-like or film-like molded article with good dimensional accuracy, first, it is formed into a plate or film with a predetermined thickness and width using an extruder, roll, calender, etc., and then again with a roll or calender. It is preferable to roll. Moreover, in order to eliminate voids and air in the molded body, it is preferable to perform extrusion molding in a vacuum state.

  As described above, in the conductive polymer composite material of Example 1, the polymer serving as the base material enters the space of the conductive filler, so that the bonding between the adjacent conductive fillers is also maintained by the polymer that has entered the space. Will be. For this reason, even if the mixing amount of the conductive filler is increased as compared with the prior art, the elasticity can be improved without impairing the elasticity, and the effect is enormous.

  Next, the electric field responsive polymer film of Example 2 which is another embodiment of the present invention will be described. The electric field responsive polymer film and a specific power generation method using the same have already been described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, and will be omitted.

  As the electrode material for the electric field responsive polymer film, a material in which a conductive filler is blended with polymer, silicon oil or the like is used. By using the conductive polymer composite material described in Example 1 for this electrode material, the volume specific resistance of the electrode can be lowered. As a result, it is possible to reduce the loss generated in the electrode. In addition, since the electrode expands and contracts during operation in the electric field responsive polymer film, the conductive polymer composite material described in the first embodiment having high conductivity without impairing elasticity is used as the electrode. In the case of operation, the operation efficiency is improved, and in the case of power generation operation, the power generation efficiency can be improved.

  Furthermore, as described in Example 1, the conductive polymer using plant-based carbon black as a part or all of the conductive filler can be used for metallic fillers, ketjen black, carbon nanotubes and the like without losing elasticity. The blending amount can be increased, and the conductivity can be further improved. Therefore, the conductive polymer using plant-based carbon black for part or all of the conductive filler is a breakthrough for the practical use of actuators and power generation devices using an electric field responsive polymer film, The effect is enormous.

  Furthermore, another application example of the present invention will be described. The characteristics of the conductive polymer composite material described as Example 1 are flexible electrodes such as an ion conductive polymer / metal composite (IPMC) or an actuator using polypyrrole (conductive polymer). The present invention can also be applied to a soft actuator (EAP) having the same.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 9, plant-type carbon black is kneaded into polypyrrole, which is a conductive polymer, and this type of soft actuator (EAP) can be easily obtained by impregnating an electrolyte. It can be manufactured and the operating efficiency of the actuator can be improved. When used as a power generation element, power generation efficiency can also be improved.

  Here, the operation principle of the soft actuator (EAP) shown in FIG. 9 will be outlined. Polypyrrole, which is a conductive polymer, and a counter electrode made of platinum or the like are immersed in an electrolyte, and voltage change and polarity switching are performed between the polypyrrole and the counter electrode, thereby changing the conformation of the polymer chain of polypyrrole and the dopant. The polypyrrole expands and contracts when ions (negative ions) enter and exit the polypyrrole (doping / undoping). That is, as shown in FIG. 9, when the polypyrrole side is made positive, negative ions are taken into the polypyrrole and the polypyrrole swells. On the contrary, when the polypyrrole side is made negative, the negative ions taken into the polypyrrole are released into the electrolytic solution and the polypyrrole contracts.

  And, by blending plant-based carbon black into polypyrrole, which is the polymer used as the base material, the electrolyte can easily penetrate into the hollow structure or fibrous structure of the plant-based carbon black. Actuators can be made. Further, the contact area between the electrolytic solution and polypyrrole is increased, so that the operation efficiency of the actuator is improved, and when used as a power generation element, the power generation efficiency is improved.

  The conductive polymer composite material of the present invention improves the conductivity of the conductive polymer without using an expensive conductive agent such as carbon nanotubes by using plant-based carbon black in part or all of the conductive filler. Moreover, since plant carbon black has a hollow structure or a fibrous structure, it is easy to disperse in the polymer used as a base material, and also improves the flexibility and molding processability of the conductive polymer. Application to electrodes of various electronic devices such as EL displays, application to secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries that are required to prevent dendritic phenomenon (dendritic deposition of metal ions) and to safely pass a large current Application of the electric double layer capacitor, which requires increasing the surface area of the electrode, to improve the conductivity and lower the internal resistance Application of electrolytic capacitors as an alternative to electrolytic solutions for the purpose of improving numerical characteristics, application to conductive paints that require improved performance such as antistatic, electrical conductivity, radio wave absorption efficiency, mass productivity, cost Its industrial applicability is extremely high, such as application to fuel cell electrodes that require reduction.

  In addition, the electric field responsive polymer membrane of the present invention can be used in various conditions and fields by taking advantage of its simple structure, light weight, little maintenance, and almost no mechanical noise during operation. A power generation device and an actuator are provided. For example, as a power generation device, power generation by slow movement of wave power, hydropower, wind power, etc., power supply device of tire pressure sensor, power generation using swing of tree trunk or branch, power generation using gas pressure such as exhaust gas, Power generation using water pressure such as drainage, power generation due to vibration and impact generated when the vehicle travels, human power generation as an emergency power source, power generation due to pressure changes generated in narrow spaces such as tunnels, etc., and existing actuators The industrial applicability of such devices as motors, solenoids, nursing care devices, rehabilitation devices, robots, medical surgical devices, etc. is extremely high.

The figure explaining the percolation phenomenon of a conductive polymer composite material. The conceptual diagram explaining the three-dimensional network of the conductive polymer composite material which mix | blended the granular conductive filler. The conceptual diagram explaining the three-dimensional network of the conductive polymer composite material which mix | blended the fibrous conductive filler. The conceptual diagram explaining the three-dimensional network of the conventional conductive polymer composite material which mix | blended a lot of conductive fillers. The figure explaining the operation principle of the drive mode of an electric field responsive polymer film. The figure explaining the operation principle of the electric power generation mode of an electric field responsive polymer film. The conceptual diagram explaining the three-dimensional network of the conductive polymer composite material which mix | blended the plant-type carbon black which has a hollow structure of Example 1. FIG. The conceptual diagram explaining the three-dimensional network of the conductive polymer composite material which mix | blended the plant-type carbon black which has a fibrous structure of Example 1. FIG. The conceptual diagram of the actuator using the conductive polymer of Example 3. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Electric field responsive polymer membrane (EPAM)
1a: polymer film 1b (of electric field responsive polymer film), 1c: electrode (of electric field responsive polymer film)

Claims (5)

In a conductive polymer composite material in which a conductive filler is blended with a polymer as a base material,
A conductive polymer composite material characterized in that the compounding amount of the conductive filler is not less than a critical volume fraction and plant carbon black is used for a part or all of the conductive filler.   2. The conductive polymer composite material according to claim 1, wherein the plant-based carbon black has a hollow structure, and a polymer serving as a base material enters the hollow structure.   2. The conductive polymer composite material according to claim 1, wherein the plant-based carbon black has a fibrous structure, and a polymer enters a gap existing in the fibrous structure.   Part of the conductive filler contains at least one conductive material selected from metallic filler, ketjen black, carbon nanotube, mesophase carbon, coke, natural graphite, artificial graphite, and vapor grown carbon fiber. The conductive polymer composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein 5. An electric field-responsive polymer film, wherein an electrode made of the conductive polymer composite material according to claim 1 sandwiches a dielectric elastomer.

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